641:) was enacted by the Metropolitan Assembly on 15 June 2022. It calls on businesses and other entities to treat same-sex partnerships as equal to married couples, allowing couples to access family-use housing, the right to visit their partners in hospital, and to respect children designated as members of the household. In addition, same-sex partners of metropolitan government employees were extended employee allowances and nursing care leave. At least one partner must be resident in Tokyo or a commuter for work. It came into force on 1 November, with applications being accepted from 10 October, making Tokyo the tenth and most-populous prefecture to do so. The Metropolitan Government also completed a mutual recognition agreement with those cities and wards in Tokyo which had already established their own registries since 2015, ensuring that partnerships registered by these cities since would be recognized and affirmed throughout all of Tokyo's cities and wards. On 30 March 2023, this mutual recognition was extended to the city of
28:
904:
457:
420:
396:
540:
529:
304:
505:
468:
383:
350:
326:
293:
551:
518:
409:
372:
361:
315:
479:
337:
492:
446:
433:
890:
2266:
2271:
876:
98:) people. Jurisdictions in Tokyo were among the first to establish partnership registries for same-sex couples, and Tokyo became the tenth prefecture-level government to establish a registry in November 2022. Previously in 2018, Tokyo became the first prefecture-level government to enact an LGBT-inclusive human rights law protecting against discrimination and hate speech.
168:)). While these licenses are not legally recognized as marriage certificates, they may be used in civil matters such as hospital visitation rights and housing. The Shibuya city office began accepting applications on 28 October 2015. In response to this action by the Shibuya city office, the "Special Committee to Protect Family Ties" (
733:), an extension of the partnership oath system which also recognises the children of same-sex couples, and allows partners to make medical decisions for their child, and to pick up their children at schools and kindergartens (whereas previously only the biological parent was allowed to pick up the child).
740:
Tokyo's prefectural partnership certificates were designed from the outset to allow the inclusion of the names of children within the partnerships, becoming the first prefecture-level registry to do so. The range of same-sex partners' rights and responsibilities for children in the family has yet to
759:
passed a law prohibiting all discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, including in employment. The law, which took effect in April 2019, also commits the
Metropolitan Government to raise awareness of LGBT people and "conduct measures needed to make sure human rights
273:
On June 21, 2023, the
Special Wards Personnel and Welfare Affairs Association, which coordinates the salary system of Tokyo's 23 wards, directed the ward governments to treat same-sex partners of ward employees as "spouses", in line with the Tokyo metropolitan government's policy for their own
775:
In 1990, the group OCCUR (Japan
Association for the Lesbian and Gay Movement) won a court case against a Tokyo government policy that barred gay and lesbian youth from using the "Metropolitan House for Youth". While the court ruling does not seem to have extended to other areas of
709:
As of June 2022, 604 same-sex partnerships had been registered within Tokyo's cities and wards. By 31 December 2022, 407 certificates had been issued by the metropolitan government. By 30 November 2023, the number of metropolitan-issued certificates had grown to 994 certificates.
692:
ruled that cohabiting same-sex couples should be entitled to the same legal benefits as those granted to cohabiting heterosexual couples. This ruling provided legitimacy to the plaintiff's same-sex relationship, allowing the plaintiff to sue her lesbian partner of seven years for
190:
who was invited to comment stated that the action by
Shibuya is legal because the certificate issued is not a marriage certificate and the current Japanese legal code does not prohibit the "partnership" of same-sex couples. In July 2015,
849:, Ishikawa won a seat in the House of Councillors as a member of the CDP, the first openly gay man to do so. After his election, he vowed to legalize same-sex marriage and enact anti-discrimination laws within the six years of his term.
685:), 2019, and was among several such lawsuits filed that day in other jurisdictions. The plaintiffs, Chizuka Oe and Yoko Ogawa, a couple for 25 years, argued that banning same-sex marriage violates articles 13 and 14 of the Constitution.
620:
expressed her support for the move, stating it would "respect the human rights of sexual minorities and promote the understanding of Tokyo citizens regarding diversity". The bill, establishing the "Tokyo
Partnership Oath System"
818:
faced international criticism for controversial comments he made, in which he said that gays and lesbians were "deficient somehow. It may be attributed to something genetic. I feel sorry for them being a minority."
2061:
2043:
2333:
800:
politician to be elected to public office in Japan, winning a seat on the
Setagaya Ward Assembly. She initially ran as an independent but expressed support for the now-defunct
948:
991:
1957:
1674:
2136:
2233:
2155:
1058:
962:
2193:
1974:
1044:
2065:
2117:
1190:
2464:
1098:
1596:
2174:
846:
1018:
2086:
3467:
2701:
2345:
2255:
927:
107:
2024:
1505:
2263:
1329:
612:
unanimously accepted a petition, launched by LGBT activists and signed by 18,000 people, to establish a partnership system in
1391:
1257:
718:
Same-sex couples are not allowed to legally adopt in Japan. Lesbian couples and single women are unable to access IVF and
2437:
1844:
1275:
2323:
2340:
183:
94:
is one of Japan's leading jurisdictions when it comes to civil rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (
35:
3477:
2968:
2928:
2318:
3345:
1801:
3462:
3457:
2857:
2444:
2221:
853:
826:
became one of the first two openly-gay men elected to office in Japan, winning a seat in the local assembly of
737:
reformed their existing partnership system in
November 2022 to include the designation of partners' children.
2973:
2227:
1941:
1479:
2581:
2554:
1723:
1699:
1552:
1435:
2625:
2248:
1978:
1638:
756:
609:
187:
1891:
3472:
2993:
2543:
2298:
1457:
3300:
2706:
2350:
1530:
805:
668:. The metropolitan government has yet to extend mutual recognition to other prefectures' registries.
111:
27:
1747:
1311:
1196:
3426:
631:
70:
3389:
1293:
3406:
1620:
1369:
719:
697:, a move that was previously restricted to heterosexual partners. The decision was upheld by the
55:
1239:
834:(2002), and started a non-profit organization that sponsors social events for gay men in Japan.
729:
became the first ward in Tokyo to establish a "partnership family system" (パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度,
3265:
3003:
2520:
2380:
2241:
1168:
698:
597:
565:
2948:
2618:
2613:
917:
250:, agreed to mutually recognize each other's partnership certificates. Other wards, including
1765:
3372:
3210:
3200:
3144:
2895:
2797:
2313:
1218:
949:"Japan government hard at work trying to prevent Shibuya Ward approving same-sex marriages"
922:
750:
195:
announced it would be joining
Shibuya in issuing partnership certificates from 5 November.
2735:
1574:
75:
Registered partnerships metropolis-wide since 2022, in several wards and cities since 2015
8:
2921:
1866:
1148:
1022:
665:
3365:
2094:
2958:
2953:
2716:
2137:"Japan's first openly gay male member of parliament vows to legalise same-sex marriage"
801:
776:
government-sponsored discrimination, it is cited by the courts as a civil rights case.
682:
2270:
1413:
3382:
2684:
2506:
815:
812:
622:
150:
130:
85:
Ambiguous; second-parent registration allowed through partnership registry since 2022
80:
3394:
1748:"Same-sex marriage lawsuits to be filed on Valentine's Day by 13 couples nationwide"
1084:
3411:
3399:
3285:
3270:
3250:
3240:
3033:
2988:
2983:
2963:
2670:
2563:
2534:
2490:
2472:
2265:
2156:"Japan's First Openly Gay Parliament Member Promises to Legalize Same-Sex Marriage"
1783:
1656:
789:
Several milestones in LGBT political history have taken place in Tokyo
Metropolis.
689:
573:
460:
424:
400:
259:
227:
223:
3350:
2451:
804:
party and later unsuccessfully ran for the
National Parliament as a member of the
3355:
3205:
3175:
3162:
2978:
2881:
2677:
2642:
2527:
2513:
861:
835:
45:
3185:
1819:
341:
215:
3436:
3360:
3318:
3255:
3235:
3230:
3170:
3038:
3028:
3018:
2914:
2816:
2663:
2357:
823:
654:
569:
564:
Measures to allow partnership certificates have been proposed in several other
509:
471:
387:
329:
267:
263:
219:
211:
129:
announced it would offer same-sex couples special "partnership certificates" ((
1347:
3451:
3337:
3313:
3308:
3260:
3225:
3195:
3133:
3113:
3073:
3068:
3013:
2789:
2711:
2458:
839:
726:
646:
554:
521:
412:
375:
318:
235:
231:
203:
3280:
3083:
1123:
992:"Tokyo's Shibuya and Setagaya wards issue first same-sex partnership papers"
3431:
3245:
3190:
2875:
2862:
2826:
909:
895:
881:
857:
793:
617:
456:
419:
395:
1059:"Tokyo's Setagaya Ward to begin legally recognizing same-sex partnerships"
1045:"Tokyo's Setagaya Ward to begin legally recognizing same-sex partnerships"
760:
values are rooted in all corners of the city". The law outlaws expressing
539:
528:
303:
50:
Change of legal sex allowed since 2004, following sex reassignment surgery
3377:
3290:
3215:
3053:
2286:
1062:
797:
761:
658:
504:
496:
467:
449:
437:
382:
349:
325:
292:
255:
251:
3152:
550:
517:
408:
371:
360:
314:
3275:
3048:
2499:
2175:"Japan elects gay lawmaker who is 'sure' marriage equality will happen"
694:
577:
478:
336:
772:(March 2018) had already passed explicit protections for LGBT people.
491:
445:
432:
3098:
3058:
2836:
2807:
2762:
2755:
2656:
2400:
2118:"Japan's First Out Gay Lawmaker Vows Same-Sex Marriage 'Will Happen'"
1124:"職員の同性パートナーを「配偶者」扱いに、東京で16の区が条例改正へ 法制化見通せない中で不利益解消目指す：東京新聞 TOKYO Web"
581:
3023:
2044:"LGBT politicians in Japan seek to promote awareness, secure rights"
1958:
Tokyo adopts ordinance banning discrimination against LGBT community
1085:"府中市はじめ都内１２区市で「同性パートナーシップ制度」を導入している自治体の交流組織を結成website=go2senkyo.com"
364:
207:
186:
was formed in March 2015 to discuss the matter. An officer from the
3323:
3108:
3103:
3088:
3043:
2906:
2887:
2780:
2771:
2649:
2420:
2393:
2282:
2194:"Japan's Opposition Unveils 'Yurinomics' Platform to Challenge Abe"
769:
734:
650:
589:
543:
532:
307:
239:
192:
3180:
3118:
2386:
1921:
642:
593:
483:
3123:
3093:
2748:
2414:
2274:
864:
pledged the elimination of LGBT discrimination in its manifesto.
827:
765:
353:
296:
247:
243:
122:
744:
3078:
3063:
2407:
585:
1802:"Japanese Court Puts Same-Sex Marriage on the Nation's Agenda"
3220:
2937:
2802:
2062:"Taiga Ishikawa is Japan's first openly gay elected official"
1784:"Top Court Upholds Legal Protection for Same-Sex Partnership"
1195:(in Japanese). The Sankei News. 22 March 2019. Archived from
613:
199:
126:
95:
91:
2868:
2741:
963:"The First Place In East Asia To Welcome Same-Sex Marriage"
838:, also openly gay, was elected in the same election to the
2000:
2278:
2228:
Tokyo Partnership Oath System User Guide (in English PDF)
603:
2087:"Gay politician wins Upper House seat with LGBT support"
1675:"Tokyo adopts 'partnership' status for same-sex couples"
681:
A lawsuit was filed by a Tokyo couple on 14 February (
636:
266:, have established registries since, with the city of
176:
162:
139:
608:
On 7 June 2021, the General Affairs Committee of the
154:), also known as "partnership certification system" (
871:
1657:"Tokyo Assembly Enacts Same-Sex Partnership System"
277:
116:
2192:Reynolds, Isabel; Nobuhiro, Emi (6 October 2017).
664:The registry also accepts opposite-sex couples in
101:
3449:
2191:
60:Sexual orientation and gender identity protected
2115:
713:
676:
671:
1977:. Nijiiro News. 3 January 2019. Archived from
1916:
1914:
1912:
1480:"町田市「パートナーシップ条例」制定へ 「性の多様性」尊重（みんなの経済新聞ネットワーク）"
1104:(in Japanese). Machida City. 28 September 2022
169:
155:
2922:
2249:
1845:"Making LGBT Families a Possibility in Japan"
1555:(in Japanese). Itabashi Ward. 1 November 2023
745:Discrimination protections and hate crime law
2064:. Tokyomango.com. 2011-05-09. Archived from
1909:
1533:(in Japanese). Suginami City. 24 March 2023
1394:(in Japanese). Musashino City. 1 April 2022
2929:
2915:
2256:
2242:
2041:
1416:(in Japanese). Arakawa City. 21 April 2022
946:
26:
2172:
2134:
2025:"Setagaya OKs transsexual's election bid"
1511:(in Japanese). Sumida City. 15 March 2023
1350:(in Japanese). Tama City. 19 January 2022
178:kazoku no kizuna wo mamoru tokumei iinkai
2153:
1577:(in Japanese). Mitaka City. 8 April 2024
1312:"足立区パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ制度を令和3年4月1日から開始します"
270:set to launch a registry in March 2023.
2702:Aomori International LGBT Film Festival
1967:
1942:Tokyo: New Law Bars LGBT Discrimination
1438:(in Japanese). Chōfu City. 5 March 2023
1372:(in Japanese). Kita Ward. 18 March 2022
1294:"足立区が同性パートナーシップ証明制度を来年度から導入することを発表しました"
1258:"小金井市パートナーシップ宣誓制度の実施について 令和2年10月2日報道発表"
1037:
986:
984:
928:Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan
830:Ward. He came out publicly in his book
764:in public. Prior to this, the wards of
108:Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan
3450:
1460:(in Japanese). Hino City. 7 March 2023
1286:
1232:
604:Prefectural-level partnership registry
2910:
2237:
2042:Kambayashi, Takehiko (26 July 2017).
1406:
151:[paːtonaːɕi̥ppɯseɰ̃seːseꜜːdo]
149:
2936:
1867:"リスト：同性パートナーシップ証明制度を導入している／導入予定の自治体"
981:
3427:List of mergers in Tokyo Metropolis
1794:
1553:"令和4年11月1日、東京都パートナーシップ宣誓制度が導入されました"
1016:
13:
847:2019 House of Councillors election
638:tōkyō to pātonāshippu sensei seido
198:in May 2021, 12 municipalities in
14:
3489:
2215:
1975:"2018 LGBT News in Japan Roundup"
1601:www.city.higashimurayama.tokyo.jp
2341:LGBT Understanding Promotion Act
2269:
2264:
2173:Wakefield, Lily (24 July 2019).
2154:Navlakha, Meera (24 July 2019).
2116:Daniel Reynolds (23 July 2019).
1639:"同性パートナーシップ制度、東京都で導入検討 小池都知事が表明"
1300:(in Japanese). 24 November 2020.
1282:(in Japanese). 16 November 2020.
1171:(in Japanese). November 29, 2018
902:
888:
874:
549:
538:
527:
516:
503:
490:
477:
466:
455:
444:
431:
418:
407:
394:
381:
370:
359:
348:
335:
324:
313:
302:
291:
278:List of wards and municipalities
117:Municipal partnership registries
2740:Nana-chome & Higashi-Ueno (
2230:, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
2224:, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
2185:
2166:
2147:
2135:Damshenas, Sam (25 July 2019).
2128:
2109:
2079:
2054:
2035:
2017:
1993:
1951:
1935:
1884:
1859:
1837:
1812:
1776:
1758:
1740:
1716:
1692:
1667:
1649:
1631:
1613:
1589:
1567:
1545:
1523:
1498:
1486:(in Japanese). 21 February 2023
1472:
1450:
1428:
1384:
1362:
1340:
1322:
1304:
1268:
1250:
1211:
1183:
1161:
1141:
1047:. Rocket News 24. 31 July 2015.
731:pātonāshippu famirīshippu seido
3468:Culture of Japan by prefecture
2858:LGBT themes in anime and manga
2346:Recognition of same-sex unions
2093:. 22 July 2019. Archived from
1264:(in Japanese). 2 October 2020.
1192:東京・豊島区がパートナー制度 条例制定、渋谷に続き全国２例目
1116:
1091:
1077:
1051:
1010:
955:
940:
102:Recognition of same-sex unions
1:
1621:"都議会 パートナーシップ制度創設の請願を全会一致で採択"
1157:(in Japanese). 15 March 2019.
933:
704:
566:administrative wards in Tokyo
2582:The Life of an Amorous Woman
1724:"都パートナーシップ宣誓制度 連携5区市を追加｜東京都"
1240:"みなとマリアージュ制度をスタートします（制度の概要）"
779:
714:Adoption and family planning
677:2020 Tokyo High Court ruling
672:Same-sex marriage litigation
71:Recognition of relationships
7:
2626:Genderless fashion in Japan
1700:"都パートナーシップ宣誓制度 16区市と連携｜東京都"
1645:(in Japanese). 2 June 2021.
1627:(in Japanese). 7 June 2021.
1334:www.city.kunitachi.tokyo.jp
1280:www.city.kokubunji.tokyo.jp
1087:(in Japanese). 20 May 2021.
867:
784:
757:Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
637:
610:Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
177:
163:
140:
10:
3494:
2544:The Lady who Loved Insects
2299:Sexual minorities in Japan
748:
105:
56:Discrimination protections
3422:
3336:
3299:
3161:
3143:
3132:
3002:
2944:
2850:
2725:
2707:Asian Queer Film Festival
2694:
2634:
2606:
2599:
2573:
2553:
2489:
2482:
2429:
2373:
2366:
2306:
2294:
2222:Page on Partnership Oaths
1892:"世田谷区パートナーシップ・ファミリーシップ宣誓"
1019:"渋谷区の「同性婚」条例案、自民内から異論相次ぐ"
1017:二階堂, 友紀 (26 March 2015).
806:Democratic Party of Japan
626:
596:, as well as the city of
170:
164:pātonāshippu shōmei seido
156:
141:pātonāshippu sensei seido
134:
112:Partnership oath in Japan
79:
69:
64:
54:
44:
34:
25:
18:
1922:"Japan - Out Leadership"
1414:"荒川区同性パートナーシップ制度を開始します！"
1316:www.city.adachi.tokyo.jp
1191:
1149:
796:became the first openly
741:be formally determined.
184:Liberal Democratic Party
182:) of the federal ruling
3407:Ogasawara Subprefecture
1790:. Tokyo. 18 March 2021.
1219:"文京区パートナーシップ宣誓の取扱いについて"
1169:"府中市、LGBTパートナー認定 来年4月に"
1021:. 朝日新聞社. Archived from
842:ward council in Tokyo.
720:artificial insemination
3478:LGBTQ culture in Tokyo
2521:Torikaebaya Monogatari
2381:Homosexuality in Japan
1770:Marriage for All Japan
1663:. Tokyo. 15 June 2022.
1575:"三鷹市 ｜三鷹市パートナーシップ宣誓制度"
1262:www.city.koganei.lg.jp
699:Supreme Court of Japan
3463:LGBTQ rights in Japan
3458:Human rights in Japan
3390:Hachijō Subprefecture
1728:www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp
1704:www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp
1506:"墨田区パートナーシップ宣誓制度について"
1099:"（仮称）パートナーシップ宣誓制度骨子案"
918:LGBT culture in Tokyo
854:2017 general election
852:During the country's
832:Where Is My Boyfriend
755:In October 2018, the
688:On 4 March 2020, the
20:LGBTQ rights in Tokyo
3373:Miyake Subprefecture
3346:Ōshima Subprefecture
2896:OCCUR (organization)
2029:The Japan Times News
1820:"東京都総務局人権部 じんけんのとびら"
1597:"一般質問一覧表(令和4年3月定例会)"
1244:city.minato.tokyo.jp
1150:同性パートナーシップ制度 江戸川区も導入
923:LGBT rights in Japan
751:LGBT rights in Japan
666:common-law marriages
2465:transgender shamans
2097:on 14 February 2020
1348:"多摩市パートナーシップ制度について"
188:Ministry of Justice
3301:Nishitama District
2717:Rainbow Reel Tokyo
1946:Human Rights Watch
1871:www.outjapan.co.jp
1824:東京都総務局人権部 じんけんのとびら
1754:. 4 February 2019.
860:'s newly launched
802:Rainbow and Greens
701:on 18 March 2021.
404:(15 November 2020)
121:On April 1, 2015,
3473:Politics of Tokyo
3445:
3444:
3332:
3331:
2904:
2903:
2846:
2845:
2736:Shinjuku Ni-chōme
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2507:The Tale of Genji
2091:The Asahi Shimbun
2048:DPA International
2001:"NPO法人アカー（OCCUR）"
1436:"調布市パートナーシップ宣誓制度"
1226:city.bunkyo.lg.jp
998:. 5 November 2015
951:. Rocket News 24.
856:, Tokyo Governor
816:Shintaro Ishihara
645:and the wards of
635:
546:(1 November 2023)
441:(1 February 2022)
391:(20 October 2020)
310:(5 November 2015)
299:(28 October 2015)
89:
88:
3485:
3141:
3140:
2938:Tokyo Metropolis
2931:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2604:
2603:
2564:Chigo Monogatari
2535:Ariake no Wakare
2487:
2486:
2473:Oyamakui no Kami
2371:
2370:
2351:Partnership oath
2273:
2268:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:on 26 April 2012
2058:
2052:
2051:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2031:. 21 April 2003.
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1981:on 27 April 2019
1971:
1965:
1964:, 5 October 2018
1955:
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1948:, 5 October 2018
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1809:
1808:. 30 March 2021.
1798:
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1752:Mainichi Shimbun
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1421:
1410:
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1403:
1401:
1399:
1392:"武蔵野市パートナーシップ制度"
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1370:"北区パートナーシップ宣誓制度"
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1330:"くにたちパートナーシップ制度"
1326:
1320:
1319:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1276:"国分寺市パートナーシップ制度"
1272:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1248:
1247:
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1215:
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959:
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952:
947:Master Blaster.
944:
912:
907:
906:
905:
898:
893:
892:
891:
884:
879:
878:
877:
762:hateful rhetoric
690:Tokyo High Court
640:
630:
628:
614:Tokyo Metropolis
553:
542:
531:
520:
507:
494:
481:
470:
459:
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385:
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352:
339:
328:
321:(20 August 2018)
317:
306:
295:
180:
173:
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166:
159:
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153:
148:
143:
136:
40:Legal since 1880
30:
16:
15:
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3448:
3447:
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3328:
3295:
3266:Musashimurayama
3206:Higashimurayama
3157:
3135:
3128:
3005:
2998:
2940:
2935:
2905:
2900:
2842:
2721:
2690:
2678:Otoko-machi Map
2630:
2587:
2569:
2549:
2528:Ima Torikaebaya
2514:The Pillow Book
2478:
2425:
2362:
2302:
2290:
2289:topics in Japan
2262:
2218:
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2200:
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2186:
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2036:
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2022:
2018:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1973:
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1968:
1962:The Japan Times
1956:
1952:
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1936:
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1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
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1463:
1461:
1458:"日野市パートナーシップ制度"
1456:
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1441:
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1434:
1433:
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1200:
1199:on 3 April 2019
1193:
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996:The Japan Times
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894:
889:
887:
880:
875:
873:
870:
836:Wataru Ishizaka
787:
782:
753:
747:
725:In April 2021,
716:
707:
683:Valentine's Day
679:
674:
627:東京都パートナーシップ宣誓制度
606:
598:Higashimurayama
562:
535:(24 April 2023)
487:(15 March 2023)
474:(25 April 2022)
280:
146:
119:
114:
106:Main articles:
104:
46:Gender identity
21:
12:
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5:
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3036:
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3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2994:Transportation
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
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2865:
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2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2820:
2817:Hiroshima City
2810:
2805:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2774:
2766:
2761:Toshima Ward (
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
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2689:
2688:
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2674:
2667:
2664:Gay Japan News
2660:
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2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
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2377:
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2363:
2361:
2360:
2358:Blue boy trial
2355:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2310:
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2297:Main article:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2217:
2216:External links
2214:
2211:
2210:
2184:
2165:
2146:
2127:
2108:
2078:
2053:
2034:
2016:
1992:
1966:
1950:
1934:
1908:
1883:
1858:
1847:. 7 March 2016
1836:
1811:
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1775:
1772:(in Japanese).
1757:
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1522:
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1471:
1449:
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1405:
1383:
1361:
1339:
1336:(in Japanese).
1321:
1318:(in Japanese).
1303:
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1246:(in Japanese).
1231:
1228:(in Japanese).
1210:
1182:
1160:
1140:
1128:東京新聞 TOKYO Web
1115:
1090:
1076:
1065:. 31 July 2015
1050:
1036:
1025:on 15 May 2019
1009:
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913:
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885:
869:
866:
824:Taiga Ishikawa
813:Tokyo Governor
786:
783:
781:
778:
749:Main article:
746:
743:
715:
712:
706:
703:
678:
675:
673:
670:
605:
602:
561:
560:
559:(1 April 2024)
547:
536:
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524:(1 April 2023)
514:
513:(1 April 2023)
501:
500:(1 April 2023)
488:
475:
464:
463:(1 April 2022)
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452:(1 April 2022)
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428:(1 April 2021)
416:
415:(1 April 2021)
405:
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378:(1 April 2020)
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367:(1 April 2020)
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356:(1 April 2019)
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3237:
3234:
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3222:
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3211:Higashiyamato
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Higashikurume
3199:
3197:
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3192:
3189:
3187:
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3009:
3007:
3004:Special Wards
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:Neighborhoods
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2790:Sakae, Nagoya
2788:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2754:Minato Ward (
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Rainbow March
2710:
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2459:Yamato Takeru
2456:
2454:
2453:
2452:Empress Jingū
2449:
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2020:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1898:(in Japanese)
1897:
1893:
1887:
1873:(in Japanese)
1872:
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1862:
1846:
1840:
1826:(in Japanese)
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896:LGBTQ portal
882:Japan portal
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157:パートナーシップ証明制度
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135:パートナーシップ宣誓制度
120:
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3136:(Tama area)
2825:Haruyoshi (
2813:Hiroshima –
2445:Sōsei Genri
2314:LGBT rights
2287:transgender
2005:Occur.or.jp
1806:www.cfr.org
1679:Le Monde.fr
1490:21 February
1063:Japan Today
798:transgender
616:. Governor
282:Cities are
274:employees.
125:in central
3452:Categories
3383:Mikurajima
3276:Nishitokyo
3049:Katsushika
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2072:2014-06-16
2010:2017-07-21
1985:8 February
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1896:世田谷区ホームページ
1877:2022-11-28
1830:2023-01-28
1788:nippon.com
1733:2023-03-31
1709:2023-01-29
1685:2022-10-12
1661:Nippon.com
1606:2022-02-21
1559:1 November
1484:Yahoo!ニュース
1354:2 February
1134:2023-09-21
1108:10 October
934:References
705:Statistics
695:infidelity
578:Katsushika
568:, such as
147:pronounced
3412:Ogasawara
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3251:Kunitachi
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3145:Core city
3099:Shinagawa
2959:Festivals
2954:Education
2863:Gay manga
2837:Naha City
2833:Okinawa –
2823:Fukuoka –
2808:Shinsekai
2779:Nogecho (
2763:Ikebukuro
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2438:Amaterasu
2430:Mythology
2401:Otokonoko
2203:6 October
2198:Bloomberg
2179:Pink News
2160:Vice News
2141:Gay Times
1298:Out Japan
1175:March 20,
1155:日テレNEWS24
1002:March 20,
822:In 2011,
811:In 2010,
792:In 2003,
780:LGBT life
632:romanized
461:Musashino
425:Kunitachi
401:Kokubunji
260:Musashino
228:Kunitachi
224:Kokubunji
3437:Category
3356:To-shima
3324:Hinohara
3176:Akishima
3153:Hachiōji
3109:Suginami
3104:Shinjuku
3089:Setagaya
3044:Itabashi
3006:of Tokyo
2974:Politics
2888:Futanari
2781:Yokohama
2772:Susukino
2650:Barazoku
2555:Medieval
2421:X-gender
2394:Onnagata
2283:bisexual
1643:HuffPost
1581:22 April
1537:24 March
1515:24 March
1442:15 March
1376:18 March
1203:25 March
1029:26 March
868:See also
785:Politics
770:Setagaya
735:Setagaya
651:Suginami
623:Japanese
590:Shinjuku
544:Itabashi
533:Suginami
308:Setagaya
240:Setagaya
193:Setagaya
131:Japanese
81:Adoption
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3361:Niijima
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3256:Machida
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3231:Kodaira
3171:Akiruno
3134:Western
3124:Toshima
3094:Shibuya
3039:Edogawa
3029:Chiyoda
3019:Arakawa
2989:Tourism
2984:Symbols
2964:History
2882:Class S
2851:Related
2795:Osaka –
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2733:Tokyo –
2607:General
2600:Culture
2415:Wakashu
2374:General
2367:History
2334:Tottori
2324:Ibaraki
2275:Lesbian
2101:25 July
1927:8 April
1851:8 April
1464:7 March
1398:1 April
973:30 June
967:NPR.org
845:At the
828:Toshima
766:Shibuya
655:Machida
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510:Machida
472:Arakawa
388:Koganei
354:Toshima
330:Edogawa
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268:Machida
264:Arakawa
248:Toshima
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220:Koganei
212:Edogawa
123:Shibuya
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3309:Hinode
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3074:Nakano
3069:Minato
3064:Meguro
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2979:Sports
2798:Doyama
2695:Events
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2408:Kagema
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840:Nakano
727:Adachi
647:Sumida
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586:Nerima
556:Mitaka
522:Sumida
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365:Bunkyō
319:Nakano
284:bolded
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232:Minato
208:Bunkyō
204:Adachi
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2803:Namba
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2635:Media
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2387:Shudō
2329:Tokyo
2319:Akita
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1420:8 May
1222:(PDF)
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594:Taitō
484:Chōfu
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216:Fuchū
200:Tokyo
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574:Chūō
497:Hino
450:Kita
438:Tama
262:and
256:Kita
252:Tama
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