231:
208:
220:
196:
167:
242:
144:
29:
184:
254:
156:
367:
and go to Iran, where they had strong support. That was when the
Kurdish mujahideen became active in Halabja, which would later become their stronghold. Many Kurds from Halabja concluded that Jihad was the best way to Iraq. The mujahideen received many Kurdish volunteers from Iran.
410:. The Islamic Emirate of Byara was defeated after a brief 2 years of existence, and most of the jihadists fled to Iran. The united mujahideen ended after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, although the groups remained.
348:, which led independent Kurdish Islamists, Kurdish Islamist organizations, and even Peshmerga soldiers who had Islamist leanings, to form a type of united front. Many
387:, the mujahideen heavily increased their activities, and towards the end of the war, they slowed down again. They had over 10,000 fighters at their peak.
713:
634:
224:
235:
684:
763:
276:
808:
563:
511:
391:
788:
375:, but at the end of the war in 1988, they mostly halted their operations, but maintained a low-level insurgency against
783:
594:
286:
652:
451:
758:
721:
258:
160:
98:
481:
395:
773:
748:
489:
433:
403:
333:
246:
148:
753:
460:
516:
506:
407:
352:
set up training camps in the mountains of
Kurdistan, recruited people, and began rebelling against
793:
501:
442:
399:
803:
778:
421:
692:
380:
281:
670:
610:
8:
768:
105:
543:
528:
798:
590:
538:
533:
325:
313:
213:
171:
360:
349:
309:
301:
363:, Saddam Hussein cracked down on Kurdish Islamic scholars, which led them to flee
586:
437:
413:
329:
41:
424:
and his soldiers in Iraqi
Kurdistan to train for an offensive against Turkey.
742:
485:
467:
455:
417:
372:
271:
201:
64:
56:
46:
345:
116:
121:
653:"Islamic Movement of Kurdistan | Mapping Militant Organizations"
475:
446:
91:
77:
51:
671:"Journey to jihad: Iran's Sunni Kurds fighting a holy war in Idlib"
611:"Journey to jihad: Iran's Sunni Kurds fighting a holy war in Idlib"
384:
336:, called for an independent Kurdish nation, as well as declaring a
110:
364:
28:
81:
337:
390:
Islamist Kurds and secular Kurds became opponents after the
376:
353:
341:
189:
478:
soldiers with
Islamist leanings; no centralized leadership
583:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition
564:"Three Generations of Jihadism in Iraqi Kurdistan"
472:Independent Mujahideen; no centralized leadership
740:
720:(in Turkish). 1999-04-03. Archived from
741:
685:"Hüseyin Velioğlu kimdir? - Yeni Akit"
580:
512:Islamist insurgency in Iraqi Kurdistan
392:Islamist insurgency in Iraqi Kurdistan
627:
277:1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq
556:
371:The mujahideen participated in the
305:
13:
14:
820:
677:
463:; led by Mohammad Khalid Barzani
252:
240:
229:
218:
206:
194:
182:
165:
154:
142:
27:
764:Kurdistan independence movement
809:Opposition to Arab nationalism
706:
663:
645:
603:
574:
1:
635:"Los Angeles Review of Books"
549:
714:"Hizbullah Irak'ta eğitildi"
581:Martin, Gus (15 June 2011).
466:Islah (short-lived); led by
7:
789:History of the Persian Gulf
639:Los Angeles Review of Books
495:
10:
825:
406:fighters, established the
394:, which was the time that
319:
427:
265:
177:
137:
129:
97:
87:
78:independent Kurdish state
72:
35:
26:
21:
784:1980s in Iraqi Kurdistan
523:Other mujahideen groups:
517:Rojava-Islamist conflict
408:Islamic Emirate of Byara
502:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
490:Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i
61:Mohammad Khalid Barzani
16:Kurdish Islamist rebels
287:First Iraqi insurgency
308:) is a term used for
507:KDPI–Komala conflict
381:1991 Iraqi uprisings
282:1991 Iraqi uprisings
759:Kurdish nationalism
398:, with the help of
359:Shortly before the
106:Kurdish nationalism
88:Active regions
544:Bosnian mujahideen
529:Chechen Mujahideen
298:Kurdish mujahideen
22:Kurdish mujahideen
749:Kurdish Islamists
724:on March 23, 2024
695:on March 23, 2024
689:m.yeniakit.com.tr
539:Afghan mujahideen
534:Indian Mujahideen
350:Kurdish Islamists
310:Kurdish Islamists
294:
293:
172:Kurdish Hezbollah
816:
754:Kurdish Islamism
733:
732:
730:
729:
710:
704:
703:
701:
700:
691:. Archived from
681:
675:
674:
667:
661:
660:
649:
643:
642:
631:
625:
624:
622:
621:
607:
601:
600:
578:
572:
571:
560:
422:Hüseyin Velioğlu
361:Halabja massacre
332:, leader of the
307:
266:Battles and wars
257:
256:
255:
245:
244:
243:
234:
233:
232:
225:Ba'ath loyalists
223:
222:
221:
212:
210:
209:
200:
198:
197:
188:
186:
185:
170:
169:
168:
159:
158:
157:
147:
146:
145:
31:
19:
18:
824:
823:
819:
818:
817:
815:
814:
813:
739:
738:
737:
736:
727:
725:
712:
711:
707:
698:
696:
683:
682:
678:
669:
668:
664:
651:
650:
646:
633:
632:
628:
619:
617:
609:
608:
604:
597:
579:
575:
562:
561:
557:
552:
498:
438:Osman Abdulaziz
430:
414:Osman Abdulaziz
330:Osman Abdulaziz
322:
314:Ba'athist Iraqi
312:who fought the
253:
251:
250:
241:
239:
238:
230:
228:
227:
219:
217:
216:
207:
205:
204:
195:
193:
192:
183:
181:
166:
164:
163:(against Iraq)
155:
153:
152:
143:
141:
42:Osman Abdulaziz
17:
12:
11:
5:
822:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
794:Saddam Hussein
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
735:
734:
705:
676:
662:
644:
641:. May 8, 2019.
626:
602:
595:
589:. p. 48.
573:
554:
553:
551:
548:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
520:
519:
514:
509:
504:
497:
494:
493:
492:
479:
473:
470:
464:
458:
449:
440:
429:
426:
396:Ansar al-Islam
321:
318:
306:Mucahidîn Kurd
292:
291:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
267:
263:
262:
214:Ba'athist Iraq
179:
175:
174:
151:(against Iraq)
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
125:
124:
119:
113:
108:
101:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
74:
70:
69:
68:
67:
62:
59:
54:
49:
44:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
821:
810:
807:
805:
804:Islam in Iraq
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
779:1980s in Iran
777:
775:
774:Iran–Iraq War
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
744:
723:
719:
715:
709:
694:
690:
686:
680:
672:
666:
658:
654:
648:
640:
636:
630:
616:
615:www.rudaw.net
612:
606:
598:
596:9781412980166
592:
588:
584:
577:
569:
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559:
555:
545:
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540:
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532:
530:
527:
526:
525:
524:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
491:
487:
486:Mullah Krekar
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
469:
468:Mullah Krekar
465:
462:
459:
457:
456:Adham Barzani
453:
450:
448:
444:
441:
439:
435:
432:
431:
425:
423:
419:
418:Adham Barzani
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:Iran-Iraq War
369:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:Iran–Iraq War
317:
315:
311:
303:
299:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
272:Iran-Iraq War
270:
269:
268:
264:
260:
248:
237:
226:
215:
203:
202:United States
191:
180:
176:
173:
162:
150:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
120:
118:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
102:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
65:Khider Kosari
63:
60:
58:
57:Adham Barzani
55:
53:
50:
48:
47:Mullah Krekar
45:
43:
40:
39:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
726:. Retrieved
722:the original
717:
708:
697:. Retrieved
693:the original
688:
679:
665:
657:stanford.edu
656:
647:
638:
629:
618:. Retrieved
614:
605:
582:
576:
568:www.ifri.org
567:
558:
522:
521:
488:, and later
412:
389:
370:
358:
344:and against
323:
316:government.
297:
295:
261:(after 1991)
249:(after 1991)
420:had hosted
383:during the
324:During the
133:over 10,000
82:Islamic law
76:To make an
769:Mujahideen
743:Categories
728:2024-03-07
699:2024-03-03
620:2022-05-14
550:References
122:Separatism
484:; led by
476:Peshmerga
454:; led by
447:Ali Bapir
445:; led by
436:; led by
379:. In the
346:Ba'athism
328:, Sheikh
178:Opponents
117:Ba'athism
92:Kurdistan
52:Ali Bapir
799:Gulf War
718:Milliyet
496:See also
385:Gulf War
340:against
338:holy war
111:Islamism
99:Ideology
365:Halabja
320:History
302:Kurdish
73:Motives
36:Leaders
593:
428:Groups
211:
199:
187:
138:Allies
80:under
115:Anti-
591:ISBN
587:SAGE
416:and
402:and
377:Iraq
354:Iraq
342:Iraq
296:The
190:Iraq
130:Size
482:AAI
461:KHI
452:KRH
443:KJG
434:IMK
404:IMK
400:KJG
334:IMK
259:PUK
247:KDP
236:MEK
161:PUK
149:KDP
745::
716:.
687:.
655:.
637:.
613:.
585:.
566:.
356:.
304::
731:.
702:.
673:.
659:.
623:.
599:.
570:.
300:(
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