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155:. Although predominantly concerned with the planning of settlements and communities, urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people, and waste; the distribution of basic necessities such as water and electricity; a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance that actively contributes to reduction in CO
293:
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696:'s "ladder of citizen participation" is often used by many urban planners and city governments to determine the degree of inclusivity or exclusivity of their urban planning. One main source of engagement between city officials and residents are city council meetings that are open to the residents and that welcome public comments. Additionally, in USA there are some federal requirements for citizen participation in government-funded infrastructure projects.
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324:. Archaeologists studying the ruins of cities in these areas find paved streets that were laid out at right angles in a grid pattern. The idea of a planned out urban area evolved as different civilizations adopted it. Beginning in the 8th century BCE, Greek city states primarily used orthogonal (or grid-like) plans.
407:
and uniformity began to surface in urban planning, and lasted until the 1970s. In 1933, Le
Corbusier presented the Radiant City, a city that grows up in the form of towers, as a solution to the problem of pollution and over-crowding. But many planners started to believe that the ideas of modernism in
679:
strain of political thinking argues in a similar vein that the government should not intrude in the political competition between different interest groups which decides how land is used. The traditional justification for urban planning has in response been that the planner does to the city what the
619:
An urban planner is a professional who works in the field of urban planning for the purpose of optimizing the effectiveness of a community's land use and infrastructure. They formulate plans for the development and management of urban and suburban areas. They typically analyze land use compatibility
344:
many new cities were enlarged with newly planned extensions. From the 15th century on, much more is recorded of urban design and the people that were involved. In this period, theoretical treatises on architecture and urban planning start to appear in which theoretical questions around planning the
203:
to achieve strategic, policy and sustainability goals. Early urban planners were often members of these cognate fields though today, urban planning is a separate, independent professional discipline. The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as
478:
Planning theory is the body of scientific concepts, definitions, behavioral relationships, and assumptions that define the body of knowledge of urban planning. There are eight procedural theories of planning that remain the principal theories of planning procedure today: the rational-comprehensive
339:
subsequently spread the ideas of urban planning. As the Roman Empire declined, these ideas slowly disappeared. However, many cities in Europe still held onto the planned Roman city center. Cities in Europe from the 9th to 14th centuries, often grew organically and sometimes chaotically. But in the
1605:
Codes, rules, and standards are part of a matrix of relations that influence the practice of urban planning and design. These forms of regulation provide an important and inescapable framework for development, from the laying out of subdivisions to the control of stormwater runoff. The subject of
555:
In order to predict how cities will develop and estimate the effects of their interventions, planners use various models. These models can be used to indicate relationships and patterns in demographic, geographic, and economic data. They might deal with short-term issues such as how people move
691:
Another debate within the urban planning field is about who is included and excluded in the urban planning decision-making process. Most urban planning processes use a top-down approach which fails to include the residents of the places where urban planners and city officials are working.
159:
emissions as well as protecting heritage structures and built environments. Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes.
479:
approach, the incremental approach, the transactive approach, the communicative approach, the advocacy approach, the equity approach, the radical approach, and the humanist or phenomenological approach. Some other conceptual planning theories include
683:
The widely adopted consensus-building model of planning, which seeks to accommodate different preferences within the community has been criticized for being based upon, rather than challenging, the power structures of the community. Instead,
144:'s writings on legal and political perspectives to emphasize the interests of residents, businesses and communities effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning.
442:
to incorporate geographic areas within the city that allow for novel business development and the prioritization of infrastructure that would assist with improving the quality of life of citizens by extending their potential lifespan.
620:
as well as economic, environmental, and social trends. In developing any plan for a community (whether commercial, residential, agricultural, natural or recreational), urban planners must consider a wide array of issues including
647:
The importance of the urban planner is increasing in the 21st century, as modern society begins to face issues of increased population growth, climate change and unsustainable development. An urban planner could be considered a
1606:
regulations leads to the source of how communities are designed and constructed—defining how they can and can't be built—and how codes, rules, and standards continue to shape the physical space where we live and work.
433:
predicted in 2018 that around 2.5 billion more people occupy urban areas by 2050 according to population elements of global migration. New planning theories have adopted non-traditional concepts such as
450:. London began to charge a congestion charge for cars trying to access already crowded places in the city. Cities nowadays stress the importance of public transit and cycling by adopting such policies.
659:", adapted to their cities and cultures. However, professionals have identified skills, abilities, and basic knowledge sets that are common to urban planners across regional and national boundaries.
136:, protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities. Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental
368:
Planning and architecture went through a paradigm shift at the turn of the 20th century. The industrialized cities of the 19th century grew at a tremendous rate. The evils of urban life for the
328:(498–408 BC), the ancient Greek architect and urban planner, is considered to be "the father of European urban planning", and the namesake of the "Hippodamian plan" (grid plan) of city layout.
566:
and other regulations dovetail with urban planning by governing how cities are constructed and used from the individual level. Enforcement methodologies include governmental
1172:
Van Assche, K.; Beunen, R.; Duineveld, M.; & de Jong, H. (2013). "Co-evolutions of planning and design: Risks and benefits of design perspectives in planning systems".
506:
is an urban planning approach that involves the entire community in the planning process. Participatory planning in the United States emerged during the 1960s and 1970s.
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that championed intervention on the part of the poor and disadvantaged. Around 1900, theorists began developing urban planning models to mitigate the consequences of the
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main lines, ensuring plans meet the needs of the given population and so forth are addressed and designs of towns and cities are described and depicted. During the
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The foundation, planning and building of new towns in the 13th and 14th centuries in Europe. An architectural-historical research into urban form and its creation
195:
and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings and other urban areas. Urban planners work with the cognate fields of civil engineering,
520:
Technical aspects of urban planning involve the application of scientific, technical processes, considerations and features that are involved in planning for
140:
that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people, maintaining sustainability standards. Similarly, in the early 21st century,
335:
also used orthogonal plans for their cities. City planning in the Roman world was developed for military defense and public convenience. The spread of the
552:, identifying transportation patterns, recognizing food supply demands, allocating healthcare and social services, and analyzing the impact of land use.
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388:, by providing citizens, especially factory workers, with healthier environments. The following century would therefore be globally dominated by a
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Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or
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Urban planners studying the effects of increasing congestion in urban areas began to address the externalities, the negative impacts caused by
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Friedman, John (2012). "Varieties of
Planning Experience: Toward a Globalized Planning Culture?". In Weber, Rachel; Crane, Randall (eds.).
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Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work, and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban,
560:(GIS) that is used to create a model of the existing planning and then to project future impacts on the society, economy and environment.
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In the second half of the 20th century, urban planners gradually shifted their focus to individualism and diversity in urban centers.
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Knox, P. L. (2020) Better by Design?: Architecture, Urban
Planning, and the Good City. Blacksburg: Virginia Tech Publishing. DOI:
5046:
1462:
Whittemore, Andrew H. (2014). "Practitioners
Theorize, Too Reaffirming Planning Theory in a Survey of Practitioners' Theories".
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41:"Development planning" redirects here. For proposals setting out a local authority's policies and proposals for land use, see
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engineer or architect does to the home, that is, make it more amenable to the needs and preferences of its inhabitants.
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Ben-Joseph, Eran (2012). "Codes and
Standards in Urban Planning and Design". In Weber, Rachel; Crane, Randall (eds.).
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as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings and public spaces.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, urban planning began to be recognized as a separate profession. The
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was founded in 1899 and the first academic course in Great
Britain on urban planning was offered by the
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124:. Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of
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are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design,
65:– an example of a typical planned European industrial city founded in 1938 together with a shoemaking
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Triumph of the City: How Our Best
Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier
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approach to urban planning, not representing an increment in the overall quality of the urban realm.
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224:. Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning.
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in specific contexts, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and
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Smit, Anneke; Valiante, Marcia (2015). "Introduction". In Smit, Anneke; Valiante, Marcia (eds.).
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Planning practices have incorporated policy changes to help address anthropogenic (human caused)
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to collect data and extract useful information to help make informed urban planning decisions.
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191:, policy recommendations, implementation and management. It is closely related to the field of
483:'s The Three Magnets theory that he envisioned for the future of British settlement, also his
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refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning.
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Landis, John D. (2012). "Modeling Urban
Systems". In Weber, Rachel; Crane, Randall (eds.).
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2017:
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Luis B. Elvas; Miguel Nunes; Joao C. Ferreira; Bruno
Francisco; Jose A. Afonso (2024).
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Hass-Klau, Carmen (2014). "Motorization and
Footpath Planning During the Third Reich."
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through cities, or long-term issues such as land use and growth. One such model is the
349:, several European rulers ambitiously attempted to redesign capital cities. During the
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1955:
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2021:
2009:
1990:"The politics of value in urban development: Valuing conflict in agonistic pluralism"
1959:
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2001:
1951:
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from larger highway systems in western countries such as in the United States. The
389:
42:
2292:
1111:"3 urban planning trends that are changing how our cities will look in the future"
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3274:
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2923:
2197:
2137:
2125:
2121:
1241:
Davreu, Robert (1978). "Cities of Mystery: The Lost Empire of the Indus Valley".
1060:
1020:
905:
845:
759:
693:
480:
172:
3244:
1665:"Georeferenced Analysis of Urban Nightlife and Noise Based on Mobile Phone Data"
304:
There is evidence of urban planning and designed communities dating back to the
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1781:
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Heidari, Hadi; Arabi, Mazdak; Warziniack, Travis; Kao, Shih-Chieh (June 2021).
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236:
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109:
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1989:
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58:
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3071:
3025:
3004:
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2678:
2637:
2399:
2219:
2201:
2175:
2129:
2088:"Neighborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America's Housing Crisis"
2048:
2013:
2005:
1963:
1790:
1741:
1732:
1707:
1558:
1475:
1159:
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935:
920:
900:
825:
729:
614:
598:
575:
563:
377:
373:
317:
184:
121:
113:
2191:
1757:"Shifts in hydroclimatology of US megaregions in response to climate change"
292:
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5172:
5059:
5036:
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4710:
4437:
4377:
4125:
4083:
3968:
3909:
3553:
3314:
3309:
3199:
3185:
3150:
3101:
2997:
2956:
2870:
2860:
2642:
1706:
Heidari, Hadi; Arabi, Mazdak; Warziniack, Travis; Sharvelle, Sybil (2021).
988:
940:
895:
840:
779:
655:
Some researchers suggest that urban planners, globally, work in different "
549:
525:
492:
369:
358:
336:
332:
256:
252:
192:
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35:
31:
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2227:
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style of government management of the economy, in fashion for most of the
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3757:
3369:
3294:
3175:
3160:
3135:
2985:
2975:
2457:
955:
699:
Participatory urban planning has been criticized for contributing to the
487:, the Concentric Model Zone also called the Burgess Model by sociologist
341:
305:
141:
137:
2352:
1971:
1939:
1681:
1664:
244:
5232:
5131:
5089:
4885:
4804:
4643:
4482:
4324:
4282:
4226:
3289:
2970:
2545:
2103:
875:
785:
749:
548:, geographic mapping and analysis, analyzing park space, surveying the
277:
152:
133:
105:
1691:
1297:
372:
were becoming increasingly evident as a matter of public concern. The
5114:
4935:
4417:
4314:
4243:
4137:
4110:
3936:
3779:
3578:
3208:
3051:
2307:
2087:
2086:
Einstein, Katherine Levine; Glick, David M.; Palmer, Maxwell (2020).
1911:
1139:
688:
has been proposed as a framework for urban planning decision-making.
629:
625:
579:
533:
435:
404:
272:
1636:
Public Interest, Private Property: Law and Planning Policy in Canada
69:
in which practically all adult inhabitants of the city were employed
5162:
5101:
5054:
4870:
3861:
3711:
3030:
3020:
2992:
2960:
2913:
2652:
2570:
2565:
1708:"Effects of Urban Development Patterns on Municipal Water Shortage"
1055:
Social Development: The Developmental Perspective in Social Welfare
597:, an increasing number of cities are adopting technologies such as
521:
176:
97:
62:
4682:
4015:
2167:
1266:. München: Verlag C.H. Beck, pp. 51–141: Morris, A. E. J. (1972).
491:, the Radburn Superblock that encourages pedestrian movement, the
365:
into a more modern capital, with long, straight, wide boulevards.
5222:
4970:
4757:
4164:
3110:
2472:
2416:
1860:
1369:
1210:
685:
66:
30:"Urban development" redirects here. For actual development, see
5262:
5021:
3213:
3096:
2560:
2244:
1705:
1365:
1362:
British Town Planning and Urban Design: Principles and policies
885:
641:
567:
545:
209:
148:
93:
54:
1613:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 352–370.
1584:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 323–350.
714:
408:
urban planning led to higher crime rates and social problems.
5257:
5212:
5141:
5119:
2855:
835:
637:
2249:
2196:
1839:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 87–98.
671:
argues that planning is unnecessary, or even harmful, as it
27:
Technical and political process of land use and urban design
5217:
4782:
3904:
3680:
2550:
1535:"Public Participation in Planning: an intellectual history"
282:
163:
Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes
1323:
Jordan, David (1992). "Baron Haussmann and Modern Paris".
1245:. (second edition). Sydney: Reader's Digest. pp. 121–129.
296:
Berlin – Siegessäule. August 1963. Spacious and organized
4206:
2207:
Old Towns and New Needs; also the Town Extension Plan
1861:"American Institutes of Certified Planners Certification"
1754:
540:. Urban planning includes techniques such as: predicting
100:
and the built environment, including air, water, and the
431:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
300:
was official government policy dating back to Nazi rule.
1286:
New York: Penguin Press, p. 19, ISBN 978-1-59420-277-3.
735:
Aire de mise en valeur de l'architecture et du paysage
1914:. International Society of City and Regional Planners
2368:
2255:
1268:
History of Urban Form. Prehistory to the Renaissance
710:
640:, land values, economic development, social equity,
2085:
1203:
1052:
1988:McAuliffe, Cameron; Rogers, Dallas (March 2019).
5291:
1496:
2319:. New York: Columbia University. Archived from
2043:, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 290–302,
1987:
1189:. American Planning Association. Archived from
498:
132:, which included considerations of efficiency,
2397:
4726:
4031:
3696:
2488:
1102:
495:and the Multiple Nuclei Model among others.
45:. For planning for personal development, see
4740:
2354:Harvard University Graduate School of Design
1633:
1499:"Town planning theories concept and models"
1360:Morris, Eleanor Smith; et al. (1997).
1353:
340:following centuries with the coming of the
4733:
4719:
4038:
4024:
3703:
3689:
2495:
2481:
2408:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
2120:
1937:
1608:
1464:Journal of Planning Education and Research
1461:
1302:. Phd. thesis Universiteit van Amsterdam.
591:information and communication technologies
251:in Paris planned cities from scratch, and
2414:
2309:Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library
2192:https://doi.org/10.21061/better-by-design
1806:"Ten Best Green Jobs for the Next Decade"
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2703:Regional Planning Association of America
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276:
53:
1392:
1235:
1108:
1050:
14:
5292:
1579:
1359:
1322:
1204:Planetizen Courses (8 November 2019).
1041:
1014:
983:
981:
979:
977:
4714:
4019:
3684:
2476:
2425:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2289:University of California, Los Angeles
2261:
2037:""A Ladder of Citizen Participation""
1983:
1981:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1837:The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning
1761:Environmental Research Communications
1656:
1611:The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning
1582:The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning
1444:Whittmore, Andrew (2 February 2015).
1083:
1003:
931:Urban planning in communist countries
397:Town and Country Planning Association
4669:
3663:
1940:"Arguments for and against Planning"
1640:University of British Columbia Press
1532:
1137:
1133:
1131:
999:from the original on 8 January 2008.
509:
403:in 1909. In the 1920s, the ideas of
4045:
2774:Professional transportation planner
2443:
2335:
2278:
1816:from the original on 26 August 2012
1144:. Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
974:
516:Technical aspects of urban planning
24:
2502:
2134:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
2114:
1978:
1926:
1804:Kamenetz, Anya (14 January 2009).
1446:"How Planners Use Planning Theory"
474:Street Hierarchy and Accessibility
25:
5311:
2364:. Massachusetts: Harvard Library.
2256:Library guides for urban planning
2234:
2212:Victoria University of Manchester
1956:10.3828/tpr.56.1.e8286q3082111km4
1533:Lane, Marcus B. (November 2005).
1497:Mohd Nazim Saifi (4 March 2017).
1395:"The Evolution of Urban Planning"
1393:Routley, Nick (20 January 2018).
1128:
1109:Pobiner, Joe (18 February 2020).
675:allows for effective land use. A
608:
5274:
4692:
4681:
4668:
4657:
4656:
3999:
3998:
3662:
3641:
3640:
3628:
2035:Arnstein, Sherry (14 May 2020),
1890:Royal Institute of Town Planners
1017:Urban Planning Theory Since 1945
791:Index of urban planning articles
713:
380:, was starting to give way to a
5168:Residential cluster development
4611:List of social science journals
3763:Integrated landscape management
3171:Transferable development rights
2726:Environmental impact assessment
2433:"Urban & Regional Planning"
2079:
2028:
1938:Klosterman, Richard E. (1985).
1904:
1892:. Royal Town Planning Institute
1878:
1853:
1828:
1797:
1748:
1699:
1638:. Vancouver, British Columbia:
1627:
1598:
1573:
1526:
1490:
1437:
1412:
1386:
1335:
1316:
1289:
1273:
1256:
1222:
185:Practitioners of urban planning
4820:Shopping streets and districts
4568:Science and technology studies
2797:Community economic development
2576:Planning and zoning commission
2446:"Urban Studies & Planning"
2439:. USA: University of Michigan.
2417:"Urban Studies & Planning"
2371:"Urban Affairs & Planning"
1420:"Congestion Charge (Official)"
1197:
1179:
1166:
1115:Building Design + Construction
1077:
644:codes, and other legislation.
355:Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann
128:. The primary concern was the
13:
1:
3974:Drainage system (agriculture)
2338:"Urban & Regional Policy"
2250:American Planning Association
1865:American Planning Association
967:
558:Geographic Information System
47:Personal development planning
4946:Model dwellings for the poor
3710:
3410:Planning Accreditation Board
2769:Transit-oriented development
2731:Recreation resource planning
991:. School of Urban Planning,
775:Domestic travel restrictions
499:Participatory urban planning
363:redesigned the city of Paris
34:. For negative effects, see
7:
3751:Sustainable land management
2358:"Urban Planning and Design"
2092:Political Science Quarterly
1230:The Pedestrian and the City
1141:Contemporary urban planning
706:
453:
10:
5316:
3422:Professional organizations
2779:Urban freight distribution
2754:Transportation forecasting
2369:Hunter College Libraries.
2264:"Urban Planning Resources"
2150:10.4135/9781412965811.n316
1642:. pp. 1–36, page 10.
1243:The World's Last Mysteries
1088:. Routledge. p. 704.
612:
513:
463:
460:Theories of urban planning
457:
418:
266:
262:
40:
29:
5271:
5150:
5100:
5045:
5014:
4861:
4828:
4748:
4652:
4619:
4603:
4350:
4076:
4053:
3994:
3897:
3854:
3846:Locally unwanted land use
3718:
3658:List of planning journals
3622:
3544:
3509:
3483:
3437:
3430:
3397:
3357:
3233:
3226:
3039:
2947:
2894:
2818:
2809:
2787:
2744:
2711:
2693:
2661:
2627:History of urban planning
2608:
2599:
2538:
2510:
2454:Portland State University
1551:10.1080/00049180500325694
1206:"What is Urban Planning?"
806:List of planning journals
624:, existing and potential
601:mobile phone sensing and
357:, under the direction of
269:History of urban planning
4742:Real estate developments
3594:Marine spatial planning
3106:Healthy community design
2684:Village design statement
2674:Preservation development
2669:Conservation development
2272:Arizona State University
2049:10.4324/9780429261732-36
2006:10.1177/1473095219831381
1944:The Town Planning Review
1886:"Professional standards"
1782:10.1088/2515-7620/ac0617
1733:10.3389/frwa.2021.694817
1476:10.1177/0739456X14563144
1279:Glaeser, Edward (2011).
1086:Encyclopedia of the City
989:"What is Urban Planning"
911:Urban planning education
589:With recent advances in
298:city planning in Germany
249:Georges-Eugene Haussmann
104:passing into and out of
4951:Multifamily residential
4256:international relations
3979:Sustainable agriculture
3872:Real estate development
3609:Real estate development
3340:List of urban theorists
2836:City Beautiful movement
2764:Rational planning model
2746:Transportation planning
2736:Sustainable development
1348:Encyclopædia Britannica
1296:Boerefijn, Wim (2010).
1051:Midgley, James (1999).
821:List of urban theorists
703:in parts of the world.
401:University of Liverpool
233:Pierre Charles L'Enfant
222:transportation planning
4901:Conservation community
4583:Quantum social science
3834:Developed environments
3817:Environmental planning
3731:Development/Conversion
3653:List of planned cities
3589:Landscape architecture
3345:List of urban planners
3067:Conservation community
2904:Collaborative planning
2713:Environmental planning
2621:Comprehensive planning
1514:Cite journal requires
1138:Levy, John M. (2017).
1015:Taylor, Nigel (1998).
811:List of urban planners
801:List of planned cities
765:Cycling infrastructure
669:neoclassical economics
663:Criticisms and debates
504:Participatory planning
475:
415:21st century practices
301:
289:
218:environmental planning
197:landscape architecture
70:
4996:Single-room occupancy
4941:Mixed-use development
4926:Intentional community
4911:Golf course community
4773:Mixed-use development
4620:Other categorizations
4473:International studies
4458:History of technology
4393:Communication studies
4276:public administration
3879:Land development bank
3564:Development economics
3415:Real estate education
3375:James Howard Kunstler
3300:Konstantinos Doxiadis
3181:Urban growth boundary
3121:Mixed-use development
3016:Intentional community
2136:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
1539:Australian Geographer
1264:Die Stadt im Altertum
1084:Caves, R. W. (2004).
613:Further information:
584:restrictive covenants
578:, as well as private
514:Further information:
473:
458:Further information:
326:Hippodamus of Miletus
320:civilizations in the
295:
280:
267:Further information:
235:in Washington, D.C.,
201:public administration
179:, social science and
118:distribution networks
57:
5065:Garden city movement
4981:Retirement community
4453:Historical sociology
3984:Land change modeling
3812:Rangeland management
3792:Illegal construction
3116:Leapfrog development
3062:Complete Communities
2919:Intelligent urbanism
2846:Garden city movement
2789:Economic development
2721:Environmental design
2398:University Library.
1424:Transport for London
1372:. pp. 147–149.
1341:Fainstein, Susan S.
1270:. London, pp. 22–23.
1262:Kolb, Frank (1984).
755:Circulation planning
632:including potential
572:planning permissions
440:Innovation Districts
351:Second French Empire
347:Enlightenment period
322:third millennium BCE
214:economic development
199:, architecture, and
5228:Planning permission
4971:Residential airpark
4956:Penthouse apartment
4843:Industrial district
4633:Geisteswissenschaft
4627:Behavioral sciences
4553:Political sociology
4468:Information science
4413:Development studies
3802:Land rehabilitation
3785:Habitat destruction
3522:Communist countries
3146:Planning Permission
3083:Filtering (housing)
3057:Cluster development
2866:Settlement movement
2851:Indigenous planning
2385:on 22 February 2014
2379:CUNY Hunter College
2144:. pp. 517–18.
1773:2021ERCom...3f5002H
1724:2021FrW.....394817H
1682:10.3390/app14010362
1218:on 30 October 2021.
1187:"What Is Planning?"
866:Road traffic safety
816:List of urban plans
770:Development studies
740:Behavioral urbanism
721:Architecture portal
421:Mobility transition
229:Greenfield projects
189:public consultation
5281:Housing portal
4853:Technology centers
4688:Society portal
4175:auxiliary sciences
3920:Soil contamination
3867:Subdivision (land)
3827:Watertable control
3405:Planning education
3365:Elizabeth Farrelly
3209:High-rise urbanism
3047:Affordable housing
2586:World Urbanism Day
2104:10.1002/polq.13035
1712:Frontiers in Water
1368:, Essex, England:
881:Street reclamation
595:Internet of Things
476:
302:
290:
287:G. T. von Chiewitz
281:1852 city plan of
71:
5287:
5286:
5243:Regional planning
5203:Land-use planning
5085:Urban green space
5080:Planned community
5015:Science/education
4961:Private community
4708:
4707:
4548:Political economy
4543:Political ecology
4398:Community studies
4388:Cognitive science
4351:Interdisciplinary
4251:Political science
4013:
4012:
3807:Landscape ecology
3678:
3677:
3635:Cities portal
3559:Civil engineering
3540:
3539:
3393:
3392:
3222:
3221:
3190:Peri-urbanisation
3010:Planned community
2841:Dark-sky movement
2831:Car-free movement
2805:
2804:
2759:Trip distribution
2695:Regional planning
2648:Urban green space
2616:Land-use planning
2591:Labor market area
2581:Growth management
2556:Metropolitan area
2377:. New York City:
2159:978-1-4129-6580-4
2058:978-0-429-26173-2
1846:978-0-19-537499-5
1649:978-0-7748-2931-1
1620:978-0-19-537499-5
1591:978-0-19-537499-5
1399:Visual Capitalist
1379:978-0-582-23496-3
1193:on 10 March 2015.
1176:, 12(2), 177–198.
1151:978-1-138-66638-2
1070:978-0-8039-7773-0
1034:978-0-7619-6093-5
993:McGill University
926:Urban informatics
916:Urban green space
871:Rural development
861:Regional planning
856:Planning cultures
831:Low emission zone
673:market efficiency
657:planning cultures
542:population growth
530:natural resources
510:Technical aspects
466:Planning cultures
206:land-use planning
165:civil engineering
126:human settlements
86:regional planning
16:(Redirected from
5307:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5032:Satellite campus
4976:Residential area
4931:Luxury apartment
4891:Closed community
4838:Business cluster
4735:
4728:
4721:
4712:
4711:
4696:
4686:
4685:
4672:
4671:
4660:
4659:
4563:Regional science
4408:Cultural studies
4383:Business studies
4040:
4033:
4026:
4017:
4016:
4002:
4001:
3884:Land (economics)
3797:Land reclamation
3775:Land consumption
3705:
3698:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3666:
3665:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3584:Land development
3435:
3434:
3270:Donald Appleyard
3231:
3230:
2981:Mining community
2934:Radical planning
2881:Transition towns
2816:
2815:
2632:Spatial planning
2606:
2605:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2456:. Archived from
2440:
2428:
2411:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2381:. Archived from
2365:
2349:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2313:"Urban Planning"
2304:
2302:
2300:
2295:on 30 March 2014
2291:. Archived from
2281:"Urban Planning"
2275:
2230:
2187:
2126:"Urban planning"
2122:Pennington, Mark
2108:
2107:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2032:
2026:
2025:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1935:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1735:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1669:Applied Sciences
1660:
1654:
1653:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1357:
1351:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1325:American Scholar
1320:
1314:
1313:
1309:978-90-9025157-8
1293:
1287:
1277:
1271:
1260:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1214:. Archived from
1201:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1058:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1012:
1001:
1000:
985:
891:Universal design
745:Bicycle-friendly
723:
718:
717:
603:machine learning
390:central planning
76:, also known as
43:Development plan
21:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5275:
5273:
5267:
5188:Greenfield land
5158:Brownfield land
5146:
5096:
5041:
5010:
4916:Gated community
4857:
4848:Industrial park
4824:
4810:Shopping center
4778:Office building
4768:Commercial area
4744:
4739:
4709:
4704:
4680:
4648:
4615:
4599:
4573:Science studies
4357:Administration
4346:
4072:
4049:
4047:Social sciences
4044:
4014:
4009:
3990:
3915:Soil compaction
3893:
3850:
3746:Land management
3714:
3709:
3679:
3674:
3629:
3627:
3618:
3614:Social sciences
3574:Urban economics
3546:
3536:
3505:
3479:
3426:
3389:
3353:
3320:Peter Calthorpe
3275:Ebenezer Howard
3236:
3218:
3205:Verticalization
3035:
2943:
2929:Market urbanism
2924:Livable streets
2890:
2811:
2801:
2783:
2740:
2707:
2689:
2657:
2601:
2595:
2534:
2506:
2501:
2463:
2461:
2460:on 2 April 2015
2452:. Oregon, USA:
2450:Research Guides
2437:Research Guides
2431:
2421:Research Guides
2415:MIT Libraries.
2400:"City Planning"
2388:
2386:
2362:Research Guides
2342:Research Guides
2326:
2324:
2323:on 2 April 2015
2317:Research Guides
2298:
2296:
2285:Research Guides
2268:Research Guides
2258:
2237:
2198:Paul Waterhouse
2160:
2117:
2115:Further reading
2112:
2111:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2041:The City Reader
2033:
2029:
1994:Planning Theory
1986:
1979:
1936:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1912:"About ISOCARP"
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1802:
1798:
1753:
1749:
1704:
1700:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1578:
1574:
1531:
1527:
1515:
1513:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1358:
1354:
1340:
1336:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1294:
1290:
1278:
1274:
1261:
1257:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1202:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1174:Planning Theory
1171:
1167:
1152:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1019:. Los Angeles:
1013:
1004:
987:
986:
975:
970:
965:
906:Urban economics
846:Noise pollution
760:Curb cut effect
719:
712:
709:
694:Sherry Arnstein
665:
617:
611:
518:
512:
501:
481:Ebenezer Howard
468:
462:
456:
423:
417:
275:
265:
181:design sciences
173:human geography
158:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5313:
5303:
5302:
5300:Urban planning
5285:
5284:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5253:Urban planning
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5193:Greyfield land
5190:
5185:
5183:Eminent domain
5180:
5178:Context theory
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5082:
5077:
5075:Planned cities
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4966:Public housing
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4921:Housing estate
4918:
4913:
4908:
4906:Executive home
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4881:Bungalow court
4878:
4876:Boarding house
4873:
4867:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4834:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
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4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
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4780:
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4770:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
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4745:
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4730:
4723:
4715:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4690:
4678:
4666:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4516:social science
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4448:Global studies
4445:
4443:Gender studies
4440:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4426:social science
4422:Environmental
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4121:macroeconomics
4118:
4116:microeconomics
4108:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4020:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3952:Infrastructure
3947:Urban planning
3944:
3939:
3934:
3932:Overpopulation
3929:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3901:
3899:
3898:Related fields
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3889:Customary land
3886:
3881:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3822:Leopold matrix
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3638:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3475:United Kingdom
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3455:Czech Republic
3452:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3385:Randal O'Toole
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3325:Patrick Geddes
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3305:Kevin A. Lynch
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3285:Guy Benveniste
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3265:Daniel Burnham
3262:
3260:Colin Buchanan
3257:
3255:Clarence Stein
3252:
3250:Clarence Perry
3247:
3241:
3239:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3202:
3197:
3195:Urban vitality
3192:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:Healthy cities
3099:
3094:
3092:Brusselization
3088:Gentrification
3085:
3080:
3077:Eminent domain
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2949:Cities by type
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2909:Context theory
2906:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2826:Athens Charter
2822:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2504:Urban planning
2500:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2441:
2429:
2412:
2395:
2366:
2350:
2333:
2305:
2276:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2241:Urban planning
2236:
2235:External links
2233:
2232:
2231:
2210:, Manchester:
2194:
2188:
2158:
2142:Cato Institute
2130:Hamowy, Ronald
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2098:(2): 281–312.
2078:
2057:
2027:
2000:(3): 300–318.
1977:
1925:
1903:
1877:
1852:
1845:
1827:
1796:
1747:
1698:
1655:
1648:
1626:
1619:
1597:
1590:
1572:
1545:(3): 283–299.
1525:
1516:|journal=
1489:
1436:
1411:
1385:
1378:
1352:
1343:Urban planning
1334:
1315:
1308:
1288:
1272:
1255:
1234:
1221:
1196:
1178:
1165:
1150:
1127:
1101:
1095:978-0415862875
1094:
1076:
1069:
1063:. p. 50.
1040:
1033:
1002:
972:
971:
969:
966:
964:
963:
958:
953:
948:
946:Urban vitality
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
796:Land recycling
793:
788:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
726:
725:
724:
708:
705:
701:housing crisis
667:The school of
664:
661:
652:professional.
622:sustainability
610:
609:Urban planners
607:
576:building codes
564:Building codes
538:infrastructure
534:transportation
511:
508:
500:
497:
489:Ernest Burgess
455:
452:
448:climate change
427:induced demand
416:
413:
386:industrial age
382:New Liberalism
333:ancient Romans
264:
261:
237:Daniel Burnham
156:
130:public welfare
114:communications
110:transportation
102:infrastructure
90:rural planning
74:Urban planning
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5312:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5282:
5270:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:Redevelopment
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Groundscraper
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5151:Miscellaneous
5149:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5070:Model village
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5027:Research park
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5006:Tract housing
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Rooming house
4989:
4987:
4986:Revenue house
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4814:Shopping mall
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:Business park
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4731:
4729:
4724:
4722:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:Human science
4637:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4595:Vegan studies
4593:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Public health
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:Philosophies
4491:
4489:
4488:Media studies
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:Human ecology
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:Anthrozoology
4371:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4298:developmental
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4271:public policy
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4222:legal systems
4220:
4218:
4217:legal history
4215:
4213:
4212:jurisprudence
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4041:
4036:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4006:
4003:Categories:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3957:Urban renewal
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3942:Deforestation
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3839:Built-up area
3837:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3770:Land grabbing
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Public policy
3602:
3600:
3599:Public health
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:Urban ecology
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3533:
3532:Ancient Egypt
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3380:Lewis Mumford
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:Raymond Unwin
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3237:practitioners
3232:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Tract housing
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:Temporary use
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Planning gain
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Creative city
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:Urban village
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Model village
3003:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:Commuter town
2964:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2939:Urban renewal
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Structuralism
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2798:
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961:Walking audit
959:
957:
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936:Urban studies
934:
932:
929:
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924:
922:
921:Urban history
919:
917:
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909:
907:
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902:
901:Urban density
899:
897:
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892:
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730:Air pollution
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615:Urban planner
606:
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485:Garden Cities
482:
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432:
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393:
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387:
383:
379:
378:Victorian era
375:
374:laissez-faire
371:
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343:
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122:accessibility
119:
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82:city planning
79:
78:town planning
75:
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5252:
5248:Urban design
5173:Construction
5060:Civic center
5037:Science park
4896:Company town
4795:Power center
4697:
4673:
4661:
4631:
4535:
4438:Food studies
4378:Area studies
4131:mathematical
4126:econometrics
4084:Anthropology
3969:Permaculture
3946:
3910:Soil science
3668:
3645:
3626:
3554:Architecture
3527:Nazi Germany
3335:Thomas Adams
3315:Loretta Lees
3310:Le Corbusier
3280:Edmund Bacon
3245:Andrés Duany
3200:Urbanization
3186:Urban sprawl
3151:Rural flight
3131:Permeability
3126:Model cities
2998:Logging camp
2957:Company town
2871:Smart growth
2861:New Urbanism
2643:Urban design
2503:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:the original
2449:
2436:
2420:
2403:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:the original
2375:Topic Guides
2374:
2361:
2346:Georgia Tech
2341:
2325:. Retrieved
2321:the original
2316:
2297:. Retrieved
2293:the original
2284:
2267:
2205:
2133:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2070:, retrieved
2040:
2030:
1997:
1993:
1947:
1943:
1916:. Retrieved
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:
1855:
1836:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1810:Fast Company
1809:
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1750:
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1629:
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1600:
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1507:cite journal
1492:
1470:(1): 76–85.
1467:
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1458:
1450:. Retrieved
1448:. Planetizen
1439:
1429:25 September
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
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1404:25 September
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
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1237:
1232:. Routledge.
1229:
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1216:the original
1209:
1199:
1191:the original
1181:
1173:
1168:
1140:
1120:25 September
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1104:
1085:
1079:
1054:
1016:
941:Urban theory
896:Urban design
851:Permeability
841:New Urbanism
780:Epidemiology
698:
690:
682:
666:
654:
650:green collar
646:
618:
588:
562:
554:
550:water supply
526:urban design
519:
502:
493:Sector Model
477:
445:
424:
410:
394:
370:working poor
367:
359:Napoleon III
337:Roman Empire
330:
310:Indus Valley
306:Mesopotamian
303:
257:Le Corbusier
253:Robert Moses
239:in Chicago,
226:
193:urban design
169:architecture
162:
146:
138:bottom lines
120:, and their
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:
51:
36:urban sprawl
32:urbanization
5208:Nonbuilding
5137:Tower block
5001:Subdivision
4863:Residential
4800:Retail park
4699:Wikiversity
4590:Social work
4478:Linguistics
4403:Criminology
4320:criminology
4303:personality
4261:comparative
4239:Linguistics
4232:private law
4089:archaeology
3964:Agriculture
3925:Alkali soil
3758:Landscaping
3726:Degradation
3547:disciplines
3370:Jane Jacobs
3295:James Rouse
3176:Urban decay
3161:Third place
3136:Placemaking
2986:Pit village
2976:Global city
2262:Libraries.
1950:(1): 5–20.
1023:. pp.
956:Walkability
599:crowdsorced
342:Renaissance
241:LĂşcio Costa
153:rural areas
142:Jane Jacobs
106:urban areas
59:Partizánske
5233:Playground
5132:Skyscraper
4886:City block
4830:Industrial
4805:Riverfront
4750:Commercial
4644:Humanities
4578:historical
4511:psychology
4483:Management
4325:demography
4283:Psychology
4266:philosophy
4227:public law
4158:integrated
3290:Ian McHarg
3235:Theorists/
3012:(New town)
2971:Ghost town
2810:Concepts/
2546:Urban area
2168:2008009151
1820:14 January
1718:: 694817.
1692:1822/89302
1675:(1): 362.
968:References
876:Smart city
786:mitigation
750:Blue space
634:congestion
464:See also:
436:Blue Zones
419:See also:
134:sanitation
108:, such as
18:Urban plan
5115:Apartment
5102:Buildings
5047:Municipal
4936:McMansion
4522:Planning
4501:economics
4418:Education
4315:Sociology
4293:cognitive
4244:semiotics
4195:political
4153:technical
4138:Geography
4111:Economics
3937:Pollution
3780:Land loss
3579:Geography
3491:Barcelona
3470:Singapore
3445:Australia
3438:Countries
3052:Cityscape
2819:Movements
2444:Library.
2404:LibGuides
2336:Library.
2279:Library.
2228:Q18606907
2220:225676578
2184:243497795
2176:750831024
2067:159193173
2022:150714892
2014:1473-0952
1964:0041-0020
1791:2515-7620
1742:2624-9375
1559:0004-9182
1484:144888493
1160:992793499
677:pluralist
630:transport
626:pollution
580:easements
405:modernism
273:Grid Plan
5294:Category
5163:Cemetery
5055:Arcology
4871:Agrihood
4663:Category
4531:regional
4526:land use
4361:business
4330:internet
4288:abnormal
4190:military
4180:economic
4170:cultural
4143:physical
4104:physical
4094:cultural
4005:Land use
3862:Property
3855:Property
3741:Conflict
3736:Planning
3712:Land use
3647:Category
3496:Shanghai
3398:Training
3040:Concepts
3031:Boomtown
3021:Arcology
2993:Man camp
2961:Monotown
2914:Ekistics
2896:Theories
2812:theories
2653:Urbanism
2602:branches
2571:Planning
2566:Land use
2520:Theories
2464:21 March
2389:21 March
2327:21 March
2299:21 March
2224:Wikidata
2204:(1912),
2124:(2008).
1972:40112168
1814:Archived
1567:18008094
1452:24 April
1331:(1): 99.
997:Archived
707:See also
593:and the
522:land use
454:Theories
318:Egyptian
245:BrasĂlia
177:politics
149:suburban
98:land use
63:Slovakia
5223:Parking
4758:Airport
4675:Commons
4506:history
4496:science
4431:studies
4165:History
4077:Primary
4063:History
4058:Outline
3719:General
3669:Commons
3545:Related
3358:Critics
3111:LEED-ND
2609:General
2539:General
2530:Outline
2515:History
2344:. USA:
2270:. USA:
2132:(ed.).
1918:20 July
1896:20 July
1870:20 July
1769:Bibcode
1720:Bibcode
1370:Longman
1345:at the
1211:YouTube
784:Hazard
686:agonism
263:History
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5022:Campus
4788:inland
4366:public
4308:social
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3501:Sydney
3484:Cities
3465:Serbia
3460:Russia
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1970:
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886:Stroad
642:zoning
574:, and
568:zoning
546:zoning
536:, and
316:, and
314:Minoan
220:, and
210:zoning
116:, and
94:design
5258:YIMBY
5213:NIMBY
5142:Villa
5125:types
5120:House
5106:types
5090:parks
4536:urban
4340:urban
4335:rural
4185:human
4148:human
4068:Index
3510:Other
3450:China
2886:YIMBY
2856:NIMBY
2662:Rural
2634:(Eur)
2600:Major
2525:Index
2180:S2CID
2128:. In
2063:S2CID
2018:S2CID
1968:JSTOR
1563:S2CID
1480:S2CID
951:YIMBY
836:NIMBY
638:crime
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5218:Park
4783:Port
4604:List
3905:Soil
3079:(US)
2686:(UK)
2623:(US)
2551:City
2466:2015
2391:2015
2329:2015
2301:2015
2216:OCLC
2172:OCLC
2164:LCCN
2154:ISBN
2138:SAGE
2074:2022
2053:ISBN
2010:ISSN
1960:ISSN
1920:2017
1898:2017
1872:2017
1841:ISBN
1822:2009
1787:ISSN
1738:ISSN
1644:ISBN
1615:ISBN
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1555:ISSN
1520:help
1454:2015
1431:2020
1406:2020
1374:ISBN
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1156:OCLC
1146:ISBN
1122:2020
1090:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1061:Sage
1029:ISBN
1021:Sage
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331:The
283:Pori
271:and
255:and
247:and
151:and
4207:Law
2243:at
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2100:doi
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2002:doi
1952:doi
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