814:
178:-speaking people also known as Brahmaputran-speaking people, entered Assam from somewhere to the northeast. It has been proposed that the Proto-Garo-Bodo-Konyak-Jinghpaw language was a lingua franca of different linguistic communities, not all of whom were native speakers, and that it began as a creolized lingua franca.
173:
of the Konyak languages, has been reconstructed by Walter French (1983). The linkage of the Konyak and
Jingphaw languages with Boro–Garo languages suggests that Proto-Garo-Bodo-Konyak-Jinghpaw, which is
1226:
1217:
480:
may have originally been a Konyak-Wancho language that was heavily influenced by Ponyo-Khiamniungan-Lainong. The homeland of
Northern Naga is placed in the
611:
580:
520:
1468:
505:. 56th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, 10-12 October 2023. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
305:
Below is a classification of the
Northern Naga (Konyak) languages by Hsiu (2018) based on a computational phylogenetic analysis.
166:. There are many dialects, and villages even a few kilometers apart frequently have to rely on a separate common language.
604:
813:
1338:
597:
1576:
1396:
1343:
999:
1796:
1708:
1461:
1389:
1044:
966:
682:
435:
Ringkhu (subgroup): Gaqyi, Shokrang, Henching, Rasa, Lakki, Ringkhu, Khalak, Shangti, Lungkhi, Kochung
1289:
736:
657:
1370:
973:
786:
429:
Pangwa (subgroup): Kyahi, Mungre, Shanke, Chamchang, Lochang, Dunghi, Moshang, Rera, Lungri, Cholim
1485:
1364:
1150:
1034:
577:
1791:
1454:
1410:
1403:
1183:
1117:
620:
139:
1653:
1517:
1502:
1353:
1303:
859:
367:
218:
1165:
1011:
957:
8:
1348:
938:
765:
696:
163:
565:
Languages of the
Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region.
1189:
798:
664:
112:
1297:
1257:
1235:
1200:
1194:
1159:
1097:
1091:
1071:
865:
853:
836:
744:
690:
670:
147:
1723:
1658:
1527:
1494:
1318:
1278:
1248:
1222:
1172:
1130:
1016:
909:
889:
846:
771:
634:
334:
294:
223:
896:
503:
A First
Description of Wolam Ngio, a Khiamniungic Language of Nagaland and Myanmar
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1743:
1733:
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1633:
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1507:
1310:
1264:
1123:
1005:
944:
778:
725:
716:
702:
584:
460:(subgroup): Haqkhun, Tutsa, Ponthai, Hawi, Nocte, Haqsik, Haqchum, Yangno, Haqman
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228:
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states of northeastern India. They are not particularly closely related to other
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709:
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indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
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The hidden world of the Naga: living traditions in
Northeast India and Burma
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49:
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branch within the Konyak-Chang branch. Makyam is most closely related to
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151:
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The Naga of Burma: Their festivals, customs and way of life
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Shangvan (subgroup): Shangvan, Meitei, Haqcyeng, Ngaimong
441:
Kotlum (subgroup): Kotlum, Raqnu, Aasen, Drancyi, Gaqlun
546:. Ph.D. Dissertation, The City University of New York.
450:
Champhang (subgroup): Nahen, Thamkok, Lumnu, Champhang
420:
Tikhak (subgroup): Tikhak, Longchang, Yongkuk, Muklom
348:Lahe (subgroup): Lahe, Khamti, Long Kyan Nok Kone
158:spoken further to the south, but rather to other
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1476:
1288:
735:
1462:
605:
432:Halang (subgroup): Lama, Halang, Haqkhi, Bote
1149:
501:van Dam, Kellen Parker; Thaam, Keen (2023).
500:
444:Kon-Pingku (subgroup): Kon, Pingku, Nyinshao
578:Classifying Konyak and other Naga languages
544:Northern Naga: A Tibeto-Burman mesolanguage
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1455:
612:
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619:
549:Stirn, Aglaja, and Peter van Ham. 2003.
494:
169:Proto-Northern Naga, the reconstructed
1784:
514:
512:
1450:
593:
476:belongs to the Konyak-Wancho branch.
359:(subgroup): Ponyo Nok Inn, Lang Kheng
16:Sino-Tibetan language branch of India
518:
509:
13:
560:. Bangkok, Thailand: Orchid Press.
399:Wancho (Upper Wancho Hill), Karyaw
14:
1808:
571:
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812:
1:
525:Sino-Tibetan Branches Project
487:
297:(Htangan) (Naw Sawu 2016:6).
1478:Sal (Brahmaputran) languages
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7:
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396:Wancho (Lower Wancho Hill)
138:languages, is a branch of
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45:Linguistic classification
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563:George van Driem (2001)
542:French, Walter T. 1983.
521:"Northern Naga (Konyak)"
162:such as Jingpho and the
146:peoples in southeastern
126:, or alternatively the
328:Nuclear Northern Naga
323:Makyam, Khale, Santung
140:Sino-Tibetan languages
1339:Central Tibeto-Burman
556:Saul, Jamie D. 2005.
519:Hsiu, Andrew (2018).
374:Konyak-Wancho-Tangsa
285:(Paungnyuan), while
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331:Khiamniungic group
164:Bodo-Garo languages
80:Proto-Northern Naga
1797:Languages of India
1390:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
1332:Proposed groupings
583:2020-10-09 at the
553:. Munich: Prestel.
142:spoken by various
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930:
902:
895:
888:
878:
871:
864:
852:
845:
797:
791:
777:
770:
756:
749:
724:
715:
708:
701:
689:
675:
663:
656:
621:Sino-Tibetan
564:
557:
550:
543:
528:. Retrieved
524:
502:
496:
472:
368:Khiamniungan
320:Kuku Nokkone
310:
304:
291:Khiamniungic
290:
286:
278:
277:
242:Tangsa–Nocte
241:
240:
219:Khiamniungan
214:Khiamniungic
213:
187:Konyak–Chang
186:
185:
168:
135:
131:
127:
123:
121:
93:Tangsa–Nocte
90:Konyak–Chang
85:Subdivisions
64:
50:Sino-Tibetan
34:distribution
1425:Proto-Hakka
1354:Mahakiranti
860:East Bodish
640:Uttarakhand
256:Pangwa Naga
1786:Categories
1319:Idu–Taraon
1273:Miju–Meyor
1166:Gyalrongic
1012:Tangkhulic
787:Raji–Raute
530:2023-03-09
488:References
279:Ethnologue
32:Geographic
1486:Boro–Garo
1418:Proto-Min
1349:Macro-Bai
1227:Arunachal
1220:(possible
1035:Boro–Garo
939:Kuki-Chin
922:and Indo-
837:Arunachal
824:Himalayas
799:Tandrange
766:Chepangic
697:Dhimalish
631:Himalayas
410:Chang (?)
287:Glottolog
182:Languages
128:Konyakian
106:Glottolog
1513:Kokborok
1223:isolates
1190:Mondzish
1118:Cai–Long
866:Tshangla
822:Eastern
665:Tamangic
635:Himachal
629:Western
623:branches
581:Archived
281:17 adds
152:Nagaland
136:Patkaian
113:kony1246
1729:Singpho
1717:Jingpho
1659:Leinong
1528:Kachari
1437:Italics
1298:Siangic
1279:Songlin
1258:Kho-Bwa
1236:Hrusish
1218:Dubious
1201:Loloish
1195:Burmish
1160:Qiangic
1131:Longjia
1098:Karenic
1092:Nungish
1072:Sinitic
958:Hkongso
920:Myanmar
890:Gongduk
854:Tibetic
772:Chepang
745:Magaric
691:Kiranti
671:Newaric
362:Gongwan
335:Leinong
295:Leinong
289:adds a
259:Ponthai
250:(Tase)
224:Leinong
1767:Chakpa
1734:Turung
1685:Tangsa
1664:Makyam
1644:Wancho
1634:Konyak
1627:Konyak
1617:Konyak
1559:Kochic
1523:Barman
1508:Dimasa
1495:Boroic
1311:Milang
1265:Puroik
1249:Mijiic
1173:Ersuic
1124:Caijia
1040:Konyak
1006:Meitei
910:Chamdo
847:Bodish
833:Bhutan
779:Bhujel
726:Lepcha
717:Lhokpu
703:Dhimal
648:Sikkim
567:Brill.
484:area.
447:Sansik
416:Tangsa
392:Wancho
384:Konyak
316:Makyam
283:Makyam
262:Tikhak
253:Muklom
248:Tangsa
229:Makyam
204:Wancho
194:Konyak
65:Konyak
22:Konyak
1762:Ganan
1695:Tutsa
1690:Nocte
1669:Ponyo
1639:Chang
1603:Moran
1598:Deori
1591:Deori
1577:Atong
1572:Rabha
1549:Megam
1242:Hruso
1138:Luren
1112:Kathu
1086:Tujia
974:Taman
945:Mruic
932:Karbi
873:Basum
829:Tibet
751:Magar
677:Newar
644:Nepal
478:Chang
458:Tutsa
454:Nocte
438:Gaqha
423:Jugli
357:Ponyo
273:Tutsa
268:Nocte
234:Ponyo
199:Chang
134:, or
38:India
1757:Kadu
1649:Phom
1582:Ruga
1567:Koch
1544:Garo
1537:Garo
1518:Tiwa
1503:Bodo
1359:Rung
1304:Koro
1178:Naic
1105:Gong
1061:and
1059:East
1017:Zeme
986:Naga
904:Tani
897:ĘĽOle
793:Dura
758:Kham
710:Toto
474:Phom
407:Phom
388:Kyan
209:Phom
144:Naga
122:The
1752:Sak
1225:) (
1079:Bai
1027:Sal
967:Pyu
951:Mru
880:Nam
380:Lao
189::
176:Sal
60:Sal
1788::
995:Ao
835:,
831:,
646:,
642:,
523:.
511:^
130:,
1470:e
1463:t
1456:v
1229:)
988:"
984:"
883:?
839:)
827:(
796:–
650:)
637:,
633:(
613:e
606:t
599:v
533:.
456:-
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