L'Enfant Plan - Knowledge

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Aug. 19, 1791, the original in the L'Enfant papers". (L'Enfant's papers include an August 19, 1791, letter to President Washington that contains an "annexed map of dotted lines".) The named plan would therefore be the one that L'Enfant annexed to his June 22, 1791 letter to the president. Comparisons of Andrew Ellicott's February 1792 revision of L'Enfant's Plan with the two manuscript maps suggest that Ellicott had based his revision (which printers distributed soon after its preparation) on the August 1791 "dotted line map", rather than in June 1791 manuscript.

502: 1042: 735:"The center of each Square will admit of Statues, Columns, Obelisks, or any other ornament such as the different States may choose to erect: to perpetuate not only the memory of such individuals whose counsels or Military achievements were conspicuous in giving liberty and independence to this Country; but also those whose usefulness hath rendered them worthy of general imitation, to invite the youth of succeeding generations to tread in the paths of those sages, or heroes whom their country has thought proper to celebrate." 995: 711: 544: 838:' Office of Public Buildings and Grounds, wrote that President Washington had sent one of L'Enfant's handwritten plans to Congress on December 13, 1791. Stewart wrote that L'Enfant had sent this plan to the president on August 19, 1791, and had also prepared a larger exact copy. Stewart stated that surveyors had used the copy to lay out the city's streets and that L'Enfant had employed a Philadelphia architect to draft a copy of the larger version for L'Enfant's own use. 274:, worked with Washington in the overall planning of the nation's capital. Jefferson sent L'Enfant a letter outlining his task, which was to provide a drawing of suitable sites for the federal city and the public buildings. Jefferson had modest ideas for the capital. However, L'Enfant saw the task as far more grandiose, believing that he was also devising the city plan and designing the buildings. He would also taken inspiration from the work of 469:, which L'Enfant proposed to canalize. L'Enfant envisioned the President's House to have public gardens and monumental architecture. Reflecting his grandiose visions, he specified that the President's House (occasionally referred to as the President's Palace) would be five times the size of the building that was actually constructed, even then becoming the largest residence then constructed in America. After L'Enfant's dismissal, 738:"The situation of these Squares is such that they are the most advantageously and reciprocally seen from each other and as equally distributed over the whole City district, and connected by spacious avenues round the grand Federal Improvements and as contiguous to them, and at the same time as equally distant from each other, as circumstances would admit. The Settlements round those Squares must soon become connected.” 763: 4494: 609: 3538:"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t[he] United States : projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, in pursuance of an act of Congress passed the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, "establishing the permanent seat on the bank of the Potowmac" : [Washington D.C.]" 3090:" for National Archives holding of "Miscellaneous Oversize Prints, Drawings and Posters of Projects Associated with the Commission of Fine Arts, compiled 1893–1950", ARC Identifier 518229/Local Identifier 66-M; Series from Record Group 66: Records of the Commission of Fine Arts, 1893 – 1981. Record of holding obtained through search in 3498:"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t(he) United States : projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, in pursuance of an act of Congress passed the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, "establishing the permanent seat on the bank of the Potowmac": [Washington, D.C.]" 3458:"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t(he) United States: projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, in pursuance of an act of Congress passed the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, "establishing the permanent seat on the bank of the Potowmac": [Washington, D.C.]" 2070:"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t(he) United States: projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, in pursuance of an act of Congress passed the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, "establishing the permanent seat on the bank of the Potowmac": [Washington, D.C.]" 3391:"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t(he) United States : projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, in pursuance of an act of Congress passed the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, "establishing the permanent seat on the bank of the Potowmac": (Washington, D.C.)" 3321:"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t(he) United States : projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, in pursuance of an act of Congress passed the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, "establishing the permanent seat on the bank of the Potowmac": (Washington, D.C.)" 938:, published an exact-size, full-color facsimile and an uncolored computer-assisted reproduction of that map. The manuscript's upper left corner contains an oval that identifies the title of the map, followed by the words "By Peter Charles L'Enfant" written in a serif typeface that has the same alignment as does that in the 1017:

but as the lifeblood of the capital, akin to a vital vein coursing through the heart of the city. Just as veins sustain an organism by distributing essential nutrients, East Capitol Street was envisioned to sustain the young nation by facilitating the flow of commerce, governance, and cultural exchange. See Reference M.

3694:"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t[he] United States: projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, in pursuance of an act of Congress, passed on the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, "establishing the permanent seat on the bank of the Potowmac"" 2146:"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t[he] United States: projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, in pursuance of an act of Congress, passed on the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, "establishing the permanent seat on the bank of the Potowmac"" 946:

which are now virtually illegible on the original map. Some of the differences between L'Enfant's and Ellicott's plans, including the name of the Capitol and the absence in Ellicott's plan of L'Enfant's name and some of his plan's legends, reflect the instructions contained in Jefferson's annotations.

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Partridge noted that L'Enfant had written that all of his drawings had been seized in December 1791, but that only one, a plan for the city of Washington, had been recovered. He further stated that although L'Enfant had produced a number of versions of his plan, only one (an intermediate version) was

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During 1882, Stewart had been in charge of records that the Office of the United States Commissioner of Public Buildings was holding. In that year, he created a black and white copy of several portions of a manuscript plan of the federal capital city. The last line in an oval in the upper left corner

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Stewart also wrote that President Washington had in December 1796 sent to the commissioners a plan of the city that had contained penciled directions from Thomas Jefferson that identified those parts of the plan that the plan's engravers should omit. Stewart stated that he had discovered that plan in

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had in 1791 been conducting the first survey of the boundaries of the federal district (the "Territory of Columbia") as well as assisting L'Enfant in the planning and survey of the smaller federal city (the "City of Washington"). In February 1792, Ellicott informed the commissioners that L'Enfant had

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The library states (as did Partridge) that it is believed that its Plan is one that L'Enfant submitted to President Washington in August 1791. However, others have contended that the named manuscript map that the library holds is actually an earlier draft that was hand-delivered to George Washington

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The library states that these reproductions were the library's first facsimiles to be based on photography and electronic enhancement technology. The library further states that, during the reproduction process, it was possible to record faint editorial annotations that Thomas Jefferson had made and

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had directed that the tracing be produced for the purposes of preservation and reproduction. The message further stated that the plan's original manuscript was in a dilapidated state and had earlier been mounted on cotton cloth and varnished for preservation, rendering the manuscript "quite opaque".

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Printers published the tracing in at least four formats, which together enabled the plan to be widely distributed for the first time. The printers added to each of the reproduced tracings a copy of a message that a survey assistant had sent to the survey's superintendent. The message stated that the

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The library has in its collections a "Dotted line map of Washington, D.C., 1791" that lacks an author's name. The library's notes state that this document is a "Ms. survey map drawn by P.C. L'Enfant" and is "accompanied by positive and negative photocopies of L'Enfant's letter to George Washington,

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Ellicott's most complete plan, engraved and printed in 1792 by Thackera and Valance in Philadelphia, contained the names of L'Enfant's grand avenues and East Capitol Street as well as lot numbers and the depths of the channels of the "Potomak" River and the Eastern Branch. This and other plans that

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is intended for national purposes such as public prayer, Thanksgiving, funeral orations, and assigned to no special sect or denomination, but equally open to all. It will be likewise a proper shelter as were voted by the late Continental Congress, for those heroes that fell in the cause of liberty,

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Similarly, bow tie parks, named for their resemblance to a bow tie in shape, were another characteristic feature of L'Enfant's plan. These parks typically occupied irregularly shaped parcels of land at the confluence of major avenues or where diagonal avenues intersected with the city's grid. Like

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The importance of the location of "Congress House" cannot be understated. L'Enfant viewed this structure as the center of the plan from which everything would radiate out, similar to the sun serving as the center of our solar system. L'Enfant saw East Capitol Street not merely as a mundane passage

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Broad avenues, dramatic vistas, squares and circles are some notable features found both in the plan and the city itself. However, some other features include triangular parks formed by the geometry of the plan. These spaces can be found across the city; they exist in L'Enfant's plan from the very

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After President Washington dismissed L'Enfant, Andrew Ellicott and his assistants continued the city survey in accordance with the revised plan, several versions of which were engraved, published, and distributed in Philadelphia and Boston. As a result, Ellicott's revision subsequently became the

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The triangular parks, strategically placed at key intersections and along major thoroughfares, not only provided aesthetic value but also served functional purposes within the city's circulation system. They helped to break up the monotony of the grid pattern, adding visual interest and creating

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still known to exist. Partridge concluded that the origin of that plan, which the Library of Congress was holding, was still in doubt. That plan, which the Library now holds in its Geography and Map Division, is still the only map of the capital city bearing L'Enfant's name that is widely known.

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The assistant attorney's letter further stated that an office of the Corps of Engineers that was in charge of public buildings and grounds was holding the original plan, which had become so indistinct that it could not be accurately photographed. Several of the letter writers asked the Coast and

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The plan specified that most streets would be laid out in a grid. To form the grid, some streets (later named for letters of the alphabet) would travel in an east–west direction, while others (named for numbers) would travel in a north–south direction. Broader diagonal grand avenues, later named

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After showing L'Enfant's manuscript to Congress, the president retained custody of the original drawing until December 1796, when he transferred it to the City Commissioners of Washington, D.C. One hundred and twenty-two years later, on November 11, 1918, the map was presented to the Library of

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in downtown D.C. contains an inlay of the central portion of L'Enfant's plan, an inlay of an oval that gives the title of the plan and the name of its author (identified as "Peter Charles L'Enfant") and inlays of the plan's legends. The coordinates of the inlay of the plan and its legends are:

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being part of the public walk from the President’s house, of about 1800 feet in breadth, and ¾ a mile in length. Every lot deep colored red with green plots, designates some of the situations, which command the most agreeable prospects, and which are the best calculated for spacious houses and

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for the foundation of the Congress House. However, his temperament and insistence that his city design be realized as a whole brought him into conflict with the commissioners, who wanted to direct the limited funds into construction of federal buildings, and they had Jefferson's support in the

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National Capital Park and Planning Commission: Chart 6: L'Enfant and Ellicott plans superimposed. L'Enfant's Methods And Features of His Plan For The Federal City: Reports and plans, Washington region: supplementary technical data to accompany annual report: National Capital Park and Planning

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In 1930, the chief of the Division of Maps at the Library of Congress compared the wording in one of reproduced tracings to the wording in an annex to a plan of the City of Washington which, according to a January 1792 publication, President Washington had recently sent to Congress and which

330:. On June 22, L'Enfant presented his first plan for the federal city to the president. On August 19, he appended a new map to a letter that he sent to the president. Washington retained a copy of one of L'Enfant's plans, showed it to the Congress, and later gave it to the three commissioners. 419:

and would divide and empty into the Eastern Branch at two separate points near the Eastern Branch's confluence with the Potomac River. The scale and complexity of the canals in the 1791-92 plan and its revisions suggested the importance of the canals within the grand design of the city, with

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The 15 states at the time were each allocated a square to build on and decorate as they saw fit. They would be located along the avenues and were to be easily visible from each other to engender friendly competition. The plan identified some of the circles and rectangular plazas as numbered

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Around the square of the Capitol along the Avenue from the two bridges to the Federal house, the pavement on each side will pass under an arched way, under whose cover Shops will be most conveniently and agreeably situated. This street is 160 feet in breadth and a mile long."

415:) that would pass the Congress House and the President's House. One branch of the canal would empty into the Potomac River south of the President's House at the mouth of Tiber Creek, which would be channelized and straightened. The other branch of the canal would channelize 2018:

Selected by Washington to prepare a ground plan for the new city, L'Enfant arrived in Georgetown on March 9, 1791, and submitted his report and plan to the president about August 26, 1791. It is believed that this plan is the one that is preserved in the Library of

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was given a tour of Jenkins Hill; Trumbull confirmed in his autobiography that the concept for a "great circular room and dome" had originated with L'Enfant. After L'Enfant's dismissal, a competition was held for the design of the Congress House. A plan by Dr.

220:. In 1789, discussions were underway regarding a new federal capital city for the United States, and L'Enfant wrote to President Washington asking to be commissioned to plan the city. However, any decision on the capital was put on hold until July 1790 when 289:

L'Enfant arrived in Georgetown on March 9, 1791, and began his work from Suter's Fountain Inn. Washington arrived on March 28 to meet with L'Enfant and the commissioners for several days. L'Enfant was also provided a roll of maps by Jefferson depicting

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of Stewart's reproduction contains the words "Peter Charles L'Enfant", which are written in a typeface and alignment that are similar to those in the line that precedes it. Stewart certified that "this is a true copy of the original in this office".

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Photocopy of a facsimile of the 1791 L'Enfant Plan created by U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D.C. (1887: Original facsimile annotated in ink by Lawrence Martin, chief, Division of Maps, Library of Congress, December 16,

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In 1899 the Supreme Court decided Morris v. United States and awarded the land to the United States. ..... ; the legacy of the struggle is Potomac Park as well as a wealth of maps and historical research on the origins of the

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was a wide avenue (now part of Pennsylvania Avenue, NW) connecting the President's House and the Congress House. To complete the triangle, a line projecting due south from the center of the President's House intersected at a

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In 1791, Washington appointed L'Enfant to plan the new federal city, under the supervision of three commissioners whom Washington had earlier appointed to oversee the planning and development of the territory that became the

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Historic Preservation Report For the National Museum Of African American History and Culture: District of Columbia: Final Report. Prepared For: Smithsonian Institution: Office of Planning and Project Management, Washington,

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The Capitol building was started in 1793 as part of Pierre Charles L'Enfant's grand plan for a spacious, calm, yet sublime monumental Washington whose classical geometries express an unshakable belief in rational republican

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Ellicott designed lacked both L'Enfant's name and the numerical designations for the reservations that L'Enfant had placed in the plan. The legends in each conveyed less information that did those in L'Enfant's plan.

244:. The Residence Act gave authority to President Washington to appoint three commissioners to oversee the survey of the federal district and provide public buildings to accommodate the Federal government in 1800. 3913: 3119:

L'Enfant's Methods And Features of His Plan For The Federal City. Reports and plans, Washington region: supplementary technical data to accompany annual report: National Capital Park and Planning Commission

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Reference M: Thomas Jefferson provided L'Enfant with plans for Turin. Via Roma (pictured here) features shops and arched ways similar to what L'Enfant envisioned for the design of East Capitol Street.

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opportunities for urban design interventions. Additionally, some of these parks were designated for the placement of important monuments and memorials, contributing to the city's symbolic landscape.

672:, 400 feet in breadth, and about a mile in length, bordered with gardens, ending in a slope from the houses on each side. This Avenue leads to Monument A and connects the Congress Garden with the... 4106:

L'Enfant's Methods And Features of His Plan For The Federal City. Reports and plans, Washington region: supplementary technical data to accompany annual report: National Capital Planning Commission

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engraved by Thackera & Vallance, Philadelphia, 1792, showing the names of L'Enfant's "grand avenues" and East Capitol Street, the coordinates of the Capitol, the depths of the channels of the

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L'Enfant's "plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of the United States..." encompassed an area bounded by the Potomac River, the Eastern Branch, the base of the

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When in 1867 lawmakers decided to remove the care of public buildings from a civilian commissioner and set up the office of public buildings and grounds under the Corps of Engineers, ....

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The Improvement Of The Park System Of The District of Columbia: Report by the United States Congress: Senate Committee on the District of Columbia and District of Columbia Park Commission

1590:: "(a) In General.—The purposes of this chapter shall be carried out in the District of Columbia as nearly as may be practicable in harmony with the plan of Peter Charles L'Enfant." 2150:

Facsimile: Computer-assisted reproduction of Pierre Charles L'Enfant's 1791 manuscript plan for the city of Washington, produced by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Library of Congress

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Geodetic Survey to return the original manuscript plan to the War Department after the Survey had reproduced it, whereupon it was returned to the Corps' Office of Buildings and Grounds.

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and several other open spaces, as well as the conversions of some circles and arcs to rectangles and straight lines (one of which straightened an arc on the southern side of the present

572:– also intended for a mile or itinerary column, from whose station, (a mile from the Federal house) all distances of places through the Continent, are to be calculated” (now the site of 1185: 625:

intended with a constant spout of water. N. B. There are within the limits of the City above 25 good springs of excellent water abundantly supplied in the driest season of the year."

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A Library of Congress web page states that, on November 11, 1918, a map that L'Enfant had prepared was presented to the Library of Congress for safekeeping. In a 1930 report to the

2002:: Imagination: Pierre Charles L'Enfant's 1791 "Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government ....": Manuscript map on paper, 1791, Geography & Map Division 3631:

Note: The plan that this web page describes identifies the plan's author as "Peter Charles L'Enfant". The web page nevertheless identifies the author as "Pierre-Charles L'Enfant."

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Note: The plan that this web page describes identifies the plan's author as "Peter Charles L'Enfant". The web page nevertheless identifies the author as "Pierre-Charles L'Enfant."

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reservations. The plan's legends identified uses for other open spaces that letters in the alphabet identified. Other legends specified the widths of grand avenues and streets.

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Accompanied by positive and negative photocopies of L'Enfant's letter to George Washington, Aug. 19, 1791, the original in the L'Enfant papers, no. 0215-977, L.C. Ms. Div.

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In 1793, a wooden marker was placed at the triangle's southwest corner (the intersection of the cross axis of the White House and the Capitol). A small stone obelisk, the

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a line projecting due west from the center of the Congress House. A 400-foot-wide (122 m) garden-lined grand avenue containing a public walk (later to know as the

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L'Enfant identified himself as "Peter Charles L'Enfant" during most of his life, while residing in the United States. (See: Bowling, 2002) He wrote this name on his

440:), which L'Enfant described as a "pedestal awaiting a monument". Emphasizing the importance of the new nation's legislature, the Congress House would be located on a 3905: 806:

Ellicott's revisions changed the city's planned layout. His changes included the straightening of a grand avenue (Massachusetts Avenue), the removal of L'Enfant's

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their triangular counterparts, bow tie parks served as focal points within the urban fabric, offering spaces for recreation, contemplation, and civic engagement.

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The library's web page states that, in 1991, to commemorate the two hundredth anniversary of the manuscript map, the Library of Congress, in cooperation with the

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The following description is annexed to the Plan of the City of Washington, in the District of Columbia, as sent to Congress by the President some days ago. ...

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Facsimile of the L'Enfant plan showing part of the street system of the original created/published: Washington: Office of the Commissioner of Public Buildings,

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The survey assistant's message additionally contained a synopsis of letters requesting the tracing that a special assistant attorney for the United States, the

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Published by the Library of Congress in 1991 with support from the National Geographic Society, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Park Service.

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not been able to have the city plan engraved and had refused to provide him with an original version of the plan for the city. Ellicott and his brother

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Ellicott's engraved Plan superimposed on the Plan of L'Enfant showing the changes made in the engraved Plan under the direction of President Washington

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after the states of the Union, crossed the north–south-east/west grid. These "grand avenues" intersected with the north–south and east–west streets at

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prepared a colored tracing of a manuscript plan. The last line in the oval contained the words "By Peter Charles L'Enfant", which were written in a

2300: 3992: 1511: 588:, proposed to be erected to celebrate the first prize of a Navy and to stand a ready Monument to consecrate its progress and achievements. . . ." 4290: 2325:"High resolution image of central portion of "The L'Enfant Plan for Washington", with transcribed excerpts of key to map, in Library of Congress" 2301:"High resolution image of central portion of "The L'Enfant Plan for Washington", with transcribed excerpts of key to map, in Library of Congress" 919:, William Partridge described the features and history of that map, as well as the changes that Andrew Ellicott had apparently made to the map. 547:

Reference A: An equestrian statue of George Washington (depicted here in Washington Circle) was intended for the site of the Washington Mounment

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L'Enfant's Reports to President Washington Bearing Dates of March 26, June 22, and August 19, 1791: Records of the Columbia Historical Society

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L'Enfant's Reports to President Washington Bearing Dates of March 26, June 22, and August 19, 1791: Records of the Columbia Historical Society

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1. A Monument to a Deceased Project. Monument Wars: Washington, D.C., the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape

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I certify that this is a true copy of the original in this office, John Stewart, civil engineer in charge of records, 10th Oct'r 1882.

4224: 602: 758:(outlined in red) featured rectangular and triangular shapes respectively. Both were later modified to a circular shape by Ellicott. 3587: 3249: 3212: 3204: 1612: 1476: 1413: 1020: 3533: 3493: 3491: 3453: 3451: 2063: 1685: 1293: 939: 889: 865: 850: 362: 57: 2705: 1567: 4083: 3842: 2973: 2465: 1994: 1955: 1376: 1329: 1318: 4361: 2736: 2681: 1525: 975: 835: 3024: 4524: 4251: 1437: 978:

oversee development in the city and surrounding areas ensuring adherence to the L'Enfant plan and its historical accuracy.

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Scott Circle in the full bow-tie shape within the rectangle accompanied a 1900 Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army

3871: 2835:"1792 engraving of Plan of the City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia by Thackera & Vallance, Philadelphia" 640: 2161: 1804: 1750: 1583: 1308: 1288: 1278: 1268: 1113: 4104: 3762: 3734: 3669: 3640: 3117: 3041: 2941: 2580:"Appendix CCC: Improvement and Care of Public Buildings and Grounds in the District of Columbia — Washington Monument" 2565: 2109: 770:, engraved by Samuel Hill, Boston, 1792, showing street names, lot numbers, the coordinates of the Capitol and legends 4404: 3161: 2934:"Ellicott's letter to the commissioners on engraving the plan of the city, in which no reference is made to Banneker" 1913: 1720: 1657: 1344: 1273: 4327: 3094: 1558:(Washington, D.C.) and on other legal documents. However, during the early 1900s, a French ambassador to the U.S., 1408: 1197: 1161: 612:

Reference E: The fountain at 11th and New-York Ave, NW is the location of one of the fountains on the historic plan

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Design of the Federal City: L'Enfant Plan of Washington Superimposed on the Rectangular System From which He Worked

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In 1980, the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation constructed Western Plaza along Pennsylvania Avenue in

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L'Enfant and Washington, 1791-1792: Published And Unpublished Documents Now Brought Together For The First Time

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contained the words "By Peter Charles L'Enfant". The librarian concluded that the two maps were not the same.

895: 396:) and the "President's House" (known after its 1815–1817 rebuilding and repainting of its stone walls, as the 3651: 2772: 953: 807: 660:, being a square of 1200 feet, through which carriages may ascend to the upper Square of the Federal House." 392:(named on the plan as Pine Creek). His plan specified locations for two buildings, the "Congress House" (the 253: 3460:. Washington, D.C.: United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (New York: Julius Bien & Co. Photo. Lith.). 899:

Letter documenting the return of the L'Enfant Plan to the Office of Buildings and Grounds, December 19, 1888

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A History of the National Capital from its Foundation through the Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act

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as for such others as may hereafter by decreed by the voice of a grateful nation." (Now the site of the

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The President's House would be situated on a ridge parallel to the Potomac River north of the mouth of

389: 217: 149: 2803:"1792 engraving of Plan of the City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia by Samuel Hill, Boston" 1562:, popularized the use of L'Enfant's birth name, "Pierre Charles L'Enfant". (See: Bowling (2002).) The 4362:"Planning Our Capital City: L'Enfant designed more than D.C.: He designed a 200-year-old controversy" 1649: 1639: 1095: 1853: 2927:

Ellicott, Andrew (February 23, 1792). "To Thomas Johnson, Daniel Carroll and David Stuart, Esqs."

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About.com: About Travel: Washington, DC: Sports & Recreation: Parks and Recreation: DC Parks

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the commissioners' office in 1873. He reported that the plan was still in that office in 1898.

746: 221: 4071: 3241: 3176: 2963: 2874: 2722: 2533: 2229:"Want to understand the Capitol rioters? Look at the inflamed hate-drunk mobs painted by Goya" 1635: 4386: 4313: 3302: 3286: 3275: 3208: 2891: 2660: 2453: 2331: 2304: 1943: 1889: 1785: 1708: 1608: 1563: 1480: 1442: 958: 931: 433: 424:, a market/exchange complex, a national bank and theater, as well as a grand church complex. 412: 393: 358: 342: 3965:

Inscription of name of "Peter Charles L'Enfant" in inlay of L'Enfant's plan in Freedom Plaza

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Inscription of name of "Peter Charles L'Enfant" in inlay of L'Enfant's plan in Freedom Plaza

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Along the margins of the plan and map was a key of references authored by L'Enfant himself.

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Facsimile of manuscript of Peter Charles L'Enfant's 1791 plan for the federal capital city (

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Peter Charles L'Enfant: vision, honor, and male friendship in the early American Republic

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and rectangular plazas that would later honor notable Americans and provide open space.

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A Chronology of the Mall in The National Mall: Rethinking Washington's Monumental Core

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beginning and serve as a green oasis, areas for commemorative statues, and fountains.

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A plan whol[l]y new: Pierre Charles L'Enfant's plan of the City of Washington

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Washington, City and Capital: Federal Writers' Project: Works Progress Administration

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L'Enfant's plan additionally laid out a system of canals (later designated as the

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A Monument To Democracy: History of the Mall: The 1791 L'Enfant Plan and the Mall

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had written. The assistant attorney's letter stated that pending litigation (see

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Standard History of the City of Washington From a Study of the Original Sources

2834: 2661:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: National Mall" 2265:

Moore, Charles, ed. (1902). "Fig. No. 61 – L'Enfant Map of Washington (1791)".

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of Peter Charles L'Enfant's 1791 manuscript plan for the City of Washington.

2997: 2981: 2881:. Knoxville, Tennessee: H. W. Crew and Company. pp. 148–149 – via 2746: 2628: 2614: 2422: 2408: 2382: 2368: 2359: 2195: 1923: 1822: 1768: 1251: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1179: 1091: 1072: 1047: 998:

Witherspoon Park at 18th and N Street, NW, is an example of a triangular park

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important structures located along its banks—the proposed National Pantheon,

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Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1898

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matter. Ultimately, George Washington dismissed him due to insubordination.

4477: 4425: 4195: 4095: 4062: 3766: 3188: 3167: 3008: 2964:"Letter from P.C. L'Enfant to Tobias Lear, Philadelphia, February 17, 1792" 2933: 2911: 2882: 2757: 2603: 2545: 2477: 2276: 1967: 1826: 1772: 1726: 1663: 1209: 1137: 814:). His revisions also identified L'Enfant's Congress House as the Capitol. 437: 228:. The legislation specified that the new capital should be situated on the 181: 161: 3889:"Freedom Plaza: Civil War to Civil Rights: Downtown Heritage Trail marker" 3201:

Washington, D.C., A National Register of Historic Places Travel Inventory

1605:

Washington, D.C., A National Register of Historic Places Travel Inventory

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United States historic place; street and land use plan for Washington, DC

2989: 710: 498:) would travel for about 1 mile (1.6 km) along the east–west line. 4352: 4270: 4129: 3144: 3091: 3069: 486: 381: 299: 185: 145: 1467:

Leach, Sara Amy; Barthold, Elizabeth, HABS/HAER, NPS (July 20, 1994).

1326:(renamed Potomac Avenue in 1908 and name reused on Brightwood Avenue) 4072:"Maj. Pierre Charles L'Enfant, The Unhonored and Unrewarded Engineer" 3714: 3580:"Kidwell's gambit: One man's gamble and the creation of Potomac Park" 3557: 3517: 3477: 3092:

Archival Descriptions Search of ARC — Archival Research Catalog

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Reference H: The original design of The Mall or "Grand Avenue", 1791

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Coordinates of inscription of L'Enfant's name in Freedom Plaza:

3808: 3701: 3545: 3505: 3465: 3407: 3336: 2842: 2810: 2206: 2157: 2077: 1469:"L' Enfant Plan of the City of Washington, District of Columbia" 762: 4493: 3687: 2139: 1906:

Washington Through Two Centuries: A History in Maps and Images

1908:. New York: The Monacelli Press, Inc. pp. 14–16, 24–27. 854: 481:

A prominent geometric feature of L'Enfant's plan was a large

327: 323: 303: 3586:. Washington, D.C.: InTowner Publishing Corp. Archived from 3156:. Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Architects Press. 2682:"The Mall: The Grand Avenue, The Government, and The People" 2531: 2403:. The coordinates of the name "Peter Charles L'Enfant" are: 333:

In November 1791, L'Enfant secured the lease of quarries at

212:

L'Enfant was a French artist and engineer who served in the

4218: 3868:"Western Plaza, Pennsylvania Avenue (Freedom Plaza) Marker" 1839:

Berg, Scott. "Grand Avenues." Pantheon Books, 2007. Page 87

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to establish title of the Government to the Potomac Flats.

780:

Plan of the City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia

768:

Plan of the City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia

315: 252:. Included in the new district were the riverport towns of 3027:. Washington, D.C.: Washington Map Society. Archived from 2509:. United States Capitol Historical Society. Archived from 741: 4177:"Early Maps and Surveyors of the City of Washington, D.C" 4136: 3496:; United States Commissioner of Public Buildings (1887). 3456:; United States Commissioner of Public Buildings (1887). 3250:

U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC)

2892:"Early Maps and Surveyors of the City of Washington, D.C" 2068:; United States Commissioner of Public Buildings (1887). 888:) had necessitated the plan's reproduction to enable the 695:

gardens, such as may accommodate foreign ministers &

560:, a monument voted in by the late Continental Congress." 4530:

National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

4310:

The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: 1 April to 4 August 1791

2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 1483:: National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 608: 164:

and has inspired plans for other world capitals such as

4153:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

2072:. Washington: United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. 436:) would be built on Jenkins Hill (later to be known as 2534:"The Capitol: History and Construction of the Capitol" 2283: 1532:. National Coalition to Save Our Mall. Archived from 825: 2004:. Library of Congress. July 29, 2010. Archived from 803:

then revised the plan, despite L'Enfant's protests.

32:

Facsimile of 1791 L'Enfant Plan for Washington, D.C.

3177:"Something About L'Enfant And His Personal Affairs" 3153:

Creating the federal city, 1774–1800: Potomac fever

874:

United States attorney for the District of Columbia

232:, at some location between the Eastern Branch (the 188:took inspiration from the plan for Washington, DC. 3886: 3865: 637:, formed of water from the sources of the Tiber." 3910:Civil War to Civil Rights Downtown Heritage Trail 1885: 1883: 1055: 4506: 2923: 2921: 2721:Glazer, Nathan; Field, Cynthia R., eds. (2008). 460: 4279:"Editorial Note: Fixing the Seat of Government" 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 1713:Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation 1355: 1257: 970:Today, various government agencies such as the 880:, the acting secretary of the treasury and the 4515:18th-century architecture in the United States 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2445: 1880: 830:In a paper published in 1899, John Stewart, a 3904:Busch, Richard T.; Smith, Kathryn Schneider. 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 2918: 2489: 2487: 1466: 1078: 917:National Capital Park and Planning Commission 913:National Capital Park and Planning Commission 427: 3790: 3725:Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. 3568:Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. 3528:Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. 3488:Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. 3426:Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. 3388: 3358:Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. 3318: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3271: 3269: 2829: 2827: 2507:"The Mysterious Mr. Jenkins of Jenkins Hill" 2451: 2184:Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. 2114: 2100:Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1941: 1899: 1897: 1862:National Archives and Records Administration 1851: 1510:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 981: 526: 3830:Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C. 3314: 3312: 3310: 3174: 2720: 2552: 2193: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1847: 1845: 1670: 198:History of Washington, D.C. § Founding 4432: 4181:Records of the Columbia Historical Society 4076:Records of the Columbia Historical Society 3746: 3429: 3181:Records of the Columbia Historical Society 2969:Records of the Columbia Historical Society 2896:Records of the Columbia Historical Society 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2484: 2220: 1903: 1636:"Chapter 9. Planning the National Capital" 818:basis for the capital city's development. 794:Under the direction of the commissioners, 51: 4102: 3795:Dotted line map of Washington, D.C., 1791 3786: 3784: 3696:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 3578:Gilmore, Mathew B. (September 20, 2016). 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3291: 3280: 3266: 3115: 3039: 2824: 2152:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 2038: 1974: 1894: 40:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 4211: 3681: 3307: 3205:United States Department of the Interior 2684:. University of Virginia. Archived from 2542:United States Government Printing Office 2273:United States Government Printing Office 2260: 2258: 1930: 1842: 1477:United States Department of the Interior 1414:Streets and highways of Washington, D.C. 1040: 1019: 993: 985: 952: 894: 773: 761: 745: 727: 709: 639: 607: 542: 500: 368: 353: 201: 4174: 4137:Robinson & Associates (July 2007). 4017: 3912:. Washington, DC: Cultural Tourism DC. 3906:"W.7: Freedom Plaza: 13th and E Sts NW" 3577: 3534:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 3494:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 3454:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 3149: 3022: 2889: 2872: 2856: 2773:"Lost Capitol Hill: The Zero Milestone" 2577: 2498: 2454:"To The President of the United States" 2066:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 1944:"To The President of the United States" 1738: 1736: 1572:"Major Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant" 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 940:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 851:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 742:Andrew Ellicott's revisions to the plan 4507: 4384: 4069: 3903: 3840: 3781: 3373: 2875:"IV. The First Board of Commissioners" 2659:Pfanz, Donald C. (February 11, 1981). 1868:from the original on December 31, 2017 1433:"National Register Information System" 558:equestrian figure of George Washington 207:View of the City of Washington in 1792 4243: 3995:from the original on January 27, 2021 3887:Miller, Richard E. (April 14, 2009). 3874:from the original on October 19, 2011 3866:Miller, Richard E. (April 13, 2009). 3215:from the original on October 28, 2010 2702:"The 1791 L'Enfant Plan and the Mall" 2658: 2504: 2264: 2255: 2226: 1796: 1742: 1706: 1615:from the original on October 28, 2010 1492:from the original on November 5, 2017 473:was selected to design the building. 4325: 4304: 4250:. Vol. 1: 1790-1814. New York: 3982: 2931: 2770: 2708:from the original on October 1, 2015 2227:Jones, Jonathan (January 12, 2021). 2194:Faethz, E.F.M.; Pratt, F.W. (1874). 1733: 1633: 1449: 1438:National Register of Historic Places 972:National Capital Planning Commission 834:who was in charge of records in the 4535:Urban planning in the United States 4293:from the original on March 15, 2016 4227:from the original on March 28, 2019 3985:"LOST CAPITOL HILL: GEORGIA AVE SE" 3916:from the original on March 21, 2016 3239: 3023:Docktor, John W. (March 22, 1997). 2783:from the original on March 15, 2016 2667:from the original on March 21, 2021 2609:(2) Coordinates of Jefferson Pier: 2505:Vlach, John Michael (Spring 2004). 2239:from the original on March 26, 2021 1995:"Original Plan of Washington, D.C." 1425: 13: 4359: 4204: 2729:The Johns Hopkins University Press 2679: 2164:from the original on March 1, 2005 1942:L'Enfant, P.C. (August 19, 1791). 1805:White House Historical Association 1751:White House Historical Association 1688:from the original on April 4, 2017 1046:Depiction of the L'Enfant Plan in 826:Manuscripts and copies of the plan 535: 270:, who was serving as Washington's 176:. In the United States, plans for 160:. It is regarded as a landmark in 14: 4546: 4486: 4212:Arnebeck, Bob (January 2, 2017). 3983:Pohl, Robert (January 11, 2010). 3843:"Freedom Plaza in Washington, DC" 3617:. Philadelphia. January 4, 1792. 3197:"The L'Enfant and McMillan Plans" 2972:. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: 2944:from the original on July 8, 2011 2771:Pohl, Robert (November 9, 2009). 2704:. National Mall Coalition. 2015. 2532:Federal Writers' Project (1937). 1601:"The L'Enfant and McMillan Plans" 1028: 432:The Congress House (known as the 4492: 4244:Bryan, Wilhelmus Bogart (1914). 3791:L'Enfant, Peter Charles (1791). 3763:"A Washington DC Map Chronology" 3389:L'Enfant, Peter Charles (1791). 3319:L'Enfant, Peter Charles (1791). 3025:"Plan of the City of Washington" 2452:L'Enfant, P.C. (June 22, 1791). 1852:L'Enfant, P.C. (June 22, 1791). 1409:Architecture of Washington, D.C. 4433:Stephenson, Richard W. (1993). 3976: 3928: 3833: 3765:. dcsymbols.com. Archived from 3728: 3663: 3645: 3634: 3624: 3606: 3571: 3361: 3227: 3108: 3015: 2956: 2795: 2764: 2651: 2570: 2525: 2494:Robinson and Associates, p. 12. 2353: 2187: 2103: 2029: 1833: 1800:The President's House, Volume 1 1790: 1779: 1746:The President's House, Volume 1 936:United States Geological Survey 849:Five years later, in 1887, the 750:L'Enfant's original design for 523:, replaced the marker in 1804. 286:'s unrealized plan for London. 150:Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant 4397:University of California Press 4103:Partridge, William T. (1930). 3870:. Historical Marker Database. 3116:Partridge, William T. (1930). 3040:Partridge, William T. (1930). 1904:Passanneau, Joseph R. (2004). 1700: 1627: 1593: 1568:"Major Peter Charles L'Enfant" 1548: 1518: 1056:L'Enfant Plan in Freedom Plaza 882:United States secretary of war 878:United States attorney general 718: 698: 686: 675: 663: 651: 628: 616: 591: 579: 563: 551: 363:U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey 158:president of the United States 115: 58:U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey 1: 4368:. DCpages.com. Archived from 4070:Morgan, James Dudley (1899). 4010: 3031:on June 23, 2012 – via 1226:Reservation 152–154; 163–164 1011: 4499:Old maps of Washington, D.C. 4026:George Washington University 3891:. Historical Marker Database 3849:. About, Inc. Archived from 3615:Gazette of the United States 3150:Bowling, Kenneth R. (1988). 2940:. Bob Arnebeck's Web Pages. 2629:38.8898040639°N 77.0365444°W 2590:(Part 6). Washington, D.C.: 1356:List of contributing streets 1258:List of contributing avenues 836:United States Army Engineers 21:United States historic place 7: 4525:History of Washington, D.C. 4326:Kite, Elizabeth S. (1929). 4084:Columbia Historical Society 4018:Bowling, Kenneth R (2002). 3560:of the 1791 L'Enfant plan. 3520:of the 1791 L'Enfant plan. 3480:of the 1791 L'Enfant plan. 3145:Hathi Trust Digital Library 2974:Columbia Historical Society 2466:Columbia Historical Society 2092:of the 1791 L'Enfant plan. 1956:Columbia Historical Society 1715:. Vintage. pp. 50–52. 1641:The Making of Urban America 1634:Reps, John William (1965). 1566:has identified L'Enfant as 1402: 928:National Geographic Society 707:, and all along the avenue 476: 386:Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line 349: 258:Montgomery County, Maryland 148:developed in 1791 by Major 10: 4551: 4353:HathiTrust Digital Library 4318:Princeton University Press 4111:Government Printing Office 3613:"New City of Washington". 3124:Government Printing Office 3049:Government Printing Office 2976:. 1889. pp. 142–147. 2634:38.8898040639; -77.0365444 2592:Government Printing Office 2544:. p. 210 – via 1998:American Treasures of the 1646:Princeton University Press 1079:List of contributing parks 1062:Northwest Washington, D.C. 218:American Revolutionary War 195: 191: 3688:L'Enfant, Peter Charles; 3532:L'Enfant, Peter Charles; 3492:L'Enfant, Peter Charles; 3452:L'Enfant, Peter Charles; 3368:Robinson & Associates 2873:Tindall, William (1914). 2663:. National Park Service. 2578:Bingham, Theo. A (1898). 2383:38.8958437°N 77.0306772°W 2140:L'Enfant, Peter Charles; 2064:L'Enfant, Peter Charles; 2022:Congress for safekeeping. 1707:Ellis, Joseph J. (2002). 1485:. National Park Service. 1002: 990:Public Reservations, 1894 982:Features of L'Enfant Plan 962:, depicts L'Enfant's Plan 866:secretary of the treasury 790:, lot numbers and legends 603:National Portrait Gallery 527:Squares and Public Spaces 126: 114:NRHP reference 113: 76: 65: 50: 46: 37: 30: 26: 2938:The General and the Plan 1574:in its histories of the 1419: 890:United States government 341:to supply well-regarded 4332:. Baltimore, Maryland: 4149:Smithsonian Institution 3954:38.895838°N 77.031254°W 3841:Cooper, Rachel (2017). 2837:. Library of Congress. 2805:. Library of Congress. 2727:. Baltimore, Maryland: 2423:38.895840°N 77.031254°W 2388:38.8958437; -77.0306772 1797:Seale, William (1986). 1743:Seale, William (1986). 1684:. Library of Congress. 1071:and renamed in 1988 to 976:Commission of Fine Arts 886:Morris v. United States 400:or Executive Mansion). 4175:Stewart, John (1899). 3246:Vicksburg, Mississippi 3103:L'Enfant Plan Ellicott 2890:Stewart, John (1899). 1052: 1025: 999: 991: 963: 900: 791: 771: 759: 715: 648: 613: 586:Naval itinerary Column 548: 516: 377: 366: 209: 4385:Savage, Kirk (2009). 4314:Princeton, New Jersey 4252:The MacMillan Company 3959:38.895838; -77.031254 3209:National Park Service 2428:38.895840; -77.031254 2332:National Park Service 2305:National Park Service 1609:National Park Service 1564:National Park Service 1481:National Park Service 1443:National Park Service 1335:South Carolina Avenue 1314:North Carolina Avenue 1044: 1023: 997: 989: 959:The Washington Family 956: 932:National Park Service 898: 777: 765: 749: 728:Additional References 713: 643: 611: 546: 504: 434:United States Capitol 413:Washington City Canal 394:United States Capitol 372: 359:Boston Public Library 357: 343:Aquia Creek sandstone 282:'s plan for Rome and 205: 196:Further information: 98:38.89056°N 77.02028°W 4501:at Wikimedia Commons 4439:. Washington, D.C.: 4393:Berkeley, California 4109:. Washington, D.C.: 4082:. Washington, D.C.: 4024:. Washington, D.C.: 3826:: Repository of the 3590:on December 19, 2018 3564:: Repository of the 3524:: Repository of the 3175:Bryan, W.B. (1899). 3122:. Washington, D.C.: 3088:Archival Description 3084:Scope & Contents 3047:. Washington, D.C.: 2540:. Washington, D.C.: 2464:. Washington, D.C.: 2330:. Washington, D.C.: 2311:on February 24, 2012 2303:. Washington, D.C.: 2271:. Washington, D.C.: 2096:: Repository of the 1954:. Washington, D.C.: 1578:on its website. The 1560:Jean Jules Jusserand 1397:South Capitol Street 1392:North Capitol Street 1299:New Hampshire Avenue 1294:Massachusetts Avenue 1198:Eastern Market Metro 1096:U.S. Capitol Grounds 623:Five grand fountains 514:in background (2012) 337:and southeast along 284:Sir Christopher Wren 262:Alexandria, Virginia 250:District of Columbia 242:Hagerstown, Maryland 4441:Library of Congress 4372:on October 18, 2017 4334:Johns Hopkins Press 4162:on October 19, 2018 3949: / 3853:on January 26, 2017 3828:Library of Congress 3801:Library of Congress 3797:, before Aug. 19th" 3769:on February 5, 2017 3723:Library of Congress 3690:Library of Congress 3566:Library of Congress 3526:Library of Congress 3486:Library of Congress 3424:Library of Congress 3400:Library of Congress 3356:Library of Congress 3329:Library of Congress 3287:Stewart, pp. 52–53. 3240:Cowdrey, Albert E. 2624: / 2513:on October 23, 2008 2418: / 2378: / 2341:on January 11, 2012 2199:Library of Congress 2182:Library of Congress 2142:Library of Congress 2098:Library of Congress 2008:on February 5, 2017 2000:Library of Congress 1576:Washington Monument 1536:on February 4, 2012 1526:"The L'Enfant Plan" 1377:Independence Avenue 1372:East Capitol Street 1367:Constitution Avenue 1330:Rhode Island Avenue 1319:Pennsylvania Avenue 1108:Mount Vernon Square 692:Well improved field 512:Washington Monument 461:"President's House" 238:Conococheague Creek 103:38.89056; -77.02028 94: / 4303:(Original source: 4113:. pp. 21–38. 3740:2017-04-08 at the 3721:Repository of the 3675:2017-04-08 at the 3657:2017-04-08 at the 3484:Repository of the 3422:Repository of the 3354:Repository of the 3187:: 113 – via 3126:. pp. 21–38. 3101:using search term 3097:2017-05-01 at the 2180:Repository of the 1580:United States Code 1264:Connecticut Avenue 1220:Reservation 68–69 1214:Reservation 65–67 1208:Reservation 62–64 1202:Reservation 59–61 1196:Reservation 44–49 1190:Reservation 38–43 1184:Reservation 35–36 1178:Reservation 32–33 1172:Reservation 25–27 1053: 1026: 1000: 992: 974:and United States 964: 901: 792: 772: 760: 716: 649: 614: 549: 517: 378: 367: 272:secretary of state 210: 4497:Media related to 4360:Levine, Michael. 4287:National Archives 3989:thehillishome.com 3078:holds a copy of " 3076:National Archives 2738:978-0-8018-8805-2 2566:Partridge, p. 30. 2110:Partridge, p. 33. 1445:. March 13, 2009. 1304:New Jersey Avenue 1240:East Potomac Park 1234:West Potomac Park 1174:Washington Circle 942:'s 1887 tracing. 154:George Washington 134: 133: 4542: 4496: 4481: 4475: 4473: 4429: 4423: 4421: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4356: 4350: 4348: 4321: 4320:. pp. 3–72. 4312:. Vol. 20. 4302: 4300: 4298: 4274: 4273:Digital Library. 4268: 4266: 4240: 4234: 4232: 4222: 4199: 4193: 4191: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4161: 4155:. Archived from 4146: 4133: 4132:Digital Library. 4127: 4125: 4099: 4093: 4091: 4066: 4060: 4058: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3837: 3831: 3822: 3817: 3815: 3788: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3759: 3744: 3735:Partridge, p. 25 3732: 3726: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3685: 3679: 3670:Partridge, p. 22 3667: 3661: 3652:Partridge, p. 24 3649: 3643: 3638: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3597: 3595: 3575: 3569: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3448: 3427: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3386: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3316: 3305: 3300: 3289: 3284: 3278: 3273: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3192: 3171: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3112: 3106: 3072:Digital Library. 3067: 3065: 3063: 3036: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3006: 3004: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2925: 2916: 2915: 2909: 2907: 2886: 2869: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2831: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2777:The Hill is Home 2768: 2762: 2761: 2755: 2753: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2616:38°53′23.29463″N 2607: 2601: 2599: 2574: 2568: 2563: 2550: 2549: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2502: 2496: 2491: 2482: 2481: 2475: 2473: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2414: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2340: 2339:(enlarged image) 2334:. 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Archived from 2296: 2281: 2280: 2262: 2253: 2252: 2246: 2244: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2191: 2185: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2137: 2112: 2107: 2101: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2061: 2036: 2033: 2027: 2024: 2015: 2013: 1991: 1972: 1971: 1965: 1963: 1939: 1928: 1927: 1901: 1892: 1887: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1849: 1840: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1794: 1788: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1753:. pp. 1–4. 1740: 1731: 1730: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1597: 1591: 1552: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1509: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1491: 1473: 1464: 1447: 1446: 1429: 1340:Tennessee Avenue 1284:Louisiana Avenue 1250:Reservation 617 1244:Reservation 334 1238:Reservation 333 1232:Reservation 332 1126:McPherson Square 1120:Lafayette Square 1102:Judiciary Square 1090:Reservation 2–6 1086:President's Park 812:Judiciary Square 681:President’s park 455:William Thornton 428:"Congress House" 422:Judiciary Square 335:Wigginton Island 280:Domenico Fontana 268:Thomas Jefferson 214:Continental Army 140:for the city of 127:Designated 117: 109: 108: 106: 105: 104: 99: 95: 92: 91: 90: 87: 70:Washington, D.C. 55: 24: 23: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4505: 4504: 4489: 4484: 4471: 4469: 4451: 4419: 4417: 4407: 4375: 4373: 4366:History DC Area 4346: 4344: 4306:Boyd, Julian P. 4296: 4294: 4283:Founders Online 4277: 4264: 4262: 4230: 4228: 4216: 4207: 4205:Further reading 4202: 4189: 4187: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4144: 4123: 4121: 4089: 4087: 4056: 4054: 4036: 4013: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3981: 3977: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3901: 3894: 3892: 3884: 3877: 3875: 3863: 3856: 3854: 3838: 3834: 3813: 3811: 3789: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3761: 3760: 3747: 3742:Wayback Machine 3733: 3729: 3706: 3704: 3686: 3682: 3677:Wayback Machine 3668: 3664: 3659:Wayback Machine 3650: 3646: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3593: 3591: 3576: 3572: 3550: 3548: 3529: 3510: 3508: 3489: 3470: 3468: 3449: 3430: 3412: 3410: 3387: 3374: 3366: 3362: 3341: 3339: 3317: 3308: 3303:Stewart, p. 62. 3301: 3292: 3285: 3281: 3276:Stewart, p. 54. 3274: 3267: 3254: 3252: 3237: 3235:Stewart, p. 27. 3232: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3195: 3193: 3172: 3164: 3147: 3136: 3134: 3113: 3109: 3099:Wayback Machine 3073: 3061: 3059: 3037: 3020: 3016: 3002: 3000: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2932:Arnebeck, Bob. 2926: 2919: 2905: 2903: 2887: 2870: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2833: 2832: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2769: 2765: 2751: 2749: 2739: 2731:. p. 179. 2718: 2711: 2709: 2700: 2698: 2691: 2689: 2688:on June 5, 2011 2677: 2670: 2668: 2656: 2652: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2623: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2597: 2595: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2553: 2530: 2526: 2516: 2514: 2503: 2499: 2492: 2485: 2471: 2469: 2450: 2446: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2404: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2364: 2358: 2354: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2314: 2312: 2299: 2297: 2284: 2263: 2256: 2242: 2240: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2192: 2188: 2167: 2165: 2138: 2115: 2108: 2104: 2082: 2080: 2062: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2011: 2009: 1993: 1992: 1975: 1961: 1959: 1940: 1931: 1916: 1902: 1895: 1890:Stewart, p. 52. 1888: 1881: 1871: 1869: 1858:Founders Online 1850: 1843: 1838: 1834: 1815: 1795: 1791: 1786:Stewart, p. 50. 1784: 1780: 1761: 1741: 1734: 1723: 1705: 1701: 1691: 1689: 1682:American Memory 1676: 1675: 1671: 1660: 1632: 1628: 1618: 1616: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1553: 1549: 1539: 1537: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1503: 1502: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1471: 1465: 1450: 1431: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1405: 1358: 1350:Virginia Avenue 1309:New York Avenue 1289:Maryland Avenue 1279:Kentucky Avenue 1269:Delaware Avenue 1260: 1166:Reservation 18 1160:Reservation 17 1154:Reservation 16 1148:Reservation 15 1142:Reservation 14 1136:Reservation 13 1132:Farragut Square 1130:Reservation 12 1124:Reservation 11 1118:Reservation 10 1114:Franklin Square 1081: 1058: 1051: 1031: 1014: 1005: 984: 828: 796:Andrew Ellicott 744: 730: 721: 701: 689: 678: 666: 654: 647: 645: 631: 619: 594: 582: 570:historic column 566: 554: 538: 536:Plan References 529: 515: 479: 463: 430: 352: 234:Anacostia River 200: 194: 102: 100: 96: 93: 88: 85: 83: 81: 80: 61: 42: 33: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4548: 4538: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4503: 4502: 4488: 4487:External links 4485: 4483: 4482: 4449: 4430: 4405: 4399:. p. 25. 4382: 4357: 4323: 4308:, ed. (1982). 4275: 4241: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4172: 4134: 4100: 4067: 4034: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4006: 3975: 3927: 3832: 3780: 3745: 3727: 3680: 3662: 3644: 3633: 3623: 3605: 3570: 3428: 3372: 3360: 3306: 3290: 3279: 3265: 3226: 3162: 3107: 3051:. p. 34. 3014: 2955: 2917: 2855: 2823: 2794: 2763: 2737: 2680:Hanlon, Mary. 2650: 2640:Jefferson Pier 2569: 2551: 2524: 2497: 2483: 2444: 2352: 2282: 2254: 2219: 2186: 2113: 2102: 2037: 2035:Morgan, p. 120 2028: 1973: 1929: 1914: 1893: 1879: 1841: 1832: 1813: 1789: 1778: 1759: 1732: 1721: 1699: 1669: 1658: 1626: 1592: 1584:40 U.S.C. 1547: 1517: 1448: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1345:Vermont Avenue 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1324:Georgia Avenue 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1274:Indiana Avenue 1271: 1266: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1248: 1246:Columbus Plaza 1242: 1236: 1230: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1206: 1200: 1194: 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1180:Freedom Plaza 1177: 1175: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1163: 1162:Garfield Park 1159: 1157: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1092:National Mall 1089: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1076: 1074: 1073:Freedom Plaza 1070: 1067: 1063: 1049: 1048:Freedom Plaza 1043: 1039: 1035: 1022: 1018: 1009: 996: 988: 979: 977: 973: 968: 961: 960: 955: 951: 947: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 924: 920: 918: 914: 909: 905: 897: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 870: 867: 861: 859: 856: 852: 847: 843: 839: 837: 833: 823: 819: 815: 813: 809: 808:Square No. 15 804: 802: 797: 789: 785: 784:Potomac River 781: 776: 769: 764: 757: 756:Logan Circles 753: 748: 739: 736: 733: 725: 712: 708: 706: 696: 693: 684: 682: 673: 671: 661: 659: 642: 638: 636: 635:Grand Cascade 626: 624: 610: 606: 604: 599: 589: 587: 577: 575: 571: 561: 559: 545: 541: 533: 524: 522: 513: 509: 506:West side of 503: 499: 497: 496:National Mall 493: 488: 484: 474: 472: 468: 458: 456: 451: 450:John Trumbull 447: 443: 439: 435: 425: 423: 418: 414: 409: 407: 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 375: 371: 364: 360: 356: 347: 344: 340: 336: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 287: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 263: 259: 256:(formerly in 255: 251: 245: 243: 239: 235: 231: 230:Potomac River 227: 226:Residence Act 223: 219: 215: 208: 204: 199: 189: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 138:L'Enfant Plan 129: 125: 122: 119: 112: 107: 79: 75: 71: 68: 64: 59: 54: 49: 45: 41: 36: 29: 25: 19: 4478:Google Books 4476:– via 4470:. 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