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hold Nepal back from reaching sufficient status and thus stand out. There is no
Climate Finance Plan and emissions and temperature rising rate ranking at critically insufficient. Nepal has many goals, however, that are on track with the Paris Agreement. The first of note being a goal of net-zero emissions by 2045. To reach this goal Nepal submitted two separate plans to account for whatever future they experience the first being WAM (with additional measures) and the second being WEM (with existing measures). WEM is based primarily on already existing policies and highlights the energy sector as the main target for CO2 reduction. The WAM scenario introduces a far more ambitious strategy for reducing emissions. In this scenario the focus is primarily on an intervention method and disruption of the energy sector reducing the use of fossil fuels and the incorporation of renewable energy sources. This pathway heavily relies on reducing emissions from energy sources while preserving the carbon-absorbing capacity of the LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry) sector. Under this scenario, it is anticipated that net CO2 emissions will remain negative from 2020 to 2030, approach 'zero' between 2035 and 2045, and then revert to negative values by 2050. The goal of this scenario is to accelerate the journey toward achieving carbon neutrality before 2045. These policies along with many more have Nepal on track to stay beneath the 1.5 threshold set by the Paris Agreement.
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lack of safe drinking water. Illness is not the only danger to the communities as temperatures sky rocket. With the climate changing weather patterns are also changing and more extreme weather events are occurring putting local communities more at risk to physical harm and death during erratic weather events. Marginalized groups including children and women are experiencing more severe impacts from climate change and are often more exposed to disease and injury. Over the last couple years these health impacts have gotten increasingly worse and more common. Recent studies have shown that dengue fever has had a consistent pattern of epidemic in Nepal in the years 2010, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2022 with the largest in terms of severity occurring in 2022. 54,784 reported cases were recorded from all 77 districts in seven provinces. These diseases are simply in addition to other diseases that can be seen with the rise of global temperatures and air pollution. Many vulnerable groups are experiencing an increase in respiratory illness, cardiac illnesses, and asthma. The heat can lead to issues such as a strain on respiratory illnesses, heat stroke, and fever. There is also the increased risk of cancer. Many lower income communities such as the himalayan villages suffer from exposure to more pollution or in some cases exposure to toxic chemicals which has led to an increased rate of cancer in these communities as well as an increased risk of death.
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cooler, and changes in weather patterns even compared to early 2000s weather. Many local villagers have identified climate change simply through the availability of certain native plants decreasing or shifting seasons. The concept of climate change has now been aligned with the risk of natural disasters and has increased awareness in the local communities. These impacts of climate change have greatly affected agriculture in the area and has forced farmers to change crops and when they plant them. In response to this rather than push for policy change, citizens have begun to adapt to climate change. According to
Dhungana, 91.94% of the respondents experienced drought as major climatic hazards then floods at 83.87%, landslides at 70.97%, and forest fires at 67.74%. In response to this citizens have begun adapting and adopting new practices. As a response to drought at the high altitudes, plantations are planting more protective trees, drought resistant plants, and have begun adopting irrigation practices drawing from nearby streams. In response to flooding, farmers have created more basins, dam construction, and small drainage canals.
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These impacts can have extreme negative effects on the villages living in the area especially as the temperatures rise at higher rates than many other places in the world (Alexander et al., 2014). There are more than 1.9 million people who are highly vulnerable due to climate change with an additional 10 million people at risk in Nepal. Nepal is among the top ten most vulnerable Global South countries due to climate change in the world, standing at number 4 as of 2010 according to the climate change risk atlas. According to NAPA (National
Adaptation Program of Action) of Nepal, many threats including floods, droughts, and landslides are an imminent threat to the glacial lake area. With this in consideration, climate change policy and framework for LAPA (Local Adaptation Plans of Action) were prepared in 2011 primarily focusing on addressing climatic hazards.
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2760:. They consider the saligrams to be representatives of the Tibetan serpent deity known as Gawo Jagpa. The Himalayan people's diversity shows in many different ways. It shows through their architecture, their languages, and dialects, their beliefs and rituals, as well as their clothing. The shapes and materials of the people's homes reflect their practical needs and beliefs. Another example of the diversity amongst the Himalayan peoples is that handwoven textiles display colors and patterns unique to their ethnic backgrounds. Finally, some people place great importance on jewelry. The Rai and Limbu women wear big gold earrings and nose rings to show their wealth through their jewelry. Several places in the Himalayas are of religious significance in,
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fires with green branches and mud, construction of fire lines, and are raising awareness about the wildfires. Fire lines are lines of varying width built through the leaf litter of a forest floor down to the soil and minerals to prevent a spread of fire past the line. The main reason for these adaptations is to decrease the risk that climate change poses over these marginalized communities while taking advantage of the moment and allowing for a positive change towards a more sustainable or adaptable future. Major barriers to these adaptations include a lack of funds, a lack of knowledge, a lack of technology, a lack of time, and lack of mandatory policy.
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last 40–50 years. Local conditions play a large role in glacial retreat, however, and glacial loss can vary locally from a few m/yr to 61 m/yr. A marked acceleration in glacial mass loss has also been observed since 1975, from about 5–13 Gt/yr to 16–24 Gt/yr. Although the effect of this will not be known for many years, it potentially could mean disaster for the hundreds of millions of people who rely on the glaciers to feed the rivers during the dry seasons. The global climate change will affect the water resources and livelihoods of the
Greater Himalayan region.
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basin, and 50–70% in the
Brahmaputra Basin, as the snowline elevation in these regions will rise by between 4.4 and 10.0 m/yr. There has been more extensive modelling of glacier trends: it is projected that one third of all glaciers in the extended HKH region will be lost by 2100 even if the warming is limited to 1.5 °C (with over half of that loss in the Eastern Himalaya region), while RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are likely to lead to the losses of 50% and >67% of the region's glaciers over the same timeframe.
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1525:, and in the north, they joined with the former Tibetan inland ice. To the south, outflow glaciers came to an end below an elevation of 1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,600 ft). While the current valley glaciers of the Himalaya reach at most 20 to 32 km (12 to 20 mi) in length, several of the main valley glaciers were 60 to 112 km (37 to 70 mi) long during the ice age. The glacier snowline (the altitude where accumulation and
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1942:. From north to south, the mountains cover more than eight degrees of latitude, spanning temperate to subtropical zones. The colder air of Central Asia is prevented from blowing down into South Asia by the physical configuration of the Himalayas. This causes the tropical zone to extend farther north in South Asia than anywhere else in the world. The evidence is unmistakable in the Brahmaputra valley as the warm air from the
2014:. Off-shore high-pressure systems in the Indian Ocean push the moist summer air inland toward the low-pressure system. When the moist air meets mountains, it rises and upon subsequent cooling, its moisture condenses and is released as rain, typically heavy rain. The wet summer monsoon winds cause precipitation in India and all along the layered southern slopes of the Himalayas. This forced lifting of air is called the
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consists of yaks, oxen, horses, and goats. Snow leopards have killed about 2.6% of the local livestock per year in response to their shrinking habitat. The overall loss, about a quarter of the average income of local farmers, has had a major impact on the local economy. In retaliation, farmers have begun killing snow leopards, seeking to protect their livestock and their livelihoods.
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between India and
Pakistan in 1972. China administers some 14,000 square miles (36,000 square km) in the Ladakh region and has claimed territory at the eastern end of the Himalayas within the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Those disputes accentuate the boundary problems faced by India and its neighbours in the Himalayan region.
2001:. Variability in monsoon rainfall, influenced by local Hadley circulation and tropical sea surface temperatures, is the main factor behind wet and dry years. This is not so much the rain of the summer months as the wind that carries the rain. Different rates of heating and cooling between the Central Asian continent and the
1588:, and a number of rivers cut through the range, particularly in the eastern part of the range. As a result, the main ridge of the Himalayas is not clearly defined, and mountain passes are not as significant for traversing the range as with other mountain ranges. Himalayas' rivers drain into two large systems:
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In recent years many citizens of these
Himalayan communities have started to notice the extreme effects of climate change by experiencing nature itself. They have noticed a decrease in precipitation especially in lowland districts, fluctuating temperatures during months of the year that are typically
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Local communities are suffering from food scarcity and malnutrition as well as an increasing risk to diseases such as malaria and dengue fever as temperatures rise and allow these diseases to migrate further north. There is also an increasing risk of water borne illnesses accompanied by an increasing
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across the region as a result of climate change. For example, glacial lakes have been forming rapidly on the surface of debris-covered glaciers in the Bhutan
Himalaya during the last few decades. Studies have measured an approximately 13% overall decrease in glacial coverage in the Himalayas over the
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Most of the population in some Asian and
African countries depends on medicinal plants rather than prescriptions and such. Since so many people use medicinal plants as their only source of healing in the Himalayas, the plants are an important source of income. This contributes to economic and modern
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precipitation in the region will increase by 4–12% in the near future and by 4–25% in the long term. There has also been modelling of the changes in snow cover, but it is limited to the end of century under the RCP 8.5 scenario: it projects declines of 30–50% in the Indus Basin, 50–60% in the Ganges
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Though India, Nepal, and Bhutan have sovereignty over most of the
Himalayas, Pakistan and China also occupy parts of them. In the Kashmir region, Pakistan has administrative control of some 32,400 square miles (83,900 square km) of the range lying north and west of the "line of control" established
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The response to landslides includes plantation grasses in previously barren areas, Gabion wall construction, avoiding livestock grazing in landslide-prone areas, and a prohibition on tillage in areas at risk of landslides. To fight the increased rate of forest fires, citizens have begun beating the
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Similar to the mountains, the communities living near the Himalayas are experiencing climate change and its negative impacts significantly more than other parts of the world. Some of the impacts that the communities are facing include erratic rainfall, flooding, rising temperatures, and landslides.
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The 2019 Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment concluded that between 1901 and 2014, the Hindu Kush Himalaya (or HKH) region had already experienced warming of 0.1 °C per decade, with the warming rate accelerating to 0.2 °C per decade over the past 50 years. Over the past 50 years, the frequency
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brings winter precipitation, especially in the west. Heavy rain arrives on the southwest monsoon in June and persists until September. The monsoon can seriously impact transport and cause major landslides. It restricts tourism – the trekking and mountaineering season is limited to either before the
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in the mountain. As the temperature is directly proportional to received radiation from the sun, the faces that receive more direct sunlight also have a greater heat buildup. In narrow valleys—lying between steep mountain faces—there can be dramatically different weather along their two
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Nepal is a part of the Paris agreement and thus is required to have a climate action plan and is being tracked by the Climate Action Tracker. According to the Climate Action Tracker, Nepal is "almost sufficient" on its track to reach the goals set by the Paris Agreement. There are two factors that
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The increasing temperatures are also leading to a decrease in territory for local wildlife. This trend has decreased the prey populations of at-risk predators, such as snow leopards. Seeking alternative food sources, snow leopards and other predators attack local farmers’ livestock. This livestock
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The flora and fauna of the Himalayas vary with climate, rainfall, altitude, and soils. The climate ranges from tropical at the base of the mountains to permanent ice and snow at the highest elevations. The amount of yearly rainfall increases from west to east along the southern front of the range.
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Under the high-warming RCP8.5 scenario where the annual emissions continue to increase for the rest of the century, the expected regional warming is 2.3–3.2 °C and 4.2–6.5 °C, respectively. Under all scenarios, winters will warm more than the summers, and the Tibetan Plateau, the central
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goal of 1.5 °C of global warming is not exceeded, warming in the HKH will be at least 0.3 °C higher, and at least 0.7 °C higher in the hotspots of northwest Himalaya and Karakoram. If the Paris Agreement goals are broken, then the region is expected to warm by 1.7–2.4 °C in the
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prevailing above each. In the winter, a high-pressure system forms and remains suspended above Central Asia, forcing air to flow in the southerly direction over the Himalayas. But in Central Asia, as there is no substantial source for water to be diffused as vapour, the winter winds blowing across
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As the physical features of mountains are irregular, with broken jagged contours, there can be wide variations in temperature over short distances. Temperature at a location on a mountain depends on the season of the year, the bearing of the sun with respect to the face on which the location lies,
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Today, the Indian plate continues to be driven horizontally at the Tibetan Plateau, which forces the plateau to continue to move upwards. The Indian plate is still moving at 67 mm (2.6 in) per year, and over the next 10 million years, it will travel about 1,500 km (930 mi)
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Kuhle, M. (2005). "The maximum Ice Age (Würmian, Last Ice Age, LGM) glaciation of the Himalaya – a glaciogeomorphological investigation of glacier trim-lines, ice thicknesses and lowest former ice margin positions in the Mt. Everest-Makalu-Cho Oyu massifs (Khumbu- and Khumbakarna Himal) including
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The Himalayas are home to a diversity of medicinal resources. Plants from the forests have been used for millennia to treat conditions ranging from simple coughs to snake bites. Different parts of the plants – root, flower, stem, leaves, and bark – are used as remedies for different ailments. For
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Glacier melt is projected to accelerate regional river flows until the amount of meltwater peaks around 2060, going into an irreversible decline afterwards. Since precipitation will continue to increase even as the glacier meltwater contribution declines, annual river flows are only expected to
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The vast size, huge altitude range, and complex topography of the Himalayas mean they experience a wide range of climates, from humid subtropical in the foothills, to cold and dry desert conditions on the Tibetan side of the range. For much of the Himalayas—in the areas to the south of the high
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is an example of floral species that can be found in this area. The increase in temperature is shifting various species to higher elevations. The oak forest is being invaded by pine forests in the Garhwal Himalayan region. There are reports of early flowering and fruiting in some tree species,
2523:) have been discovered there in between 1998 and 2008, with an average of 35 new species finds every year. With Eastern Himalaya included, the entire Hindu Kush Himalaya region is home to an estimated 35,000+ species of plants and 200+ species of animals.
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Local impacts on climate are significant throughout the Himalayas. Temperatures fall by 0.2 to 1.2 °C for every 100 m (330 ft) rise in altitude. This gives rise to a variety of climates, from a nearly tropical climate in the foothills, to
1149:, which is also a strong candidate for the highest unclimbed mountain in the world. The Himalayas here are becoming increasingly rugged, with heavily forested steep valleys. The Himalayas continue, turning slightly northeast, through the Indian State of
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This diversity of altitude, rainfall, and soil conditions, combined with the very high snow line, supports a variety of distinct plant and animal communities. The extremes of high altitude (low atmospheric pressure), combined with extreme cold, favor
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The immense scale of the Himalayas means that many summits can create their own weather, the temperature fluctuating from one summit to another, from one face to another, and all may be quite different from the weather in nearby plateaus or valleys.
1319:, which rises over 8,000 m (26,000 ft) above the Indus valley and is the most westerly of the 8000 m summits. The western end terminates at a magnificent point near Nanga Parbat where the Himalayas intersect with the Karakoram and
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Temperate Himalayan wetlands provide important habitat and layover sites for migratory birds. Many mid and low altitude lakes remain poorly studied in terms of their hydrology and biodiversity, like Khecheopalri in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas.
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Dhungana, Nabin; Silwal, Nisha; Upadhaya, Suraj; Khadka, Chiranjeewee; Regmi, Sunil Kumar; Joshi, Dipesh; Adhikari, Samjhana (1 June 2020). "Rural coping and adaptation strategies for climate change by Himalayan communities in Nepal".
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of Nepal, is rated as the most dangerous. The lake, which is located at an altitude of 4,580 m (15,030 ft), has grown considerably over the last 50 years due to glacial melting. The mountain lakes are known to geographers as
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warm days and nights had increased by 1.26 days and 2.54 nights per decade. There was also a corresponding decline of 0.5 cold days, 0.85 extreme cold days, 1 cold night, and 2.4 extreme cold nights per decade. The length of the
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on the southern side of the massifs has substantial rainfall (3,900 mm or 150 in a year). Thus, although annual precipitation is generally higher in the east than in the west, local variations are often more important.
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all originate from parts of the Tibetan Plateau that are geologically distinct from the Himalaya mountains and are therefore not considered true Himalayan rivers. Some geologists refer to all the rivers collectively as the
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Kuhle, M. (2011). "The High Glacial (Last Ice Age and Last Glacial Maximum) Ice Cover of High and Central Asia, with a Critical Review of Some Recent OSL and TCN Dates". In Ehlers, J.; Gibbard, P.L.; Hughes, P.D. (eds.).
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have a snow line some 900 m (2,950 ft) lower. The higher regions of the Himalayas are snowbound throughout the year, in spite of their proximity to the tropics, and they form the sources of several large
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itself forms the northern and western boundaries of the Himalayas. It begins in Tibet, at the confluence of Sengge and Gar rivers, and flows north-west through India into Pakistan before turning south-west to the
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and permanent snow and ice at higher elevations. Local climate is also affected by the topography: The leeward side of the mountains receive less rain while the well-exposed slopes get heavy rainfall and the
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Bolch, Tobias; Shea, Joseph M.; Liu, Shiyin; Azam, Farooq M.; Gao, Yang; Gruber, Stephan; Immerzeel, Walter W.; Kulkarni, Anil; Li, Huilin; Tahir, Adnan A.; Zhang, Guoqing; Zhang, Yinsheng (5 January 2019).
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Serenari, Christopher; Leung, Yu-Fai; Attarian, Aram; Franck, Chris (2012), "Understanding environmentally significant behavior among whitewater rafting and trekking guides in the Garhwal Himalaya, India",
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Kaushik, Saurabh; Rafiq, Mohammd; Joshi, P.K.; Singh, Tejpal (April 2020). "Examining the glacial lake dynamics in a warming climate and GLOF modelling in parts of Chandra basin, Himachal Pradesh, India".
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The mountainous areas of Hindu Kush range are mostly barren or, at the most, sparsely sprinkled with trees and stunted bushes. From about 1,300 to 2,300 m (4,300 to 7,500 ft), states Yarshater,
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Oli, Madan K.; Taylor, Iain R.; Rogers, M. Elizabeth (1 January 1994). "Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal".
2756:. The Muktinath is also a place of pilgrimage for the Tibetan Buddhists. They believe that the trees in the poplar grove came from the walking sticks of eighty-four ancient Indian Buddhist magicians or
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of a glacier are balanced) was about 1,400–1,660 m (4,590–5,450 ft) lower than it is today. Thus, the climate was at least 7.0 to 8.3 °C (12.6 to 14.9 °F) colder than it is today.
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Krishnan, Raghavan; Shrestha, Arun Bhakta; Ren, Guoyu; Rajbhandari, Rupak; Saeed, Sajjad; Sanjay, Jayanarayanan; Syed, Md. Abu.; Vellore, Ramesh; Xu, Ying; You, Qinglong; Ren, Yuyu (5 January 2019).
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1950:, the eastern anchor of the Himalayas, and into southeastern Tibet. Temperatures in the Himalayas cool by 2.0 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) for every 300 metres (980 ft) increase of altitude.
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margins. The side to the north with a mountain above facing south can have an extra month of the growing season. The mass of the mountain also influences the temperature, as it acts as a
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South Asia are dry. In the summer months, the Central Asian plateau heats up more than the ocean waters to its south. As a result, the air above it rises higher and higher, creating a
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1733:. Some even refer to this region as the "Third Pole". The Himalayan range encompasses about 15,000 glaciers, which store about 12,000 km (2,900 cu mi), or 3600–4400
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2089:. The vegetation is sparse and stunted and the winters are severely cold. Most of the precipitation in the region is in the form of snow during the late winter and spring months.
1498:. This leads to the Himalayas rising by about 5 mm per year, making them geologically active. The movement of the Indian plate into the Asian plate also makes this region
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1852:, which is spread across the border between India and China, at the far western end of Tibet, is among the largest with a surface area of 700 km (270 sq mi).
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Humbert-Droz, Blaise (2017), "Impacts of Tourism and Military Presence on Wetlands and Their Avifauna in the Himalayas", in Prins, Herbert H. T.; Namgail, Tsewang (eds.),
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Sakai, Harutaka; Sawada, Minoru; Takigami, Yutaka; Orihashi, Yuji; Danhara, Tohru; Iwano, Hideki; Kuwahara, Yoshihiro; Dong, Qi; Cai, Huawei; Li, Jianguo (December 2005).
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becoming less frequent while heavy precipitation became both more frequent and more intense. Finally, since 1970s glaciers have retreated everywhere in the region beside
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Himalayan Range, and the Karakoram will continue to warm more than the rest of the region. Climate change will also lead to the degradation of up to 81% of the region's
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are the only mountains over 7,000 m (4.3 mi) in this part of the Himalayas. Finally, the Himalayas reach their western end in the dramatic 8000 m peak of
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industrial development both inside and outside the region. The only problem is that locals are rapidly clearing the forests on the Himalayas for wood, often illegally.
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The intensity of the southwest monsoon diminishes as it moves westward along the range, with as much as 2,030 mm (80 in) of rainfall in the monsoon season in
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The 6,000-kilometre-plus (3,700 mi) journey of the India landmass (Indian Plate) before its collision with Asia (Eurasian Plate) about 40 to 50 million
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1439:) was moving at about 15 cm (5.9 in) per year. About 50 million years ago this fast-moving Indo-Australian Plate had completely closed the
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massif on the border with India, the third-highest mountain in the world, the most easterly 8,000 m (26,000 ft) summit and the highest point of
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feed in the dense understories of bamboo. Lower down, the forests of the foothills are inhabited by several different primates, including the endangered
1054:. The gorge splits the Himalayas into Western and Eastern sections, both ecologically and orographically – the pass at the head of the Kali Gandaki, the
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and the Tibetan Plateau. They prevent frigid, dry winds from blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding
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is the main predator. Its prey includes members of the goat family grazing on the alpine pastures and living on the rocky terrain, notably the endemic
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The northern side of the Himalayas, also known as the Tibetan Himalaya, is dry, cold, and generally windswept, particularly in the west where it has a
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monsoon in April/May or after the monsoon in October/November (autumn). In Nepal and Sikkim, there are often considered to be five seasons: summer,
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Kuhle, M. (1987). "Subtropical mountain- and highland-glaciation as ice age triggers and the waning of the glacial periods in the Pleistocene".
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Apollo, M. (2017). "Chapter 9: The population of Himalayan regions – by the numbers: Past, present and future". In Efe, R.; Öztürk, M. (eds.).
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Garzanti, Eduardo; Limonta, Mara; Resentini, Alberto; Bandopadhyay, Pinaki C.; Najman, Yani; Andò, Sergio; Vezzoli, Giovanni (1 August 2013).
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2495:". The inner valleys of the Hindu Kush see little rain and have desert vegetation. On the other hand, Eastern Himalaya is home to multiple
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is also found at high altitudes. Hunted for its musk, it is now rare and endangered. Other endemic or near-endemic herbivores include the
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if they are caused by glacial activity. Tarns are found mostly in the upper reaches of the Himalaya, above 5,500 m (18,000 ft).
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2059:, the lower elevations of the Himalayas, reaching in mid-elevations in central Nepal (including the Kathmandu valley), are classified as
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The physical factors determining the climate in any location in the Himalayas include latitude, altitude, and the relative motion of the
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643:, the Himalayan mountain range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc 2,400 km (1,500 mi) long. Its western anchor,
3543:"Geology of the summit limestone of Mount Qomolangma (Everest) and cooling history of the Yellow Band under the Qomolangma detachment"
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generation would still have to adjust to greater interannual variability and lower pre-monsoon flows in all of the region's rivers.
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is home to some 600 million people; 53 million people live in the Himalayas. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of
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The great ranges of central Asia, including the Himalayas, contain the third-largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after
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Lee, Ethan; Carrivick, Jonathan L.; Quincey, Duncan J.; Cook, Simon J.; James, William H. M.; Brown, Lee E. (20 December 2021).
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Nyaupane, Gyan P.; Chhetri, Netra (2009), "Vulnerability to Climate Change of Nature-Based Tourism in the Nepalese Himalayas",
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O'Neill, Alexander; et al. (25 February 2020). "Establishing Ecological Baselines Around a Temperate Himalayan Peatland".
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2251:, where there has been an unexpected increase in snowfall. Glacier retreat had been followed by an increase in the number of
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5692:"Ecological status and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary of Garhwal Himalaya, India"
2729:(the personification of river Ganges). Two of the most sacred places of pilgrimage for the Hindus are the temple complex in
1467:. An often-cited fact used to illustrate this process is that the summit of Mount Everest is made of unmetamorphosed marine
1291:, cuts through the range here. Further west, the Himalayas form much of the disputed Indian-administered union territory of
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is among the highest in the world, at typically around 5,500 m (18,000 ft). In contrast, equatorial mountains in
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Scott, Christopher A.; Zhang, Fan; Mukherji, Aditi; Immerzeel, Walter; Mustafa, Daanish; Bharati, Luna (5 January 2019).
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region. The Himalayas are also believed to play an important part in the formation of Central Asian deserts, such as the
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9957:
8152:
3385:
2914:
956:
503:
13039:
12682:
10981:
10958:
10359:
9788:
9783:
9370:
8217:
7188:
6504:
6477:
6462:
6429:
6404:
6382:
6367:
6331:
6228:
6144:
5932:
4612:
3364:
3061:
462:
4629:"Spatio-temporal variation of land surface temperature and temperature lapse rate over mountainous Kashmir Himalaya"
4322:
1447:
settled on the ocean floor and the volcanoes that fringed its edges. Since both plates were composed of low density
1118:
drains the northern slopes of these mountains, before turning south and flowing to the range to the east of Makalu.
13064:
13059:
13049:
12697:
12687:
12629:
12607:
12590:
12585:
12504:
10750:
10565:
10286:
9793:
9511:
9419:
9409:
9388:
8186:
8073:
7804:
7327:
4683:
2475:(wild olive); above that, up to a height of about 3,300 m (10,800 ft) one finds coniferous forests with
2282:
models struggle to make specific projections due to the region's topography: the most certain finding is that the
2056:
1431:, about 70 million years ago, the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate (which has subsequently broken into the
13054:
13044:
12707:
12536:
12402:
12316:
12266:
10667:
10585:
10550:
10319:
10013:
8460:
8164:
8133:
7178:
7168:
7148:
3818:"Geochemistry of the Suspended Sediments of Circum-Himalayan Rivers and Weathering Budgets over the Last 50 Myrs"
3738:
information on late-glacial-, neoglacial-, and historical glacier stages, their snow-line depressions and ages".
3458:
2945:
6111:
6097:
Bleie, Tone (2003), "Pilgrim Tourism in the Central Himalayas: The Case of Manakamana Temple in Gorkha, Nepal",
2263:
near future (2036–2065) and by 2.2–3.3 °C (2066–2095) near the end of the century under the "intermediate"
2064:
1062:(the highest peak of the Karakoram range). To the east of Annapurna are the 8,000 m (5.0 mi) peaks of
655:. The range varies in width from 350 km (220 mi) in the west to 150 km (93 mi) in the east.
12651:
10644:
10369:
10291:
7088:
4762:"Unravelling Climate Change in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Rapid Warming in the Mountains and Increasing Extremes"
3790:
2413:
The unique floral and faunal wealth of the Himalayas is undergoing structural and compositional changes due to
2182:
1819:
1276:
878:: हिमवान्) is a Hindu deity who is the personification of the Himalayan Mountain Range. Other epithets include
823:
12961:
12946:
11467:
10437:
9753:
9466:
8195:
8113:
8055:
6891:
6545:
2928:
1832:
1649:
812:
6171:
Lim, Francis Khek Ghee (2007), "Hotels as sites of power: tourism, status, and politics in Nepal Himalaya",
1172:
Going west from Dhaulagiri, Western Nepal is somewhat remote and lacks major high mountains, but is home to
12994:
12646:
12276:
12003:
11708:
9236:
9231:
8941:
8855:
7983:
4987:
3542:
1994:
The Himalayan hydroclimate is crucial for South Asia, where annual summer monsoon floods impact millions.
1868:
1307:. The Himalayas form most of the south-west portion of the disputed Indian-administered union territory of
1272:
1038:
In the middle of the great curve of the Himalayan mountains lie the 8,000 m (26,000 ft) peaks of
132:
7859:
5427:"Climate change and the Western Himalayan community: Exploring the local perspective through food choices"
1180:
rises in Tibet but cuts through the centre of the region. Further west, the border with India follows the
12133:
11450:
10062:
9226:
9077:
8713:
8379:
8361:
8145:
8140:
7877:
7474:
7320:
7228:
6945:
6485:
5977:
Stories from the Deep Earth: How Scientists Figured Out What Drives Tectonic Plates and Mountain Building
2828:
2223:
of warm days and nights had also increased by 1.2 days and 1.7 nights per decade, while the frequency of
1899:
1417:
1372:
The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted
6574:
5215:"Climate Change and its socio-cultural impact in the Himalayan region of Nepal – A Visual Documentation"
5184:"Climate Change and its socio-cultural impact in the Himalayan region of Nepal – A Visual Documentation"
12311:
12296:
11594:
11579:
11153:
10792:
9559:
8745:
8738:
8534:
8475:
8356:
8225:
8123:
7912:
7525:
7198:
7128:
6608:
3933:
3132:
2940:
2936:
2924:
2558:
2134:
2112:
2082:
in the east, compared to only 975 mm (38.4 in) during the same period in Shimla in the west.
1087:
5313:"Fact Sheet | Climate, Environmental, and Health Impacts of Fossil Fuels (2021) | White Papers | EESI"
3481:
1605:. It is fed by several major tributaries draining the southern slopes of the Himalayas, including the
12692:
12624:
12595:
12580:
12321:
12246:
10738:
10627:
10570:
9815:
9361:
9306:
7881:
7729:
7233:
7001:
3865:
3083:
1982:
or the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature from the winter minimum to the summer maximum.
20:
6440:
Fallen Giants: The History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes
2086:
1200:, which stands close to the source of the four main rivers of Himalayas and is revered in Hinduism,
13069:
12281:
12198:
11781:
11494:
10711:
10610:
10575:
10364:
9834:
9673:
8822:
8728:
8492:
7869:
7849:
7823:
7296:
7261:
7006:
2919:
2308:
2104:
1356:
698:
686:
11459:
2043:
is the most characteristic feature of the climate and causes most of the precipitation, while the
1978:, in which more heat is absorbed and retained than the surroundings, and therefore influences the
12928:
12619:
12526:
12203:
11913:
11908:
10209:
10070:
9758:
9074:
8885:
8250:
8235:
8181:
8174:
8063:
8016:
8008:
7968:
7854:
7591:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7153:
7143:
7133:
7065:
7060:
7030:
6996:
3816:
Gaillardet, J.; Métivier, F.; Lemarchand, D.; Dupré, B.; Allègre, C.J.; Li, W.; Zhao, J. (2003).
3185:
Wadia, D. N. (1931). "The syntaxis of the northwest Himalaya: its rocks, tectonics and orogeny".
3088:
2909:
1859:
in Nepal, in the Annapurna massif, is one of the highest lakes in the world. Other lakes include
1115:
4880:
4835:
4761:
12905:
12712:
12306:
12109:
10835:
10825:
10706:
10694:
10654:
10560:
10410:
9583:
9564:
9544:
8485:
8205:
8200:
8068:
7223:
7218:
7163:
7138:
6991:
6955:
6733:
6388:
6157:, Foreword by H.H. The Dali Lama, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 343–358,
4514:"Recent Tangible Natural Variability of Monsoonal Orographic Rainfall in the Eastern Himalayas"
4473:"Recent Tangible Natural Variability of Monsoonal Orographic Rainfall in the Eastern Himalayas"
3817:
3482:"Sediment recycling at convergent plate margins (Indo-Burman Ranges and Andaman–Nicobar Ridge)"
2886:
in the Himalayas are found to have medicinal properties, and more are likely to be discovered.
2403:
6518:, English Edition, Madras, Chinmaya Publication Trust, 1960. Translated by T.N. Kesava Pillai.
5163:
5145:
GoN a. "Climate Change Policy, 2011". Ministry of Environment, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu.
3159:
3136:
2588:
1082:
river which rises in Tibet and provides the main overland route between Nepal and China – the
12998:
12862:
12782:
12425:
12326:
11935:
10914:
10889:
10884:
10344:
9887:
9743:
9569:
9383:
8967:
8782:
8723:
8517:
8430:
8351:
8128:
8108:
7518:
7286:
7243:
7238:
7193:
7183:
7173:
7158:
7017:
6976:
6693:
6601:
6417:
5083:
4930:
3118:
2153:
of large mountains can be significant, for example, leading to near desert conditions in the
1677:
1401:
1397:
1385:
1158:
1020:
652:
574:
4553:
2748:
also lay a great deal of importance on the Himalayas. Paro Taktsang is the holy place where
1114:
region, popular for trekking, is found here on the south-western approaches to Everest. The
12872:
11848:
11566:
11030:
10830:
10787:
10689:
10580:
10349:
10166:
9299:
8733:
8708:
8341:
7788:
7714:
7709:
6769:
6319:
6281:
5927:, with Basanta Shrestha and Birendra Bajracharya, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky,
5509:
5438:
5347:
5045:
4712:
4640:
4525:
4484:
4375:
4169:
4114:
4026:
3832:
3703:
3554:
3493:
2730:
2387:
2006:
11266:
5897:
Wester, Philippus; Mishra, Arabinda; Mukherji, Aditi; Shrestha, Arun Bhakta, eds. (2019),
4156:
Rafiq, Mohammd; Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad; Mishra, Anoop Kumar; Jalal, Faizan (January 2019).
1184:
and provides a trade route into China, where on the Tibetan plateau lies the high peak of
8:
12521:
12186:
12123:
12099:
11930:
11791:
11737:
11678:
11649:
11589:
11584:
11278:
11165:
11133:
10840:
10227:
9897:
9436:
8815:
8658:
8445:
7354:
7291:
7281:
7050:
7045:
7035:
6986:
6922:
6917:
6831:
6743:
6563:
5544:
5096:
3971:
3401:
2932:
2680:, Mount Ashtapada of the Himalayan mountain range is a sacred place where the first Jain
2407:
2367:
2174:
2044:
1542:
1495:
1393:
942:
558:
487:
343:
55:
6285:
5513:
5442:
5351:
5273:
5248:
5114:. University of Michigan, Michigan: IFRI Working Paper # W081-6. pp. (pp. 350–367).
5049:
4714:
The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People
4644:
4529:
4488:
4379:
4173:
4118:
4030:
3836:
3707:
3558:
3497:
13029:
12809:
12430:
12393:
12271:
11717:
11639:
11599:
11574:
11422:
11340:
11220:
11180:
11159:
11147:
11076:
11025:
10998:
10990:
10904:
10777:
10772:
10024:
9719:
9471:
9135:
8440:
8435:
8389:
8374:
8230:
8169:
8157:
8118:
7899:
7864:
7799:
7746:
7619:
7446:
7343:
7040:
7025:
6981:
6971:
6713:
6297:
6260:
6208:
6116:
5998:
5899:
The Hindu Kush Himalya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People
5851:
5718:
5691:
5652:
5593:
5525:
5459:
5426:
5286:
5071:
4979:
4906:
4861:
4787:
4736:
4664:
4391:
4193:
4138:
4055:
4014:
3915:
3719:
3578:
2456:
2436:
1966:
1585:
1340:
1051:
359:
5812:
3765:
2207:
1684:, which originates in eastern Tibet and flows south through Myanmar to drain into the
12890:
12509:
12336:
12301:
12162:
12157:
12138:
11947:
11774:
11534:
11434:
11429:
11412:
11402:
11379:
11352:
11347:
11295:
11272:
11170:
11013:
10820:
10815:
10782:
10733:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10184:
10174:
9867:
9724:
9190:
9023:
8703:
8577:
8557:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8096:
8078:
7995:
7828:
7815:
7794:
7779:
7756:
7736:
7481:
7441:
7385:
7055:
6851:
6668:
6500:
6492:
6473:
6458:
6443:
6425:
6400:
6378:
6363:
6349:
6327:
6301:
6264:
6250:
6224:
6184:
6158:
6155:
Bird Migration across the Himalayas Wetland Functioning amidst Mountains and Glaciers
6140:
6067:
6049:
6023:
6002:
5988:
5961:
5938:
5928:
5912:
5902:
5843:
5792:
5772:
Zurick, David; Julsun, Pacheco; Basanta, Raj Shrestha; Birendra, Bajracharya (2006).
5723:
5659:
5630:
5568:
5529:
5464:
5359:
5290:
5278:
5150:
5075:
5011:
4910:
4896:
4865:
4851:
4791:
4777:
4740:
4726:
4668:
4656:
4628:
4608:
4578:
4395:
4339:
4251:
4215:
4197:
4185:
4157:
4142:
4130:
4060:
4042:
3993:
3723:
3582:
3570:
3566:
3509:
3360:
3205:
3165:
3077:
3057:
2992:
2987:
2816:
2703:
2592:
2410:, with highly restricted ranges in the east and west of the Himalayas, respectively.
2015:
1998:
1939:
1448:
1150:
1028:
730:
578:
51:
6551:
6212:
6120:
5398:
5214:
5183:
4711:
Wester, Philippus; Mishra, Arabinda; Mukherji, Aditi; Shrestha, Arun Bhakta (2019).
4126:
3505:
3437:
2737:, also known as Shaligrama because of the presence of the sacred black rocks called
2290:
diminish in the western basins where contribution from the monsoon is low: however,
12971:
12966:
12956:
12885:
12562:
12516:
12459:
12388:
12251:
12145:
12094:
12072:
11925:
11872:
11811:
11374:
11362:
11335:
11121:
11049:
11038:
10810:
10802:
10518:
10506:
10494:
10232:
10222:
10179:
9615:
9393:
9221:
9170:
9054:
8865:
8775:
8768:
8547:
8420:
8408:
8384:
8329:
8258:
8045:
7973:
7751:
7724:
7553:
7545:
7486:
7376:
6871:
6794:
6718:
6435:
6392:
6289:
6242:
6200:
6180:
6132:
6106:
6015:
5980:
5713:
5703:
5517:
5454:
5446:
5355:
5268:
5260:
5226:
5195:
5061:
5053:
5005:
4983:
4969:
4961:
4888:
4843:
4769:
4718:
4648:
4533:
4492:
4383:
4289:
4243:
4177:
4122:
4050:
4034:
3747:
3711:
3562:
3501:
2904:
2900:
2676:
There are many cultural and mythological aspects associated with the Himalayas. In
2563:
2430:
2398:. In the mountainous mixed deciduous and conifer forests of the eastern Himalayas,
2395:
1911:
1872:
1841:
1798:
1777:
1738:
1460:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1377:
1344:
1324:
1260:
1217:
1189:
1146:
1091:
1075:
844:
804:
768:
758:
738:
647:, lies just south of the northernmost bend of the Indus river. Its eastern anchor,
606:
514:
394:
372:
367:
6223:, Routledge Cultural Heritage and Tourism Series, London and New York: Routledge,
6221:
Tourism and Development in the Himalya: Social, Environmental, and Economic Forces
3454:
1490:
into Asia. About 20 mm per year of the India-Asia convergence is absorbed by
12857:
12358:
12346:
12331:
12286:
12236:
12176:
12118:
12079:
12067:
12060:
11969:
11786:
11769:
11744:
11417:
11407:
11330:
11288:
11225:
11210:
11202:
11185:
11175:
11096:
11056:
11007:
10767:
10759:
10699:
10474:
10354:
10217:
10199:
10042:
10032:
9862:
9763:
9668:
9645:
9620:
9378:
9270:
9216:
9175:
9150:
9145:
9113:
9049:
8957:
8936:
8900:
8718:
8587:
8567:
8524:
8394:
8346:
8301:
7990:
7380:
7253:
6703:
6558:
6511:
6293:
5247:
Rublee, Caitlin; Bhatta, Bishnu; Tiwari, Suresh; Pant, Suman (29 November 2023).
4811:
3381:
3350:
2879:
2726:
2606:
2419:
2383:
2379:
2259:
2244:
2185:
winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy rainfall in the
1907:
1837:
1681:
1521:
in the west. In the west, the glaciers joined with the ice stream network in the
1381:
1280:
1229:
1213:
1083:
1024:
1012:
938:
716:
628:
491:
197:
71:
59:
4925:
4892:
4847:
4836:"Status and Change of the Cryosphere in the Extended Hindu Kush Himalaya Region"
4773:
4294:
4277:
829:
818:
13002:
12951:
12850:
12814:
12794:
12777:
12717:
12481:
12373:
12351:
12341:
12193:
12171:
12055:
12050:
12035:
12030:
11957:
11903:
11855:
11826:
11732:
11722:
11357:
11325:
11300:
11259:
11230:
11215:
10242:
10194:
10037:
9707:
9680:
9625:
9266:
9257:
9180:
8910:
8841:
8791:
8673:
8627:
8582:
8562:
8512:
8465:
8450:
8366:
7704:
7681:
7601:
7586:
7367:
7271:
6784:
6774:
6708:
6663:
5685:
5450:
5036:
Gentle, Popular; Thwaites, Rik; Race, Digby; Alexander, Kim (November 2014). .
4387:
4038:
2971:
2970:
Sovereignty over the range is contested in several places, most notably in the
2666:
2464:
2414:
2371:
2325:
2318:
2229:
2165:
massifs and has annual precipitation of around 300 mm (12 in), while
2130:
1953:
1864:
1812:
1750:
1464:
1456:
1405:
1366:
1332:
1300:
1296:
1197:
1185:
720:
640:
582:
479:
336:
6246:
6204:
6019:
5984:
5942:
5521:
5057:
4722:
4652:
4181:
3751:
3680:
3527:
2602:
2541:
1652:
in western Tibet, and flows east through Tibet and west through the plains of
1526:
989:
196:
Mount Everest and surrounding peaks as seen from the north-northwest over the
13023:
12976:
12845:
12837:
12804:
12541:
12491:
12383:
12378:
12368:
12218:
12181:
12089:
12084:
11986:
11891:
11397:
11310:
11254:
11190:
11091:
11071:
10237:
10047:
9872:
9697:
9685:
9640:
9635:
9275:
9252:
9140:
9090:
9085:
9064:
9013:
8972:
8931:
8637:
8602:
8470:
8037:
7930:
7925:
7741:
7686:
7671:
7456:
7422:
7417:
6912:
6886:
6688:
6678:
6673:
6658:
6653:
6645:
6241:, Environmental Science and Engineering, Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature,
5847:
5230:
5199:
5126:
4660:
4189:
4046:
3574:
3513:
3420:
3356:
3032:
2950:
2858:
2785:
2781:
2687:
2641:
2236:
2154:
2108:
1957:
1943:
1818:
In recent years, scientists have monitored a notable increase in the rate of
1754:
1697:
1661:
1626:
1564:
1553:
1514:
1421:
1328:
1193:
1177:
1122:
1016:
960:
622:
602:
499:
205:
154:
141:
92:
6580:
6129:
Mobile Lifeworlds: An Ethnography of Tourism and Pilgrimage in the Himalayas
12880:
12819:
12799:
12789:
12499:
12471:
12226:
11964:
11898:
11867:
11816:
11688:
11617:
11554:
11544:
11061:
10950:
10535:
10442:
10247:
10052:
9920:
9712:
9650:
9630:
9185:
8977:
8796:
8678:
8612:
8572:
8288:
7774:
7766:
7696:
7394:
7389:
7363:
7266:
6861:
6856:
6836:
6748:
6571:
Journalistic project at the Pulitzer Centre for Crisis Reporting (archived)
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2002:
1947:
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1856:
1766:
1701:
1610:
1606:
1518:
1491:
1452:
1440:
1432:
1316:
1284:
1228:. The state is also home to the important pilgrimage destinations of Chota
1162:
1154:
1153:
as well as Tibet, before reaching their easterly conclusion in the peak of
1133:. Formerly an independent Kingdom, it lies on the main route from India to
1067:
1005:
648:
644:
636:
610:
570:
16:
Mountain range in Asia, separating Indo-Gangetic plain from Tibetan Plateau
6593:
6136:
5708:
4945:
Miehe, Georg; Miehe, Sabine; Vogel, Jonas; Co, Sonam; Duo, La (May 2007).
4278:"Evaluating high-altitude Ramsar wetlands in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas"
3005:
2997:
2214:
2097:
1717:
1074:, the capital of Nepal and the largest city in the Himalayas. East of the
12936:
12895:
12826:
12531:
12420:
12363:
12291:
12241:
12128:
12104:
11993:
11831:
11749:
11727:
11703:
11549:
11539:
11389:
11242:
11139:
10909:
10530:
10525:
10080:
9773:
9690:
9346:
9326:
8993:
8915:
8905:
8895:
8875:
8860:
8607:
8029:
7676:
7372:
7358:
6950:
6846:
6815:
6810:
6764:
6698:
6521:
6239:
Sustainable Tourism Development in the Himalya: Constraints and Prospects
4538:
4513:
4497:
4472:
2862:
tree is used to treat coughs and bronchitis. Leaf and stem paste from an
2682:
2596:
2150:
2011:
1979:
1975:
1917:
1880:
1849:
1746:
1685:
1641:
1602:
1597:
1549:
1409:
1373:
1268:
1209:
1181:
855:
566:
538:
304:
75:
63:
7080:
5855:
5831:
3919:
3903:
2021:
12466:
12435:
12261:
12256:
11920:
11881:
11843:
11761:
11634:
11519:
11514:
11246:
11113:
11044:
10085:
9600:
9291:
8890:
8880:
8870:
8838:
8424:
8263:
8240:
7940:
7719:
7632:
7568:
7427:
7407:
7402:
7114:
6881:
6738:
6728:
6683:
6625:
4239:
Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security
3715:
3694:
2875:
2870:
2832:
2824:
2391:
2295:
2291:
2272:
2190:
2162:
2123:
2079:
1903:
1884:
1785:
1726:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1618:
1614:
1574:
1570:
1475:
1468:
1320:
1221:
1166:
1094:
with four of the world's six highest mountains, including the highest:
1039:
1001:
970:
632:
614:
586:
554:
348:
43:
5958:
Geology of the Himalayan Belt: Deformation, Metamorphism, Stratigraphy
5494:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5242:
5240:
5066:
4015:"Accelerated mass loss of Himalayan glaciers since the Little Ice Age"
3626:"Devastating earthquakes are priming the Himalaya for a mega-disaster"
2713:
with their idols studded with precious stones over there and named it
12913:
12572:
12546:
12476:
12454:
12447:
12231:
12008:
11942:
11838:
11661:
11644:
11529:
11524:
11498:
11369:
11283:
11108:
11102:
11019:
10929:
10919:
10899:
10513:
10501:
10489:
10090:
9280:
9108:
9008:
9003:
8663:
8306:
8293:
7950:
7436:
7432:
7312:
6723:
5264:
4974:
4965:
4947:"Highest Treeline in the Northern Hemisphere Found in Southern Tibet"
3662:
3158:
A.P. Dimri; B. Bookhagen; M. Stoffel; T. Yasunari (8 November 2019).
2868:
is used for wounds and as an antidote for snake bites. The bark of a
2864:
2800:
2745:
2738:
2734:
2500:
2399:
2341:
2240:
2178:
2158:
1860:
1789:
1781:
1742:
1734:
1522:
1483:
1471:
1361:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1173:
1165:
mountains. The high mountains to the north of the Tsangpo, including
1141:
pass into Tibet. East of Sikkim lies the ancient Buddhist Kingdom of
1071:
1043:
1032:
982:
977:
557:
ranges, on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, and on the south by the
550:
549:, and China. The Himalayan range is bordered on the northwest by the
507:
314:
191:
47:
6066:(3rd ed.), Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press,
4309:
3794:
3479:
2725:. The Himalayas are also considered to be the father of the goddess
12440:
12045:
11981:
11952:
11862:
11821:
11629:
11609:
11489:
10924:
10874:
10869:
10864:
10484:
10149:
9605:
9352:
9340:
9262:
9033:
8683:
8021:
7666:
7637:
7627:
7609:
7398:
7111:
5475:
5409:
5323:
5237:
4934:. Washington, DC: National Council for Science and the Environment.
4627:
Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad; Rafiq, Mohammd; Rashid, Irfan (March 2018).
4247:
4237:
3666:
2789:
2777:
2761:
2749:
2656:
2335:
1793:
1762:
1758:
1479:
1304:
1233:
1205:
1138:
1079:
907:
883:
875:
863:
664:
598:
594:
546:
526:
352:
291:
5916:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4448:
2665:
is a sacred mountain for Hindus located in the Himalayas north of
1648:, as well as other tributaries. The Brahmaputra originates as the
12412:
12150:
12040:
11998:
11886:
11698:
11693:
11622:
11319:
11127:
10894:
10879:
10189:
10075:
9882:
9195:
8632:
8597:
8592:
8542:
8480:
8311:
8283:
8278:
8268:
7945:
7642:
7510:
7412:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
3815:
3161:
Himalayan Weather and Climate and their Impact on the Environment
2769:
2765:
2722:
2718:
2706:, had constructed three stupas and twenty four shrines of the 24
2698:
2677:
2662:
2504:
2492:
2468:
2283:
2181:
regions in the other continents. It also forms a barrier for the
2166:
2049:
2040:
1808:
1689:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1389:
1312:
1201:
1099:
1095:
1063:
1055:
859:
851:
542:
331:
223:
209:
4242:. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 29 November 2012.
2441:
located at 4,900 m (16,080 ft) in Southeastern Tibet.
1804:
965:
12918:
12022:
11976:
11683:
11670:
10934:
10540:
9905:
9610:
9028:
8998:
8653:
8622:
8552:
8455:
7935:
7578:
6929:
6896:
6876:
6779:
6455:
The Himalayan Dilemma: Reconciling Development and Conservation
2844:
2840:
2836:
2812:
2808:
2793:
2753:
2692:
2645:
2610:
2516:
2476:
2363:
2248:
2145:
2133:
during the monsoon season; the valley lies to the south of the
1970:
1770:
1730:
1693:
1645:
1637:
1622:
1336:
1308:
1264:
1245:
1237:
1142:
1130:
1111:
1107:
1103:
834:
618:
530:
239:
213:
201:
122:
67:
4759:
4425:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
1161:
river. On the other side of the Tsangpo, to the east, are the
1129:. The eastern side of Kangchenjunga is in the Indian state of
12769:
12664:
12208:
11506:
11490:
10939:
10144:
9910:
9127:
9123:
9100:
9018:
8807:
8273:
7978:
7541:
6866:
6789:
6397:
Himalayas. Growing Mountains, Living Myths, Migrating Peoples
4755:
4753:
4751:
2804:
2773:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2375:
2279:
2218:
Observed glacier mass loss in the HKH since the 20th century.
2186:
1888:
1653:
1413:
1288:
1225:
1134:
1126:
1047:
590:
562:
534:
522:
518:
495:
483:
442:
278:
265:
252:
115:
104:
5896:
5791:(5th ed.). Odyssey Books and Guides. pp. 136–137.
5498:
5249:"Three Climate and Health Lessons from Nepal Ahead of COP28"
5112:
Climate adaptation, local institutions and rural livelihoods
5031:
5029:
5027:
4710:
4684:"Climate shift linked to rise of Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau"
3959:
Shi, Yafeng; Xie, Zizhu; Zheng, Benxing; Li, Qichun (1978).
3659:
Quaternary Glaciation – Extent and Chronology, A Closer Look
2634:
1323:
ranges, in the disputed Pakistani-administered territory of
762:
710:
581:, rise in the vicinity of the Himalayas, and their combined
506:
exceeding elevations of 7,200 m (23,600 ft) above
19:
This article is about a mountain range. For other uses, see
11803:
9915:
9702:
8617:
6841:
6546:
The Digital Himalaya research project at Cambridge and Yale
6270:
6112:
10.1659/0276-4741(2003)023[0177:PTITCH]2.0.CO;2
6010:
Frisch, Wolfgang; Meschede, Martin; Blakey, Ronald (2011).
5771:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5035:
4878:
4402:
4158:"Modelling Chorabari Lake outburst flood, Kedarnath, India"
3961:"Distribution, Feature and Variations of Glaciers in China"
3540:
2512:
2508:
2472:
2278:
Future precipitation is projected to increase as well, but
2194:
2173:
The Himalayas have a profound effect on the climate of the
1058:, is the lowest point on the ridgeline between Everest and
790:
454:
448:
424:
418:
409:
319:
5832:"Lacunae in the Study of the History of Bhutan and Sikkim"
4748:
3990:
The Future of the World's Climate: A Modelling Perspective
2721:, the king of all mountains and the father of the goddess
2067:
with dry winters. Higher up, most of the Himalayas have a
8668:
5024:
3987:
3419:
Bishop, Barry C.; Chatterjee, Shiba P. (14 August 2023).
2444:
2358:
At high altitudes, the elusive and previously endangered
2026:
1169:, however, are also sometimes included in the Himalayas.
451:
433:
403:
6533:
Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010: Himalaya and Vicinity
6377:, 1990. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990.
6012:
Plate Tectonics: Continental Drift and Mountain Building
5170:
4872:
4826:
4155:
4012:
1848:
The Himalayan region is dotted with hundreds of lakes.
1584:
Despite their scale, the Himalayas do not form a major
1059:
6048:, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press,
5246:
4706:
4704:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4103:
1680:, sometimes included in the Himalayas, drain into the
1035:
are generally considered separate from the Himalayas.
752:
746:
6341:, 2nd rev. ed., Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1997.
5010:. The Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. p. 312.
4214:. People's Daily Online. 24 July 2007. Archived from
2434:. The highest known tree species in the Himalayas is
1997:
A critical influence on the Himalayan climate is the
1459:
into mountain ranges rather than subducting into the
463:
397:
6486:
Resource Information Database of the Indian Himalaya
6219:
Nyaupane, Gyan P.; Timothy, Dallen J., eds. (2022),
6009:
5425:
Das, Suraj; Mishra, Anindya Jayanta (1 March 2023).
4997:
3528:"Geologists Find: An Earth Plate Is Breaking in Two"
1121:
In the far east of Nepal, the Himalayas rise to the
445:
415:
6468:Lall, J.S. (ed.) in association with Moddie, A.D.,
5786:
4807:"A third of Himalayan ice cap doomed, finds report"
4701:
4354:
4271:
4269:
4267:
3075:
2717:. For the Hindus, the Himalayas are personified as
2696:. It is believed that after Rishabhanatha attained
2157:, which is sheltered from the monsoon rains by the
1287:, the most easterly of the five tributaries of the
929:In western literature, some writers refer to it as
439:
436:
430:
412:
406:
400:
5651:
4626:
3901:
3766:"Himalayas - Rivers, Glaciers, Peaks | Britannica"
3210:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 143–159.
3076:
2394:is found sporadically across the range, as is the
2255:, some of which may be prone to dangerous floods.
1502:active, leading to earthquakes from time to time.
1157:, situated in Tibet, inside the great bend of the
1027:, which is the highest and central range; and the
6375:Sherpas: Reflections on Change in Himalayan Nepal
4944:
4804:
4079:"Vanishing Himalayan Glaciers Threaten a Billion"
3988:Henderson-Sellers, Ann; McGuffie, Kendal (2012).
3151:
3056:, University Press of Kentucky, p. 8,11,12,
2874:is used for skin ailments. Nearly a fifth of the
2052:, autumn, (or post-monsoon), winter, and spring.
1737:(10 kg) of fresh water. Its glaciers include the
850:The name of the range is sometimes also given as
651:, lies immediately west of the great bend of the
13021:
6535:. Denver, United States Geological Survey, 2013.
5627:Healing Traditions of the Northwestern Himalayas
4832:
4264:
3418:
3125:
1855:South of the main range, the lakes are smaller.
1443:, the existence of which has been determined by
1424:were also formed as a result of this collision.
1212:, the Himalayas are regionally divided into the
10431:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
6339:Hindus of the Himalayas: Ethnography and Change
6218:
6190:
6179:(3), Royal Anthropological Institute: 721–738,
5336:
5003:
3207:Contemporary Studies in Environment and Tourism
1263:, is noted for its hill stations, particularly
854:in older writings, including the Sanskrit epic
6499:. Published by Tapovan Kuti Prakashan (2001).
6414:, Gurgaon, Indian Documentation Service, 1981.
6308:
6173:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
6105:(2), International Mountain Society: 177–184,
6046:The Asian Monsoon: Causes, History and Effects
4924:Hogan, C. Michael (2010). Monosson, E. (ed.).
4512:Kad, Pratik; Ha, Kyung-Ja (27 November 2023).
4471:Kad, Pratik; Ha, Kyung-Ja (27 November 2023).
3902:Kulkarni, Anil V.; Karyakarte, Yogesh (2014).
3197:
2499:hotspots, and 353 new species (242 plants, 16
1339:tract, extend into the Pakistani provinces of
691:
679:
667:
78:; and the two anchors of the range (in yellow)
11475:
10966:
9989:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
9307:
8823:
7526:
7328:
7096:
6609:
6585:
5922:
5109:
4602:
4458:
4419:
3958:
3051:
1664:through the world's largest river delta, the
1327:. Some portion of the Himalayas, such as the
948:
798:
772:
10980:
6152:
5649:
5629:. Springer Briefs in Environmental Science.
4607:, University Press of Kentucky, p. 52,
4518:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
4477:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
3651:
3649:
3647:
3345:
3069:
3037:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 14 August 2023.
9953:Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
8646:
6623:
6483:Nandy, S.N., Dhyani, P.P. and Samal, P.K.,
5955:
5625:Gupta, Pankaj; Sharma, Vijay Kumar (2014).
5624:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5300:
4365:
4275:
2847:are also dotted with numerous monasteries.
2780:. A notable example of a religious site is
2527:
2235:There is less conclusive evidence of light
1279:in India. This area marks the start of the
911:
887:
724:
421:
11482:
11468:
10973:
10959:
9948:Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
9314:
9300:
8830:
8816:
7533:
7519:
7335:
7321:
7103:
7089:
6616:
6602:
6043:
5836:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
3938:Fourth assessment report on climate change
3858:
3429:
3406:A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers
1898:Some of the lakes present the danger of a
1776:Owing to the mountains' latitude near the
1275:, the centre of the Tibetan community and
933:. This was also previously transcribed as
784:
782:
702:'dwelling/house'). They are now known as "
7110:
6399:, New York, Oxford: Facts On File, 1987.
6110:
6090:
5717:
5707:
5696:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
5458:
5424:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5272:
5065:
4973:
4537:
4496:
4293:
4054:
3730:
3691:
3685:
3655:
3644:
2831:in Tibet, including the residence of the
1656:. The Ganges and the Brahmaputra meet in
706:", usually shortened to "the Himalayas".
498:'s highest peaks, including the highest,
9321:
8968:Mahabharat Range (Lower Himalayan Range)
6472:. Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1981.
6424:, London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1956.
6044:Clift, Peter D.; Plumb, R. Alan (2008),
5780:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5297:
3926:
3904:"Observed changes in Himalayan Glaciers"
3435:
2803:sites are situated in the Himalayas, in
2601:
2587:
2557:
2540:
2443:
2232:has increased by 4.25 days per decade.
2213:
2020:
1952:
1895:, near the Indo-China border in Sikkim.
1836:
1803:
1716:
1360:
1011:The Himalayas consists of four parallel
996:
988:
976:
964:
9979:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
5923:Zurick, David; Pacheco, Julsun (2006),
5212:
5181:
5140:
5138:
5124:
4603:Zurick, David; Pocheco, Julsun (2006),
3455:"The Himalayas: Two continents collide"
3449:
3447:
3400:
3052:Zurick, David; Pocheco, Julsun (2006),
2553:
13022:
7342:
6457:. London / New York, Routledge, 1989.
6126:
5979:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature.
5974:
5740:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
4681:
3809:
3791:"Sunderbans the world's largest delta"
3783:
3203:
2111:; the region lies to the north of the
1509:, there was a connected ice stream of
541:. The sovereignty of the range in the
200:. Four eight-thousanders can be seen,
11463:
10954:
9295:
8811:
7514:
7316:
7084:
6597:
6584:
6575:Biological diversity in the Himalayas
6497:Himalaya: Through the Lens of a Sadhu
6096:
6061:
5829:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5366:
5310:
4923:
4805:Damian Carrington (4 February 2019).
4511:
4470:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3736:
3380:
3184:
2986:
1632:The other Himalayan rivers drain the
663:The name of the range hails from the
593:. Many Himalayan peaks are sacred in
7493:
6236:
5560:
5188:Anthrovision. Vaneasa Online Journal
5135:
4688:University of Wisconsin–Madison News
4554:"Weather & Season Info of Nepal"
4212:"Glaciers melting at alarming speed"
3444:
3119:participating institution membership
2265:Representative Concentration Pathway
1969:of the mountain, i.e. the amount of
1592:The western rivers combine into the
1380:. According to the modern theory of
1145:. The highest mountain in Bhutan is
969:Map of the Himalayas (including the
9974:Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
6528:, Cambridge University Press, 1948.
6453:Ives, Jack D. and Messerli, Bruno,
6170:
5672:
5654:Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend
5550:. BMP No. 12, Fire Lines and Lanes.
3846:from the original on 9 October 2022
3530:. Columbia University. 7 July 1995.
3436:Pletcher, Kenneth (13 March 2009).
2583:
625:—are off-limits to climbers.
13:
9958:Himalayan subtropical pine forests
7540:
6552:Geology of the Himalayan mountains
6313:
5960:. Amsterdam and Boston: Elsevier.
5925:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalayas
5869:"Himalayan Forests Disappearing".
5813:"Tibetan monks: A controlled life"
5789:Bhutan Himalayan Mountains Kingdom
5760:
5613:
4885:The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
4881:"Water in the Hindu Kush Himalaya"
4840:The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
4766:The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
3884:
3131:
2915:List of Himalayan peaks and passes
2648:, also known as the "Tiger's Nest"
957:List of Himalayan peaks and passes
127:8,848.86 m (29,031.7 ft)
14:
13081:
10683:Dehradun–Haridwar–Rishikesh Metro
9984:Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
9789:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
9784:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
6539:
6237:Pati, Vishwambhar Prasad (2020),
6099:Mountain Research and Development
5774:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya
5741:Cantor, Kimberly (14 July 2016).
5686:Jahangeer A. Bhat; Munesh Kumar;
5597:. 11 January 2012. Archived from
5564:Faith & Philosophy of Jainism
5144:
4954:Mountain Research and Development
4605:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya
4368:Wetlands Ecology & Management
4333:
3866:"The Himalayas – Himalayas Facts"
3326:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3301:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3276:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3251:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3226:www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de
3054:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya
2574:
2545:View of Ghandruk village in Nepal
2536:
2200:
1384:, its formation is a result of a
1259:The next Himalayan Indian state,
1220:Himalayas with the high peaks of
1176:, the largest lake in Nepal. The
13035:Mountain ranges of the Himalayas
12990:
12989:
12322:West South Central United States
11446:
11445:
10450:Monuments of National Importance
7492:
7480:
7469:
7468:
7455:
6348:, Vajra Books, Kathmandu, 2019.
6326:, Delhi, Permanent Black, 2003.
6185:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00452.x
5901:, Springer Open, ICIMOD, HIMAP,
5743:"Paro, Bhutan: The Tiger's Nest"
5182:Devkota, Fidel (1 August 2013).
4107:Science of the Total Environment
3604:"Plate Tectonics -The Himalayas"
3567:10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00499.x
3164:. Springer Nature. p. 380.
3003: 'snow, frost' and
2856:example, a bark extract from an
2655:
2633:
2455:This section is an excerpt from
2334:
2317:
2206:This section is an excerpt from
2122:
2096:
2005:create large differences in the
1989:
1563:
1541:
1066:and across the border in Tibet,
545:region is disputed among India,
393:
297:
284:
271:
258:
245:
232:
190:
108:
97:
36:
12537:Latin America and the Caribbean
12403:Latin America and the Caribbean
10465:Tourist attractions in Dehradun
6470:The Himalaya, Aspects of Change
6442:. Yale University Press, 2008.
5862:
5823:
5805:
5734:
5643:
5581:
5554:
5542:
5536:
5206:
5118:
5103:
4938:
4917:
4798:
4675:
4620:
4596:
4571:
4546:
4505:
4464:
4327:
4316:
4302:
4282:Global Ecology and Conservation
4230:
4204:
4149:
4127:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136455
4097:
4071:
4006:
3981:
3952:
3758:
3673:
3618:
3596:
3534:
3520:
3506:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.008
3473:
3412:
3394:
3387:The Himmaleh was known to stoop
3374:
3352:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
3339:
3314:
3289:
3264:
3239:
3214:
2946:List of Ultras of the Himalayas
2811:, and in the Indian regions of
1946:bottlenecks and rushes up past
1625:rivers, the five rivers of the
1236:, the source of the holy river
1137:, Tibet, which passes over the
709:The mountains are known as the
601:. The summits of several—
42:The arc of the Himalayas (also
10722:Institutes of higher education
8837:
6407:and New Delhi: Bookwise, 1987.
6274:Journal of Sustainable Tourism
6127:Howard, Christopher A (2016),
5110:Agrawal, A; Perrin, N (2008).
3992:. Elsevier. pp. 199–201.
3825:Geophysical Research Abstracts
3178:
3112:dwelling, abode) + -an suffix)
3045:
3025:
2977:
2964:
2069:subtropical highland climate (
1933:
839:
827:
816:
1:
9754:Ceded and Conquered Provinces
9462:Provincial Armed Constabulary
6892:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu
6412:Bibliography of the Himalayas
5658:. National Geographic Books.
3137:"Himalayas (mountains, Asia)"
3018:
2467:forests are predominant with
2366:or Himalayan blue sheep. The
2057:Köppen climate classification
1833:List of Alpine lakes in India
1078:lies the valley of the Bhote/
1070:. To the south of these lies
179:2,400 km (1,500 mi)
12004:Middle East and North Africa
11709:Middle East and North Africa
10389:Parliamentary constituencies
10325:Community Development Blocks
9821:Bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh
8942:Sino-Nepal Friendship Bridge
7984:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal
7834:Back to the Village campaign
7805:Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923
7302:North Himalayan Normal Fault
6569:South Asia's Troubled Waters
6294:10.1080/09669582.2011.638383
6080:
6064:Mountain Weather and Climate
6037:
5975:Davies, Geoffrey F. (2022).
5949:
5787:Pommaret, Francoise (2006).
5360:10.1016/0006-3207(94)90547-9
4682:Devitt, Terry (3 May 2001).
3793:. gits4u.com. Archived from
3187:Record Geol. Survey of India
2850:
2624:
2457:Hindu Kush § Flora and fauna
2386:. The critically endangered
1869:Shey Phoksundo National Park
1532:
1267:, the summer capital of the
993:Aerial view of the Himalayas
561:. Some of the world's major
513:The Himalayas abut or cross
494:. The range has some of the
7:
9457:Fire and Emergency Services
8911:Sunkoshi or Matsang Tsangpo
8362:South Asian Free Trade Area
6946:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
6516:Wanderings in the Himalayas
6309:Mountaineering and Trekking
5956:Chakrabarti, B. K. (2016).
5776:. Lexington: U of Kentucky.
5650:Dallapiccola, Anna (2002).
5502:Journal of Mountain Science
4893:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_8
4848:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_7
4774:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_3
4633:Journal of Mountain Science
4336:"Highest Lake in the World"
4295:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00715
4162:Journal of Mountain Science
3034:Himalayas (mountains, Asia)
3006:
2998:
2893:
2275:by the end of the century.
2208:Hindu Kush § Climate change
2115:(visible in the background)
1900:glacial lake outburst flood
1712:
1418:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1303:with the town and lakes of
763:
711:
692:
680:
668:
10:
13086:
12297:Northeastern United States
11154:Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains
9078:Autonomous Region of China
8476:Nepal Academy of Fine Arts
6085:
5890:
5885:
5451:10.1007/s13280-022-01810-3
4579:"Climate of the Himalayas"
4388:10.1007/s11273-020-09710-7
4310:"Photograph of Tsho Rolpa"
4039:10.1038/s41598-021-03805-8
3440:. Encyclopedia Britannica.
3425:. Encyclopedia Britannica.
3139:. Encyclopaedia Britannica
2925:List of mountains in India
2454:
2306:
2302:
2205:
1928:
1830:
1636:. Its main rivers are the
1354:
1350:
1295:where lie the mountainous
1244:, the source of the river
1192:from this lies the sacred
1088:China National Highway 318
954:
949:Geography and key features
18:
12985:
12927:
12904:
12871:
12835:
12768:
12662:
12570:
12561:
12490:
12411:
12217:
12021:
11802:
11760:
11669:
11660:
11608:
11565:
11505:
11443:
11388:
11309:
11241:
11201:
11070:
10997:
10988:
10853:
10801:
10758:
10749:
10739:Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman
10653:
10598:
10549:
10473:
10455:State Protected Monuments
10418:
10409:
10337:
10312:
10279:
10268:
10208:
10165:
10158:
10137:
10130:
10099:
10061:
10023:
10012:
10005:
9966:
9940:
9933:
9896:
9855:
9846:
9833:
9806:
9772:
9742:
9733:
9659:
9591:
9582:
9537:
9504:
9494:Provincial Forest Service
9489:Provincial Police Service
9479:Public Service Commission
9402:
9369:
9360:
9333:
9245:
9204:
9163:
9122:
9099:
9073:
9063:
9042:
8986:
8950:
8924:
8848:
8762:
8696:
8533:
8416:
8407:
8337:
8328:
8249:
8216:
8104:
8095:
8054:
8007:
7961:
7911:
7907:
7898:
7842:
7813:
7765:
7695:
7655:
7618:
7600:
7577:
7561:
7552:
7464:
7453:
7350:
7252:
7121:
7015:
6964:
6938:
6905:
6824:
6803:
6757:
6632:
6591:
6586:Links to related articles
6362:, the IMAX movie (1998).
6324:Footloose in the Himalaya
6247:10.1007/978-3-030-58854-0
6205:10.1080/14616680802643359
6020:10.1007/978-3-540-76504-2
5985:10.1007/978-3-030-91359-5
5567:. Gyan Publishing House.
5561:Jain, Arun Kumar (2009).
5522:10.1007/s11629-019-5616-3
5058:10.1007/s11069-014-1218-0
4723:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1
4653:10.1007/s11629-017-4566-x
4459:Zurick & Pacheco 2006
4420:Zurick & Pacheco 2006
4182:10.1007/s11629-018-4972-8
3752:10.1007/s10708-005-2338-6
3084:Oxford English Dictionary
3011: 'dwelling, abode'),
2065:Humid subtropical climate
1676:and the peaks beyond the
1486:from this ancient ocean.
1015:from south to north: the
799:
783:
773:
753:
751:) or 'The Land of Snow' (
747:
725:
697:
685:
673:
358:
342:
330:
325:
313:
222:
188:
183:
175:
170:
131:
121:
88:
83:
35:
30:
21:Himalaya (disambiguation)
13040:Mountain ranges of China
12778:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
11782:Transantarctic Mountains
10982:Mountain ranges of China
9529:Leader of the Opposition
9484:Provincial Civil Service
7297:South Tibetan Detachment
7262:Geology of the Himalayas
7122:Notable Himalayan quakes
6489:, Almora, GBPIHED, 2006.
6337:Berreman, Gerald Duane,
6014:. Heidelberg: Springer.
5403:climateactiontracker.org
5231:10.4000/anthrovision.589
5200:10.4000/anthrovision.589
5004:Ehsan Yarshater (2003).
3934:"the Himalayan Glaciers"
3606:. The Geological Society
2957:
2920:List of Himalayan topics
2827:. There were over 6,000
2788:is said to have founded
2528:Climate-related concerns
2309:Ecology of the Himalayas
2033:
1826:
1634:Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin
1357:Geology of the Himalayas
605:(from the Indian side),
482:in Asia, separating the
13065:Physiographic divisions
13060:Landforms of South Asia
13050:Geography of South Asia
12527:Caribbean South America
10377:Assembly constituencies
9759:North-Western Provinces
9452:Disaster Response Force
8925:Dams, barrages, bridges
8134:Chief of the Army Staff
7592:Maya (mother of Buddha)
6531:Turner, Bethan, et al.
6395:, Olschak, Blanche C.,
6346:Tales from the Himalaya
6131:, New York: Routledge,
6062:Barry, Roger E (2008),
5340:Biological Conservation
5213:Devkota, Fidel (2013).
4583:Encyclopedia Britannica
4276:O'Neill, A. R. (2019).
3968:World Glacier Inventory
3089:Oxford University Press
2910:Indian Himalayan Region
2595:in the Indian state of
1721:South Annapurna Glacier
1707:circum-Himalayan rivers
1672:The northern slopes of
1496:Himalaya southern front
1208:, Sufism and Bonpo. In
678:'abode of snow'), from
658:
13055:Landforms of East Asia
13045:Geography of East Asia
12307:Southern United States
12110:Scandinavian Peninsula
10729:Awards and decorations
10717:School Education Board
10302:Municipal Corporations
9611:Khasa Janapada kingdom
8461:International rankings
6956:Atolls of the Maldives
6734:Chittagong Hill Tracts
6091:Pilgrimage and Tourism
5545:"Fire Lines and Lanes"
2613:
2599:
2567:
2546:
2451:
2258:In the future, if the
2219:
2030:
1961:
1845:
1815:
1722:
1369:
1090:. Further east is the
1008:
994:
986:
985:range of the Himalayas
974:
729:), Hinvāl (हिंवाळ) in
704:the Himalaya Mountains
510:lie in the Himalayas.
12783:Antarctic Convergence
12327:Western United States
10382:Former constituencies
10360:2016 political crisis
10345:Coolie-Begar movement
8951:Geographical features
8146:Provincial assemblies
7843:Multi-party democracy
7287:Main Himalayan Thrust
6577:Encyclopedia of Earth
6564:Birth of the Himalaya
6438:and Weaver, Stewart,
6137:10.4324/9781315622026
5830:Mehra, P. L. (1960).
5709:10.1186/1746-4269-9-1
4931:Encyclopedia of Earth
3669:BV. pp. 943–965.
3486:Earth-Science Reviews
2605:
2591:
2561:
2544:
2447:
2217:
2024:
1956:
1840:
1807:
1720:
1650:Yarlung Tsangpo River
1402:Indo-Australian Plate
1398:Main Himalayan Thrust
1386:continental collision
1364:
1248:, and the temples at
1021:Lower Himalayan Range
1000:
992:
980:
968:
653:Yarlung Tsangpo River
637:Indian tectonic plate
11849:Greater Central Asia
11031:Tarbagatai Mountains
10623:Association football
10616:Women's cricket team
9816:Rampur Tiraha firing
9512:Legislative Assembly
9420:Council of Ministers
9350:(summer); judicial:
8987:Important localities
8241:Rural Municipalities
8196:Council of Ministers
8114:Constituent Assembly
7789:Treaty of Thapathali
7710:Prithvi Narayan Shah
7149:1833 Kathmandu–Bihar
6557:16 June 2010 at the
5871:Earth Island Journal
5589:"To heaven and back"
5128:Climate Risk Dataset
5007:Encyclopædia Iranica
4887:. pp. 257–299.
4842:. pp. 209–255.
4539:10.1029/2023JD038759
4498:10.1029/2023JD038759
3402:Thoreau, Henry David
2865:Andrachne cordifolia
2554:Agricultural impacts
2007:atmospheric pressure
1906:glacier lake in the
1311:. The twin peaks of
12995:Continents of Earth
12522:Brazilian Highlands
11931:Indian subcontinent
11792:Antarctic Peninsula
11590:Southern Hemisphere
11585:Northern Hemisphere
11279:Zhongtiao Mountains
11166:Gaoligong Mountains
11134:Bayan Har Mountains
10628:Men's football team
10426:World Heritage Site
10394:Rajya Sabha members
7355:Atmospheric science
7292:Main Central Thrust
7282:Main Frontal Thrust
6832:Indo-Gangetic plain
6765:Balochistan Plateau
6526:Mount Everest, 1938
6286:2012JSusT..20..757S
6193:Tourism Geographies
5514:2020JMouS..17.1462D
5443:2023Ambio..52..534D
5352:1994BCons..68...63O
5050:2014NatHa..74..815G
4645:2018JMouS..15..563R
4530:2023JGRD..12838759K
4489:2023JGRD..12838759K
4380:2020WetEM..28..375O
4174:2019JMouS..16...64R
4119:2020ScTEn.71436455K
4031:2021NatSR..1124284L
3837:2003EAEJA....13617G
3708:1987GeoJo..14..393M
3559:2005IsArc..14..297S
3498:2013ESRv..123..113G
3087:(Online ed.).
2988:[ɦɪmaːlɐjɐ]
2408:Kashmir gray langur
2404:Gee's golden langur
2368:Himalayan musk deer
2175:Indian subcontinent
2087:cold desert climate
2045:western disturbance
1660:and drain into the
1394:convergent boundary
1277:government in exile
1050:, separated by the
943:Henry David Thoreau
824:traditional Chinese
559:Indo-Gangetic Plain
488:Indian subcontinent
151: /
56:Indo-Gangetic Plain
12810:Great Barrier Reef
12431:Mainland Australia
12139:Apennine Peninsula
11600:Western Hemisphere
11575:Eastern Hemisphere
11451:Landforms of China
11423:Yuecheng Mountains
11341:Jingshan Mountains
11221:Changbai Mountains
11181:Qionglai Mountains
11160:Hengduan Mountains
11148:Tanggula Mountains
11026:Borohoro Mountains
10991:Geography of China
10611:Men's cricket team
10566:Govind Pashu Vihar
10350:Statehood movement
10297:Urban Local Bodies
9720:Anglo-Nepalese War
9601:Uttarakuru kingdom
9212:Friendship Highway
9181:Nepal Bhasa/Newari
9136:Darbhanga division
8714:Capital punishment
8380:Telecommunications
7996:Siliguri Corridor
7876:2015 earthquake -
7447:Quaternary science
7344:Physical geography
7189:1988 Myanmar-India
6744:Gandhamardan Hills
6714:Sulaiman Mountains
6410:Gupta, Raj Kumar,
6373:Fisher, James F.,
6344:Edmundson, Henry,
5690:(2 January 2013).
5688:Rainer W. Bussmann
5594:The Times of India
4768:. pp. 57–97.
4218:on 11 October 2017
4019:Scientific Reports
3922:– via JSTOR.
3872:. 11 February 2011
3839:. Abstract 13617.
3770:www.britannica.com
3716:10.1007/BF02602717
3438:"Kumaun Himalayas"
3322:"WIL Cologne Scan"
3297:"BEN Cologne Scan"
3272:"WIL Cologne Scan"
2871:Callicarpa arborea
2801:Vajrayana Buddhist
2614:
2600:
2568:
2547:
2452:
2437:Juniperus tibetica
2390:subspecies of the
2220:
2031:
1962:
1865:She-Phoksundo Lake
1863:in western Nepal,
1846:
1816:
1723:
1586:continental divide
1548:Confluence of the
1370:
1341:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1052:Kali Gandaki Gorge
1031:on the north. The
1019:on the south; the
1009:
995:
987:
975:
813:simplified Chinese
795:Himaloy Parvatmala
690:'frost/cold') and
276:
102:
84:Highest point
13017:
13016:
13011:
13010:
12891:Mediterranean Rim
12764:
12763:
12703:Mediterranean Sea
12557:
12556:
12510:Amazon Rainforest
12337:Canadian Prairies
12302:Pacific Northwest
12163:Iberian Peninsula
11948:Arabian Peninsula
11775:Antarctic Plateau
11535:Three/Four Worlds
11457:
11456:
11435:Western Mountains
11430:Longmen Mountains
11413:Nanling Mountains
11403:Daliang Mountains
11380:Xuefeng Mountains
11353:Jiuling Mountains
11348:Luoxiao Mountains
11296:Yandang Mountains
11273:Taihang Mountains
11267:Lüliang Mountains
11171:Yunling Mountains
11014:Dzungarian Alatau
10948:
10947:
10849:
10848:
10793:Udham Singh Nagar
10734:Uttarakhand Ratna
10678:Char Dham Railway
10673:Char Dham Highway
10594:
10593:
10586:Valley of Flowers
10399:Lok Sabha members
10333:
10332:
10264:
10263:
10260:
10259:
10256:
10255:
10126:
10125:
10001:
10000:
9997:
9996:
9929:
9928:
9868:Garhwal Himalayas
9829:
9828:
9802:
9801:
9725:Treaty of Sugauli
9578:
9577:
9472:Police Department
9467:Forest Department
9289:
9288:
9164:Languages/ people
9159:
9158:
8805:
8804:
8758:
8757:
8754:
8753:
8746:Human trafficking
8692:
8691:
8403:
8402:
8324:
8323:
8320:
8319:
8153:Political parties
8124:Foreign relations
8091:
8090:
8087:
8086:
7894:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7795:Lamjang and Kaski
7780:Jung Bahadur Rana
7757:Treaty of Sugauli
7651:
7650:
7508:
7507:
7442:Landscape ecology
7386:Coastal geography
7310:
7309:
7078:
7077:
6852:Indus River Delta
6493:Swami Sundaranand
6448:978-0-300-11501-7
6436:Isserman, Maurice
6422:Ascent of Everest
6393:Gruschke, Andreas
6354:978-9937-9330-3-2
6256:978-3-030-58853-3
6164:978-1-107-11471-5
6073:978-0-521-86295-0
6055:978-0-521-84799-5
6029:978-3-540-76503-5
5994:978-3-030-91358-8
5967:978-0-12-802021-0
5908:978-3-319-92287-4
5798:978-962-217-810-6
5665:978-0-500-51088-9
5636:978-81-322-1925-5
5574:978-81-7835-723-2
5158:Missing or empty
5017:978-0-933273-76-4
4902:978-3-319-92287-4
4857:978-3-319-92287-4
4783:978-3-319-92287-4
4732:978-3-319-92288-1
4461:, pp. 50–51.
4342:on 18 August 2012
4257:978-0-309-26098-5
3999:978-0-12-386917-3
3977:on 24 April 2013.
3797:on 3 January 2015
3632:. 17 January 2019
3247:"MW Cologne Scan"
3222:"MW Cologne Scan"
3171:978-3-030-29684-1
3117:(Subscription or
2817:Arunachal Pradesh
2593:Garhwal Himalayas
2129:A village in the
2016:orographic effect
1999:Southwest Monsoon
1940:Southwest monsoon
1449:continental crust
1445:sedimentary rocks
1299:and the renowned
1293:Jammu and Kashmir
1151:Arunachal Pradesh
1029:Tibetan Himalayas
921:lord of mountains
800:হিমালয় পর্বতমালা
381:
380:
155:27.983°N 86.917°E
52:eight-thousanders
13077:
12993:
12992:
12972:Global Southwest
12967:Global Southeast
12957:Global Northwest
12952:Global Northeast
12942:Global Heartland
12886:Indian Ocean Rim
12568:
12567:
12460:Island Melanesia
12151:Balkan Peninsula
11926:Himalayan states
11873:Russian Far East
11667:
11666:
11595:Water Hemisphere
11484:
11477:
11470:
11461:
11460:
11449:
11448:
11375:Wuling Mountains
11363:Wugong Mountains
11336:Wudang Mountains
11122:Kunlun Mountains
11062:Liupan Mountains
11050:Qilian Mountains
11039:Kunlun Mountains
10975:
10968:
10961:
10952:
10951:
10756:
10755:
10519:Kedarnath Temple
10507:Badrinath Temple
10495:Yamunotri Temple
10416:
10415:
10277:
10276:
10163:
10162:
10135:
10134:
10118:Scheduled Tribes
10113:Scheduled Castes
10105:Scheduled Tribes
10101:Scheduled Castes
10021:
10020:
10010:
10009:
9938:
9937:
9853:
9852:
9844:
9843:
9794:United Provinces
9740:
9739:
9616:Himalaya kingdom
9589:
9588:
9367:
9366:
9316:
9309:
9302:
9293:
9292:
9222:Mahendra Highway
9171:Standard Tibetan
9071:
9070:
9067:districts/ areas
9055:2008 Bihar flood
8832:
8825:
8818:
8809:
8808:
8785:
8778:
8771:
8644:
8643:
8531:
8530:
8414:
8413:
8370:
8335:
8334:
8297:
8214:
8213:
8189:
8102:
8101:
8041:
8033:
8025:
7999:
7998:(Chicken's Neck)
7974:Kathmandu Valley
7909:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7860:2005 coup d'état
7829:Panchayat system
7752:Balbhadra Kunwar
7725:Kingdom of Nepal
7693:
7692:
7575:
7574:
7559:
7558:
7535:
7528:
7521:
7512:
7511:
7496:
7495:
7484:
7472:
7471:
7459:
7377:Paleoclimatology
7337:
7330:
7323:
7314:
7313:
7229:April 2015 Nepal
7179:1950 Assam–Tibet
7105:
7098:
7091:
7082:
7081:
6872:Coromandel Coast
6795:Pothohar Plateau
6719:Toba Kakar Range
6648:
6618:
6611:
6604:
6595:
6594:
6582:
6581:
6389:Gansser, Augusto
6304:
6267:
6233:
6215:
6187:
6167:
6149:
6123:
6114:
6076:
6058:
6033:
6006:
5971:
5945:
5919:
5879:
5878:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5819:. 20 March 2008.
5809:
5803:
5802:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5769:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5721:
5711:
5683:
5670:
5669:
5657:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5622:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5585:
5579:
5578:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5508:(6): 1462–1474.
5496:
5473:
5472:
5462:
5422:
5407:
5406:
5395:
5364:
5363:
5334:
5321:
5320:
5308:
5295:
5294:
5276:
5265:10.31478/202311f
5253:NAM Perspectives
5244:
5235:
5234:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5179:
5168:
5167:
5161:
5156:
5154:
5146:
5142:
5133:
5132:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5094:
5089:
5087:
5079:
5069:
5033:
5022:
5021:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4986:. Archived from
4977:
4966:10.1659/mrd.0792
4951:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4757:
4746:
4744:
4708:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4558:Classic Himalaya
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4423:
4417:
4400:
4399:
4363:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4338:. Archived from
4331:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4273:
4262:
4261:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4058:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3970:. Archived from
3965:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3899:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3845:
3822:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3746:(3–4): 193–650.
3734:
3728:
3727:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3653:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3382:Dickinson, Emily
3378:
3372:
3371:Entry: "Himavan"
3370:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3100:Etymology: <
3097:
3095:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3029:
3012:
3009:
3001:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2968:
2905:Western Himalaya
2659:
2637:
2584:Local adaptation
2566:village in Nepal
2396:Asian black bear
2338:
2321:
2135:Annapurna massif
2126:
2113:Annapurna massif
2100:
2029:in the Himalayas
1912:Dolakha District
1873:Gurudongmar Lake
1842:Gurudongmar Lake
1799:perennial rivers
1780:, the permanent
1778:Tropic of Cancer
1573:river valley in
1567:
1556:in the Himalayas
1545:
1517:in the east and
1505:During the last
1437:Australian Plate
1429:Upper Cretaceous
1378:metamorphic rock
1325:Gilgit-Baltistan
1261:Himachal Pradesh
1190:Lake Manasarovar
1147:Gangkhar Puensum
1092:Mahalangur Himal
1076:Kathmandu Valley
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
841:
840:Xǐmǎlāyǎ Shānmài
832:
821:
811:Mountain Range (
802:
801:
788:
787:
786:
785:سلسلہ کوہ ہمالیہ
781:Mountain Range (
776:
775:
766:
761:, also known as
756:
755:
750:
749:
728:
727:
714:
705:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
607:Gangkhar Puensum
474:
470:
466:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
303:
301:
300:
290:
288:
287:
277:
275:
274:
264:
262:
261:
251:
249:
248:
238:
236:
235:
194:
166:
165:
163:
162:
161:
156:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
114:
112:
111:
103:
101:
100:
40:
28:
27:
13085:
13084:
13080:
13079:
13078:
13076:
13075:
13074:
13070:Tibetan Plateau
13020:
13019:
13018:
13013:
13012:
13007:
12981:
12923:
12900:
12867:
12831:
12760:
12749:South China Sea
12658:
12601:Central America
12553:
12486:
12407:
12359:Northern Mexico
12347:Northern Canada
12332:Atlantic Canada
12287:Mountain states
12213:
12068:European Russia
12061:Southern Russia
12017:
11970:Iranian Plateau
11798:
11787:West Antarctica
11770:East Antarctica
11756:
11656:
11604:
11580:Land Hemisphere
11561:
11501:
11488:
11458:
11453:
11439:
11418:Jiuyi Mountains
11408:Dalou Mountains
11384:
11331:Dabie Mountains
11305:
11289:Tianmu Mountain
11237:
11226:Wanda Mountains
11211:Greater Khingan
11197:
11186:Daxue Mountains
11176:Ailao Mountains
11097:Pamir Mountains
11074:
11066:
11057:Helan Mountains
11008:Altai Mountains
10993:
10984:
10979:
10949:
10944:
10856:
10845:
10797:
10745:
10700:Kumaoni cuisine
10656:
10649:
10640:Olympic Stadium
10635:Cricket Stadium
10590:
10552:
10545:
10476:
10469:
10405:
10370:Local elections
10355:Chipko movement
10329:
10308:
10271:
10252:
10204:
10154:
10122:
10104:
10102:
10095:
10057:
10015:
9993:
9962:
9925:
9892:
9863:Great Himalayas
9848:
9838:
9836:
9825:
9808:
9798:
9775:
9768:
9764:Agra Presidency
9745:
9735:
9729:
9686:Katyuri dynasty
9669:Garhwal Kingdom
9661:
9655:
9646:Kuninda Kingdom
9621:Parvata kingdom
9606:Paurava kingdom
9593:
9574:
9533:
9500:
9432:Chief Secretary
9398:
9356:
9338:: legislative:
9329:
9320:
9290:
9285:
9241:
9217:Araniko Highway
9200:
9155:
9151:Munger division
9146:Purnia division
9118:
9114:Sagarmatha Zone
9095:
9059:
9050:Floods in Bihar
9038:
8994:Nyalam/ Tsongdu
8982:
8958:Tibetan Plateau
8946:
8937:Kosi embankment
8920:
8844:
8836:
8806:
8801:
8788:
8781:
8774:
8767:
8750:
8688:
8642:
8588:Maghe Sankranti
8529:
8493:Public holidays
8456:Gurkhas/Gorkhas
8399:
8368:
8316:
8295:
8245:
8212:
8187:
8083:
8074:Protected areas
8050:
8039:
8031:
8023:
8003:
7997:
7991:Tibetan Plateau
7969:Cities of Nepal
7957:
7886:
7870:Jana Andolan II
7838:
7824:1951 revolution
7809:
7761:
7747:Anglo-Nepal War
7697:Early Shah rule
7691:
7659:
7657:
7647:
7620:Lichchhavi rule
7614:
7596:
7579:Shakya Republic
7573:
7548:
7539:
7509:
7504:
7460:
7451:
7381:Palaeogeography
7346:
7341:
7311:
7306:
7254:Plate tectonics
7248:
7199:1991 Uttarkashi
7129:1505 Lo Mustang
7117:
7109:
7079:
7074:
7011:
6960:
6934:
6901:
6820:
6799:
6753:
6704:Anaimalai Hills
6644:
6628:
6622:
6587:
6559:Wayback Machine
6542:
6512:Tapovan Maharaj
6316:
6314:Further reading
6311:
6257:
6231:
6165:
6147:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6074:
6056:
6040:
6030:
5995:
5968:
5952:
5935:
5909:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5882:
5877:(4): 7–8. 2006.
5868:
5867:
5863:
5828:
5824:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5799:
5785:
5781:
5770:
5761:
5751:
5749:
5747:Huffington Post
5739:
5735:
5684:
5673:
5666:
5648:
5644:
5637:
5623:
5614:
5604:
5602:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5575:
5559:
5555:
5547:
5541:
5537:
5497:
5476:
5423:
5410:
5397:
5396:
5367:
5335:
5324:
5309:
5298:
5245:
5238:
5211:
5207:
5180:
5171:
5159:
5157:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5136:
5123:
5119:
5108:
5104:
5092:
5090:
5081:
5080:
5038:Natural Hazards
5034:
5025:
5018:
5002:
4998:
4993:on 6 June 2013.
4990:
4949:
4943:
4939:
4922:
4918:
4903:
4877:
4873:
4858:
4831:
4827:
4817:
4815:
4812:TheGuardian.com
4803:
4799:
4784:
4758:
4749:
4733:
4709:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4680:
4676:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4601:
4597:
4587:
4585:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4560:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4510:
4506:
4469:
4465:
4457:
4426:
4418:
4403:
4364:
4355:
4345:
4343:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4317:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4274:
4265:
4258:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4154:
4150:
4102:
4098:
4088:
4086:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3943:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3908:Current Science
3900:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3820:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3735:
3731:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3654:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3539:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3434:
3430:
3417:
3413:
3399:
3395:
3379:
3375:
3367:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3202:
3198:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3104:(Sanskrit <
3093:
3091:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3050:
3046:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3015:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2896:
2853:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2638:
2627:
2607:Likir Monastery
2586:
2577:
2556:
2539:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2460:
2420:Hydrangea hirta
2384:Himalayan goral
2380:Himalayan serow
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2311:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2267:4.5 (RCP4.5).
2260:Paris Agreement
2211:
2203:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2101:
2039:mountains, the
2036:
1992:
1936:
1931:
1908:Rowaling Valley
1835:
1829:
1820:glacier retreat
1715:
1682:Irrawaddy River
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1546:
1535:
1382:plate tectonics
1359:
1353:
1281:Punjab Himalaya
1159:Yarlang Tsangpo
1084:Araniko Highway
1025:Great Himalayas
1013:mountain ranges
963:
951:
939:Emily Dickinson
923:
920:
917:
914:
899:
896:
893:
890:
703:
661:
621:in the Tibetan
492:Tibetan Plateau
472:
468:
464:
429:
396:
392:
377:
309:
298:
296:
285:
283:
272:
270:
259:
257:
246:
244:
233:
231:
218:
217:
212:(8,201 m), and
198:Tibetan Plateau
159:
157:
153:
150:
145:
142:
140:
138:
137:
109:
107:
98:
96:
79:
72:Yarlung Tsangpo
60:Tibetan plateau
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
13083:
13073:
13072:
13067:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13015:
13014:
13009:
13008:
13006:
13005:
13003:Physical Earth
12986:
12983:
12982:
12980:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12959:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12933:
12931:
12925:
12924:
12922:
12921:
12916:
12910:
12908:
12902:
12901:
12899:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12877:
12875:
12869:
12868:
12866:
12865:
12860:
12855:
12854:
12853:
12842:
12840:
12833:
12832:
12830:
12829:
12824:
12823:
12822:
12817:
12815:Mariana Trench
12812:
12802:
12797:
12795:Atlantic Ocean
12792:
12787:
12786:
12785:
12774:
12772:
12766:
12765:
12762:
12761:
12759:
12758:
12756:Southern Ocean
12753:
12752:
12751:
12746:
12744:East China Sea
12736:
12735:
12734:
12724:
12723:
12722:
12721:
12720:
12715:
12710:
12700:
12695:
12690:
12685:
12678:Atlantic Ocean
12675:
12669:
12667:
12660:
12659:
12657:
12656:
12655:
12654:
12649:
12639:
12638:
12637:
12632:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12611:
12610:
12605:
12604:
12603:
12598:
12583:
12577:
12575:
12565:
12559:
12558:
12555:
12554:
12552:
12551:
12550:
12549:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12514:
12513:
12512:
12507:
12496:
12494:
12488:
12487:
12485:
12484:
12482:Remote Oceania
12479:
12474:
12469:
12464:
12463:
12462:
12452:
12451:
12450:
12445:
12444:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12417:
12415:
12409:
12408:
12406:
12405:
12400:
12399:
12398:
12397:
12396:
12391:
12376:
12371:
12366:
12361:
12356:
12355:
12354:
12352:Western Canada
12349:
12344:
12342:Eastern Canada
12339:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12314:
12309:
12304:
12299:
12294:
12289:
12284:
12279:
12274:
12269:
12264:
12259:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12223:
12221:
12215:
12214:
12212:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12190:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12169:
12168:
12167:
12166:
12165:
12155:
12154:
12153:
12143:
12142:
12141:
12131:
12126:
12116:
12115:
12114:
12113:
12112:
12102:
12097:
12092:
12087:
12077:
12076:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12064:
12063:
12058:
12056:South Caucasus
12053:
12051:North Caucasus
12043:
12033:
12027:
12025:
12019:
12018:
12016:
12015:
12014:
12013:
12012:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11991:
11990:
11989:
11984:
11974:
11973:
11972:
11962:
11961:
11960:
11958:South Caucasus
11950:
11940:
11939:
11938:
11933:
11928:
11918:
11917:
11916:
11911:
11901:
11896:
11895:
11894:
11889:
11879:
11878:
11877:
11876:
11875:
11860:
11859:
11858:
11853:
11852:
11851:
11836:
11835:
11834:
11829:
11827:Aralkum Desert
11824:
11814:
11808:
11806:
11800:
11799:
11797:
11796:
11795:
11794:
11784:
11779:
11778:
11777:
11766:
11764:
11758:
11757:
11755:
11754:
11753:
11752:
11747:
11742:
11741:
11740:
11735:
11725:
11715:
11714:
11713:
11712:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11681:
11675:
11673:
11664:
11658:
11657:
11655:
11654:
11653:
11652:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11626:
11625:
11618:Africa-Eurasia
11614:
11612:
11606:
11605:
11603:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11587:
11582:
11577:
11571:
11569:
11563:
11562:
11560:
11559:
11558:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11542:
11532:
11527:
11522:
11517:
11511:
11509:
11503:
11502:
11487:
11486:
11479:
11472:
11464:
11455:
11454:
11444:
11441:
11440:
11438:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11426:
11425:
11420:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11394:
11392:
11386:
11385:
11383:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11366:
11365:
11360:
11358:Mufu Mountains
11355:
11345:
11344:
11343:
11338:
11328:
11326:Daba Mountains
11323:
11315:
11313:
11307:
11306:
11304:
11303:
11301:Wuyi Mountains
11298:
11292:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11269:
11264:
11263:
11262:
11260:Lang Mountains
11251:
11249:
11239:
11238:
11236:
11235:
11234:
11233:
11231:Qian Mountains
11228:
11218:
11216:Lesser Khingan
11213:
11207:
11205:
11199:
11198:
11196:
11195:
11194:
11193:
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11156:
11151:
11144:
11143:
11142:
11137:
11130:
11118:
11117:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11094:
11089:
11081:
11079:
11068:
11067:
11065:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11053:
11052:
11047:
11035:
11034:
11033:
11028:
11016:
11011:
11003:
11001:
10995:
10994:
10989:
10986:
10985:
10978:
10977:
10970:
10963:
10955:
10946:
10945:
10943:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10861:
10859:
10851:
10850:
10847:
10846:
10844:
10843:
10838:
10833:
10828:
10823:
10818:
10813:
10807:
10805:
10799:
10798:
10796:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10764:
10762:
10753:
10747:
10746:
10744:
10743:
10742:
10741:
10736:
10726:
10725:
10724:
10719:
10709:
10704:
10703:
10702:
10692:
10687:
10686:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10661:
10659:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10647:
10645:Sports College
10642:
10637:
10632:
10631:
10630:
10620:
10619:
10618:
10613:
10602:
10600:
10596:
10595:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10568:
10563:
10557:
10555:
10547:
10546:
10544:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10522:
10521:
10511:
10510:
10509:
10499:
10498:
10497:
10487:
10481:
10479:
10471:
10470:
10468:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10446:
10445:
10438:Ramsar Wetland
10435:
10434:
10433:
10422:
10420:
10413:
10407:
10406:
10404:
10403:
10402:
10401:
10396:
10386:
10385:
10384:
10374:
10373:
10372:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10341:
10339:
10335:
10334:
10331:
10330:
10328:
10327:
10322:
10316:
10314:
10310:
10309:
10307:
10306:
10305:
10304:
10294:
10289:
10283:
10281:
10274:
10270:Administrative
10266:
10265:
10262:
10261:
10258:
10257:
10254:
10253:
10251:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10214:
10212:
10206:
10205:
10203:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10171:
10169:
10160:
10156:
10155:
10153:
10152:
10147:
10141:
10139:
10132:
10128:
10127:
10124:
10123:
10121:
10120:
10115:
10109:
10107:
10097:
10096:
10094:
10093:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10073:
10067:
10065:
10063:Tibeto-Burmans
10059:
10058:
10056:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10029:
10027:
10018:
10007:
10003:
10002:
9999:
9998:
9995:
9994:
9992:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9970:
9968:
9964:
9963:
9961:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9944:
9942:
9935:
9931:
9930:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9902:
9900:
9894:
9893:
9891:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9878:Mountain peaks
9875:
9870:
9865:
9859:
9857:
9850:
9841:
9831:
9830:
9827:
9826:
9824:
9823:
9818:
9812:
9810:
9804:
9803:
9800:
9799:
9797:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9780:
9778:
9770:
9769:
9767:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9750:
9748:
9737:
9731:
9730:
9728:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9716:
9715:
9708:Gorkha Kingdom
9705:
9700:
9695:
9694:
9693:
9688:
9681:Kumaon Kingdom
9678:
9677:
9676:
9674:Panwar dynasty
9665:
9663:
9657:
9656:
9654:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9626:Kirata kingdom
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9597:
9595:
9586:
9580:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9573:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9541:
9539:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9520:
9519:
9508:
9506:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9498:
9497:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9476:
9475:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9428:
9427:
9417:
9415:Chief Minister
9412:
9406:
9404:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9375:
9373:
9364:
9358:
9357:
9336:State capitals
9334:
9331:
9330:
9319:
9318:
9311:
9304:
9296:
9287:
9286:
9284:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9260:
9255:
9249:
9247:
9243:
9242:
9240:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9208:
9206:
9202:
9201:
9199:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9167:
9165:
9161:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9132:
9130:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9116:
9111:
9105:
9103:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9093:
9091:Tingri County
9088:
9082:
9080:
9068:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9057:
9052:
9046:
9044:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8990:
8988:
8984:
8983:
8981:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8954:
8952:
8948:
8947:
8945:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8928:
8926:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8852:
8850:
8846:
8845:
8835:
8834:
8827:
8820:
8812:
8803:
8802:
8800:
8799:
8794:
8787:
8786:
8779:
8772:
8764:
8763:
8760:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8748:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8700:
8698:
8694:
8693:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8650:
8648:
8641:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8628:Chasok Tangnam
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8583:Buddha Jayanti
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8563:Dipankha Yatra
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8539:
8537:
8528:
8527:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8495:
8490:
8489:
8488:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8417:
8411:
8405:
8404:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8338:
8332:
8326:
8325:
8322:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8315:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8255:
8253:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8243:
8238:
8236:Municipalities
8233:
8228:
8222:
8220:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8208:
8198:
8193:
8192:
8191:
8182:Prime Minister
8179:
8178:
8177:
8175:Vice President
8167:
8165:Heads of state
8162:
8161:
8160:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8105:
8099:
8093:
8092:
8089:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8064:Climate change
8060:
8058:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8043:
8035:
8027:
8019:
8013:
8011:
8005:
8004:
8002:
8001:
7993:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7976:
7971:
7965:
7963:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7917:
7915:
7902:
7896:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7884:
7874:
7873:
7872:
7862:
7857:
7855:Royal massacre
7852:
7850:Jana Andolan I
7846:
7844:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7820:
7818:
7814:Post-Rana and
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7782:
7777:
7771:
7769:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7737:Sino-Nepal War
7734:
7733:
7732:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7705:Gorkha Kingdom
7701:
7699:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7682:Chaubisi Rajya
7679:
7674:
7669:
7663:
7661:
7653:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7624:
7622:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7612:
7606:
7604:
7602:Kirata kingdom
7598:
7597:
7595:
7594:
7589:
7587:Gautama Buddha
7583:
7581:
7572:
7571:
7565:
7563:
7556:
7550:
7549:
7538:
7537:
7530:
7523:
7515:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7490:
7478:
7465:
7462:
7461:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7392:
7383:
7370:
7368:Phytogeography
7361:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7340:
7339:
7332:
7325:
7317:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7272:Eurasian Plate
7269:
7264:
7258:
7256:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7234:May 2015 Nepal
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7125:
7123:
7119:
7118:
7108:
7107:
7100:
7093:
7085:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7022:
7020:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6828:
6826:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6785:Mysore Plateau
6782:
6780:Ladakh Plateau
6777:
6775:Deccan Plateau
6772:
6767:
6761:
6759:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6709:Cardamom Hills
6706:
6701:
6696:
6694:Himachal Range
6691:
6689:Shivalik Hills
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6664:Aravalli Range
6661:
6656:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6629:
6621:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6598:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6579:
6578:
6572:
6566:
6561:
6549:
6541:
6540:External links
6538:
6537:
6536:
6529:
6519:
6508:
6490:
6481:
6466:
6451:
6433:
6415:
6408:
6386:
6371:
6357:
6342:
6335:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6280:(5): 757–772,
6268:
6255:
6234:
6229:
6216:
6188:
6175:, New Series,
6168:
6163:
6150:
6145:
6124:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6059:
6054:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6028:
6007:
5993:
5972:
5966:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5933:
5920:
5907:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5861:
5822:
5804:
5797:
5779:
5759:
5733:
5671:
5664:
5642:
5635:
5612:
5601:on 7 July 2012
5580:
5573:
5553:
5535:
5474:
5437:(3): 534–545.
5408:
5365:
5322:
5311:Berstrand, s.
5296:
5236:
5205:
5169:
5134:
5117:
5102:
5044:(2): 815–836.
5023:
5016:
4996:
4960:(2): 169–173.
4937:
4926:"Extremophile"
4916:
4901:
4871:
4856:
4825:
4797:
4782:
4747:
4731:
4700:
4674:
4639:(3): 563–576.
4619:
4613:
4595:
4570:
4545:
4504:
4463:
4424:
4401:
4374:(2): 375–388.
4353:
4326:
4315:
4301:
4288:(e00715): 19.
4263:
4256:
4248:10.17226/13449
4229:
4203:
4148:
4096:
4070:
4005:
3998:
3980:
3951:
3925:
3914:(2): 237–244.
3883:
3857:
3808:
3782:
3757:
3729:
3702:(4): 393–421.
3684:
3672:
3643:
3617:
3595:
3553:(4): 297–310.
3547:The Island Arc
3533:
3519:
3472:
3443:
3428:
3411:
3393:
3373:
3365:
3338:
3313:
3288:
3263:
3238:
3213:
3196:
3177:
3170:
3150:
3124:
3068:
3062:
3044:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3013:
2976:
2972:Kashmir region
2962:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2852:
2849:
2667:Kashmir Valley
2661:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2639:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2575:Policy changes
2573:
2555:
2552:
2538:
2537:Health impacts
2535:
2529:
2526:
2465:sclerophyllous
2461:
2453:
2415:climate change
2372:Himalayan tahr
2340:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:Himalayan tahr
2323:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:Main article:
2304:
2301:
2247:, and western
2230:growing season
2212:
2204:
2202:
2201:Climate change
2199:
2131:Pokhara Valley
2128:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2102:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2035:
2032:
1991:
1988:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1828:
1825:
1813:Khumbu Glacier
1714:
1711:
1670:
1669:
1630:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1547:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1465:oceanic trench
1453:thrust faulted
1406:Eurasian Plate
1400:) between the
1355:Main article:
1352:
1349:
1333:Margalla Hills
1301:Kashmir Valley
1198:Kailash Ranges
1188:. Just across
1186:Gurla Mandhata
950:
947:
941:'s poetry and
910:: पर्वतेश्वर,
723:(both written
660:
657:
641:Eurasian Plate
583:drainage basin
480:mountain range
379:
378:
376:
375:
370:
364:
362:
356:
355:
346:
340:
339:
337:Alpine orogeny
334:
328:
327:
323:
322:
317:
311:
310:
308:
307:
294:
281:
268:
255:
242:
228:
226:
220:
219:
195:
189:
186:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
168:
167:
160:27.983; 86.917
135:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
50:) showing the
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13082:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13027:
13025:
13004:
13000:
12996:
12988:
12987:
12984:
12978:
12975:
12973:
12970:
12968:
12965:
12963:
12960:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12934:
12932:
12930:
12926:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12912:
12911:
12909:
12907:
12903:
12897:
12894:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12879:
12878:
12876:
12874:
12870:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12852:
12849:
12848:
12847:
12844:
12843:
12841:
12839:
12834:
12828:
12825:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12807:
12806:
12805:Pacific Ocean
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12784:
12781:
12780:
12779:
12776:
12775:
12773:
12771:
12767:
12757:
12754:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12741:
12740:
12739:Pacific Ocean
12737:
12733:
12730:
12729:
12728:
12725:
12719:
12716:
12714:
12711:
12709:
12706:
12705:
12704:
12701:
12699:
12696:
12694:
12693:Caribbean Sea
12691:
12689:
12686:
12684:
12681:
12680:
12679:
12676:
12674:
12671:
12670:
12668:
12666:
12661:
12653:
12650:
12648:
12645:
12644:
12643:
12640:
12636:
12635:by population
12633:
12631:
12628:
12627:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12609:
12608:South America
12606:
12602:
12599:
12597:
12594:
12593:
12592:
12591:North America
12589:
12588:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12578:
12576:
12574:
12569:
12566:
12564:
12560:
12548:
12545:
12544:
12543:
12542:Southern Cone
12540:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12518:
12517:Andean States
12515:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12502:
12501:
12498:
12497:
12495:
12493:
12492:South America
12489:
12483:
12480:
12478:
12475:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12461:
12458:
12457:
12456:
12453:
12449:
12446:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12428:
12427:
12424:
12423:
12422:
12419:
12418:
12416:
12414:
12410:
12404:
12401:
12395:
12392:
12390:
12387:
12386:
12385:
12382:
12381:
12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12343:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12333:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12308:
12305:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12254:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12228:
12225:
12224:
12222:
12220:
12219:North America
12216:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12182:Low Countries
12180:
12178:
12175:
12174:
12173:
12170:
12164:
12161:
12160:
12159:
12158:South-western
12156:
12152:
12149:
12148:
12147:
12146:South-eastern
12144:
12140:
12137:
12136:
12135:
12134:South-central
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12124:Mediterranean
12122:
12121:
12120:
12117:
12111:
12108:
12107:
12106:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12091:
12090:British Isles
12088:
12086:
12083:
12082:
12081:
12078:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12048:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12038:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12028:
12026:
12024:
12020:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11996:
11995:
11992:
11988:
11987:Levantine Sea
11985:
11983:
11980:
11979:
11978:
11975:
11971:
11968:
11967:
11966:
11963:
11959:
11956:
11955:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11945:
11944:
11941:
11937:
11934:
11932:
11929:
11927:
11924:
11923:
11922:
11919:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11906:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11884:
11883:
11880:
11874:
11871:
11870:
11869:
11866:
11865:
11864:
11861:
11857:
11854:
11850:
11847:
11846:
11845:
11842:
11841:
11840:
11837:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11819:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11809:
11807:
11805:
11801:
11793:
11790:
11789:
11788:
11785:
11783:
11780:
11776:
11773:
11772:
11771:
11768:
11767:
11765:
11763:
11759:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11739:
11736:
11734:
11731:
11730:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11721:
11720:
11719:
11716:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11691:
11690:
11687:
11686:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11679:Mediterranean
11677:
11676:
11674:
11672:
11668:
11665:
11663:
11659:
11651:
11648:
11647:
11646:
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11624:
11621:
11620:
11619:
11616:
11615:
11613:
11611:
11607:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11576:
11573:
11572:
11570:
11568:
11564:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11543:
11541:
11538:
11537:
11536:
11533:
11531:
11528:
11526:
11523:
11521:
11518:
11516:
11513:
11512:
11510:
11508:
11504:
11500:
11496:
11492:
11485:
11480:
11478:
11473:
11471:
11466:
11465:
11462:
11452:
11442:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11416:
11415:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11398:Cang Mountain
11396:
11395:
11393:
11391:
11387:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11350:
11349:
11346:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11333:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11321:
11317:
11316:
11314:
11312:
11308:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11293:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11274:
11270:
11268:
11265:
11261:
11258:
11257:
11256:
11255:Yin Mountains
11253:
11252:
11250:
11248:
11244:
11240:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11223:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11208:
11206:
11204:
11200:
11192:
11191:Min Mountains
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11163:
11162:
11161:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11149:
11145:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11135:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11125:
11124:
11123:
11119:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11104:
11100:
11099:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11092:Transhimalaya
11090:
11088:
11087:
11083:
11082:
11080:
11078:
11073:
11072:Qinghai-Tibet
11069:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11042:
11041:
11040:
11036:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11023:
11022:
11021:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11009:
11005:
11004:
11002:
11000:
10996:
10992:
10987:
10983:
10976:
10971:
10969:
10964:
10962:
10957:
10956:
10953:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10913:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10862:
10860:
10858:
10852:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10836:Tehri Garhwal
10834:
10832:
10829:
10827:
10826:Pauri Garhwal
10824:
10822:
10819:
10817:
10814:
10812:
10809:
10808:
10806:
10804:
10800:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10761:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10748:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10731:
10730:
10727:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10714:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10701:
10698:
10697:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10665:
10663:
10662:
10660:
10658:
10652:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10629:
10626:
10625:
10624:
10621:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10608:
10607:
10604:
10603:
10601:
10597:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10554:
10548:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10520:
10517:
10516:
10515:
10512:
10508:
10505:
10504:
10503:
10500:
10496:
10493:
10492:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10482:
10480:
10478:
10472:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10444:
10441:
10440:
10439:
10436:
10432:
10429:
10428:
10427:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10408:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10391:
10390:
10387:
10383:
10380:
10379:
10378:
10375:
10371:
10368:
10367:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10342:
10340:
10336:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10317:
10315:
10311:
10303:
10300:
10299:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10284:
10282:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10267:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10215:
10213:
10211:
10210:Tibeto-Burman
10207:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10172:
10170:
10168:
10164:
10161:
10157:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10142:
10140:
10136:
10133:
10129:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10110:
10108:
10106:
10098:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10068:
10066:
10064:
10060:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10030:
10028:
10026:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10011:
10008:
10004:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9971:
9969:
9965:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9945:
9943:
9939:
9936:
9932:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9903:
9901:
9899:
9895:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9873:Sivalik Hills
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9860:
9858:
9854:
9851:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9832:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9813:
9811:
9805:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9781:
9779:
9777:
9771:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9751:
9749:
9747:
9741:
9738:
9732:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9714:
9711:
9710:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9703:Raika Kingdom
9701:
9699:
9698:Khasa Kingdom
9696:
9692:
9691:Chand dynasty
9689:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9682:
9679:
9675:
9672:
9671:
9670:
9667:
9666:
9664:
9658:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9641:Kushan Empire
9639:
9637:
9636:Maurya Empire
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9598:
9596:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9581:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9550:Chief Justice
9548:
9546:
9543:
9542:
9540:
9536:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9513:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9503:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9481:
9480:
9477:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9449:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9426:
9423:
9422:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9407:
9405:
9401:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9372:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9359:
9355:
9354:
9349:
9348:
9343:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9328:
9324:
9317:
9312:
9310:
9305:
9303:
9298:
9297:
9294:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9268:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9250:
9248:
9244:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9209:
9207:
9203:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9162:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9141:Kosi division
9139:
9137:
9134:
9133:
9131:
9129:
9125:
9121:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9106:
9104:
9102:
9098:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9086:Nyalam County
9084:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9072:
9069:
9066:
9062:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9047:
9045:
9041:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9014:Namche Bazaar
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8991:
8989:
8985:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8973:Sivalik Hills
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8955:
8953:
8949:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8932:Koshi Barrage
8930:
8929:
8927:
8923:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8847:
8843:
8840:
8833:
8828:
8826:
8821:
8819:
8814:
8813:
8810:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8789:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8773:
8770:
8766:
8765:
8761:
8747:
8744:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8726:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8695:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8645:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8603:Gyalpo Lhosar
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8540:
8538:
8536:
8532:
8526:
8523:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8500:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8487:
8486:Ethnic groups
8484:
8483:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8471:Nepal Academy
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8426:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8406:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8339:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8327:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8248:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8219:
8215:
8207:
8206:Chief Justice
8204:
8203:
8202:
8201:Supreme Court
8199:
8197:
8194:
8190:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8180:
8176:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8159:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8139:
8135:
8132:
8131:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8094:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8069:Deforestation
8067:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8053:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8036:
8034:
8028:
8026:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8010:
8006:
8000:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7960:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7926:Mount Everest
7924:
7923:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7897:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7845:
7841:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7812:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7770:
7768:
7764:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7742:Bhimsen Thapa
7740:
7738:
7735:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7700:
7698:
7694:
7688:
7687:Newa kingdoms
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7672:Khasa kingdom
7670:
7668:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7654:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7599:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7547:
7543:
7536:
7531:
7529:
7524:
7522:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7501:
7500:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7483:
7479:
7477:
7476:
7467:
7466:
7463:
7458:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7423:Geostatistics
7421:
7419:
7418:Geomorphology
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7349:
7345:
7338:
7333:
7331:
7326:
7324:
7319:
7318:
7315:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7251:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7113:
7106:
7101:
7099:
7094:
7092:
7087:
7086:
7083:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7019:
7014:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6937:
6931:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6913:Coastal India
6911:
6910:
6908:
6904:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6887:Rann of Kutch
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6823:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6679:Satpura Range
6677:
6675:
6674:Vindhya Range
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6659:Eastern Ghats
6657:
6655:
6654:Western Ghats
6652:
6647:
6646:Mount Everest
6643:
6642:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6624:Geography of
6619:
6614:
6612:
6607:
6605:
6600:
6599:
6596:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6534:
6530:
6527:
6523:
6522:Tilman, H. W.
6520:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6506:
6505:81-901326-0-1
6502:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6479:
6478:0-19-561254-X
6475:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6463:0-415-01157-4
6460:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6430:0-89886-361-9
6427:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6413:
6409:
6406:
6405:0-8160-1994-0
6402:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6383:0-520-06941-2
6380:
6376:
6372:
6369:
6368:0-7888-1493-1
6365:
6361:
6358:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6332:81-7824-052-1
6329:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6235:
6232:
6230:9780367466275
6226:
6222:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6199:(1): 95–119,
6198:
6194:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6169:
6166:
6160:
6156:
6151:
6148:
6146:9780367877989
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6095:
6094:
6075:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6057:
6051:
6047:
6042:
6041:
6031:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5959:
5954:
5953:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5934:9780813123882
5930:
5926:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5894:
5876:
5872:
5865:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5826:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5800:
5794:
5790:
5783:
5775:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5748:
5744:
5737:
5729:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5667:
5661:
5656:
5655:
5646:
5638:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5584:
5576:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5557:
5546:
5539:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5318:
5314:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5243:
5241:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5209:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5165:
5152:
5141:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5125:Maple Croft.
5121:
5113:
5106:
5098:
5085:
5077:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5019:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5000:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4920:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4875:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4829:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4707:
4705:
4689:
4685:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4614:9780813173849
4610:
4606:
4599:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4422:, p. 50.
4421:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4341:
4337:
4334:Drews, Carl.
4330:
4324:
4319:
4311:
4305:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4140:
4136:
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4085:. 4 June 2007
4084:
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3870:Nature on PBS
3867:
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3679:glacier maps
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3362:
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3357:Penguin Books
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3209:
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3200:
3193:(2): 189–220.
3192:
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3154:
3138:
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3133:Bishop, Barry
3128:
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3010:
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2951:Trekking peak
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2884:pteridophytes
2881:
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2859:Abies pindrow
2848:
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2806:
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2786:Padmasambhava
2783:
2782:Paro Taktsang
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
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2731:Pashupatinath
2728:
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2688:Rishabhanatha
2685:
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2664:
2658:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2622:
2618:
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2598:
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2590:
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2572:
2565:
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2521:invertebrates
2518:
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2268:
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2256:
2254:
2253:glacial lakes
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2237:precipitation
2233:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2209:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2155:Upper Mustang
2152:
2147:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2114:
2110:
2109:Upper Mustang
2106:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2028:
2025:A caravan of
2023:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1990:Precipitation
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1959:
1958:Gandaki River
1955:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:Bay of Bengal
1941:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
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1806:
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1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1765:region), and
1764:
1760:
1756:
1755:Mount Everest
1752:
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1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1699:
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1679:
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1662:Bay of Bengal
1659:
1655:
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1643:
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1628:
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1572:
1566:
1555:
1554:Zanskar River
1551:
1544:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:Kangchenjunga
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
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1466:
1462:
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1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1422:Bay of Bengal
1419:
1415:
1412:highlands in
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1348:
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1329:Kaghan Valley
1326:
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1318:
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1302:
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1282:
1278:
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1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:Mount Kailash
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:Karnali River
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:Kangchenjunga
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:Sivalik Hills
1014:
1007:
1003:
999:
991:
984:
979:
972:
967:
962:
961:Himalayan Rim
958:
953:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
909:
905:
904:Parvateshwara
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
842:
836:
831:
825:
820:
814:
810:
806:
796:
792:
780:
770:
765:
760:
754:གངས་ཅན་ལྗོངས་
744:
740:
736:
732:
722:
718:
713:
707:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
666:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
624:
623:Transhimalaya
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:Kangchenjunga
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:six countries
511:
509:
505:
501:
500:Mount Everest
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:
459:
390:
386:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
363:
361:
357:
354:
350:
347:
345:
341:
338:
335:
333:
329:
324:
321:
318:
316:
312:
306:
295:
293:
282:
280:
269:
267:
256:
254:
243:
241:
230:
229:
227:
225:
221:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
193:
187:
182:
178:
174:
169:
164:
136:
134:
130:
126:
124:
120:
117:
106:
94:
93:Mount Everest
91:
87:
82:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
31:The Himalayas
29:
26:
22:
13001: /
12999:List of seas
12997: /
12962:Global South
12947:Global North
12881:Atlantic Rim
12820:Ring of Fire
12800:Indian Ocean
12790:Arctic Ocean
12732:Persian Gulf
12727:Indian Ocean
12708:Adriatic Sea
12673:Arctic Ocean
12505:Amazon Basin
12500:Amazon Plain
12472:Near Oceania
12277:Mid-Atlantic
12227:Aridoamerica
12187:Northwestern
12100:Northwestern
12073:Southeastern
11965:Greater Iran
11904:Southeastern
11899:Pacific Asia
11868:Pacific Asia
11856:Northeastern
11812:Asia–Pacific
11555:Fourth World
11545:Second World
11318:
11271:
11158:
11146:
11132:
11120:
11101:
11085:
11084:
11077:Southwestern
11037:
11018:
11006:
10999:Northwestern
10536:Panch Prayag
10443:Asan Barrage
10006:Demographics
9921:Ganges Basin
9807:Contemporary
9713:Shah dynasty
9651:Gupta Empire
9631:Nanda Empire
9351:
9345:
9339:
9246:Other basins
8978:Chatra Gorge
8962:
8856:Arun/Bum-chu
8783:Bibliography
8724:Human rights
8647:Celebrations
8613:Sonam Lhosar
8573:Yomari Punhi
8518:Christianity
8431:Demographics
8352:Child labour
8109:Constitution
7931:Kanchenjunga
7920:
7775:Kot massacre
7497:
7485:
7473:
7395:Soil science
7390:Oceanography
7364:Biogeography
7277:Oldham Fault
7267:Indian Plate
7214:2008 Damxung
7209:2005 Kashmir
7204:1999 Chamoli
7154:1885 Kashmir
7144:1803 Garhwal
7134:1555 Kashmir
7066:Southeastern
7061:Southwestern
7041:Northeastern
7031:Northwestern
6862:Ganges Delta
6857:Ganges Basin
6847:Indus Valley
6837:Punjab plain
6770:Chota Nagpur
6749:Lushai Hills
6639:
6532:
6525:
6515:
6496:
6484:
6469:
6454:
6439:
6421:
6411:
6396:
6374:
6359:
6345:
6338:
6323:
6320:Aitken, Bill
6277:
6273:
6238:
6220:
6196:
6192:
6176:
6172:
6154:
6128:
6102:
6098:
6063:
6045:
6011:
5976:
5957:
5924:
5898:
5874:
5870:
5864:
5839:
5835:
5825:
5816:
5807:
5788:
5782:
5773:
5750:. Retrieved
5746:
5736:
5699:
5695:
5653:
5645:
5626:
5603:. Retrieved
5599:the original
5592:
5583:
5563:
5556:
5538:
5505:
5501:
5434:
5430:
5402:
5346:(1): 63–68.
5343:
5339:
5317:www.eesi.org
5316:
5256:
5252:
5222:
5219:Anthrovision
5218:
5208:
5191:
5187:
5127:
5120:
5111:
5105:
5084:cite journal
5041:
5037:
5006:
4999:
4988:the original
4957:
4953:
4940:
4929:
4919:
4884:
4874:
4839:
4828:
4816:. Retrieved
4810:
4800:
4765:
4713:
4691:. Retrieved
4687:
4677:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4604:
4598:
4586:. Retrieved
4582:
4573:
4561:. Retrieved
4557:
4548:
4521:
4517:
4507:
4480:
4476:
4466:
4371:
4367:
4344:. Retrieved
4340:the original
4329:
4318:
4304:
4285:
4281:
4238:
4232:
4220:. Retrieved
4216:the original
4206:
4168:(1): 64–76.
4165:
4161:
4151:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4087:. Retrieved
4082:
4073:
4025:(1): 24284.
4022:
4018:
4008:
3989:
3983:
3972:the original
3967:
3954:
3942:. Retrieved
3940:. IPPC. 2007
3937:
3928:
3911:
3907:
3874:. Retrieved
3869:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3828:
3824:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:the original
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3769:
3760:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:downloadable
3675:
3658:
3634:. Retrieved
3629:
3620:
3610:13 September
3608:. Retrieved
3598:
3586:. Retrieved
3550:
3546:
3536:
3522:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3463:. Retrieved
3461:. 5 May 1999
3431:
3421:
3414:
3405:
3396:
3386:
3376:
3351:
3347:Roshen Dalal
3341:
3329:. Retrieved
3325:
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3300:
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3275:
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3250:
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3225:
3216:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3160:
3153:
3141:. Retrieved
3127:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3092:. Retrieved
3082:
3071:
3053:
3047:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3004:
2996:
2979:
2966:
2888:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2799:A number of
2798:
2757:
2743:
2714:
2708:
2697:
2691:
2681:
2675:
2619:
2615:
2578:
2569:
2548:
2531:
2497:biodiversity
2449:Snow leopard
2435:
2429:
2426:rhododendron
2418:
2412:
2360:snow leopard
2357:
2353:extremophile
2349:
2277:
2269:
2257:
2234:
2224:
2221:
2172:
2142:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2037:
2003:Indian Ocean
1996:
1993:
1984:
1963:
1948:Namcha Barwa
1937:
1923:
1916:
1897:
1893:Lake Tsongmo
1887:district of
1877:North Sikkim
1857:Tilicho Lake
1854:
1847:
1817:
1775:
1724:
1706:
1702:Yellow River
1671:
1633:
1593:
1583:
1519:Nanga Parbat
1504:
1488:
1474:with fossil
1451:, they were
1441:Tethys Ocean
1433:Indian Plate
1426:
1371:
1317:Nanga Parbat
1297:Jammu region
1285:Sutlej river
1258:
1171:
1163:Kangri Garpo
1155:Namche Barwa
1120:
1068:Shishapangma
1037:
1010:
1006:Annapurna II
1004:valley with
952:
934:
931:the Himalaya
930:
928:
903:
897:king of snow
879:
871:
867:
849:
838:
808:
794:
778:
771:(written as
742:
734:
708:
662:
649:Namcha Barwa
645:Nanga Parbat
627:
611:Machapuchare
512:
502:. More than
388:
384:
382:
360:Type of rock
25:
12977:Global West
12937:Global East
12896:Pacific Rim
12838:waterbodies
12827:World Ocean
12652:New Zealand
12532:The Guianas
12421:Australasia
12364:West Indies
12292:New England
12272:Great Lakes
12242:Mesoamerica
12129:Middle East
12105:Scandinavia
11994:Middle East
11832:Caspian Sea
11738:Great Lakes
11718:Sub-Saharan
11704:Middle East
11567:Hemispheres
11550:Third World
11540:First World
11493:'s primary
11140:Amne Machin
10910:Pithoragarh
10831:Rudraprayag
10788:Pithoragarh
10571:Jim Corbett
10531:Panch Kedar
10526:Sapta Badri
10025:Indo-Aryans
9809:Uttarakhand
9736:Uttarakhand
9560:Bar Council
9505:Legislature
9447:Departments
9347:Bhararisain
9327:Uttarakhand
8709:Witch-hunts
8664:Bratabandha
8608:Tamu Lhosar
8342:Agriculture
8056:Environment
7785:Tibetan War
7715:Unification
7677:Baise Rajya
7373:Climatology
7359:Meteorology
7224:2011 Sikkim
7219:2009 Bhutan
7164:1905 Kangra
7139:1714 Bhutan
7115:earthquakes
7007:Afghanistan
6951:Lakshadweep
6816:Thar Desert
6811:Thal Desert
6699:Khasi Hills
5842:: 190–201.
4524:(22). AGU.
4483:(22). AGU.
4346:14 November
3492:: 113–132.
3078:"Himalayan"
2991:; from
2880:angiosperms
2876:gymnosperms
2829:monasteries
2758:mahasiddhas
2752:started in
2715:Sinhnishdha
2709:tirthankara
2702:, his son,
2690:, attained
2683:tirthankara
2644:Monastery,
2597:Uttarakhand
2424:especially
2355:organisms.
2151:rain shadow
2105:cold desert
2012:thermal low
1980:heat budget
1976:heat island
1934:Temperature
1881:Gokyo Lakes
1850:Pangong Tso
1747:Uttarakhand
1686:Andaman Sea
1642:Brahmaputra
1603:Arabian Sea
1594:Indus Basin
1550:Indus River
1500:seismically
1427:During the
1410:Arakan Yoma
1374:sedimentary
1269:British Raj
1230:Chaar Dhaam
1210:Uttarakhand
1182:Sarda River
945:'s essays.
870:or Himavan
856:Mahabharata
737:(हिमाल) in
579:Brahmaputra
539:Afghanistan
373:sedimentary
368:Metamorphic
344:Age of rock
305:Afghanistan
208:(8,848 m),
204:(8,462 m),
158: /
133:Coordinates
76:Brahmaputra
13024:Categories
12718:Ionian Sea
12713:Aegean Sea
12683:Baltic Sea
12615:Antarctica
12467:Micronesia
12436:New Guinea
12394:Portuguese
12317:West Coast
12267:East Coast
12262:Bible Belt
12257:Appalachia
11936:Subregions
11844:Inner Asia
11762:Antarctica
11662:Continents
11635:Antarctica
11610:Landmasses
11520:Down Under
11515:Arab World
11499:subregions
11114:Yengisogat
11045:Altyn-Tagh
10841:Uttarkashi
10664:Transport
10576:Nanda Devi
10228:Chaudangsi
10167:Indo-Aryan
9934:Ecoregions
9847:Geological
9565:Lok Adalat
9545:High Court
9362:Government
9344:(winter);
8881:Imja Khola
8871:Dudh Koshi
8866:Bhotekoshi
8446:Literature
8369:(currency)
8294:Kathmandu
8264:Biratnagar
8141:Parliament
8046:West Rapti
8024:(Ghaghara)
7941:Dhaulagiri
7720:Kalu Pande
7633:Amshuverma
7569:Bhadrabahu
7428:Glaciology
7408:Geobiology
7403:Edaphology
7244:2023 Nepal
7239:2021 Assam
7194:1988 Nepal
7184:1980 Nepal
7174:1947 Assam
7169:1934 Bihar
7159:1897 Assam
6997:Bangladesh
6965:By country
6923:West Coast
6918:East Coast
6882:Sundarbans
6739:Naga Hills
6729:Hindu Kush
6684:Garo Hills
6626:South Asia
6548:(archived)
6418:Hunt, John
5943:1102237054
5917:2018954855
5160:|url=
5093:|url=
5067:1885/66271
4818:20 October
4693:1 November
4323:Tsho Rolpa
4113:: 136455.
3944:22 January
3876:21 January
3850:4 November
3831:: 13,617.
3740:GeoJournal
3695:GeoJournal
3121:required.)
3019:References
2833:Dalai Lama
2825:Darjeeling
2815:, Sikkim,
2739:shaligrams
2501:amphibians
2431:box myrtle
2400:red pandas
2392:brown bear
2382:, and the
2296:hydropower
2292:irrigation
2273:permafrost
2243:, eastern
2191:Taklamakan
2163:Dhaulagiri
2107:region of
2080:Darjeeling
2055:Using the
1904:Tsho Rolpa
1885:Solukhumbu
1871:of Nepal,
1831:See also:
1786:New Guinea
1753:glaciers (
1727:Antarctica
1674:Gyala Peri
1666:Sunderbans
1658:Bangladesh
1644:, and the
1575:Solukhumbu
1571:Imja Khola
1494:along the
1476:trilobites
1469:Ordovician
1392:along the
1321:Hindu Kush
1273:Dharamsala
1222:Nanda Devi
1167:Gyala Peri
1116:Arun river
1040:Dhaulagiri
1002:Marsyangdi
971:Hindu Kush
955:See also:
886:: हिमराज,
807:, and the
639:under the
633:subduction
615:Nanda Devi
587:South Asia
573:, and the
555:Hindu Kush
349:Cretaceous
216:(8,516 m).
171:Dimensions
54:(in red);
48:Karakorams
44:Hindu Kush
13030:Himalayas
12914:Antarctic
12698:Irish Sea
12688:Black Sea
12647:Australia
12596:Caribbean
12573:continent
12547:Patagonia
12477:Polynesia
12455:Melanesia
12448:Zealandia
12426:Australia
12312:Southwest
12232:Caribbean
12009:Near East
11650:submerged
11645:Zealandia
11640:Australia
11530:Old World
11525:New World
11370:Huangshan
11284:Mount Tai
11203:Northeast
11109:Argu Tagh
11103:Karakoram
11086:Himalayas
11020:Tian Shan
10930:Mussoorie
10920:New Tehri
10900:Rishikesh
10778:Champawat
10773:Bageshwar
10751:Districts
10712:Education
10514:Kedarnath
10502:Badrinath
10490:Yamunotri
10419:Monuments
10365:Elections
10287:Districts
10272:divisions
10131:Languages
10091:Banrawats
10043:Jaunsaris
10033:Garhwalis
9941:Highlands
9856:Mountains
9835:Geography
9570:Lokayukta
9538:Judiciary
9403:Executive
9271:Baitarani
9205:Transport
9109:Kosi Zone
9024:Bhimnagar
9009:Bahrabise
9004:Dolalghat
8963:Himalayas
8901:Sangkhuwa
8886:Indravati
8535:Festivals
8441:Languages
8436:Education
8395:Workforce
8390:Transport
8375:Squatting
8357:Companies
8307:Nepalgunj
8296:(capital)
8259:Bharatpur
8231:Provinces
8226:Districts
8218:Divisions
8170:President
8158:Communism
8119:Elections
8040:(Gandaki)
8038:Narayani
7951:Annapurna
7921:Himalayas
7913:Mountains
7900:Geography
7865:Civil war
7816:Panchayat
7800:Tribhuvan
7767:Rana rule
7437:Limnology
7433:Hydrology
7112:Himalayan
6992:Sri Lanka
6724:Karakoram
6640:Himalayas
6633:Mountains
6302:153859477
6265:229256111
6003:245636487
5848:2249-1937
5530:219281555
5291:265597908
5076:129787080
4975:1956/2482
4911:133800578
4866:134814572
4792:134572569
4741:199491088
4669:134568990
4661:1672-6316
4396:211081106
4198:134015944
4190:1672-6316
4143:210933887
4047:2045-2322
3801:3 January
3724:129366521
3663:Amsterdam
3583:140603614
3575:1038-4871
3514:0012-8252
3465:3 January
3422:Himalayas
2984:Sanskrit:
2851:Resources
2746:Buddhists
2735:Muktinath
2625:Religions
2388:Himalayan
2342:Red panda
2241:Karakoram
2179:temperate
2159:Annapurna
1910:, in the
1861:Rara Lake
1844:in Sikkim
1790:Rwenzoris
1782:snow line
1761:glacier (
1757:region),
1743:Yamunotri
1533:Hydrology
1523:Karakoram
1492:thrusting
1484:ostracods
1472:limestone
1463:along an
1367:years ago
1254:Kedarnath
1250:Badrinath
1242:Yamunotri
1174:Rara Lake
1072:Kathmandu
1044:Annapurna
1033:Karakoram
983:Annapurna
748:ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་
551:Karakoram
508:sea level
504:100 peaks
490:from the
385:Himalayas
315:Continent
224:Countries
184:Geography
123:Elevation
62:; rivers
12441:Tasmania
12389:Hispanic
12252:Northern
12199:Germanic
12177:Atlantic
12119:Southern
12080:Northern
12046:Caucasus
11982:Dead Sea
11953:Caucasus
11921:Southern
11914:Maritime
11909:Mainland
11882:Northern
11863:Far East
11822:Aral Sea
11745:Southern
11689:Northern
10925:Nainital
10915:Srinagar
10905:Ramnagar
10890:Rudrapur
10885:Kashipur
10875:Haldwani
10870:Haridwar
10865:Dehradun
10821:Haridwar
10816:Dehradun
10783:Nainital
10668:Airports
10561:Gangotri
10551:National
10485:Gangotri
10475:Chardham
10338:Politics
10320:Parganas
10185:Jaunsari
10175:Garhwali
10150:Sanskrit
10138:Official
10071:Bhotiyas
10038:Kumaonis
9967:Lowlands
9849:features
9734:Colonial
9662:kingdoms
9660:Medieval
9594:kingdoms
9442:Agencies
9425:Cabinets
9410:Governor
9353:Nainital
9341:Dehradun
9267:Brahmani
9263:Mahanadi
9258:Godavari
9191:Maithili
9065:Riparian
9034:Khagaria
8792:Category
8729:Intersex
8704:Abortion
8684:Antyesti
8679:Shraddha
8578:Gadhimai
8508:Buddhism
8503:Hinduism
8498:Religion
8302:Lalitpur
8289:Janakpur
8129:Military
8097:Politics
8079:Wildlife
8022:Karnali
7730:Monarchs
7667:Arimalla
7656:Medieval
7638:Bhrikuti
7628:Manadeva
7610:Yalamber
7546:articles
7475:Category
7399:Pedology
7051:Southern
7046:Littoral
7036:Northern
7002:Maldives
6977:Pakistan
6825:Lowlands
6758:Plateaus
6669:Nilgiris
6555:Archived
6213:55042146
6121:56120507
5856:44137539
5817:BBC News
5728:23281594
5702:(1): 1.
5469:36480087
5283:38784635
5274:11114597
5151:cite web
4563:28 March
4222:17 April
4135:31986382
4089:13 March
4065:34931039
3920:24099804
3841:Archived
3775:28 March
3667:Elsevier
3636:28 March
3404:(1849),
3349:(2014).
3331:27 March
3306:27 March
3281:27 March
3256:27 March
3231:27 March
3102:Himālaya
3094:5 August
2993:Sanskrit
2929:Pakistan
2894:See also
2790:Buddhism
2784:, where
2778:Hinduism
2762:Buddhism
2750:Buddhism
2642:Taktsang
2562:View of
2519:and 61+
2505:reptiles
2493:junipers
2406:and the
1965:and the
1960:in Nepal
1794:Colombia
1763:Langtang
1759:Langtang
1739:Gangotri
1729:and the
1713:Glaciers
1527:ablation
1513:between
1511:glaciers
1480:crinoids
1435:and the
1416:and the
1404:and the
1305:Srinagar
1283:and the
1234:Gangotri
1206:Buddhism
1139:Nathu La
1080:Sun Kosi
937:, as in
935:Himmaleh
908:Sanskrit
884:Sanskrit
880:Himaraja
876:Sanskrit
866:: हिमवत्
864:Sanskrit
809:Ximalaya
779:Himāliya
764:Himālaya
743:Himalaya
731:Garhwali
712:Himālaya
669:Himālaya
665:Sanskrit
599:Buddhism
595:Hinduism
547:Pakistan
527:Pakistan
471:-ə, hih-
389:Himalaya
353:Cenozoic
292:Pakistan
12642:Oceania
12630:by area
12586:America
12563:Islands
12413:Oceania
12282:Midwest
12237:Central
12204:Romance
12172:Western
12041:Balkans
12036:Eastern
12031:Central
11999:Mashriq
11943:Western
11887:Siberia
11839:Eastern
11817:Central
11750:Western
11723:Central
11699:Mashriq
11694:Maghreb
11684:Saharan
11630:America
11623:Eurasia
11495:regions
11320:Qinling
11311:Central
11128:Hoh Xil
10895:Kotdwar
10880:Roorkee
10811:Chamoli
10803:Garhwal
10707:Economy
10695:Cuisine
10606:Cricket
10477:circuit
10460:Temples
10411:Tourism
10292:Tehsils
10233:Darmiya
10223:Byangsi
10190:Bangani
10180:Kumaoni
10076:Shaukas
9883:Bugyals
9839:ecology
9744:Company
9592:Ancient
9584:History
9524:Speaker
9517:History
9437:Gazette
9371:Symbols
9276:Narmada
9253:Damodar
9196:Bajjika
8769:Outline
8633:Chhechu
8598:Ubhauli
8593:Udhauli
8543:Dashain
8421:Cuisine
8409:Culture
8385:Tourism
8330:Economy
8312:Pokhara
8284:Itahari
8279:Hetauda
8269:Birgunj
7946:Manaslu
7643:Araniko
7562:Ancient
7554:History
7499:Commons
7413:Geology
7026:Central
6939:Islands
6804:Deserts
6360:Everest
6282:Bibcode
6086:Society
6081:Ecology
6038:Climate
5950:Geology
5891:General
5886:Sources
5719:3560114
5605:2 March
5510:Bibcode
5460:9735043
5439:Bibcode
5399:"Nepal"
5348:Bibcode
5095:value (
5046:Bibcode
4984:6061587
4641:Bibcode
4526:Bibcode
4485:Bibcode
4376:Bibcode
4170:Bibcode
4115:Bibcode
4083:Reuters
4056:8688493
4027:Bibcode
3833:Bibcode
3704:Bibcode
3630:Science
3588:9 March
3555:Bibcode
3494:Bibcode
3143:30 July
3108:snow +
2901:Eastern
2770:Sikhism
2766:Jainism
2723:Parvati
2719:Himavat
2704:Bharata
2699:nirvana
2678:Jainism
2663:Harmukh
2564:Kagbeni
2517:mammals
2469:Quercus
2303:Ecology
2284:monsoon
2225:extreme
2183:monsoon
2167:Pokhara
2050:monsoon
2041:monsoon
1929:Climate
1867:in the
1809:Icefall
1698:Yangtze
1690:Salween
1678:Tsangpo
1577:, Nepal
1507:ice age
1420:in the
1414:Myanmar
1390:orogeny
1351:Geology
1313:Nun Kun
1232:, with
1218:Garhwal
1202:Jainism
1196:in the
1100:Everest
1096:Cho Oyu
1064:Manaslu
1056:Kora La
915:
891:
872:Himavān
860:Himavat
852:Himavan
845:Chinese
805:Bengali
777:), the
769:Sinhala
759:Tibetan
739:Kumaoni
635:of the
631:by the
619:Kailash
575:Tsangpo
543:Kashmir
486:of the
478:) is a
332:Orogeny
326:Geology
210:Cho Oyu
206:Everest
146:86°55′E
143:27°59′N
12929:Global
12919:Arctic
12858:Rivers
12836:Other
12770:Oceans
12625:Europe
12581:Africa
12374:French
12247:Middle
12209:Slavic
12194:Celtic
12095:Nordic
12085:Baltic
12023:Europe
11977:Levant
11671:Africa
11507:Worlds
10935:Almora
10857:cities
10768:Almora
10760:Kumaon
10657:topics
10599:Sports
10581:Rajaji
10541:Gomukh
10218:Rongpo
10159:Spoken
10053:Tharus
10048:Buksas
10016:groups
10014:Ethnic
9906:Bhabar
9898:Plains
9555:Judges
9384:Emblem
9237:NH 107
9232:NH 106
9176:Nepali
9043:Floods
9029:Supaul
8999:Kodari
8849:Rivers
8797:Portal
8719:Health
8697:Issues
8654:Nwaran
8623:Chhath
8558:Swonti
8553:Mohani
8481:People
8367:Rupee
8347:Energy
8251:Cities
8032:(Kosi)
8030:Koshi
8009:Rivers
7936:Makalu
7660:modern
7544:
7487:Portal
7056:Island
7018:region
6987:Bhutan
6930:Makran
6906:Coasts
6897:Makran
6877:Konkan
6510:Swami
6503:
6476:
6461:
6446:
6428:
6403:
6381:
6366:
6352:
6330:
6300:
6263:
6253:
6227:
6211:
6161:
6143:
6119:
6070:
6052:
6026:
6001:
5991:
5964:
5941:
5931:
5915:
5905:
5854:
5846:
5795:
5752:9 June
5726:
5716:
5662:
5633:
5571:
5528:
5467:
5457:
5289:
5281:
5271:
5259:(29).
5091:Check
5074:
5014:
4982:
4909:
4899:
4864:
4854:
4790:
4780:
4739:
4729:
4667:
4659:
4611:
4588:18 May
4394:
4254:
4196:
4188:
4141:
4133:
4063:
4053:
4045:
3996:
3918:
3722:
3581:
3573:
3512:
3363:
3168:
3060:
3007:ā-laya
2933:Bhutan
2882:, and
2845:Ladakh
2843:, and
2841:Sikkim
2837:Bhutan
2823:, and
2813:Ladakh
2809:Bhutan
2794:Bhutan
2754:Bhutan
2693:moksha
2646:Bhutan
2611:Ladakh
2515:, two
2511:, two
2491:, and
2477:Cedrus
2378:, the
2374:, the
2364:bharal
2249:Kunlun
2146:tundra
1971:matter
1902:. The
1891:, and
1792:, and
1788:, the
1771:Sikkim
1751:Khumbu
1749:) and
1731:Arctic
1700:, and
1694:Mekong
1688:. The
1646:Yamuna
1640:, the
1638:Ganges
1627:Punjab
1623:Sutlej
1621:, and
1611:Chenab
1607:Jhelum
1596:. The
1482:, and
1461:mantle
1457:folded
1408:. The
1345:Punjab
1337:Galyat
1335:, and
1309:Ladakh
1271:, and
1265:Shimla
1246:Yamuna
1238:Ganges
1214:Kumaon
1143:Bhutan
1131:Sikkim
1112:Khumbu
1110:. The
1108:Makalu
1106:, and
1104:Lhotse
1023:; the
837::
835:pinyin
826::
815::
793:, the
774:හිමාලය
741:, the
726:हिमालय
717:Nepali
675:हिमालय
629:Lifted
617:, and
571:Ganges
569:, the
565:, the
563:rivers
531:Bhutan
484:plains
475:-lə-yə
302:
289:
263:
250:
240:Bhutan
237:
214:Lhotse
202:Makalu
176:Length
113:
95:,
70:, and
68:Ganges
12906:Polar
12851:lists
12846:Lakes
12665:ocean
12384:Ibero
12379:Latin
12369:Anglo
11491:Earth
11390:South
11243:North
10940:Pauri
10855:Major
10690:Music
10655:Other
10553:parks
10313:Rural
10280:Urban
10243:Rawat
10200:Tharu
10195:Buksa
10145:Hindi
10081:Rajis
9911:Terai
9888:Lakes
9774:Crown
9394:Motto
9323:State
9227:NH 27
9186:Limbu
9128:India
9124:Bihar
9101:Nepal
9075:Tibet
9019:Lukla
8916:Tamur
8906:Siswa
8896:Sabha
8876:Hongu
8861:Barun
8842:basin
8776:Index
8739:Women
8674:Bahra
8659:Pasni
8638:Jatra
8548:Tihar
8525:Sport
8513:Islam
8466:Media
8451:Music
8274:Damak
7979:Terai
7962:Areas
7878:April
7542:Nepal
6982:Nepal
6972:India
6867:Terai
6790:Malwa
6298:S2CID
6261:S2CID
6209:S2CID
6117:S2CID
5999:S2CID
5852:JSTOR
5548:(PDF)
5543:BMP.
5526:S2CID
5431:Ambio
5287:S2CID
5225:(2).
5194:(2).
5072:S2CID
4991:(PDF)
4980:S2CID
4950:(PDF)
4907:S2CID
4862:S2CID
4788:S2CID
4737:S2CID
4665:S2CID
4392:S2CID
4194:S2CID
4139:S2CID
3975:(PDF)
3964:(PDF)
3916:JSTOR
3844:(PDF)
3821:(PDF)
3720:S2CID
3579:S2CID
3115:
3110:ālaya
2995:
2958:Notes
2941:China
2937:Nepal
2821:Spiti
2805:Tibet
2774:Islam
2727:Ganga
2513:birds
2507:, 14
2503:, 16
2489:Pinus
2485:Abies
2481:Picea
2376:takin
2324:Male
2280:CMIP5
2245:Pamir
2187:Terai
2034:Winds
1918:tarns
1889:Nepal
1875:, in
1827:Lakes
1654:Assam
1598:Indus
1289:Indus
1226:Kamet
1135:Lhasa
1127:India
1048:Nepal
902:) or
843:) in
803:) in
789:) in
757:) in
735:Himāl
721:Hindi
693:ālaya
591:Tibet
567:Indus
535:India
523:China
519:Nepal
496:Earth
387:, or
279:Nepal
266:India
253:China
116:China
105:Nepal
64:Indus
12863:Seas
12620:Asia
11892:Ural
11804:Asia
11733:Horn
11728:East
11497:and
11247:East
11245:and
11075:and
10238:Raji
10086:Jads
9916:Doab
9776:rule
9746:rule
9389:Song
8891:Kosi
8839:Kosi
8734:LGBT
8618:Holi
8425:wine
8188:list
8017:Arun
6842:Doab
6501:ISBN
6474:ISBN
6459:ISBN
6444:ISBN
6426:ISBN
6401:ISBN
6379:ISBN
6364:ISBN
6350:ISBN
6328:ISBN
6251:ISBN
6225:ISBN
6159:ISBN
6141:ISBN
6068:ISBN
6050:ISBN
6024:ISBN
5989:ISBN
5962:ISBN
5939:OCLC
5929:ISBN
5913:LCCN
5903:ISBN
5844:ISSN
5793:ISBN
5754:2018
5724:PMID
5660:ISBN
5631:ISBN
5607:2012
5569:ISBN
5465:PMID
5279:PMID
5164:help
5097:help
5012:ISBN
4897:ISBN
4852:ISBN
4820:2022
4778:ISBN
4727:ISBN
4695:2011
4657:ISSN
4609:ISBN
4590:2022
4565:2024
4348:2010
4252:ISBN
4224:2009
4186:ISSN
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