77:(Collection of Japanese Names) from 935 contains the earliest listing of the capitals of the provinces and their location. The location of the original capitals of the 8th and 9th century are not passed down.
108:) with its offices (administration, farming, finance, police and military, adjudication) and the official building complex of the kokushi, known as kokuchō
263:
223:
84:, starting in the 14th century, the functions of the kokushi were increasingly transferred to military governors or constables (
377:
262:
Ryō Kinoshita (March 1986), "古辞書類に見る国府所在郡について" [Whereabouts of Kokufu (Provincial
Capitals) Observed in The Lexicons],
135:
was occasionally found in or near the buildings of the kokuga. In these cases, their administration was also referred to as
315:(in German). Vol. Band 2: Kulturlandschaft, Wirtschaftsgroßmacht auf engem Raum. Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 69–70.
357:
320:
222:
Atsuru Yagi (March 1986), "国府の成立と構造 －文献史料からみた－" [Formation and
Structure of Kokufu (Provincial Capitals)],
175:, which held a special and diplomatic position, these capitals were relatively small. For instance, the capital of
285:
245:
382:
136:
352:, vol. 3: Medieval Japan, translated by Suzanne Gay, Cambridge University Press, p. 251,
186:
Inside or near the kokufu, there were also the most important religious sites of the province, the
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52:(645), which aimed at a centralization of the administration following the Chinese model (
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When the shugo replaced the kokushi, their administration, the shugosho
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122:), the garrison and storehouses for taxes which were paid in kind.
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196:, one each for monks and nuns as well as the highest ranked
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In the center of the kokufu lay the provincial government (
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With their square layout, the kokufu followed that of the
118:. In the periphery there was the provincial school (
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Bulletin of the
National Museum of Japanese History
230:
Bulletin of the
National Museum of Japanese History
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58:), the kokufu and with it the office of the
336:Akira Imatani (2003), Kōzō Yamamura (ed.),
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179:occupied an area of 1 km², that of
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163:, which in turn were modelled on the
28:were the capitals of the historical
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14:
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99:
90:), the provincial governments (
350:The Cambridge History of Japan
1:
378:Historical geography of Japan
338:"Muromachi local government:
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171:. However, with exception of
276:(in Japanese), p. 337,
236:(in Japanese), p. 343,
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312:Das Japanische Inselreich
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96:) lost their importance.
68:, developed in the 660s.
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309:Martin Schwind (1981).
183:850 m×850 m.
62:, replacing the older
190:provincial temples,
30:Provinces of Japan
65:Kuni no miyatsuko
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383:Capitals in Asia
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153:Capital of Japan
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82:Muromachi Period
80:When during the
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157:Fujiwara-kyō
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38:Heian period
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34:Nara period
372:Categories
210:References
203:Ichinomiya
193:kokubun-ji
282:0286-7400
242:0286-7400
161:Heijō-kyō
159:and then
32:from the
200:shrine,
188:Buddhist
169:Chang'an
167:capital
155:, first
120:kokugaku
55:ritsuryō
344:kokujin
173:Dazaifu
60:kokushi
44:History
36:to the
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198:Shinto
106:kokuga
93:kokuga
17:Kokufu
340:shugo
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228:[
137:Fuchū
87:shugo
354:ISBN
342:and
317:ISBN
278:ISSN
238:ISSN
165:Tang
71:The
130:守護所
374::
348:,
297:^
206:.
148:.
143:府中
113:国庁
40:.
23:国府
346:"
325:.
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140:(
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127:(
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110:(
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20:(
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