271:" were wrong, and based on a reflex or proxy for the heteronormative assumption that sexual attraction is possible only as a function of polar opposites, even when such polar opposites are embodied within one individual as in the 'third sex'. Theories regarding the 'third sex' from which he chose to distance himself, are ultimately based on the idea that the polarity represented by heterosexuality must be universal, and as such even homosexual individuals and the homosexual orientation itself must reproduce or emulate that polarity. Heimsoth's theory on the other hand does not rely on heterosexuality to explain homosexuality. Instead it takes homosexuality as it is, as an attraction to the same sex, without any reference to a polarity real or imagined. In his writing
463:("Council of Leaders of the Reich") of the KGRNS. Between Strasser, who belonged to the "left" wing of the NSDAP, and Hitler there had previously been differences in the policy pursued by the latter in matters of legality. In June 1931 Strasser warned the police about the existence of Röhm's letters. Heimsoth dropped out of the KGRNS in August 1931; in September he called the KGRNS a "fascist government reserve" and told them that his decision was not the result of a political discussion, but was for personal reasons.
635:
607:
621:
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without any reference to the heterosexual polarity or proxies for the same in the form of 'third genders'. Male homosexuality would thus be defined by the attraction of the masculine to the masculine without any reference to the feminine or to the polarity of the male female difference. Thereby liberating the
353:(1929; "Character Constellation: With Particular Reference to Homosexuality") is dedicated to Schwickert. This work attempts to unite psychology and astrology and create a framework for determining the degree of homosexuality of a person based upon the constellation of stars at the time of his birth.
395:
I fully understand! Of course I struggle with the paragraph on morale, especially with §175. But do you mean that I do not make it clear enough? In the first draft I had introduced a more detailed explanation on the subject, but I modified it to its present form after hearing the advice of friends,
228:
From
Weininger, Heimsoth took the "law of the polar union" as an impulse of the sexual union and completed it with a second "law of the homopolar union". He basically tried to prove that a masculine man could want another masculine man, because there were esoteric and friendly connections in such a
233:
assumptions and stereotypes, which seek to explain homosexuality as nothing more than a reflection of the heterosexual dynamic that looks for opposite characteristics. As such, it was pioneering in its approach to homosexuality as a sexual attraction that seeks out what is similar or identical,
192:
The thesis argued that in certain erotic and friendly relationships there are certain norms looked for and desired which are "the same". This homophilia can occur both in relationships between men and between women. In contrast, Heimsoth saw heterophilia as a relationship characterized by "the
297:
spirit". Male homosexuality is thus envisioned as not only heroic, but purely masculine, not only in terms of its object of attraction but also in the sexual identity and being of the man in question. In this understanding it is the masculine within the homosexual male that seeks out the same
574:
Hetero- und
Homophilie. Eine neuorientierende An- und Einordnung der Erscheinungsbilder, der "Homosexualität" und der "Inversion" in Berücksichtigung der sogenannten "normalen Freundschaft" auf Grund der zwei verschiedenen erotischen Anziehungsgesetze und der bisexuellen Grundeinstellung des
242:
analogies and other such heteronormative paradigms that try to explain all sexual attraction as being a function of polar opposites. Heimsoth's 1924 dissertation represents thus an emancipated conceptualization of same-sex attraction that is divorced from the heterosexual and from the
1035:
Bruns, Claudia; zur Nieden, Susanne (2006). "'Und unsere germanische Art beruht bekanntlich zentnerschwer auf unserem
Triebleben...'. Der arische Körper als Schauplatz von Deutungskämpfen bei Blüher, Heimsoth und Röhm". In Diehl, Paula (ed.).
1132:
492:
to win over circles of intellectuals and military officers as allies in their fight against Nazism. Heimsoth was also an informer of the political-military apparatus of the KPD, part of the party's
1143:
391:
demanded a sharper persecution of homosexuals, and apparently
Heimsoth wanted to convince Röhm, a known Nazi, who would be positioned clearly against §175. Röhm confirmed Heimsoth's assumptions:
406:
Röhm and
Heimsoth met in person in 1928. In subsequent letters from Röhm, it can be deduced that they had conversations about very personal issues and were together at gay meeting places in
1287:
229:
relationship which were not wanted nor looked for in the other sex, but rather in the same sex, as an opposite pole. His hypothesis was one of the first to question
450:
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418:
requisitioned Röhm's letters in a search of his house; Heimsoth was interrogated. Towards late 1931 and early 1932, the State
Secretary of the Interior of
332:
formations and secret societies" and wanted to obtain material "about heroism, the heroic leader problem and the psyche of the volunteers, the desperate,
1262:
1207:
1282:
1154:
zur Nieden, Susanne (2005). "Aufstieg und Fall des virilen Männerhelden. Der
Skandal um Ernst Röhm und seine Ermordung". In zur Nieden, Susanne (ed.).
140:. At Rostock he passed his state examination to practice medicine in the spring of 1924. During his studies, in 1920 and 1921 he participated in the
298:
masculinity in other males as sexually attractive without any reference to an assumed internal feminine. Heimsoth's ideal was that of a whole man,
1257:
1202:
1242:
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journalist
Helmuth Klotz of the existence of the letters. Along with an extensive press report, Klotz published the letters in March 1932.
1114:
Nationalsozialismus von links. Die 'Kampfgemeinschaft
Revolutionärer Nationalsozialisten' und die 'Schwarze Front' Otto Straßers 1930-1935
483:
379:, published in 1928, were read "between the lines" by Heimsoth as recognition of the author's homosexuality. At that time a reform of
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Mann für Mann. Biographisches
Lexikon zur Geschichte von Freundesliebe und mannmännlicher Sexualität im deutschen Sprachraum
754:
Karl Günther Heimsoth: "Freundesliebe oder Homosexualität. Ein Versuch einer anregenden und scheidenden Klarstellung", in:
293:: "All heroic and masculine love between friends" remains, "in his idea and possibilities of understanding foreign to the
1222:
1197:
1252:
457:, and that same year he went on to take the "Office for the Study of Foreign Policy", besides becoming a member of the
221:("The Role of Eroticism in Male Society"). Heimsoth's reflections start with Blüher's theory on the central meaning of
531:
later said of the murder that Heimsoth "kept a dubious practice in the Wittenbergplatz, a real pitfall. Just like the
201:
man. His interpretations of homosexuality and male friendship were based upon previous ideas, as developed in 1903 by
1163:
1140:
Der Sexualreformer Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935): Ein Leben im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft, Politik und Geschichte
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978:
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1133:"Die 'männerheldische heroische Freundesliebe' bleibt 'dem Judengeiste fremd'. Antisemitismus und Maskulinismus"
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511:, the Nazi Seizure of Power, Heimsoth continued giving information to the KPD secret service. A September 1933
326:: in it he asked to be sent documentation to demonstrate the "circumstances and homoerotic relations in the
591:
Freikorps greift an! Militärpolitische Geschichte und Kritik der Angriffs-Unternehmen in Oberschlesien 1921
312:" (called higher power). Heimsoth thought that he could find examples of such heroes among the soldiers of
410:. Heimsoth subsequently deposited Röhm's letters in the safe of a lawyer. In 1930 Röhm became head of the
414:. From April 1930, Munich prosecutors investigated Röhm for "unnatural fornication". On 10 July 1931 the
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After obtaining his doctorate, Heimsoth worked at practices in the Gynecologic University Clinic of
125:
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969:
Gestapo report about Römer's contacts from 25 September 1933, see Oswald Bindrich, Susanne Römer:
437:, Heimsoth was not only an active member of the Nazi Party in the following years, but a "flaming
193:
opposite"; considered well within the range of heterophilia are platonic relationships between an
366:
691:
243:
conceptualization of homosexuality as an 'inbetween' state between the feminine and masculine.
1156:
Homosexualität und Staatsräson. Männlichkeit, Homophobie und Politik in Deutschland 1900−1945
429:
At the time of the correspondence with Röhm, it appears that Heimsoth became a member of the
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664:, p. 332) however, the entry date is 1 May 1933, which is most likely incorrect.
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Charakter-Konstellation. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gleichgeschlechtlichkeit
542:
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Charakter-Konstellation: Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gleichgeschlechtlichkeit
267:, because he considered that the theories advocated by the Committee concerning the "
264:
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Homosexuelle unter dem Hakenkreuz. Die Verfolgung von Homosexuellen im Dritten Reich
927:
423:
239:
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Von der NSDAP zur SPD. Der politische Lebensweg des Dr. Helmuth Klotz (1894-1943).
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Verkörperung – Entkörperung. Körperbilder und Körperpraxen im Nationalsozialismus
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Kaufmann, Bernhard; Reisener, Eckhard; Schwips, Dieter; Walther, Henri (1993).
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environment, as can be gathered from his 1925 publication in the magazine
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command in Berlin, as part of the purge carried out during the so-called
313:
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181:. With this work, Heimsoth was probably the first to introduce the term "
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527:, in which Hitler got rid of political enemies both real and imagined.
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277:("Love Between Friends or Homosexuality"), published in the magazine
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474:. Heimsoth was a member of the Executive Committee (Leiko) of the
306:. Homoerotic friendships between men were to serve as a nexus of "
128:. Heimsoth continued his clinical training at the Universities of
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1158:(in German). Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag. pp. 147−92.
365:. Röhm, convicted of treason following his participation in the
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Between August and November 1924 Heimsoth wrote at Rostock his
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Karlsruher Beiträge zur Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus.
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Activist and writer in the Weimar Republic (1924 to 1928)
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who believe that this kind of writing is more effective.
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120:
In the summer semester of 1919, Heimsoth began studying
72:
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Beppo Römer - Ein Leben zwischen Revolution und Nation.
903:
520:
915:
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In connection with a note on an index of the NSDAP:
891:
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Vol. 3) Universitätsverlag Konstanz, Konstanz 1998,
602:
451:
Kampfgemeinschaft Revolutionärer Nationalsozialisten
519:. In early July 1934, Heimsoth was shot dead by an
218:
Die Rolle der Erotik in der männlichen Gesellschaft
1116:(in German). Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
1059:(in German). Hamburg: MännerschwarmSkript Verlag.
488:published by Römer. The AAK was an attempt by the
453:(KGRNS), a group led by Strasser who had left the
255:. At the same time, he became an "activist of the
19:"Heimsoth" redirects here. For the historian, see
783:Karl Günther Heimsoth: "Von Kampf und Ziel", in:
545:used information from Heimsoth in his 1931 novel
343:from the frigate captain Friedrich Schwickert in
1288:Nazis killed during the Night of the Long Knives
1174:
444:
1034:
1008:Jahre der Okkupation. April 1945-Dezember 1948
238:and attraction between homosexual males from
1298:Executed communists in the German Resistance
1142:(in German). pp. 329–42. Archived from
1040:(in German). Munich: Fink. pp. 111–28.
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401:Röhm's Letter to Heimsoth of 3 December 1928
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336:, Freikorps members, and secret societies".
327:
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1248:People from Berlin executed by Nazi Germany
1138:. In Kotowsky, E.V.; Schoeps, J.H. (eds.).
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991:
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551:("Knights of the German Night"), about the
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1208:People executed by Nazi Germany by firearm
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16:German physician, polygraph and politician
1283:Nazis executed by Nazi Germany by firearm
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673:The biographical dates are derived from:
657:
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557:. The character of homosexual lieutenant
859:, p. 170 ss.) See also: Herbert Linder:
515:report indicates continued contact with
1095:Der Nachrichtendienst der KPD 1919−1937
1258:People from the Province of Westphalia
1203:Communist Party of Germany politicians
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1111:
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804:of 22 June 1927, which can be read at
257:first homosexual emancipation movement
357:Relationship with Röhm (1928 to 1934)
211:("Sex and Character") and in 1919 by
73:Early life and studies (1919 to 1924)
1243:German Army personnel of World War I
361:In 1928, Heimsoth wrote a letter to
1097:(in German). Berlin: Dietz Verlag.
1078:(in German). Paderborn: Schöningh.
339:From 1925 to 1928 Heimsoth learned
93:, where in June 1917 he passed his
13:
1055:Hergemöller, Bernd-Ulrich (1998).
480:(AAK) focused around the magazine
259:", but distanced himself from the
77:Karl-Günther Heimsoth was born in
14:
1309:
274:Freundesliebe oder Homosexualität
261:Scientific-Humanitarian Committee
89:director. His youth was spent in
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1193:20th-century Freikorps personnel
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973:Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1991,
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800:The speech in the Reichstag of
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578:, Dortmund 1924. (Dissertation)
56:. Heimsoth was a member of the
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758:, 1925, p. 415-425. Quoted in
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688:entry of Karl-Günther Heimsoth
680:
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422:, Wilhelm Abegg, informed the
376:Geschichte eines Hochverräters
1:
1238:German LGBTQ rights activists
598:
445:Departure from the Nazi Party
289:in 1925, Heimsoth showed his
113:- finishing with the rank of
1278:University of Rostock alumni
1273:Physicians in the Nazi Party
1131:zur Nieden, Susanne (2004).
1074:Jellonnek, Burkhard (1990).
449:In 1930 Heimsoth joined the
373:. Excerpts from Röhm's book
7:
566:
383:was being discussed in the
10:
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1198:Businesspeople from Berlin
787:, 1925, p. 527. Quoted in
563:is a tribute to Heimsoth.
468:Communist Party of Germany
101:. He then enlisted in the
62:Communist Party of Germany
18:
1253:Politicians from Dortmund
548:Reiter in deutscher Nacht
347:. Heimsoth's publication
177:"), which was devoted to
1112:Moreau, Patrick (1985).
525:Night of the Long Knives
208:Geschlecht und Charakter
109:, being deployed on the
1268:Prussian Army personnel
818:The assumption is from
718:, Vol. 2, 2000, p. 285.
367:Munich Beer Hall Putsch
263:that had formed around
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692:Rostock Matrikelportal
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126:University of Tübingen
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496:under the command of
393:
369:, had quarreled with
223:eroticism between men
31:Karl-Guenter Heimsoth
27:Karl-Günther Heimsoth
1149:on 30 December 2013.
958:Kaufmann et al. 1993
946:Kaufmann et al. 1993
934:Kaufmann et al. 1993
466:Heimsoth joined the
807:Reichstagsprotokoll
152:as a member of the
886:Flight from Terror
660:, p. 64). In
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236:sexual orientation
150:Silesian Uprisings
33:(4 December 1899,
992:Hergemöller (1998
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662:Hergemöller (1998
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