162:
126:
292:
537:
335:, again to Nishapur. Shortly after Nishapur, at Qasr al-Rih ("Castle of the Wind"), the road divided again into two branches leading southwest and northeast. The southwestern branch led to
320:
248:. On most of these localities, the Muslim geographers record the presence of remnants of Sasanian palaces. From Kirmanshah the road continued to
74:
Archaeological findings suggest the road was in regular use in the 3rd millennium BC, connecting
Central Asia with Mesopotamia. During the
150:
refer to it and give distances along its various stretches in their works. The road began at the
Khurasan Gate on the eastern side of the
494:"Iran and Central Asia: The Grand'Route of Khorasan (Great Khorasan Road) during the third millennium BC and the "dark stone" artefacts"
344:
415:, while another branch led west to Bukhara and Samarkand. From Amul, another branch also led along the southern bank of the Oxus to
176:
which passed through it. In the
Abbasid period it was prosperous, but was abandoned and fell in ruin when the road moved north to
754:
553:
505:
138:
The
Khurasan Road is possibly the best documented of the roads of the Abbasid realm; not only is it described in detail by
770:
The Lands of the
Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur
822:
807:
240:
and the village of
Khushan. Then followed Tazar or Qasr Yazid and al-Zubaydiya, where the road turned east towards
172:
The first settlement after
Baghdad was Nahrawan or Jisr Nahrawan ("Bridge of Nahrawan"), named after the great
264:. The road was the main lifeline of Qumis, and most of the province's towns were located along its course:
827:
817:
797:
802:
184:
after the
Khurasan Road. The next town was known in Arabic as Daskarah al-Malik ("Daskara of the
129:
Map of the
Khurasan Road from Baghdad to Rayy, according to Ibn Khordadbeh, with distances in
151:
55:
498:
The
Iranian Plateau During the Bronze Age: Development of Urbanisation, Production and Trade
268:, Qasr or Qariyat al-Milh (the "Salt Castle"), Ras al-Kalb ("Dog's Head", identifiable with
489:
324:
300:
143:
8:
493:
161:
768:
125:
812:
428:
348:
245:
299:
After entering Khurasan, the road divided in two: a northern branch, also called the "
236:. The road continued to Madharustan and finally exited the Hulwan pass at the town of
832:
774:
750:
549:
501:
75:
51:
460:
265:
229:
119:
63:
40:
744:
541:
448:
424:
399:. From Marw al-Rudh a branch led south to Herat, while another went northeast to
32:
837:
764:
261:
237:
173:
147:
91:
388:
791:
740:
316:
107:
778:
380:
273:
201:
44:
36:
291:
281:
225:
209:
28:
465:
408:
384:
241:
217:
177:
139:
79:
24:
470:
436:
432:
396:
368:
364:
315:, and a shorter southern branch or "post road" along the edge of the
288:. Near Bistam, at the village of Badhash, the road entered Khurasan.
257:
193:
189:
155:
103:
359:. The northeastern branch of the main road led from Qasr al-Rih via
548:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 61â62.
444:
420:
416:
356:
332:
312:
205:
158:, and exited the city at the second Khurasan Gate of East Baghdad.
111:
95:
694:
658:
546:
EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica, Volume V/1: Carpets XVâCÌehel SotĆ«n, Isfahan
439:. There the road divided again, with one branch leading north to
412:
404:
392:
372:
360:
339:, from where it branched out further, with roads leading east to
328:
308:
277:
269:
249:
131:
115:
59:
407:, whence it branched out to various roads into the districts of
383:. From Marw the Great the road continued to the crossing of the
352:
304:
285:
221:
213:
197:
718:
447:, and the other east to the upper course of the Jaxartes, the
682:
634:
440:
400:
336:
253:
233:
185:
99:
622:
574:
376:
340:
295:
Map of Khurasan and Transoxiana in the early Islamic period
610:
598:
706:
670:
646:
746:
From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire
165:
Map of the road from Ray to Nishapur, with distances in
78:
period, the road constituted the eastern segment of the
586:
519:
517:
562:
200:, near which a large Sasanian-era bridge crossed the
142:, but most other medieval Muslim geographers such as
514:
98:
and terminated at the Central Asian city of Bactra (
260:, and from there passed east into the province of
789:
216:", named after the wife of the Sasanian shah
763:
724:
712:
700:
688:
676:
664:
652:
640:
628:
616:
604:
592:
580:
568:
500:. ArchĂ©ologie(s). MOM Ăditions: 247â266.
488:
290:
180:. The surrounding district was known as
160:
124:
535:
423:. From Samarkand, the road crossed the
208:, also the site of a major bridge, and
790:
739:
523:
122:connected Bactra to the Indus Valley.
773:. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc.
403:and, likewise crossing the Oxus, to
90:The Achaemenid road began from the
13:
62:with the northeastern province of
50:It is very well-documented in the
14:
849:
244:across the plain of Mayidasht or
280:, al-Haddadah ("the Forge") or
529:
482:
1:
476:
435:, east of the local capital,
110:(modern Tang-e Sar-e Darra),
443:and the lower course of the
7:
454:
188:"), and is identified with
102:), passing through Rhagae (
10:
854:
733:
69:
54:period, when it connected
16:Historical highway in Asia
536:Hansman, John H. (1990).
85:
823:Medieval history of Iraq
808:Medieval history of Iran
703:, pp. 430â431, 472.
667:, pp. 364, 367â368.
427:and led to the town of
58:of the capital city of
296:
228:plain and entered the
169:
135:
490:Francfort, Henri-Paul
294:
164:
128:
21:(Great) Khurasan Road
727:, pp. 475, 488.
232:and the province of
224:, the road left the
691:, pp. 430â431.
643:, pp. 191â192.
631:, pp. 63, 191.
583:, pp. 12, 85.
303:road", leading to
297:
256:, turned north to
170:
136:
828:Achaemenid Empire
818:Medieval Khorasan
798:Abbasid Caliphate
756:978-1-57506-120-7
619:, pp. 62â63.
607:, pp. 59â61.
555:978-0-939214-66-2
507:978-2-35668-177-5
492:(19 March 2020).
307:, and thence via
212:, the "Castle of
144:Qudama ibn Ja'far
845:
803:Historical roads
782:
760:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
626:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
559:
542:Yarshater, Ehsan
533:
527:
521:
512:
511:
486:
461:Great Trunk Road
230:Zagros Mountains
196:. Then followed
182:áčŹarÄ«q-i-KhurÄsÄn
120:Grand Trunk Road
94:capital city of
853:
852:
848:
847:
846:
844:
843:
842:
788:
787:
765:Le Strange, Guy
757:
749:. Eisenbrauns.
736:
731:
725:Le Strange 1905
723:
719:
713:Le Strange 1905
711:
707:
701:Le Strange 1905
699:
695:
689:Le Strange 1905
687:
683:
677:Le Strange 1905
675:
671:
665:Le Strange 1905
663:
659:
653:Le Strange 1905
651:
647:
641:Le Strange 1905
639:
635:
629:Le Strange 1905
627:
623:
617:Le Strange 1905
615:
611:
605:Le Strange 1905
603:
599:
593:Le Strange 1905
591:
587:
581:Le Strange 1905
579:
575:
569:Le Strange 1905
567:
563:
556:
538:"CASPIAN GATES"
534:
530:
522:
515:
508:
487:
483:
479:
457:
449:Ferghana Valley
88:
72:
33:Iranian Plateau
17:
12:
11:
5:
851:
841:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
784:
783:
761:
755:
741:Briant, Pierre
735:
732:
730:
729:
717:
715:, p. 472.
705:
693:
681:
679:, p. 430.
669:
657:
655:, p. 228.
645:
633:
621:
609:
597:
585:
573:
561:
554:
528:
526:, p. 358.
513:
506:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
468:
463:
456:
453:
377:Marw the Great
174:Nahrawan Canal
148:Ibn Khordadbeh
87:
84:
71:
68:
35:and thence to
23:was the great
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
850:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
793:
786:
780:
776:
772:
771:
766:
762:
758:
752:
748:
747:
742:
738:
737:
726:
721:
714:
709:
702:
697:
690:
685:
678:
673:
666:
661:
654:
649:
642:
637:
630:
625:
618:
613:
606:
601:
595:, p. 31.
594:
589:
582:
577:
570:
565:
557:
551:
547:
543:
539:
532:
525:
520:
518:
509:
503:
499:
495:
491:
485:
481:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:Dasht-e Kavir
314:
310:
306:
302:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
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231:
227:
223:
219:
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211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
168:
163:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
134:
133:
127:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:Caspian Gates
105:
101:
97:
93:
83:
81:
77:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
785:
769:
745:
720:
708:
696:
684:
672:
660:
648:
636:
624:
612:
600:
588:
576:
571:, p. 9.
564:
545:
531:
497:
484:
381:Marw al-Rudh
319:desert, via
298:
226:Mesopotamian
202:Diyala River
181:
171:
166:
137:
130:
89:
73:
49:
45:Indus Valley
37:Central Asia
20:
18:
524:Briant 2002
451:and China.
425:Sughd River
282:Mihman-Dust
210:Qasr Sjirin
29:Mesopotamia
27:connecting
792:Categories
477:References
466:Royal Road
409:Saghaniyan
391:and on to
385:Oxus River
325:Bahmanabad
242:Kirmanshah
218:Khosrow II
152:Round City
140:Ibn Rustah
80:Royal Road
76:Achaemenid
43:, and the
25:trunk road
813:Silk Road
471:Silk Road
437:Bunjikath
433:Usrushana
397:Samarkand
351:south to
343:, or via
246:Mahidasht
194:Dastagird
190:Sassanian
156:al-Mansur
833:Ecbatana
767:(1905).
743:(2002).
455:See also
445:Jaxartes
421:Aral Sea
419:and the
417:Khwarizm
369:Mazdaran
357:Sijistan
333:Sabzivar
321:Asadabad
313:Nishapur
206:Khaniqin
167:farsakhs
132:farsakhs
112:Hyrcania
96:Ecbatana
82:system.
64:Khurasan
56:the core
779:1044046
734:Sources
544:(ed.).
413:Khuttal
405:Tirmidh
393:Bukhara
373:Sarakhs
361:Mashhad
345:Asfuzar
329:Mazinan
309:Azadvar
301:caravan
278:Damghan
270:Lasgird
250:Hamadan
178:Ba'quba
116:Parthia
106:), the
70:History
60:Baghdad
52:Abbasid
31:to the
777:
753:
552:
504:
371:, and
353:Zaranj
331:, and
305:Jajarm
286:Bistam
284:, and
274:Samnan
266:Khuwar
238:Kirind
222:Hulwan
214:Shirin
204:, and
198:Jalula
118:. The
114:, and
92:Median
86:Course
838:Balkh
540:. In
441:Shash
429:Zamin
401:Balkh
349:Farah
337:Herat
262:Qumis
254:Sivah
234:Jibal
220:. At
192:-era
100:Balkh
41:China
775:OCLC
751:ISBN
550:ISBN
502:ISBN
411:and
395:and
389:Amul
379:and
347:and
341:Ghur
258:Rayy
252:and
186:King
146:and
19:The
431:in
387:at
375:to
365:Tus
355:in
327:or
311:to
272:),
154:of
104:Rey
794::
516:^
496:.
367:,
363:,
323:,
276:,
66:.
47:.
39:,
781:.
759:.
558:.
510:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
