325:
organization. The paper entry was named in the "Honors Group" publicized to universities on
January 25, 1978. The paper was subsequently invited and presented at the Iowa Academy of Science at the University of Northern Iowa. The operational prototype was displayed at the Eastern Iowa SEF on March 18 and obtained a top "Physical Sciences" award and IEEE recognition. The project was again displayed at the 29th International SEF at Anaheim Ca. Convention Center on May 8–10. The ¼-inch thin miniature flat panel modular prototype, scientific paper, and full screen (tiled LED matrix) schematic with video interface was displayed at this event. It received awards by
65:
148:
359:
57:
842:
338:
Displacement of the electromagnetic scan systems included the removal of inductive deflection, electron beam and color convergence circuits and has been a significant achievement. The unique properties of the light-emitting diode as an emissive device simplify matrix scanning complexity and have helped the modern television adapt to digital communications and shrink into its current thin form factor.
802:
Mitchell continued to display the fully operational prototype including May 6 at the
University of Northern Iowa Industrial Arts event capturing another first award. Additional recognition included letters from Iowa senators John Culver and Dick Clark, the Air Force, the Army, college and university
324:
A claim for the 'first all-LED flat panel television screen' is presented in this section. It was possibly developed, demonstrated and documented by James P. Mitchell in 1977. Initial public recognition came from the
Westinghouse Educational Foundation Science Talent Search group, a Science Service
223:
In the late 1980s, Aluminium Indium
Gallium Phosphide LEDs arrived. They provided an efficient source of red and amber and were used in information displays. However, it was still impossible to achieve full colour. The available "green" was hardly green at all – mostly yellow, and an early blue had
239:
Tour of 1997. He realized that with long viewing distances, wide pixel spacing could be used to achieve very large images, especially if viewed at night. The system had to be suitable for touring so an open mesh arrangement that could be rolled up for transport was used. The whole display was 52m
135:
or other decorative (as opposed to informational) purposes. LED displays can offer higher contrast ratios than a projector and are thus an alternative to traditional projection screens, and they can be used for large, uninterrupted (without a visible grid arising from the bezels of individual
337:
technology) with a digital x-y scanned LED matrix driven with an NTSC television RF video format. Mitchell's paper and operational prototype projected the future replacement of CRTs and included foreseen applications to battery operated devices due to the advantages of low power consumption.
240:(170ft) wide and 17m (56ft) high. It had a total of 150,000 pixels. The company that supplied the LED pixels and their driving system, SACO Technologies of Montreal, had never engineered a video system before, previously building mimic panels for power station control rooms.
694:
Mitchell's abstract title "Light
Emitting Diode Television Screen" was published in the Honors Group of the 37th Annual Science Talent Search for the Westinghouse Science Scholarship and Awards in 1978, this qualified Mitchell for the UNI paper presentation that
792:
Mitchell's modular LED x-y (horizontally and vertically digitally scanned array system) was cited in the 29th
International Science and Engineering Exposition "book of abstracts", p. 97, published by the "Science Service", Washington D.C. May
676:
The honors group STS projects were released for publication
January 25, 1978 to "all leading universities and colleges of the United States utilizing a list furnished for the American Council on Education".
228:, then at Nichia Chemical, announced the development of the blue (and later green) LED based on Indium Gallium Nitride, that possibilities opened for big LED video displays.
752:
Project was viewed by ISEF judges, Los
Angeles area college professors, the 1977 president of the national chapter of the IEEE, and also included a public viewing.
197:(R&D) on practical LEDs between 1962 and 1968. In February 1969, they introduced the HP Model 5082-7000 Numeric Indicator. It was the first LED device to use
779:
3rd Grand GM ISEF award, GM was also the corporate sponsor of the 1978 Science
Service event. 1978 29th Annual ISEF "Announcement of Awards", p. 5, (note:
1138:
652:
1431:
259:, a TV with a true LED-display, in which LEDs are used to produce actual images rather than acting as backlighting for other types of display, as in
483:
433:
874:
507:
1085:
355:
These displays are easily scalable, and offer a more streamlined production process. However, production costs remains a limiting factor.
591:
412:
174:(LEDs) came into existence in 1962 and were primarily red in color for the first decade. The first practical LED was invented by
333:. This project marked some of the earliest progress towards the replacement of the 70+-year-old high-voltage analog CRT system (
770:
29th ISEF "Announcement of Awards", p. 4, May 13, 1978, published by the
Science Service, 1719 N Street Washington D.C. 20036.
1058:
459:
1357:
1132:
540:
1073:
1206:
1405:
1120:
1079:
548:
189:(HP) and introduced in 1968. Its development was led by Howard C. Borden and Gerald P. Pighini at HP Associates and
1442:
1125:
867:
623:
272:
243:
Today, large displays use high-brightness diodes to generate a wide spectrum of colors. It took three decades and
1466:
1144:
1114:
941:
352:
displays are currently under development by numerous major corporations such as Sony, Apple, Samsung, and LG.
1415:
1410:
1400:
1288:
846:
244:
656:
1471:
1017:
1461:
860:
814:
1200:
930:
924:
639:
330:
231:
The entire idea of what could be done with LED was given an early shake up by Mark Fisher's design for
31:
1336:
1047:
761:
The prototype and scientific paper "Light Emitting Diode Television Screen" was part of exhibit #635.
69:
508:"Inventor of Long-Lasting, Low-Heat Light Source Awarded $ 500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize for Invention"
1238:
1041:
434:"LG and Odeon Multicines Open World's First 100% LED Cinema with Dolby Atmos in Madrid - Boxoffice"
308:
194:
46:
729:
1244:
576:
112:
50:
1341:
1091:
1006:
511:
19:
This article is about light-emitting diode (LED) based displays. For LED-backlit displays, see
144:
displays are LED displays with smaller LEDs, which poses significant development challenges.
1228:
1222:
1185:
891:
599:
534:
171:
152:
124:
38:
1233:
1107:
93:
42:
8:
1379:
1283:
1190:
1034:
961:
104:. Their brightness allows them to be used outdoors where they are visible in the sun for
510:. Washington, D.C. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. April 21, 2004. Archived from
404:
1421:
1295:
1217:
1212:
1175:
198:
89:
73:
24:
1374:
1170:
1102:
780:
544:
276:
163:
Their use in cinemas to replace projectors and projection screens has been explored.
1426:
1165:
967:
913:
334:
179:
120:
116:
1331:
1321:
1268:
1029:
627:
260:
206:
186:
20:
568:
935:
883:
280:
225:
205:) technology, and the first intelligent LED display, making it a revolution in
132:
64:
220:
completing the color triad did not commercially arrive until the late 1980s.
1455:
405:"An Introductory Guide to LED Display Technology and its Uses & Benefits"
284:
175:
101:
621:
EKTA’s Ukrainian produced 3D Led TV makes The Guinness Book of World Records
147:
296:
236:
1300:
1263:
304:
300:
256:
202:
60:
Detail view of an LED display with a matrix of red, green and blue diodes
620:
358:
1278:
1273:
1255:
1195:
363:
288:
248:
210:
137:
685:
This event was held April 21–22 in Cedar Falls, Iowa at the UNI campus
56:
1395:
1369:
1326:
1316:
1022:
919:
852:
105:
1097:
1068:
908:
349:
252:
217:
141:
128:
1362:
1012:
977:
190:
156:
108:
996:
841:
381:
77:
972:
460:"LED Screens for Theaters: Is the Buzzy Tech Worth the Cost?"
97:
484:"'Word-first' acoustic transparent LED cinema screen debuts"
990:
653:"Science Service 1719 N Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036"
376:
326:
292:
127:
on highways. LED displays are capable of providing general
115:. In recent years, they have also become commonly used in
216:
Early models were monochromatic by design. The efficient
803:
letters acknowledging the Westinghouse STS paper entry.
705:
567:
Borden, Howard C.; Pighini, Gerald P. (February 1969).
232:
224:
excessively high power consumption. It was only when
68:
The 1,500-foot (460 m) long LED display on the
1139:
Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology
251:OLED screen which was marketed in 2009. Later, at
1432:Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays
185:The first practical LED display was developed at
1453:
131:in addition to visual display, as when used for
213:and becoming the basis for later LED displays.
266:
868:
815:"MicroLEDs: The Next Revolution In Displays?"
566:
366:event in April 2008 in the Jaarbeurs Utrecht
341:The 1977 model was monochromatic by design.
1086:Surface-conduction electron-emitter display
500:
997:Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode
875:
861:
730:"EISEF - Web - Senior Champions by Year"
562:
560:
457:
402:
357:
307:of 6.192×3.483 m, and was listed in the
263:which are commonly marketed as LED TVs.
146:
63:
55:
813:says, Sylvain Muckenhirn (2019-05-29).
151:A LED video cube above the ice rink at
1454:
882:
783:is the current sponsor of this event).
532:
344:
247:for Sony to introduce an OLED TV, the
80:is currently the largest in the world.
856:
557:
541:Springer Science & Business Media
526:
303:of 7.11 m (23 ft 3.92 in) and a
1133:Ferroelectric liquid crystal display
812:
398:
396:
1207:Light-emitting electrochemical cell
319:
13:
1406:Large-screen television technology
596:The Vintage Technology Association
23:. For matrixed text displays, see
14:
1483:
1080:Organic light-emitting transistor
834:
393:
362:The 40m large LED display at the
1443:Comparison of display technology
840:
458:Giardina, Carolyn (2023-04-15).
273:2011 UEFA Champions League Final
1074:Electroluminescent Quantum Dots
806:
796:
786:
773:
764:
755:
746:
722:
698:
688:
679:
670:
645:
633:
536:Advances in Solid State Physics
415:from the original on 2022-02-19
403:Reynolds, Daniel (2021-10-28).
1145:Laser-powered phosphor display
614:
584:
476:
451:
426:
314:
1:
1411:Optimum HDTV viewing distance
1401:History of display technology
1289:Computer-generated holography
387:
245:organic light-emitting diodes
991:Organic light-emitting diode
985:Light-emitting diode display
7:
592:"Hewlett-Packard 5082-7000"
370:
267:Large video-capable screens
10:
1488:
1201:Vacuum fluorescent display
925:Electroluminescent display
642:. guinnessworldrecords.com
331:General Motors Corporation
311:as the largest LED 3D TV.
209:technology, replacing the
166:
37:For segment displays, see
36:
32:Vacuum fluorescent display
29:
18:
1440:
1388:
1350:
1309:
1254:
1158:
1057:
1048:Liquid crystal on silicon
952:
899:
890:
819:Semiconductor Engineering
706:"EISEF - Web - Home Page"
533:Kramer, Bernhard (2003).
70:Fremont Street Experience
1239:Fourteen-segment display
1042:Digital Light Processing
309:Guinness Book of Records
195:research and development
178:in 1962 while he was at
47:Fourteen-segment display
30:Not to be confused with
1245:Sixteen-segment display
931:Rear-projection display
577:Hewlett-Packard Journal
51:Sixteen-segment display
1092:Field-emission display
1007:Liquid-crystal display
655:. 1978. Archived from
569:"Solid-State Displays"
464:The Hollywood Reporter
367:
283:was broadcast live in
160:
125:variable-message signs
92:that uses an array of
81:
61:
1467:Light-emitting diodes
1229:Eight-segment display
1223:Seven-segment display
361:
193:, who had engaged in
172:Light-emitting diodes
150:
123:vehicles, as well as
94:light-emitting diodes
67:
59:
39:Seven-segment display
1351:Display capabilities
1234:Nine-segment display
936:Plasma display panel
849:at Wikimedia Commons
438:www.boxofficepro.com
43:Nine-segment display
1472:American inventions
1380:See-through display
1284:Holographic display
962:Quantum dot display
602:on 17 November 2014
409:Dynamo LED Displays
345:Recent developments
1462:Display technology
1422:Color Light Output
1416:High Dynamic Range
1218:Dot-matrix display
1213:Lightguide display
884:Display technology
630:, www.ekta-led.com
626:2011-10-18 at the
514:on October 9, 2011
368:
299:of 100 Hz, a
199:integrated circuit
161:
90:flat panel display
82:
74:Downtown Las Vegas
62:
25:Dot-matrix display
16:Display technology
1449:
1448:
1375:Always-on display
1166:Electromechanical
1154:
1153:
845:Media related to
781:Intel Corporation
640:Largest LED 3D TV
295:screen. It had a
277:Manchester United
255:, Sony presented
117:destination signs
1479:
1427:Flexible display
1389:Related articles
1269:Autostereoscopic
968:Electronic paper
914:Cathode-ray tube
897:
896:
877:
870:
863:
854:
853:
844:
829:
828:
826:
825:
810:
804:
800:
794:
790:
784:
777:
771:
768:
762:
759:
753:
750:
744:
743:
741:
740:
726:
720:
719:
717:
716:
702:
696:
692:
686:
683:
677:
674:
668:
667:
665:
664:
649:
643:
637:
631:
618:
612:
611:
609:
607:
598:. Archived from
588:
582:
581:
573:
564:
555:
554:
530:
524:
523:
521:
519:
504:
498:
497:
495:
494:
480:
474:
473:
471:
470:
455:
449:
448:
446:
445:
430:
424:
423:
421:
420:
400:
335:cathode-ray tube
320:Early prototypes
291:(Sweden), on an
261:LED-backlit LCDs
180:General Electric
157:Tampere, Finland
121:public transport
1487:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1436:
1384:
1346:
1332:Slide projector
1322:Movie projector
1305:
1250:
1150:
1060:
1053:
954:
948:
901:
886:
881:
837:
832:
823:
821:
811:
807:
801:
797:
791:
787:
778:
774:
769:
765:
760:
756:
751:
747:
738:
736:
728:
727:
723:
714:
712:
704:
703:
699:
693:
689:
684:
680:
675:
671:
662:
660:
651:
650:
646:
638:
634:
628:Wayback Machine
619:
615:
605:
603:
590:
589:
585:
571:
565:
558:
551:
531:
527:
517:
515:
506:
505:
501:
492:
490:
482:
481:
477:
468:
466:
456:
452:
443:
441:
432:
431:
427:
418:
416:
401:
394:
390:
373:
347:
322:
317:
269:
207:digital display
187:Hewlett-Packard
169:
54:
35:
28:
21:LED-backlit LCD
17:
12:
11:
5:
1485:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:Liquid crystal
1105:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
982:
981:
980:
975:
965:
958:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
945:
944:
933:
928:
922:
917:
911:
905:
903:
894:
892:Video displays
888:
887:
880:
879:
872:
865:
857:
851:
850:
836:
835:External links
833:
831:
830:
805:
795:
785:
772:
763:
754:
745:
721:
697:
687:
678:
669:
644:
632:
613:
583:
556:
549:
543:. p. 40.
525:
499:
475:
450:
425:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
379:
372:
369:
346:
343:
321:
318:
316:
313:
275:match between
268:
265:
226:Shuji Nakamura
168:
165:
133:stage lighting
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1484:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1076:(ELQD/QD-LED)
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1005:
998:
995:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
983:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:
957:
951:
943:
940:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
926:
923:
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
898:
895:
893:
889:
885:
878:
873:
871:
866:
864:
859:
858:
855:
848:
843:
839:
838:
820:
816:
809:
799:
789:
782:
776:
767:
758:
749:
735:
734:www.eisef.org
731:
725:
711:
710:www.eisef.org
707:
701:
691:
682:
673:
659:on 2016-04-28
658:
654:
648:
641:
636:
629:
625:
622:
617:
601:
597:
593:
587:
579:
578:
570:
563:
561:
552:
550:9783540401506
546:
542:
538:
537:
529:
513:
509:
503:
489:
485:
479:
465:
461:
454:
439:
435:
429:
414:
410:
406:
399:
397:
392:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
365:
360:
356:
353:
351:
342:
339:
336:
332:
328:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
238:
234:
229:
227:
221:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
176:Nick Holonyak
173:
164:
158:
154:
149:
145:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
102:video display
99:
95:
91:
87:
79:
75:
71:
66:
58:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
26:
22:
1337:Transparency
1310:Static media
1264:Stereoscopic
984:
847:LED displays
822:. Retrieved
818:
808:
798:
788:
775:
766:
757:
748:
737:. Retrieved
733:
724:
713:. Retrieved
709:
700:
690:
681:
672:
661:. Retrieved
657:the original
647:
635:
616:
604:. Retrieved
600:the original
595:
586:
575:
535:
528:
518:December 21,
516:. Retrieved
512:the original
502:
491:. Retrieved
487:
478:
467:. Retrieved
463:
453:
442:. Retrieved
440:. 2023-11-27
437:
428:
417:. Retrieved
408:
354:
348:
340:
323:
305:display area
297:refresh rate
270:
242:
230:
222:
215:
201:(integrated
184:
170:
162:
129:illumination
85:
83:
1301:Fog display
1274:Multiscopic
1191:Fiber-optic
1103:Quantum dot
488:AV Magazine
315:Development
257:Crystal LED
203:LED circuit
153:Nokia Arena
138:video walls
86:LED display
1456:Categories
1342:Laser beam
1296:Volumetric
1256:3D display
1196:Nixie tube
1176:Split-flap
1061:generation
1035:Blue Phase
955:generation
902:generation
824:2019-06-27
739:2024-08-01
715:2024-08-01
663:2016-05-03
493:2024-08-01
469:2024-08-01
444:2024-08-01
419:2022-02-19
388:References
364:Armin Only
289:Gothenburg
287:format in
249:Sony XEL-1
211:Nixie tube
136:displays)
113:billboards
96:(LEDs) as
1396:Scan line
1370:DisplayID
1327:Neon sign
1317:Monoscope
1159:Non-video
920:Jumbotron
606:15 August
281:Barcelona
1279:Hologram
1186:Eggcrate
1171:Flip-dot
1117:display
1098:Laser TV
1069:microLED
999:(AMOLED)
953:Current
909:Eidophor
695:followed
624:Archived
413:Archived
371:See also
350:MicroLED
301:diagonal
253:CES 2012
218:Blue LED
142:microLED
1363:CEA-861
993:(OLED)
978:Gyricon
580:: 2–12.
237:PopMart
191:HP Labs
167:History
1247:(SISD)
1141:(TDEL)
1135:(FLCD)
1082:(OLET)
1050:(LCoS)
1009:(LCD)
987:(LED)
964:(QLED)
938:(PDP)
547:
382:AMOLED
100:for a
98:pixels
78:Nevada
49:, and
1418:(HDR)
1241:(FSD)
1225:(SSD)
1209:(LEC)
1203:(VFD)
1147:(LPD)
1094:(FED)
1088:(SED)
1059:Next
1044:(DLP)
973:E Ink
927:(ELD)
916:(CRT)
793:1978.
572:(PDF)
109:signs
106:store
88:is a
1358:EDID
1180:Vane
1126:TMOS
1121:IMoD
1115:MEMS
942:ALiS
900:Past
608:2019
545:ISBN
520:2011
377:OLED
329:and
327:NASA
293:EKTA
279:and
271:The
111:and
1030:LED
1023:IPS
1013:TFT
235:'s
155:in
119:on
72:in
1458::
1018:TN
817:.
732:.
708:.
594:.
574:.
559:^
539:.
486:.
462:.
436:.
411:.
407:.
395:^
285:3D
233:U2
182:.
140:.
84:A
76:,
45:,
41:,
876:e
869:t
862:v
827:.
742:.
718:.
666:.
610:.
553:.
522:.
496:.
472:.
447:.
422:.
159:.
53:.
34:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
