1487:
560:
37:
1478:
whom neither consolation nor mercy can be found; we left our dear fatherland, and if God the Lord were not our comfort we would perish in our misery." For the next two years, the united tribes harassed settlers throughout New
Netherland. The sparse colonial forces were helpless to stop the attacks, but the Indians were too spread out to mount more effective strikes. The two sides finally agreed to a truce when the last of the 69 united tribes joined in August 1645.
111:
155:
102:
1465:
years earlier. The
Indians destroyed villages and farms, the work of two decades of settlement, and Dutch forces killed 500 Weckquaesgeek Indians that winter in retaliation. New Amsterdam became crowded with destitute refugees, and the colonists increasingly resisted Kieft's rule. They flouted paying
1349:, killing several people. The Raritan band retaliated by burning down de Vries' farmhouse and killing four of his employees, so Kieft offered bounty payments to rival tribes for the heads of Raritans. Colonists later determined that de Vries' pigs had been stolen by other colonists. In August 1641, a
1506:
was lifted, after a great offense which devasted the
Indians. However, the Indian attacks caused many settlers to return to Europe, The Dutch West India Company correctly blamed Kieft for the war, and the dead settlers. They recalled Kieft to the Netherlands in 1647 to answer for his conduct, but he
1384:
The
Indians were far more numerous than the colonists and could easily take reprisals against their lives and property. They also supplied the furs and pelts that were the economic lifeblood of the colony. The council sought to dissuade Kieft from war, and they began to advise him on other matters,
1477:
The colonists wrote letters to the directors of the Dutch West India
Company and the Dutch Republic requesting intervention, but they produced no result. Many then banded together to formally petition for the removal of Kieft, writing: "We sit here among thousands of wild and barbarian people, in
1426:
Infants were torn from their mother's breasts and hacked to pieces in the presence of their parents, and pieces thrown into the fire and in the water, and other sucklings, being bound to small boards, were cut, stuck, and pierced, and miserably massacred in a manner to move a heart of stone. Some
1401:
Indians in the north had driven them south the year before, armed with guns traded by French and
English colonists, and the Tappans sought protection by the Dutch. Kieft refused aid despite the company's previous guarantees to the tribes to provide it. The refugees made camp at
1380:
colony. The council was alarmed about the consequences of Kieft's proposed crusade, as they had lived in peace with the
Indians for nearly two decades, and they rejected his proposal to massacre the Weckquaesgeek village if the villagers refused to produce the Swits murderer.
1385:
using the new
Council to carry the interests of colonists to the corporate rulers. They called for establishing a permanent representative body to manage local affairs, and Kieft responded by dissolving the council and issuing a decree forbidding them to meet or assemble.
1327:
and the other settlements of the Hudson Valley had developed beyond company towns into a growing colony. In 1640, the
Company surrendered its trade monopoly on the colony and declared New Netherland a free-trade zone, and Kieft was suddenly governor of a booming economy.
1336:
Kieft's first plan to reduce costs was to solicit tribute payments from the tribes living in the region. Long-time colonists warned him against this course, but he pursued it, nonetheless. Tribal chiefs rejected the idea. Pigs were stolen from the farm of
1388:
Kieft sent a punitive expedition to attack the village of the Indian who had murdered Swits, but the militia got lost. He then accepted the peace offerings of
Weckquaesgeek elders. He then launched an attack on camps of refugee Weckquaesgeek and
1244:, who had ordered an attack without the approval of his advisory council and against the wishes of the colonists. Dutch colonists attacked Lenape camps and massacred the inhabitants, which encouraged unification among the regional
1559:
1033:
1438:
Historians differ on whether Kieft had planned such a massacre or a more contained raid, but all sources agree that he rewarded the soldiers for their deeds. The attacks united the
620:
1256:
succeeded him in New Netherland. Numerous Dutch settlers returned to the Netherlands because of the continuing threat from the Algonquians, and growth slowed in the colony.
1427:
were thrown into the river, and when the fathers and mothers endeavored to save them, the soldiers would not let them come on land but made both parents and children drown.
1268:
appointed Kieft as a director without evident experience or qualifications for the job; he might have been established through family political connections. He arrived in
1823:
1470:, who recruited militia on Long Island to go against the Indians there and in Connecticut. His forces killed more than 1,000 Indians, including 500 to 700 in the
1248:
tribes against the Dutch and precipitated waves of attacks on both sides. This was one of the earliest conflicts between settlers and Indians in the region. The
1323:. The Dutch West India Company ran the settlement chiefly for trading, with the director-general exercising unchecked corporate authority backed by soldiers.
1984:
613:
214:
704:
1892:
Jaap Jacobs and Louis Roper (2014). "8: "In Such a Far Distant Land, Separated from All the Friends": Why Were the Dutch in New Netherland?".
1068:
606:
1994:
1372:
The colonists resisted Kieft's Indian initiatives, so he tried to use the Swits incident to build popular support for war. He created the
2034:
1158:
1979:
1974:
1133:
1098:
1083:
1078:
1369:
had been drinking alcohol at a trading post when a conflict arose over a missing coat which ended in the death of the post's foreman.
586:
1486:
2029:
2024:
2019:
1999:
1539:
1053:
754:
1866:
1808:
1781:
179:
1422:
on February 25, 1643, and killed 120 Indians, including women and children. De Vries described the events in his journal:
1353:
Indian killed Claes Swits, an elderly Swiss immigrant who ran a public house frequented by settlers and Indians alike in
1195:
679:
518:
1901:
1143:
986:
447:
1839:
1502:
The outcome is regarded as favourable to the Dutch since the colony's safety was eventually assured, and the siege of
2014:
2009:
2004:
1876:
1849:
1671:
1569:
1190:
1185:
1108:
1093:
1088:
946:
966:
941:
799:
221:
899:
1300:(1636-1638), which eased the way for the English to take over the northern reaches of New Netherland along the
1205:
1043:
1038:
1028:
1018:
971:
919:
884:
859:
824:
819:
724:
1252:
was displeased with Kieft and recalled him, but he died in a shipwreck while returning to the Netherlands;
1013:
829:
779:
579:
252:
242:
1587:
1308:
had been director-general of New Netherland. Still, he left two weeks before Kieft's arrival to establish
991:
874:
794:
378:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1358:
1237:
1200:
1003:
869:
684:
674:
669:
297:
1432:
709:
247:
237:
1462:
1338:
1273:
1265:
1249:
956:
951:
809:
789:
1949:
1989:
1419:
1123:
1023:
914:
909:
894:
834:
774:
769:
719:
659:
572:
428:
363:
343:
1467:
1458:
981:
924:
759:
734:
664:
482:
458:
373:
338:
333:
1922:
1918:"Journal of New Netherland 1647. Written in the Years 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, and 1646"
1798:
1354:
844:
804:
764:
749:
714:
631:
551:
408:
1771:
1471:
1073:
1008:
889:
879:
854:
784:
694:
423:
163:
28:
8:
1453:
In late 1643, a force of 1,500 Indians invaded New Netherland and killed many, including
1289:
1128:
929:
699:
398:
393:
388:
1954:
1439:
1245:
1175:
976:
744:
654:
490:
413:
123:
1756:
1897:
1872:
1845:
1804:
1777:
1667:
1565:
1301:
849:
814:
403:
323:
282:
1800:
A Most Pernicious Thing: Gun Trading and Native Warfare in the Early Contact Period
1515:
as his successor, and he managed New Netherland until it was ceded to the English.
1512:
1366:
1362:
1253:
1163:
961:
729:
649:
527:
506:
358:
308:
277:
71:
1494:
with an Algonquian Chief after the war at New Amsterdam, 1645. The bystanders are
1529:
1454:
1313:
1281:
1277:
1118:
1113:
1103:
864:
739:
689:
466:
383:
318:
1495:
1466:
new taxes that he ordered, and many people began to leave by ship. Kieft hired
1377:
1269:
1225:
1180:
1153:
1148:
1058:
272:
267:
232:
205:
131:
105:
559:
1943:
1503:
1398:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1324:
1293:
313:
114:
67:
63:
36:
1450:
The Dutch began to greatly further arm the Mohawk in 1643 as their allies.
1390:
1320:
1305:
1241:
598:
498:
474:
348:
262:
158:
1524:
1407:
904:
418:
368:
287:
257:
1491:
1403:
1373:
1309:
1297:
532:
353:
328:
75:
1564:(E-book ed.). Encyclopaedia Britannica, Incorporated. p. 8.
1697:
1639:
1534:
1229:
1048:
537:
135:
110:
1917:
1868:
Profiles in Folly History's Worst Decisions and Why They Went Wrong
1138:
1063:
542:
127:
1376:
to advise him, and it was the first popularly elected body in the
1508:
1394:
1312:
in the poorly developed southern reaches of the colony along the
1285:
438:
1236:
Indians in what is now New York and New Jersey. It is named for
1431:
About 40 were killed in a similar attack the same night in the
1233:
139:
1773:
Native People, Native Lands: Canadian Indians, Inuit and Metis
1393:
on February 23, 1643, two weeks after dissolving the council.
154:
101:
16:
Conflict in 1643-45 between Dutch colonists and Lenape Indians
1891:
1583:
1581:
1841:
Almanac of American Military History [4 Volumes]
1578:
1418:
Colonists from New Netherland descended on the camps at
1844:(Hardcover ed.). Bloomsbury Academic. p. 79.
1691:
1689:
1894:
The Worlds of the Seventeenth-Century Hudson Valley
1224:, was a conflict between the colonial province of
1739:
1686:
1658:
1656:
1941:
1871:(E-book ed.). Union Square & Company.
1754:
1557:
1319:New Netherland had begun to flourish along the
143:Other Indians of the northern Atlantic seacoast
1653:
41:Massacre of Native Americans by Dutch settlers
1695:
1637:
1619:, Riverhead books (Penguin) 2008, pp. 166–196
614:
580:
1442:in the surrounding areas against the Dutch.
628:
1606:, Vintage Books (Random House) 2004, p. 113
621:
607:
587:
573:
35:
1985:Military history of the Thirteen Colonies
1485:
1864:
1825:Dutch Culture in a European Perspective
1757:"New Netherland and Stuyvesant 1642-64"
1558:Britannica Inc., Encyclopaedia (2014).
1942:
1885:
1837:
1540:List of conflicts in the United States
1292:Indians had defeated the Dutch-allied
1796:
1604:The Island at the Center of the World
602:
1748:
1995:Pre-statehood history of New Jersey
1910:
1769:
1445:
1413:
1341:, so Kieft sent soldiers to raid a
13:
2035:Battles involving Native Americans
558:
448:Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions
14:
2046:
1980:Colonial American and Indian wars
1975:Wars involving the Dutch Republic
1593:, (published online, 26 Aug 2006)
1744:. New Jersey Historical Society.
1742:Revisiting the Attack on Pavonia
1726:Henry Cruise Murhy (Translator)
153:
109:
100:
1858:
1831:
1817:
1803:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
1790:
1776:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
1763:
1733:
1720:
1711:
1674:(Hope Farm Press, 3rd ed, 2001)
1664:Indian Tribes of Hudson's River
1561:Britannica Student Encyclopedia
1357:. Another incident occurred at
1220:(1643–1645), also known as the
53:February 23, 1643 - August 1645
1683:Shorto, p. 121-120 for Council
1677:
1631:
1622:
1609:
1596:
1551:
1331:
1:
2030:1645 in the Thirteen Colonies
2025:1644 in the Thirteen Colonies
2020:1643 in the Thirteen Colonies
2000:Massacres of Native Americans
1730:, 149, cited in Shorto p. 124
1590:Governor Kieft's Personal War
1545:
1259:
1159:Lombok and Karangasem (1894)
7:
1797:Given, Brian James (1994).
1728:Vertoogh van Nieu Nederland
1518:
1511:, Wales. The company named
10:
2051:
1740:Winkler, David F. (1998).
1481:
1770:Cox, Bruce Alden (1988).
1507:died in a shipwreck near
1433:Massacre at Corlears Hook
642:
186:
169:
147:
94:
45:
34:
26:
21:
2015:1645 in the Dutch Empire
2010:1644 in the Dutch Empire
2005:1643 in the Dutch Empire
1838:Tucker, Spencer (2012).
1755:Beck, Sanderson (2006).
1463:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1457:, a chief figure in the
1339:David Pietersz. de Vries
1274:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1266:Dutch West India Company
1250:Dutch West India Company
910:South Africa (1659-1677)
905:New Netherland (1659–63)
840:New Netherland (1643–45)
633:Dutch colonial conflicts
519:People of New Netherland
62:Vicinity of present-day
1490:Willem Kieft smoking a
1361:along the banks of the
680:Banda Islands (1609–21)
1865:Axelrod, Alan (2021).
1696:Sultzman, Lee (1997).
1638:Sultzman, Lee (1997).
1499:
1468:Captain John Underhill
1459:Antinomian Controversy
1429:
885:2nd Recife (1652-1654)
563:
483:Sebastiaen Jansen Krol
459:Cornelius Jacobsen May
148:Commanders and leaders
1923:World Digital Library
1489:
1424:
1410:and lower Manhattan.
1374:Council of Twelve Men
1355:Turtle Bay, Manhattan
972:Sri Lanka (1764-1766)
920:Sri Lanka (1670-1670)
562:
552:Flushing Remonstrance
187:Casualties and losses
1498:citizens and natives
1472:Pound Ridge Massacre
1365:. Settlers and some
1134:Gold Coast (1869–70)
765:Liuqiu Island (1636)
695:Pescadores (1622–24)
29:American Indian Wars
1698:"Wappinger History"
1640:"Wappinger History"
1617:The Wordy Shipmates
1461:which ruptured the
1272:in April 1638. The
1206:Indonesia (1946–49)
1201:Indonesia (1941–45)
1094:Palembang (1851–59)
900:Malabar (1658-1663)
710:Persian Gulf (1625)
665:Cape Rachado (1606)
248:Fort Nassau (South)
238:Fort Nassau (North)
192:Fewer then 100 dead
1628:Shorto, p.118-120.
1588:Walter Giersbach,
1500:
1440:Algonquian peoples
1240:of New Netherland
1129:Pasoemah (1864–68)
1099:Montrado (1854–55)
1009:Cape Colony (1806)
992:Cape Colony (1795)
890:2nd Colombo (1654)
860:Philippines (1646)
835:Cambodia (1643–44)
770:Porto Calvo (1637)
750:Liaoluo Bay (1633)
564:
491:Wouter van Twiller
439:The Patroon System
1970:Conflicts in 1645
1965:Conflicts in 1644
1960:Conflicts in 1643
1810:978-0-88629-223-2
1783:978-0-88629-062-7
1602:Shorto, Russell,
1302:Connecticut River
1214:
1213:
1049:Sumatra (1821–37)
987:Gold Coast (1782)
875:Guararapes (1649)
870:Guararapes (1648)
780:Vietnam (1637–43)
730:Batavia (1628–29)
675:Mozambique (1608)
670:Mozambique (1607)
597:
596:
283:Fort Nya Korsholm
199:
198:
90:
89:
2042:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1835:
1829:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1693:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1662:Ruttenber,E.M.,
1660:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1555:
1513:Peter Stuyvesant
1446:Two years of war
1414:Pavonia Massacre
1363:Hackensack River
1254:Peter Stuyvesant
1238:Director-General
1196:Venezuela (1908)
1144:Mandor (1884–85)
1139:Aceh (1873–1913)
1119:Borneo (1859–63)
1074:Ahanta (1837–39)
1044:Palembang (1821)
1039:Palembang (1819)
915:Taiwan (1661–62)
800:Itamaracá (1640)
755:Taiwan (1635–36)
637:
636:
634:
623:
616:
609:
600:
599:
589:
582:
575:
528:New Netherlander
507:Peter Stuyvesant
399:Nieuw Amersfoort
319:Rensselaerswijck
278:Fort Beversreede
209:
201:
200:
157:
113:
104:
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2039:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1768:
1764:
1753:
1749:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1661:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1615:Vowell, Sarah,
1614:
1610:
1601:
1597:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1530:Maryn Adriansen
1521:
1484:
1455:Anne Hutchinson
1448:
1416:
1378:New Netherlands
1334:
1314:Delaware Valley
1282:Saybrook Colony
1278:Plymouth Colony
1262:
1215:
1210:
1164:Pedir (1897–98)
1124:Japan (1863–64)
1019:Moluccas (1810)
952:India (1739–41)
845:India (1644-45)
795:Mormugão (1639)
790:Salvador (1638)
745:Abrolhos (1631)
715:Salvador (1625)
700:Salvador (1624)
638:
632:
630:
629:
627:
593:
467:Willem Verhulst
433:
314:Nieuw Amsterdam
292:
253:Fort Goede Hoop
204:
164:Shawanórõckquot
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
108:
78:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1990:New Netherland
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1937:
1936:
1909:
1903:978-1438450971
1902:
1896:. SUNY Press.
1884:
1877:
1857:
1850:
1830:
1816:
1809:
1789:
1782:
1762:
1747:
1732:
1719:
1717:Shorto, p. 123
1710:
1685:
1676:
1652:
1630:
1621:
1608:
1595:
1577:
1570:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1496:New Netherland
1483:
1480:
1447:
1444:
1415:
1412:
1333:
1330:
1270:New Netherland
1261:
1258:
1226:New Netherland
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1181:Bone (1905–06)
1178:
1176:Kerinci (1903)
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1114:Bone (1858–59)
1111:
1106:
1104:Nias (1855–64)
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1064:Java (1825–30)
1061:
1059:Bone (1824–25)
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1029:Algiers (1816)
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:Java (1806–07)
1011:
1006:
1004:Surinam (1804)
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
967:Java (1749–57)
964:
959:
957:Java (1741–43)
954:
949:
947:Java (1719–23)
944:
942:Java (1704–07)
933:
932:
930:Java (1674–80)
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
850:Tabocas (1645)
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
810:Malacca (1641)
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
660:Malacca (1606)
657:
655:Amboina (1605)
652:
643:
640:
639:
626:
625:
618:
611:
603:
595:
594:
592:
591:
584:
577:
569:
566:
565:
555:
554:
548:
547:
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
522:
521:
515:
514:
513:
512:
504:
496:
488:
480:
472:
464:
453:
452:
451:
450:
442:
441:
435:
434:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
305:
302:
301:
294:
293:
291:
290:
285:
280:
275:
273:Fort Wilhelmus
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
233:Fort Amsterdam
229:
226:
225:
222:Fortifications
218:
217:
211:
210:
206:New Netherland
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
184:
183:
176:
172:
171:
167:
166:
161:
150:
149:
145:
144:
117:
106:New Netherland
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2047:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1878:9781402798825
1874:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1851:9781598845303
1847:
1843:
1842:
1834:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1714:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1680:
1673:
1672:0-910746-98-2
1669:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1641:
1634:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1571:9781625131720
1567:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1504:New Amsterdam
1497:
1493:
1488:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:Weckquaesgeek
1348:
1347:Staten Island
1344:
1340:
1329:
1326:
1325:New Amsterdam
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1288:Indians, and
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Wappinger War
1219:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:Borneo (1823)
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
982:Ceylon (1782)
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:Penfui (1749)
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
895:Mannar (1658)
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
880:Taiwan (1652)
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Brazil (1645)
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
825:Taiwan (1642)
823:
821:
820:Taiwan (1641)
818:
816:
815:Luanda (1641)
813:
811:
808:
806:
805:Ceylon (1640)
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
775:Elmina (1637)
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
760:Brazil (1636)
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
735:Recife (1630)
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
720:Elmina (1625)
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
705:Luanda (1624)
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
650:Bantam (1601)
648:
647:
646:
641:
635:
624:
619:
617:
612:
610:
605:
604:
601:
590:
585:
583:
578:
576:
571:
570:
568:
567:
561:
557:
556:
553:
550:
549:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
523:
520:
517:
516:
511:
508:
505:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
487:
484:
481:
479:
476:
473:
471:
468:
465:
463:
460:
457:
456:
455:
454:
449:
446:
445:
444:
443:
440:
437:
436:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Nieuw Utrecht
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
324:Nieuw Haarlem
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
309:Noten Eylandt
307:
306:
304:
303:
299:
296:
295:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
228:
227:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
194:
191:
190:
185:
181:
178:Around 1,500
177:
174:
173:
168:
165:
162:
160:
156:
152:
151:
146:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
116:
115:Mohawk people
112:
107:
103:
99:
98:
93:
86:Dutch victory
85:
82:
81:
77:
73:
69:
68:Staten Island
65:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1928:. Retrieved
1921:
1912:
1893:
1887:
1867:
1860:
1840:
1833:
1824:
1819:
1799:
1792:
1772:
1765:
1750:
1741:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1713:
1703:November 23,
1701:. Retrieved
1679:
1663:
1643:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1598:
1589:
1560:
1553:
1501:
1476:
1452:
1449:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1387:
1383:
1371:
1335:
1321:Hudson River
1318:
1306:Peter Minuit
1294:Pequot tribe
1290:Narragansett
1263:
1242:Willem Kieft
1221:
1217:
1216:
1170:20th century
1169:
1168:
1149:Jambi (1885)
1034:Ambon (1817)
998:19th century
997:
996:
977:India (1781)
936:18th century
935:
934:
925:India (1673)
865:Kombi (1647)
839:
830:Chile (1643)
740:Jambi (1630)
690:Macau (1622)
685:Johor (1613)
645:17th century
644:
509:
501:
499:Willem Kieft
493:
485:
477:
475:Peter Minuit
469:
461:
424:Nieuw Amstel
349:Vriessendael
263:Fort Casimir
159:Willem Kieft
120:Main tribes:
119:
95:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1950:Kieft's War
1926:. 1641–1647
1525:Esopus Wars
1408:Jersey City
1367:Hackensacks
1345:village on
1332:Skirmishing
1296:during the
1218:Kieft's War
1191:Bali (1908)
1186:Bali (1906)
1109:Bali (1858)
1089:Bali (1849)
1084:Bali (1848)
1079:Bali (1846)
1069:Aceh (1831)
1024:Java (1811)
725:Cuba (1628)
419:Swaanendael
369:Colen Donck
298:Settlements
268:Fort Altena
243:Fort Orange
215:Exploration
22:Kieft's War
1944:Categories
1930:2013-08-01
1546:References
1492:peace pipe
1404:Communipaw
1359:Achter Kol
1310:New Sweden
1298:Pequot War
1260:Background
1246:Algonquian
1154:Edi (1890)
785:Goa (1638)
533:Twelve Men
429:Nieuw Dorp
394:Breuckelen
389:Gravesende
364:Oude Dorpe
359:Vlissingen
354:Achter Col
329:Beverwijck
288:De Rondout
195:1,600 dead
124:Algonquian
76:New Jersey
72:Hackensack
1955:Wappinger
1535:Peach War
1230:Wappinger
538:Eight Men
510:(1647–64)
502:(1638–47)
494:(1633–38)
486:(1632–33)
478:(1626–32)
470:(1625–26)
462:(1620–25)
379:Heemstede
374:Greenwich
136:Wappinger
1828:, p. 56]
1519:See also
1228:and the
543:Nine Men
384:Rustdorp
334:Wiltwijk
182:warriors
170:Strength
132:Raritans
128:Mohicans
64:New York
58:Location
1645:July 5,
1509:Swansea
1482:Outcome
1420:Pavonia
1395:Mahican
1343:Raritan
1286:Mohegan
414:Boswijk
404:Midwout
344:Pavonia
175:Unknown
1900:
1875:
1848:
1807:
1780:
1670:
1568:
1399:Mohawk
1391:Tappan
1234:Lenape
339:Bergen
258:De Wal
208:series
180:Indian
140:Lenape
83:Result
70:, and
1898:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1778:ISBN
1705:2009
1668:ISBN
1647:2006
1566:ISBN
1397:and
1264:The
1232:and
50:Date
1406:in
1946::
1920:.
1688:^
1666:,
1655:^
1580:^
1474:.
1435:.
1316:.
1304:.
1284:,
1280:,
1276:,
74:,
66:,
1933:.
1906:.
1881:.
1854:.
1813:.
1786:.
1759:.
1707:.
1649:.
1574:.
622:e
615:t
608:v
588:e
581:t
574:v
300::
224::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
