Exploitation of labour

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beneficiary receives something at a value greater than zero on the shared scale of value, although at times there can be ambiguity between more complex types of transfer. He describes the three dimensions of transfers as either unilateral/bilateral, voluntary/involuntary and equal/unequal. Despite these types of transfers being able to distinguish the differences in the four types of transfers, it is not enough to provide a differentiating characterization of exploitation. Unlike theft, an exploitative transfer is bilateral and the items are transferred voluntarily at both unequal and greater-than-zero value. The difference between a benefit and exploitation despite their various shared features is a difference between their counterfactual presuppositions, meaning that in an exploitation there is a voluntary bilateral transfer of unequally valued items because the possessors of both items would voluntarily make the transfer if the items to be transferred were of equal value, but in a benefit the possessor of the higher-value item would not voluntarily make the transfer if the items were at equal value. Put simply, the exploitation can be converted to an exchange: both exploiters and exploited would voluntarily become exchangers when benefactors would not.

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of human (physical labour skills) and non-human property (land and means of production). He states that this model of property rights has great superiority over the conventional surplus labour model of exploitation, therefore rejecting the labour theory of value. In his attempt to put forward a theory of exploitation that also includes feudal, capitalist and socialist modes of production, he defines exploitation in each of the modes in terms of property rights. Roemer rejects the labour theory of value because he sees that exploitation can exist in the absence of employment relations, like in a subsistence economy, therefore backing the model of exploitation that is based on property rights. He tests his theory of exploitation using game theory to construct contingently feasible alternative states where the exploited agents could improve their welfare by withdrawing with their share of society's alienable and inalienable assets. Feudal, capitalist and socialist exploitation all come from the theory of exploitation on the basis of inequitable distribution of property rights. There has been a range of agreement and disagreement from various economists, neo-classical economists favoring the model the most.

3832: 859:. Exploitation is when these two principles are not met, when the agents are not receiving according to their work or needs. This process of exploitation is a part of the redistribution of labour, occurring during the process of separate agents exchanging their current productive labour for social labour set in goods received. The labour put forth toward production is embodied in the goods and exploitation occurs when someone purchases a good, with their revenue or wages, for an amount unequal to the total labour he or she has put forth. This labour performed by a population over a certain time period is equal to the labour embodied to the goods that make up the 6018:

machine or piece of real estate. The analysis demonstrates the symmetry of all types of inputs: there is as much sense as saying that labour exploits capital, or that electricity exploits roofing tiles. Of course, this does not touch the ethical arguments of socialists who acknowledge that non-labour factors make a determinate contribution to output, analytically separable from labour's contribution, yet still contend that it is illegitimate for anyone to own capital or land and reap the payment for their services. But that is not the position of Marx, nor many other socialists.

875:. These agents often have class status and ownership of productive assets that aid the optimization of exploitation. Meanwhile, the exploited are those who receive less than the average product he or she produces. If workers receive an amount equivalent to their average product, there is no revenue left over and therefore these workers cannot enjoy the fruits of their own labours and the difference between what is made and what that can purchase cannot be justified by redistribution according to need. According to Marxist theory, in a capitalist society, the exploited are the 990:(1884), he argues that capitalists do not exploit their workers, as they actually help employees by providing them with an income well in advance of the revenue from the goods they produced, stating: "Labor cannot increase its share at the expense of capital". In particular, he argues that the theory of exploitation ignores the dimension of time in production. From this criticism, it follows that, according to Böhm-Bawerk, the whole value of a product is not produced by the worker, but that labour can only be paid at the present value of any foreseeable output. 3013: 2876:

least some of these transfers are nonaltruistic bilateral ones, then at least some of these transfers are exploitative. Steiner looks at the institutional conditions of exploitation and finds that in general exploitation is considered unjust and to understand why it is necessary to look at the concept of a right, an inviolable domain of practical choice and the way rights are established to form social institutions. Institutional exploitation can be illustrated by schematized forms of exploitation to reach two points:

2815: 2803: 1202: 1126: 1024: 3181: 2945:. However, it is not true that neoclassical economists would accept the marginal productivity theory of just income as a general principle like other theorists do when addressing exploitation. The general neoclassical view sees that all factors can be simultaneously rewarded according to their marginal productivity: this means that factors of production should be awarded according to their marginal productivity as well, Euler's 97: 979:

wine exceeds that of the grapes significantly, yet labour contributes nothing to the extra value. Marx had ignored capital inputs due to placing them all together in constant capital—translating the wear and tear of capital in production in terms of its labour value. Yet examples such as this demonstrated that value and surplus value could come from somewhere other than labour.

2937:. However, in some neoclassical economic theories exploitation is defined by the unequal marginal productivity of workers and wages, such that wages are lower. Exploitation is sometimes viewed to occur when a necessary agent of production receives less wages than its marginal product. Neoclassical theorists also identify the need for some type of 968:

marginal productivity of their capital's contribution to marginal output. However, Steele notes that this does not in any way touch the ethical argument of socialists who acknowledge non-labour contributions to marginal output, but contend that it is illegitimate for a class of passive owners to receive an

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Capitalists are able to purchase labour power from the workers, who can only bring their own labour power in the market. Once capitalists are able to pay the worker less than the value produced by their labour, surplus labour forms and this results in the capitalists' profits. This is what Marx meant by "

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Groups who see themselves as fighting against global exploitation also point to secondary effects such as the dumping of government-subsidized corn on developing world markets which forces subsistence farmers off of their lands, sending them into the cities or across borders in order to survive. More

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Furthermore, the argument goes that if people choose to work for low wages and in unsafe conditions because it is their only alternative to starvation or scavenging from garbage dumps (the "preexisting options"), this cannot be seen as any kind of "free choice" on their part. It also argued that if a

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What are the common wages of labour, depends everywhere upon the contract usually made between those two parties, whose interests are by no means the same. The workmen desire to get as much, the masters to give as little as possible. The former are disposed to combine in order to raise, the latter in

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studied and criticized Marx's theory by putting forth a model to deal with exploitation in all modes of production, hoping to lay the foundations for an analysis of the laws of motion of socialism. In his works published in the 1980s, Roemer posits a model of exploitation based upon unequal ownership

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To further explain the occurrence of exploitative circumstances certain generalizations about social relations must be included to supply generalizations about social institutions. He says that 'if (i) certain things are true of the institutions within which interpersonal transfers occur and (ii) at

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The primary concept is that there is exploitation towards a factor of production, if it receives less than its marginal product. Exploitation can only occur in imperfect capitalism due to imperfect competition, with the neoclassical notion of productivity wages there is little to no exploitation in

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reject this view and claim that property rights belong to everyone, i.e., that all land to be valid must belong to everyone. Their argument aims to show that traditional liberalism is mistaken in holding that nonintervention in commerce is the key to non-exploitation and they argue it is necessary,

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posited that "whatever does not spring from a man's free choice, or is only the result of instruction and guidance, does not enter into his very nature; he does not perform it with truly human energies, but merely with mechanical exactness" and so when the labourer works under external control "we

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Others argue that in the absence of compulsion the only way that corporations are able to secure adequate supplies of labour is to offer wages and benefits superior to preexisting options and that the presence of workers in corporate factories indicates that the factories present options which are

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In an exploitation both transfers are voluntary, but part of one of the two transfers is unnecessary. The circumstances that bring out exploitation are not the same as what brings about exploitative transfers. Exploitative circumstance is due to the factors other than what motivates individuals to

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In a capitalist economy, workers are paid according to this value and value is the source of all wealth. Value is determined by a good's particular utility for an actor and if the good results from human activity, it must be understood as a product of concrete labour, qualitatively defined labour.

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One of the fateful consequences of marginal productivity is that it sweeps away such theories as Marx's which see interest as 'unpaid labour'. Under competitive market conditions, a worker tends to be paid what his labour contributes to output, no more and no less. The same goes for an owner of a

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movement seeks to ensure a more equitable treatment of producers and workers, therefore minimizing exploitation of labour forces in developing countries. The exploitation of labour is not limited to the aforementioned large scale corporate outsourcing, but it can also be found within the inherent

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provided an argument to refute the claim that liberalism cannot supply an adequate theory of exploitation. He discusses interpersonal transfers and how there are three types: donation, exchange and theft. Exchange is the only of the three that consists of a voluntary bilateral transfer, where the

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Some theorists criticize Roemer for his entire rejection of the labour theory of value and the surplus labour approach to exploitation, for they were the central aspects of Marxist thought in regard to exploitation. Others criticize his commitment to a specifically liberal as opposed to a Marxist

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observed that there is also the prospect of surplus value arising from sources other than labour and a classic given example is winemaking. When grapes are harvested and crushed, labour is used. However, when yeast is added and the grape juice is left to ferment in order to get wine, the value of

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Many capitalist critics claim that Marx assumes that capital owners contribute nothing to the process of production. They suggest that Marx should have allowed for two things; namely, permit a fair profit on the risk of capital investment and allow for the efforts of management be paid their due.

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Additionally, Marxists posit that labour as commodity, which is how they regard wage labour, provides an absolutely fundamental point of attack against capitalism. "It can be persuasively argued", noted one concerned philosopher, "that the conception of the worker's labor as a commodity confirms

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In response to Roemer, Nicholas Vrousalis has argued that Roemer is right to criticize the labour theory of value, but that does not subtract from the value of Marx's exploitation theory. According to Vrousalis, the correspondence between price and value posited by the original Marxian theory is

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renders Marx's theory of exploitation untenable. According to this theoretical framework and assuming competitive market conditions, a worker's compensation is determined by his or her contribution to marginal output. Similarly, owners of machines and real estate are compensated according to the

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On a liberal view, exploitation can be described as a quadrilateral relation between four relevantly distinct parties: the state, the exploited, the exploiter and those who suffer rights violations. However, it can be argued that the state's interests with the exploiters action can be viewed as

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and necessary value/product. The surplus value/product is the materialized surplus labour or surplus labour time while the necessary value/product is materialized necessary labour in regard to workers, like the reproduction of the labour power. Marx called the rate of surplus value an "exact

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be continuously differentiable in both variables and that there are constant returns to scale. If there are constant returns to scale, there will be perfect equilibrium if both capital and labour are rewarded according to their marginal products, exactly exhausting the total product.

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propose that the American government should mandate that businesses in foreign countries adhere to the same labour, environmental, health and safety standards as the United States before they are allowed to trade with businesses in the United States (this has been advocated by

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societies. However, the difference he emphasizes is the fact that when this appropriation of surplus labour occurs in societies like capitalist ones, it is occurring in institutions having abolished forced labour and resting on free labour. This comes from Marx's

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was an economist who thought that such a policy would have that effect. According to this argument, the result of ending perceived exploitation would therefore be the corporation pulling back to its developed nation, leaving their former workers out of a job.

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unimpeachable because you cannot imply that the exploiter would ever withhold consent from exploiting due to altruistic concerns. So this trilateral conception of exploitation identifies exploited, exploiters and sufferers of rights violations.

62:, a classical economist. Smith did not see exploitation as an inherent systematic phenomenon in certain economic systems as Marx did, but rather something that stems from a random occurrence in the chaos of the market, such as a 866:

According to Marxist economics, the exploiters are the agents able to command goods, with revenue from their income, that are embodied with more labour than the exploiters themselves have put forth—based on the exploitative

58:, including capitalism, through the working class (or the proletariat, as Marx called them) being forced to sell their labour. The two main perspectives when analysing the exploitation of labour are that of Marx and that of 2882:

Despite the mode of deprivation in exploitation, it is not the same as the mode involved in a violation of rights and it does result from such violations and the two deprivations may be of the same value.

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intrinsically lacks any adequate theory of exploitation because its phenomenon commits itself only to the primacy of personal rights and liberties and to individual choice as the basic explanatory datum.

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For example, observers point to cases where employees were unable to escape factories burning down—and thus dying—because of locked doors, a common signal that sweatshop conditions exist, similar to the

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Marx's stigmatisation of the wage system of private capitalism as 'wage-slavery;' that is, as an instrument of the capitalist's for reducing the worker's condition to that of a slave, if not below it".

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and basic living conditions. In other terms, this entails the worker being able to maintain living conditions sufficient to be able to continue work. Marx does not attempt to tie this solely to

863:(NNP). The NNP is then parceled out to the members of the population in some way and this is what creates the two groups, or agents, involved in the exchange of goods: exploiters and exploited. 2381: 856: 34:

based on an asymmetry of power or unequal exchange of value between workers and their employers. When speaking about exploitation, there is a direct affiliation with consumption in

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Exploitation is a concept defined as, in its broadest sense, one agent taking unfair advantage of another agent. When applying this to labour (or labor), it denotes an unjust

5456: 936:", which he saw as "an exact expression for the degree of exploitation of labor-power by capital, or of the laborer by the capitalist". This profit is used to pay for 38:

and traditionally this would label exploitation as unfairly taking advantage of another person because of their vulnerable position, giving the exploiter the power.

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institutions as he notes how historically, there are accounts of this appropriation of surplus labour in institutions with forced labour, like those based on

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engage in nonaltruistic bilateral transfers (exchanges and exploitations) as they are not sufficient circumstances to bring about exploitative transfers.

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Adam Smith described the exploitation of labour by businessmen, who work together to extract as much wealth as possible out of their workers, thus:

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and personal consumption by the capitalist, but was most importantly used to accelerate growth and thus promote a greater system of exploitation.

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Rights violation (theft) is a bilateral relation, but exploitation is trilateral one. There are at least three persons needed for exploitation.

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According to others, this would harm the economies of less developed nations by discouraging the United States from investing in them.

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argues that monopoly and monopsony are unnecessary to exploitation, as exploitation is compatible with perfectly competitive markets.

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The degree of exploitation of labour power is dictated by the rate of surplus value as the proportion between surplus value/

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countries, are the focus of much debate over the issue of exploitation, particularly in the context of the global economy.

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Wage labour as institutionalized under today's market economic systems has been criticized, especially by both mainstream

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Milan Zafirovski, 'Measuring and Making Sense of Labor Exploitation in Contemporary Society: A Comparative Analysis',

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Khalid Nadvi, 'Exploitation and Labour Theory Of Value: A Critique of Roemer's Theory of Exploitation and Class',

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This Marxist objection is what motivated Nelson's essay, which claims that labour is not in fact a commodity.

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company intends to sell its products in the First World, it should pay its workers by First World standards.

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Marx, Karl. 1967. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, vol. 1. New York: International Publishers.

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to the poor, disabled, to the farmers and peasants, or whatever socially alienated group from the

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as the main causes for exploitation of workers. In his discussion of neoclassical exploitation,

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and some social theorists consider it to be a cornerstone in Marxist thought. Marx credited the

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The production function where K is capital and L is labour. Neoclassical theory requires that

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Jon Elster, "Exploring Exploitation", The Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 3-17

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John E. Roemer, "Origins of Exploitation and Class: Value Theory of Pre-Capitalist Economy",

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only would view exploitation existing as an abstract deduction of the classic school and of

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as the most influential theory of exploitation. Marx described exploitation as the theft of

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seen as better—by the workers themselves—than the other options available to them (see

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Horace L. Fairlamb, 'Adam's Smith's Other Hand: A Capitalist Theory of Exploitation',

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From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation

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have been found useful in the psychological study of wage-based workplace relations.

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In terms of ridding exploitation, the standard liberal view holds that a regime of

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Marx's Revenge: The Resurgence of Capitalism and the Death of Statist Socialism

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In the Marxist critique of political economy, exploiters appropriate another's

787: 683: 560: 555: 377: 277: 227: 152: 51: 6538: 3774:, analysis of the psychological implications of wage slavery goes back to the 2020: 1842: 6701: 6546: 6077: 5721: 5695: 5675: 5610: 5436: 5360: 4807: 4790: 4565: 4395: 4385: 4169: 3819: 3474: 3409: 3369: 3334: 3260: 3100: 2743: 2065: 2025: 1955: 1925: 1892: 1887: 1867: 1747: 1672: 1584: 1447: 1263: 933: 635: 630: 615: 595: 580: 337: 307: 272: 66:, that will even out by the tendency of the free market towards equilibrium. 35: 847:, Marx set principles that were to govern the distribution of welfare under 5700: 5595: 5560: 5441: 5273: 5249: 5155: 5148: 4879: 4407: 4380: 4343: 4321: 4208: 3925: 3905: 3883: 3873: 3863: 3858: 3848: 3771: 3760: 3554: 3519: 3502: 3399: 3384: 3349: 3299: 3294: 3286: 3220: 3151: 2900: 2777: 2110: 2085: 2015: 1862: 1692: 1682: 1485: 917: 896: 620: 575: 570: 297: 177: 162: 55: 5804: 4688: 5665: 5278: 5266: 4619: 4422: 4412: 4370: 4184: 3428: 3255: 3225: 3205: 3105: 3073: 2095: 1897: 1882: 1857: 1652: 1637: 1544: 1397: 1345: 993: 880: 876: 838: 625: 610: 485: 292: 6525:

Nelson, John O. (1995). "That a Worker's Labour Cannot Be a Commodity".

6201:"An Interview With Milton Friedman | John Hawkins' Right Wing News" 2814: 6554: 5431: 4723: 4427: 4294: 3764: 3700: 3394: 3389: 3132: 2859: 2733: 2699: 2694: 2364: 1877: 1667: 1642: 1549: 1402: 1382: 1193: 1048: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1005:

unnecessary to the centrality of labour to the theory of exploitation.

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expression of the degree of exploitation of labour power by capital".

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Property and Contract in Economics: The Case for Economic Democracy

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Another one being the capitalists' alleged theft from workers via

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John E. Roemer, 'Should Marxists be Interested in Exploitation',

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structure of local markets in developing countries like Kenya.

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may admire what he does, but we despise what he is". Both the

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which means that, for any commodity, the price (or wage) of

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Exploitation as Domination: What Makes Capitalism Unjust

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Hillel Steiner, 'A Liberal Theory of Exploitation',

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Hillel Steiner, 'A Liberal Theory of Exploitation',

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Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

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generally, some sort of international regulation of

44:'s theory of exploitation has been described in the 6300: 2146:

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

5901: 2899:is a necessary condition. Natural rights thinkers 855:—these principles saw distribution to each person 6220: 6699: 6616:Thye, Shane R.; Lawler, Edward J., eds. (2006). 6288: 5316:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution 6104:'Only Socialism Can Put an End to Exploitation' 5793:Young, Iris Marion; Allen, Danielle S. (2012). 5631:Labour, class struggle and false consciousness 3124:is called for, such as the enforcement of the 6688:Only Socialism Can Put an End to Exploitation 5527: 5405:List of slavery-related memorials and museums 3732: 2839: 2171:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties 2141:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 807: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5321:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom 879:, and the exploiters would typically be the 6489:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 6615: 6569: 6371: 6282: 5792: 5534: 5520: 3739: 3725: 2846: 2832: 1149:. Please do not remove this message until 814: 800: 6634: 5847: 3057:Learn how and when to remove this message 2176:International Federation of Liberal Youth 1169:Learn how and when to remove this message 1108:Learn how and when to remove this message 988:History and Critique of Interest Theories 951: 887:Surplus labour and labour theory of value 6591: 6479: 6445: 6294: 6270: 6258: 6246: 6189:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023. 5326:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf 5191:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 5171:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 3020:This article includes a list of general 3002: 1145:Relevant discussion may be found on the 6598:The Making of the English Working Class 6486:Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor 6412: 6356: 6198: 6001:Steele, David Ramsay (September 1999). 5860:Dowding, Keith (2011). "Exploitation". 2924: 2156:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats 1001:account of the wrongs of exploitation. 873:Marxist theory of capitalist production 14: 6700: 6524: 6395: 6000: 5912:Jon Elster, "Exploring Exploitation", 6708:Ethically disputed working conditions 6174:Review of Radical Political Economies 5774:from the original on 27 November 2020 5213:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 4890:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea 837:writers for originally propounding a 6503: 6383: 6225:. Villagemarkets.org. Archived from 5957: 5955: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5410:Slave marriages in the United States 5009:Human trafficking in the Middle East 3006: 1119: 1046:adding citations to reliable sources 1017: 972:from ownership of capital and land. 6641:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6176:, 2003, Vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 462-484 6117:, Vol. 94, No. 2, 1984, pp. 225-241 5949:, Vol. 50, No. 1, 1982, pp. 163-192 5767:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4744:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia 3415:Workers' right to access the toilet 3099:Following such a view, some in the 2920:order to lower the wages of labour. 2196:Liberal South East European Network 47:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 24: 6618:Social Psychology of the Workplace 6458:. Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 6161:The theory of economic development 6067:, Vol. 20, No. 25, 1985, 1479-1494 5864:. SAGE Publications. pp. 232–235. 5398:last survivors of American slavery 3026:it lacks sufficient corresponding 841:interpretation of history. In his 25: 6729: 6664: 6575:The Tradition of Workers' Control 5952: 5747: 5601:Exploitation of natural resources 4359:Field slaves in the United States 4226:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate 3126:International Labour Organization 2935:Ricardo's theory of surplus-value 2186:Liberal Network for Latin America 1619:(contributions to liberal theory) 1013: 1008: 857:according to their work and needs 69: 6416:Year 501: The Conquest Continues 6163:, Harvard University Press, 1949 5936:, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1985, pg 30-65 4236:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 4231:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 4060:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 3830: 3759:, utilising the pejorative term 3310:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 3179: 3090:principle of revealed preference 3082:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire 3011: 2949:of the first order proves this: 2947:theorem for homogeneous function 2813: 2801: 1200: 1124: 1022: 95: 6389: 6377: 6365: 6350: 6325: 6240: 6214: 6192: 6179: 6166: 6153: 6133: 6130:, Vol. 94, No. 2, 1984, pp. 229 6120: 6107: 6095: 6070: 6057: 6036: 6023: 5994: 5973: 5964: 5934:Philosophy & Public Affairs 5896:Modern Theories of Exploitation 5727: 5714: 5186:Committee of Experts on Slavery 4737:East, Southeast, and South Asia 1033:needs additional citations for 982:The theory has been opposed by 6405: 5939: 5888: 5875: 5786: 4885:Slave raiding in Easter Island 3360:Occupational safety and health 3355:Occupational safety and health 3139: 1560:Separation of church and state 253:Socially necessary labour time 198:Organic composition of capital 13: 1: 6090:Philosophy and Public Affairs 6065:Economic and Political Weekly 6033:, 2002, Verso Books, page 264 5914:The Journal of Peace Research 5740: 3780:On the Limits of State Action 3483:Chronological list of strikes 926:socially necessary labor time 844:Critique of the Gotha Program 480:Critique of Political Economy 148:Critique of political economy 123:Capitalist mode of production 6635:Vrousalis, Nicholas (2023). 6510:. London: Penguin Classics. 6223:"How do we find our artists" 6199:Hawkins, John (2015-03-25). 5176:Temporary Slavery Commission 4837:Slavery in the Mongol Empire 965:marginal productivity theory 407:Falling profit-rate tendency 258:Socialist mode of production 233:Real prices and ideal prices 138:Concrete and abstract labuor 7: 6683:, Marxists Internet Archive 6675:, Marxists Internet Archive 6005:. Open Court. p. 143. 5196:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 4241:Volga Bulgarian slave trade 3802: 1151:conditions to do so are met 759:Schools of economic thought 694:Real-World Economics Review 505:The Accumulation of Capital 268:Simple commodity production 10: 6734: 6187:Exploitation as Domination 5916:, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 3-17 5883:Social Theory and Practice 5381:Great Dismal Swamp maroons 5218:Anti-Slavery International 4983:North Africa and West Asia 3149: 3143: 3122:transnational corporations 976:Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai 749:Perspectives on capitalism 689:New School Economic Review 497:Economic and Philosophical 393:Technological unemployment 6601:. New York, NY: Vintage. 6577:. London: Freedom Press. 6539:10.1017/S0031819100065359 6148:Marxists Internet Archive 5566:Child sexual exploitation 5482:Emancipation Proclamation 5149:Opposition and resistance 4907:Sex trafficking in Europe 4895:Blackbirding in Polynesia 4458:Trans-Saharan slave trade 3446:International comparisons 3380:Right to rest and leisure 3320:Employment discrimination 2991:in the labour market and 2983:the economy. This blames 2783:Sexually liberal feminism 2690:Bias in American academia 2161:European Democratic Party 1617:List of liberal theorists 924:—namely, the quantity of 388:Technological determinism 6092:, Vol. 41, 2013, 131-157 5707: 5257:Compensated emancipation 4468:Indian Ocean slave trade 3231:Social movement unionism 2939:redistribution of income 1442:Labor theory of property 1057:"Exploitation of labour" 928:required to produce it. 676:International Journal of 6680:Wage Labour and Capital 6672:The Communist Manifesto 6419:. London: Verso Books. 6221:Martinus van Tilborgh. 6046:. Mises.org. 2004-11-26 5681:Trafficking of children 5586:Criticism of capitalism 5581:Cost the limit of price 5181:1926 Slavery Convention 4937:Germany in World War II 4554:North and South America 4076:Contract of manumission 3441:Trade union federations 3436:Trade unions by country 3041:more precise citations. 2987:in the product market, 2943:social welfare function 2931:neoclassical economists 2151:Arab Liberal Federation 1341:Consent of the governed 769:Critiques of capitalism 238:Relations of production 6413:Chomsky, Noam (1993). 6372:Thye & Lawler 2006 4662:British Virgin Islands 4214:Circassian slave trade 4180:Safavid imperial harem 4175:Ottoman Imperial Harem 3778:era. In his 1791 book 3340:Freedom of association 3211:Exploitation of labour 2922: 2166:European Liberal Youth 2136:Africa Liberal Network 1361:Economic globalization 952:Critique and rejection 914:labour theory of value 835:Scottish Enlightenment 744:Neoclassical economics 724:Evolutionary economics 518:Capitalist Development 412:Transformation problem 399:Temporal single-system 358:Historical materialism 248:Reserve army of labour 218:Primitive accumulation 168:Labour theory of value 6142:The Wealth of Nations 6084:(Routledge 2004) and 5862:Encyclopedia of Power 5805:10.1515/9781400839902 5641:List of global issues 4901:Europe and North Asia 4861:Australia and Oceania 4561:Pre-Columbian America 4133:Slave raid of Suðuroy 4065:Slavery in al-Andalus 3987:Black Sea slave trade 3916:21st-century jihadism 3325:Employment protection 3305:Collective bargaining 3128:'s labour standards. 3003:In developing nations 2917: 2808:Liberalism portal 2680:Anti-authoritarianism 2181:Liberal International 984:Eugen Böhm von Bawerk 920:is determined by its 478:A Contribution to the 457:Neo-Marxian economics 56:class-based societies 6571:Ostergaard, Geoffrey 6504:Marx, Karl (1990) . 6185:Nicholas Vrousalis, 5770:. 20 December 2001. 5671:Rate of exploitation 5571:Contemporary slavery 5356:Indentured servitude 5284:Underground Railroad 5084:United Arab Emirates 4473:Zanzibar slave trade 4440:By country or region 4253:Atlantic slave trade 4155:Ma malakat aymanukum 4039:Venetian slave trade 3793:Stanford experiments 3784:Wilhelm von Humboldt 3757:anarcho-syndicalists 3686:Industrial relations 3675:Academic disciplines 3271:National-syndicalism 3241:Democratic socialism 2925:Neoclassical notions 2908:but not sufficient. 1612:Age of Enlightenment 1565:Separation of powers 1042:improve this article 861:net national product 667:Cambridge Journal of 343:Economic determinism 223:Rate of exploitation 213:Prices of production 6203:. Rightwingnews.com 6144:, Book I, Chapter 8 6101:Nicholas Vrousalis 5606:Forced prostitution 5447:Slave Route Project 4573:Americas indigenous 4463:Red Sea slave trade 4453:Contemporary Africa 4316:Topics and practice 4086:Crimean slave trade 4081:Bukhara slave trade 4034:Genoese slave trade 3911:Contemporary Africa 3891:Forced prostitution 3266:Anarcho-syndicalism 2820:Politics portal 1523:Civil and political 1496:Popular sovereignty 1356:Economic liberalism 1138:of this section is 986:, among others. In 961:David Ramsay Steele 764:Socialist economics 729:Classical economics 704:Science and Society 499:Manuscripts of 1844 348:Immiseration thesis 333:Capital controversy 193:Monopoly capitalism 183:Means of production 173:Law of accumulation 32:social relationship 27:Economic phenomenon 18:Labour exploitation 6447:Ellerman, David P. 5626:Indentured servant 5223:Blockade of Africa 4530:Somali slave trade 4446:Sub-Saharan Africa 4138:Turkish Abductions 4096:Khivan slave trade 4091:Khazar slave trade 4044:Balkan slave trade 4002:Prague slave trade 3782:, liberal thinker 3375:Professional abuse 3072:, commonly called 3070:Developing nations 2997:Nicholas Vrousalis 1491:Permissive society 1471:Limited government 922:cost of production 699:Rethinking Marxism 606:Nikolai Kondratiev 442:Analytical Marxism 188:Mode of production 6718:Marxian economics 6648:978-0-19286-769-8 6627:978-0-7623-1330-3 6608:978-0-394-70322-0 6584:978-0-900384-91-2 6517:978-0-14-044568-8 6507:Capital, Volume I 6496:978-0-674-15416-2 6481:Lazonick, William 6465:978-1-55786-309-6 6426:978-0-86091-406-8 6086:Nicolas Vrousalis 5989:978-90-04-32331-5 5621:Human trafficking 5555:Capital, Volume I 5544: 5543: 5494:Freedmen's Bureau 5311:Third Servile War 5306:International law 4873:Human trafficking 4635:Human trafficking 4310:Thirteen colonies 4128:Sack of Baltimore 3896:Human trafficking 3749: 3748: 3706:Post-work society 3535:Solidarity action 3345:Legal working age 3201:Conflict theories 3067: 3066: 3059: 2913:classical liberal 2858:Many assume that 2856: 2855: 2695:Bias in the media 2211:Regional variants 1528:Natural and legal 1179: 1178: 1171: 1118: 1117: 1110: 1092: 831:Marxian economics 824: 823: 754:Political economy 739:Marxist sociology 678:Political Economy 586:Antonie Pannekoek 566:Rudolf Hilferding 447:Classical Marxism 373:Overdetermination 363:Okishio's theorem 203:Productive forces 88:Marxian economics 16:(Redirected from 6725: 6713:Labour economics 6659: 6657: 6655: 6631: 6612: 6588: 6566: 6533:(272): 157–165. 6521: 6500: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6457: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6433:on 11 March 2023 6429:. 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Wolff 551:Friedrich Engels 510:Monopoly Capital 452:Orthodox Marxism 417:Underconsumption 368:Overaccumulation 313:Variable capital 143:Constant capital 99: 89: 74: 73: 21: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6698: 6697: 6667: 6662: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6628: 6609: 6593:Thompson, E. 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3856: 3854:Child soldiers 3851: 3845: 3840: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3827: 3826: 3816: 3815: 3804: 3801: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3736: 3729: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3696:Labour history 3693: 3688: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3657:United Kingdom 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3569:Labour parties 3567: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3493:General strike 3490: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3450: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3432: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3315:Eight-hour day 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3176: 3175: 3167: 3166: 3144:Main article: 3141: 3138: 3065: 3064: 3019: 3017: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2993:cartellization 2972: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2926: 2923: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2886: 2883: 2865:Hillel Steiner 2854: 2853: 2851: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2810: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2788:Utilitarianism 2785: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2761:Libertarianism 2758: 2756:Land value tax 2753: 2752: 2751: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2729:Egalitarianism 2726: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2685:Anti-communism 2682: 2676: 2674:Related topics 2673: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2630: 2628:Arizona School 2620: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2596:United Kingdom 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2410: 2409: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2214: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1723:Wollstonecraft 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1634: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1575:Social justice 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1476:Market economy 1473: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1451: 1444: 1439: 1437:Invisible hand 1434: 1429: 1427:Harm principle 1424: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1197: 1196: 1190: 1189: 1177: 1176: 1132: 1130: 1123: 1116: 1115: 1030: 1028: 1021: 1015: 1014:Liberal theory 1012: 1010: 1009:Other theories 1007: 953: 950: 893:surplus labour 888: 885: 822: 821: 819: 818: 811: 804: 796: 793: 792: 791: 790: 788:Marxism portal 785: 777: 776: 772: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 720: 719: 717:Related topics 716: 715: 712: 711: 707: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 684:Monthly Review 681: 674: 672: 665: 662: 661: 658: 657: 654: 653: 649: 648: 646:Michał Kalecki 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 561:Rosa Luxemburg 558: 556:Vladimir Lenin 553: 548: 542: 541: 536: 535: 532: 531: 527: 526: 521: 514: 512: 507: 502: 495: 493: 488: 483: 476: 473: 472: 469: 468: 465: 464: 460: 459: 454: 449: 444: 438: 437: 434: 433: 430: 429: 425: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 401:interpretation 397: 395: 390: 385: 380: 378:Overproduction 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 329: 328: 325: 324: 321: 320: 316: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 278:Surplus labour 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 228:Rate of profit 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 153:Exchange value 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 109: 108: 105: 104: 101: 100: 92: 91: 83: 82: 71: 70:Marxist theory 68: 52:economic power 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6730: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6694: 6690: 6689: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6650: 6644: 6640: 6639: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6619: 6614: 6610: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6502: 6498: 6492: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6478: 6467: 6461: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6444: 6432: 6428: 6422: 6418: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6398:, p. 158 6397: 6392: 6385: 6380: 6373: 6368: 6362: 6358: 6353: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6313: 6309: 6303: 6297:, p. 37. 6296: 6295:Lazonick 1990 6291: 6284: 6279: 6272: 6271:Thompson 1966 6267: 6260: 6259:Thompson 1966 6255: 6248: 6247:Ellerman 1992 6243: 6229:on 2015-10-24 6228: 6224: 6217: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6182: 6175: 6169: 6162: 6156: 6149: 6145: 6143: 6136: 6129: 6123: 6116: 6110: 6103: 6098: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6078:Allen W. Wood 6076:For example, 6073: 6066: 6060: 6045: 6039: 6032: 6026: 6019: 6014: 6008: 6004: 5997: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5967: 5958: 5956: 5948: 5942: 5935: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5915: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5897: 5891: 5884: 5878: 5871: 5870:9781412927482 5867: 5863: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5842: 5830: 5816: 5814:9781400839902 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5789: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5746: 5730: 5723: 5722:surplus-value 5717: 5713: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5696:Unfree labour 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5676:Sharecropping 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5611:Globalization 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5537: 5532: 5530: 5525: 5523: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5437:Slave catcher 5435: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5361:Forced labour 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5332: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5207: 5206:Abolitionists 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4808:comfort women 4806: 4805: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4792: 4791:Chukri System 4789: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4679:Latin America 4677: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4630:interregional 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4615:prison labour 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4585:United States 4583: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4396:White slavery 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4386:Slave raiding 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4354:Corvée labour 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4170:Abbasid harem 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4113:Barbary Coast 4111: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3940: 3935: 3934: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3843: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3820:Forced labour 3818: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3800: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3776:Enlightenment 3773: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3730: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3622:New Caledonia 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3564: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3520:Overtime bans 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3475:Strike action 3471: 3470: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3430: 3425: 3424: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3410:Unfree labour 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3370:Paid time off 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3335:Four-day week 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3287:Labour rights 3283: 3282: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3261:Union busting 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3137: 3134: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3102: 3101:United States 3097: 3093: 3091: 3085: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3058: 3050: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3023: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2966: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2921: 2916: 2914: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2897:laissez-faire 2893: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2861: 2849: 2844: 2842: 2837: 2835: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2798: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2744:Individualism 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2623:United States 2621: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2223:Latin America 2221: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2207: 2206: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2128:Organizations 2125: 2124: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1627: 1626: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1601: 1600: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1585:Welfare state 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1448:Laissez-faire 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1173: 1170: 1162: 1152: 1148: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1122: 1121: 1112: 1109: 1101: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1059: – 1058: 1054: 1053:Find sources: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1031:This section 1029: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1006: 1002: 998: 995: 991: 989: 985: 980: 977: 973: 971: 966: 962: 958: 949: 946: 941: 939: 935: 934:surplus value 929: 927: 923: 919: 915: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 884: 882: 878: 874: 870: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 845: 840: 836: 832: 828: 817: 812: 810: 805: 803: 798: 797: 795: 794: 789: 786: 784: 781: 780: 779: 778: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 721: 714: 713: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 679: 673: 670: 664: 663: 656: 655: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 636:Paul A. Baran 634: 632: 631:David Laibman 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 616:Nobuo Okishio 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 596:Andrew Kliman 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 581:Ernest Mandel 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 539: 534: 533: 525: 522: 519: 516:The Theory of 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 500: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 481: 475: 474: 467: 466: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 432: 431: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 402: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 338:Crisis theory 336: 334: 331: 330: 323: 322: 314: 311: 309: 308:Value product 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 273:Surplus value 271: 269: 266: 264: 263:Socialization 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 128:Class process 126: 124: 121: 118: 114: 111: 110: 103: 102: 98: 94: 93: 90: 85: 84: 80: 76: 75: 67: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 48: 43: 39: 37: 36:social theory 33: 19: 6692: 6687: 6679: 6671: 6652:. Retrieved 6637: 6617: 6597: 6574: 6530: 6526: 6506: 6485: 6469:. Retrieved 6451: 6435:. Retrieved 6431:the original 6415: 6391: 6379: 6367: 6357:Chomsky 1993 6352: 6340:. Retrieved 6333:"wage slave" 6327: 6315:. Retrieved 6308:"Wage Slave" 6302: 6290: 6278: 6266: 6254: 6242: 6231:. Retrieved 6227:the original 6216: 6205:. Retrieved 6194: 6186: 6181: 6173: 6168: 6160: 6155: 6141: 6139:Adam Smith. 6135: 6127: 6122: 6114: 6109: 6097: 6089: 6081: 6072: 6064: 6059: 6048:. Retrieved 6038: 6030: 6025: 6016: 6002: 5996: 5980: 5975: 5966: 5947:Econometrica 5946: 5941: 5933: 5913: 5895: 5890: 5882: 5877: 5861: 5818:. Retrieved 5795: 5788: 5776:. Retrieved 5765: 5729: 5716: 5701:Wage slavery 5596:Debt bondage 5561:Child labour 5553: 5442:Slave patrol 5274:Freedom suit 5250:Sierra Leone 5240:Colonization 5156:Abolitionism 5136:Baháʼí Faith 5109:Christianity 5059:Saudi Arabia 4915:Penal Labour 4880:Blackbirding 4786:Debt bondage 4774:penal system 4600:Contemporary 4590:Field slaves 4578:U.S. Natives 4537:South Africa 4408:Galley slave 4381:Slave market 4371:House slaves 4344:Blackbirding 4322:Conscription 4246:21st century 4209:Umm al-walad 4053:Muslim world 4022:Emancipation 3926:Wage slavery 3906:Penal labour 3884:Wife selling 3874:Bride buying 3859:Conscription 3849:Child Labour 3842:Contemporary 3797: 3779: 3772:Noam Chomsky 3769: 3761:wage slavery 3750: 3555:Work-to-rule 3429:Trade unions 3400:Six-hour day 3385:Right to sit 3350:Minimum wage 3300:Child labour 3295:Annual leave 3221:New unionism 3152:Wage slavery 3130: 3118: 3110: 3098: 3094: 3086: 3078: 3068: 3053: 3044: 3025: 2981: 2975: 2973: 2964: 2957: 2953: 2928: 2918: 2910: 2901:Henry George 2896: 2894: 2890: 2874: 2870: 2857: 2778:Pirate Party 2638:Jeffersonian 2546:South Africa 2036:Lloyd George 1631:Philosophers 1538:To bear arms 1486:Open society 1446: 1222:Conservative 1165: 1159:January 2024 1156: 1134: 1104: 1098:January 2024 1095: 1085: 1078: 1071: 1064: 1052: 1040:Please help 1035:verification 1032: 1003: 999: 992: 987: 981: 974: 963:argues that 959: 955: 942: 930: 897:labour power 890: 865: 842: 825: 621:Ian Steedman 591:János Kornai 576:Karl Kautsky 571:Leon Trotsky 298:Wage slavery 243:Reproduction 178:Law of value 163:Labour power 158:Exploitation 157: 117:accumulation 45: 40: 29: 6406:Works cited 6396:Nelson 1995 5979:Karl Marx, 5778:26 December 5666:Prosumerism 5457:court cases 5329: [ 5279:Slave Power 5267:Manumission 5114:Catholicism 4989:Afghanistan 4730:Puerto Rico 4642:The Bahamas 4620:Slave codes 4423:Shanghaiing 4413:Impressment 4305:Slave Coast 4185:Qajar harem 4145:Concubinage 4118:slave trade 3652:South Korea 3632:Netherlands 3627:New Zealand 3256:Syndicalism 3226:Proletariat 3206:Decent work 3140:Wage labour 3106:Howard Dean 3074:Third World 3039:introducing 2606:Gladstonian 2566:Switzerland 2551:South Korea 2494:Philippines 2454:New Zealand 2449:Netherlands 2106:Verhofstadt 2101:Balcerowicz 1910:Politicians 1838:Collingwood 1778:Tocqueville 1653:Montesquieu 1545:Rule of law 1346:Due process 994:John Roemer 918:labor power 881:bourgeoisie 877:proletariat 839:materialist 626:John Roemer 611:Paul Sweezy 486:Das Kapital 353:Imperialism 293:Wage labour 6702:Categories 6527:Philosophy 6359:, p. 6233:2015-10-20 6207:2015-10-20 6050:2015-10-20 5820:2022-01-31 5741:References 5472:J.Q. Adams 5462:Washington 5432:Slave name 5376:convention 5351:Common law 4724:Encomienda 4520:Seychelles 4505:Mauritania 4428:Slave ship 4295:Panyarring 4290:New France 3939:Historical 3765:capitalism 3753:socialists 3701:Labour law 3510:Green bans 3503:newspapers 3395:Sick leave 3390:Sabbatical 3150:See also: 3133:fair trade 3022:references 2860:liberalism 2734:Empiricism 2705:Democratic 2700:Capitalism 2611:Manchester 2444:Montenegro 2429:Luxembourg 2365:Venizelism 2295:Costa Rica 1550:Secularism 1383:Federalism 1335:Principles 1194:Liberalism 1136:neutrality 1068:newspapers 901:capitalist 491:Grundrisse 303:Value-form 60:Adam Smith 6595:(1966) . 6563:171054136 6547:0031-8191 6384:Marx 1990 6082:Karl Marx 5839:ignored ( 5829:cite book 5646:Mutualism 5467:Jefferson 5119:Mormonism 5054:Palestine 4868:Australia 4798:Indonesia 4689:Lei Áurea 4672:Code Noir 4652:Caribbean 4625:Treatment 4364:Treatment 4337:Devshirme 4199:Odalisque 4017:In Russia 3958:Babylonia 3946:Antiquity 3647:Singapore 3602:Hong Kong 3577:Australia 3330:Equal pay 3251:Communism 3246:Socialism 3084:of 1911. 2989:monopsony 2749:Anarchist 2657:Venezuela 2633:Classical 2601:Cobdenism 2504:Cracovian 2459:Nicaragua 2424:Lithuania 2283:Hong Kong 2238:Australia 2076:Roosevelt 2046:Ståhlberg 2041:Venizelos 1996:Sarmiento 1986:Gladstone 1946:Lamartine 1916:Jefferson 1768:Martineau 1718:De Gouges 1703:Condorcet 1688:Priestley 1351:Democracy 1323:Third Way 1284:Christian 1279:Religious 1217:Classical 1147:talk page 853:communism 849:socialism 827:Karl Marx 669:Economics 546:Karl Marx 288:Use value 133:Commodity 42:Karl Marx 6573:(1997). 6483:(1990). 6449:(1992). 5796:coaccess 5772:Archived 5499:Iron bit 5489:40 acres 5452:breeding 5262:Freedman 5097:Religion 4957:Portugal 4842:Thailand 4832:Maldives 4827:Malaysia 4820:Kwalliso 4764:Booi Aha 4716:Restavek 4696:Colombia 4667:Trinidad 4657:Barbados 4547:Zanzibar 4495:Ethiopia 4376:Saqaliba 4270:Database 4221:Saqaliba 3982:Ancillae 3812:a series 3810:Part of 3803:See also 3642:Portugal 3582:Barbados 3540:Walkouts 3515:Lockouts 3365:Overwork 3216:Timeline 3162:a series 3159:Part of 3047:May 2020 2985:monopoly 2739:Humanism 2712:Centrism 2662:Zimbabwe 2616:Whiggism 2576:Thailand 2541:Slovenia 2536:Slovakia 2511:Portugal 2484:Paraguay 2407:Liberism 2372:Honduras 2290:Colombia 2263:Bulgaria 2056:Rathenau 2031:Milyukov 1951:Macaulay 1921:Kołłątaj 1893:Kymlicka 1873:Friedman 1818:Cassirer 1808:Hobhouse 1743:Constant 1738:Humboldt 1698:Beccaria 1663:Rousseau 1658:Voltaire 1501:Property 1464:Positive 1459:Negative 1415:Religion 1393:Economic 1366:Equality 1289:Catholic 1259:National 1254:Muscular 1232:Feminist 1227:Cultural 1186:a series 1184:Part of 1140:disputed 938:overhead 659:Journals 435:Variants 106:Concepts 79:a series 77:Part of 64:monopoly 6693:Jacobin 6654:9 March 6555:3751199 6471:9 March 6437:9 March 6342:4 March 6317:4 March 5981:Capital 5885:, 1996. 5477:Lincoln 5345:Related 5245:Liberia 5131:Judaism 5069:Tunisia 5044:Morocco 5034:Lebanon 4999:Bahrain 4994:Algeria 4962:Romania 4927:Denmark 4920:Slavery 4854:Vietnam 4525:Somalia 4515:Nigeria 4490:Comoros 4418:Pirates 4327:Ghilman 4260:Bristol 4150:history 4123:pirates 4012:History 3901:Peonage 3824:slavery 3789:Milgram 3770:As per 3607:Ireland 3597:Georgia 3035:improve 2963:(K,L)K+ 2956:(K,L)= 2652:Uruguay 2591:Ukraine 2581:Tunisia 2526:Senegal 2516:Romania 2464:Nigeria 2439:Moldova 2382:Iceland 2377:Hungary 2355:Germany 2350:Georgia 2340:Finland 2335:Estonia 2325:Ecuador 2320:Denmark 2315:Czechia 2300:Croatia 2253:Bolivia 2248:Belgium 2243:Austria 2233:Armenia 2228:Albania 2096:Jenkins 2091:Kennedy 2081:Pearson 2066:Einaudi 2051:Gokhale 2011:Itagaki 2006:Naoroji 2001:Mommsen 1981:Lincoln 1971:Mazzini 1956:Kossuth 1941:Broglie 1936:Bolívar 1931:Artigas 1926:Madison 1788:Spencer 1773:Emerson 1763:Bastiat 1748:Ricardo 1708:Bentham 1648:Spinoza 1605:History 1506:Private 1454:Liberty 1388:Freedom 1308:Secular 1296:Islamic 1274:Radical 1211:Schools 1082:scholar 945:product 905:slavery 734:Marxism 115: ( 113:Capital 54:in all 6645: 6624: 6605: 6581: 6561: 6553: 6545: 6514: 6493: 6462: 6423: 6128:Ethics 6115:Ethics 6009: 5987: 5868: 5811: 5636:Laogai 5393:owners 5029:Kuwait 5024:Jordan 4977:Sweden 4967:Russia 4952:Poland 4947:Norway 4769:Laogai 4754:Brunei 4749:Bhutan 4711:revolt 4684:Brazil 4647:Canada 4610:partus 4595:female 4480:Angola 4349:Coolie 4332:Mamluk 4285:Nantes 4265:Brazil 4194:Cariye 4029:Thrall 3997:Kholop 3963:Greece 3662:Sweden 3637:Norway 3612:Israel 3587:Brazil 3488:Hartal 3024:, but 2970:(K,L)L 2645:Modern 2586:Turkey 2571:Taiwan 2561:Sweden 2531:Serbia 2521:Russia 2499:Poland 2479:Panama 2474:Norway 2434:Mexico 2419:Latvia 2397:Israel 2360:Greece 2345:France 2310:Cyprus 2268:Canada 2258:Brazil 2218:Europe 2116:Macron 2061:Madero 2026:Deakin 2016:Levski 1991:Cavour 1976:Juárez 1966:Cobden 1898:Badawi 1888:Nozick 1868:Berlin 1858:Popper 1833:Keynes 1828:Ortega 1793:Arnold 1753:Guizot 1713:Korais 1678:Turgot 1638:Milton 1518:Rights 1511:Public 1420:Speech 1398:Market 1371:Gender 1318:Techno 1313:Social 1301:Jewish 1237:Equity 1084: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1055: 909:feudal 538:People 326:Topics 208:Profit 6559:S2CID 6551:JSTOR 6456:(PDF) 5708:Notes 5616:Gulag 5425:songs 5420:films 5333:] 5289:songs 5126:Islam 5104:Bible 5079:Yemen 5074:Qatar 5064:Syria 5039:Libya 5004:Egypt 4972:Spain 4942:Malta 4815:Korea 4803:Japan 4781:India 4759:China 4706:Haiti 4566:Aztec 4542:Sudan 4510:Niger 4402:Naval 4275:Dutch 4204:Qiyan 4190:Jarya 4165:Harem 4007:Serfs 3953:Egypt 3617:Malta 3498:Bandh 2771:Right 2556:Spain 2414:Japan 2402:Italy 2387:India 2330:Egypt 2278:China 2273:Chile 2111:Obama 2086:Ohlin 2021:Kemal 1878:Rawls 1853:Hayek 1843:Čapek 1823:Mises 1813:Croce 1803:Weber 1798:Acton 1728:Staël 1693:Paine 1683:Burke 1668:Smith 1643:Locke 1410:Press 1403:Trade 1376:Legal 1244:Green 1089:JSTOR 1075:books 470:Works 422:Value 6656:2023 6643:ISBN 6622:ISBN 6603:ISBN 6579:ISBN 6543:ISSN 6512:ISBN 6491:ISBN 6473:2013 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