112:—L. J. Hanifan, state supervisor of rural schools in West Virginia. Writing in 1916 to urge the importance of community involvement for successful schools, Hanifan invoked the idea of 'social capital' to explain why." "Hanifan's account of social capital," Putnam continues, "anticipated virtually all of the crucial elements in later interpretations, but his conceptual invention apparently attracted no notice from other
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Hanifan married Mary Pearl Agee (1891–1948) on March 26, 1913, and they had one child, Mary Elkin
Hanifan. His father was John Hanifan, married three times, his mother being Sara Taylor. Lyda had five full siblings, Lorenzo Dow, French W. and Stark W. (twins), Floyd R., and Luetta Hanifan. Also, ten
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The tangible substances count for most in the daily lives of people: namely good will, fellowship, sympathy, and social intercourse among the individuals and families who make up a social unit. . .. The individual is helpless socially, if left to himself. If he comes into contact with his
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of Free
Schools H. P. Shawkey appointed Hanifan as secretary to the New School Code Commission. The commission developed key provisions of the public education system in West Virginia. The Commission report presented to the
125:, and they with other neighbors, there will be an accumulation of social capital, which may immediately satisfy his social needs and which may bear a social potentiality sufficient to the substantial improvement of
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Hanifan, L. J., Ed. (1913). District
Supervision: West Virginia and Oregon as Examples. National Society for the Study of Education, Twelfth Yearbook. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
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in the whole community. The community as a whole will benefit by the cooperation of all its parts, while the individual will find in his associations the advantages of the help, the
45:(2000) credits a 1916 paper by Hanifan as the first recorded instance of the term. Hanifan also authored a book published in 1920 that contains a chapter entitled "Social Capital".
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Hanifan, L. J. (1913). A Handbook
Containing Suggestions and Programs for Community Social Gatherings at Rural School Houses Charleston, WV, State Department of Education.
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According to Robert Putnam, "the first known use of the concept (of social capital) was not by some cloistered theoretician, but by a practical reformer of the
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Hanifan, L. J. (1920). The
Difficulties of Consolidation. The Consolidated Rural School. L. W. Rapeer. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons: 475–496.
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Hanifan, L. J. (1914). Facts and
Fallacies About Consolidation of Schools in West Virginia. Charleston, WV, Department of Free Schools: 16.
105:, and for nearly 10 years was state supervisor of rural schools. Hanifan authored two books and a number of pamphlets on rural education.
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Hanifan, L. J. (1913). A Supplement to the State Manual of the
Elementary Course of Study. Charleston, WV, Department of Free Schools.
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Hanifan, L. J. (1916). Evening
Classes for West Virginia Elementary Schools. Charleston, WV, Department of Free Schools.
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Hanifan, L. J. (1914). "Social
Centers and Rural Schools." Atlantic Educational Journal 10: 62–65.
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in
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and disappeared without a trace" for the next 84 years. Hanifan defined social capital as:
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The following are all of the currently known publications of L. J. Hanifan:
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in 1909. He returned to West Virginia where he served school systems in
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Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community
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half siblings. After serving as Superintendent of Schools in
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Hanifan was born February 12, 1879, in the timbering camp of
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
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Hanifan, L. J. (1912). "The Rural School and Rural Life".
27:(February 12, 1879 – December 11, 1932), better known as
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
