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social practices. A legal code was enacted, with a reformed bureaucracy and law. Nonetheless, powerful clans continue to exercise power in the imperial court and in regional governments. It would take centuries for the conceptual idea of the
Chinese-style emperor to take root in Japan. Chinese civilization, including its art, philosophy, literature and architecture, would become much more entrenched in Japan compared to China's system of government.
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From today's vantage point, the Taika Reform is seen as a coherent system in which a great many inherently dissonant factors have been harmonized, but the changes unfolded in a series of successive steps over the course of many years. The major objective was to reassert imperial authority through
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The Reform Edicts severely curtailed the independence of regional officials and constituted the imperial court as a place of appeal and complaint about the people. In addition, the last edicts attempted to end certain social practices, in order to bring
Japanese society more in line with Chinese
104:, but the true aim of the reforms was to bring about greater centralization and to enhance the power of the imperial court, which was also based on the governmental structure of China. Envoys and students were dispatched to China to learn seemingly everything from the
305:. Subjects were to be surveyed, land was to be nationalized and redistributed, and private weapons were to be stored in government armories. A land tax, military service and labor obligations were instituted on subjects. A permanent capital was also established in
317:. An exam system was also established, although unlike in China, it was open only to those from noble families. The role of women became much more restricted in Japan, especially in official domains, in emulation of China.
218:(国博士; National doctorate). They were likely to take a major part in compiling these edicts which in essence founded the Japanese imperial system and government.
180:
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Batten, Bruce. "Foreign Threat and
Domestic Reform: The Emergence of the Ritsuryo State," Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Summer, 1986), pp. 199-219.
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200:, issued a series of reform measures that culminated in the Taika Reform Edicts in 646. At this time, two scholars,
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Hane, Mikiso; Perez, Louis G. (2014). Premodern Japan: a
Historical Survey. (Second edition ed.). Boulder, CO.
120:, to even dietary habits at this time. Even today, the impact of the reforms can still be seen in contemporary
81:, and Emperor Kōtoku jointly embarked on the details of the Reforms. Emperor Kōtoku then announced the era of "
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written in 702, consisting of criminal and administrative laws modeled after Tang China, leading to the
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Imposition of
Chinese culture and society on Japan by Emperor Kōtoku, starting in 645
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Those who were against Soga's dictatorship included the emperor's brother
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183:(Iruka's cousin). They ended Iruka's regime by a coup d'état in 645 (
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The ruler according to these edicts was no longer a clan leader but
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hereditary title system previously in place. A major reform on the
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49:) in the year 645. They were written shortly after the death of
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online, multi-formatted, full-text book at openlibrary.org
290:, eight central government ministries, and a prestigious
189:). As Kōgyoku renounced her throne, Karu ascended to be
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reorganizing the government, including abolishing the
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emulate China's system of centralized imperial control
65:. The reforms also artistically marked the end of the
196:The new emperor, together with the Imperial Prince
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272:system. New offices created include that of the
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297:Locally, the country was reorganized into 66
282:(Grand Council of State), which included the
235:in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and sought to
351:Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. Mamiya (2005).
156:and killed him in 643. Under the reign of
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204:and priest Min (who had both accompanied
152:. The clan was opposed to Shōtoku's son
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38:were a set of doctrines established by
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490:The Early Institutional Life of Japan.
73:. Crown Prince Naka no Ōe (the future
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536:Japanese governmental reforms
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85:" (大化), or "Great Reform".
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390:Lonely Planet Publications
233:Japanese missions to China
380:Rowthorne, Chris (2003).
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69:and the beginning of the
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175:, along with his friend
35:, Reformation of Taika")
301:and 592 counties, with
264:Taihō (Great Law) Code
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106:Chinese writing system
88:The Reform began with
53:and the defeat of the
288:Minister of the Right
179:, and his son-in-law
171:, the emperor's son,
140:After the regency of
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526:7th century in Japan
458:Asakawa, K. (1963).
284:Minister of the Left
202:Takamuko no Kuromaro
181:Soga no Ishikawamaro
177:Nakatomi no Kamatari
160:the Soga clan head,
79:Nakatomi no Kamatari
384:Lonely Planet Japan
303:appointed governors
292:Ministry of Deities
299:imperial provinces
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485:Asakawa, Kan'ichi
447:978-0-8133-4970-1
357:Thomson/Wadsworth
173:Prince Naka no Ōe
122:Japanese cultural
32:"Taika no Kaishin
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479:Further reading
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359:. p. 222.
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158:Empress Kōgyoku
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208:in travels to
191:Emperor Kōtoku
186:Isshi Incident
142:Shōtoku Taishi
136:Isshi Incident
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51:Prince Shōtoku
40:Emperor Kōtoku
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21:Taika Reforms
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388:. Hawthorn:
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275:Daijō daijin
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262:include the
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241:Confucianism
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206:Ono no Imoko
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154:Yamashiro Ōe
150:Yamato court
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118:architecture
98:philosophies
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67:Asuka period
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392:. pp.
313:'s capital
144:ended, the
92:, based on
90:land reform
61:), uniting
59:Soga no uji
515:Categories
487:. (1903).
338:References
311:Tang China
198:Naka no Ōe
128:Background
110:literature
102:Tang China
96:ideas and
462:, p. 267.
210:Sui China
146:Soga clan
94:Confucian
55:Soga clan
495:Shueisha
325:See also
269:ritsuryō
114:religion
493:Tokyo:
280:Dajōkan
223:Emperor
44:Kōtoku
445:
400:
363:
286:, the
255:kabane
247:Reform
124:life.
116:, and
42:(孝徳天皇
331:Shōen
315:Xi'an
228:Tennō
100:from
83:Taika
63:Japan
57:(蘇我氏
46:tennō
26:大化の改新
443:ISBN
398:ISBN
361:ISBN
307:Nara
239:and
169:Karu
19:The
521:645
504:see
260:law
77:),
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412:^
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23:(
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