776:, a social security scheme sustained by compulsory contributions by employer and employee, which provided the necessary capital for government projects and financial security for the country's workers in their old age. Towards the end of the 1970s, NTUC supported the government's efforts in restructuring the economy. The government changed its strategic focus from labour-intensive manufacturing to more skilled and technology-focused, causing workers without basic education to face unemployment. The labour movement started programmes for these workers so that they could have the basis to go on to skills courses.
130:(NTUC) and the Singapore government signed a Charter for Industrial Progress and a Productivity Code of Practice. In the 1960s, the tripartism institution was still weak, but the formation of the National Wages Council (NWC) in 1972 and later the Tripartite Alliance for Fair Employment Practices (TAFEP) in 2007 helped strengthen ties between the members. The tripartite was set up to strive for better working conditions for employees in Singapore and to maintain harmonious employment relations through the implementation of specific policies governing labour relations.
780:
Singapore into a quick recovery from the recession. During this period, a flexible wage system was introduced by the NTUC with full support from the labour movement. In 1990, the
Singapore Institute of Labour Studies (SILS) was set up dedicating Singapore's desire to have a labour college. The Labour Movement 2011 (LM2011) vision was launched by NTUC to push for an all-inclusive labour movement that seeks to represent workers of all colors, nationalities, and ages and those in the new and high-growth sectors that have not been reached out to before.
1180:
182:
1168:
799:
Workers from the Hock Lee
Amalgamated Bus Company started a strike on 23 April 1955 to protest against poor working conditions, long working hours and low wages. The protesters which include some Chinese students blocked buses from leaving the depots, crippling the city's entire transport system. The
756:
On 13 June 1951, the
Singapore Trade Union Congress (STUC) was established to replace the SFTU. However, the STUC split in 1961 into the left-wing Singapore Association of Trade Unions (SATU) and the non-communist National Trades Union Congress (NTUC). SATU led a general strike against the government
133:
The
Singapore General Labour Union (SGLU) was formed in October 1945 to help Singapore develop a stable employment environment in times of turmoil and uncertainty. SGLU was quickly renamed as the Singapore Federation of Trade Union (SFTU) in 1946, which eventually became the NTUC as we know it today.
855:
On 2 January 1986, 61 workers from
American oilfield equipment company Hydril voted to strike and picketed outside their factory. The two-day strike, which was sanctioned by then Secretary General of the NTUC, Ong Teng Cheong, was over the alleged victimisation and dismissal of six union members and
760:
In 1968, when the
British announced that they would be withdrawing all their military forces in Singapore by 1971, the government was faced with anxiety over Singapore's economy fearing that the retreat would leave thousands jobless. Laws were enacted to clearly delineate functions of management and
803:
Some 2,000 students and strikers were involved in the riots, which the police tried to break up with water cannons and tear gas. The crowd retaliated to the police actions by stoning policemen and buses. In total, two police officers, a student and an
American press correspondent were killed in the
752:
A month after the
Japanese forces formally surrendered Singapore to the British on 12 September 1945, the Singapore General Labour Union (SGLU) was formed. The British Military Administration was established shortly after to govern the island-colony until March 1946, working alongside the SGLU. The
764:
Changes in the labour scene brought unsettling effects on workers in the unionized sector, causing membership to drop. In response, NTUC held a seminar to discuss ways to modernize the labour movement. It resulted in a decision to set up cooperatives to help meet the social needs of their members.
137:
TAFEP works in partnership with employer organisations, unions and the government to create awareness and facilitate the adoption of fair, responsible and merit-based employment practices, providing tools and resources, including training workshops, advisory services, and educational materials, to
102:
The modernisation of the labour movement in the late 1960s has nurtured cooperation-based rather than confrontational labour relations between employees and employers. Today, rather than engaging in traditional adversarial unionism, union leaders in
Singapore also sit on major statutory boards and
883:
The strike resulted in five of the drivers who instigated the strike being charged in court. Out of the five, Bao Feng Shan was handed a six-week jail sentence for his role in the strike. Twenty-nine other drivers who participated in the illegal strike had their work permits revoked and were sent
768:
In 1965, NTUC and the government signed a
Charter for Industrial Progress and a Productivity Code of Practice. During the 1960s, the tripartism institution was still weak, but the formation of the National Wages Council (NWC) in the 1970s boosted the collaboration within the labour movement. NWC
134:
The role of NWC is to formulate wage guidelines in line with Singapore's social development and long-term economic growth. Every year, NWC convenes to discuss wage and wage-related matters, and issues guidelines pertaining to the remuneration of Singapore workers based on tripartite consensus.
842:
which was organised by executive council of the Singapore Airline Pilots' Association (SIAPA) after disputes with SIA over a series of claims. The industrial action was ruled illegal for allegedly failing to ballot members to start the industrial action. With the Ministry of Labour and the NTUC
779:
Singapore went into a recession in the mid-1980s that caused conflict between productivity and wage increases. To help the nation recover, NWC recommended the unions to forgo the 1985 wage increase and accept cuts in the employers' contributions to the Central Provident Fund (CPF). This drove
875:
into the next day by continuing the refusal to go to work. The strike was considered illegal due to the strikers' failure to give their employer 14 days' notice of their intent to go on strike, which was required by law for essential services such as transport. Kit Wei Zheng, an economist at
757:
and was banned from operation when the leaders were arrested in the Operation Coldstore. NTUC quickly became the leading trade union organization due to their effectiveness and the symbiotic relationship with the People's Action Party (PAP), which was then institutionalized by formal links.
761:
those of trade unions. NTUC endorsed the Employment Act after being assured by the government that employers would not be allowed to exploit workers. NTUC's support for the new law led to a massive inflow of foreign investments thus resulting in a rapid expansion of Singapore's economy.
99:(MOM), work together to tackle issues such as job re-creation, raising the effective retirement age, skills training and upgrading of the workforce, promotion of fair and progressive employment practices, and a flexible wage system, among other labour-related issues.
870:
On 26 November 2012, up to 171 bus drivers from mainland China, who were employed by SMRT Buses, refused to go to work in protest against the disparity in salary between them and other foreign bus captains. 88 workers carried the
856:
officials. The strike resulted in an agreement to reinstate Abdul Rahman, who was the treasurer of the Hydril branch union, as well as compensate each of the five others who were dismissed the year before.
753:
restoration process of Singapore's economy and employment conditions was facilitated by the cooperation between the two. SGLU was then renamed as the Singapore Federation of Trade Union (SFTU) in 1946.
103:
are actively involved in state policymaking, allowing them to use negotiation, conciliation and arbitration, thus eradicating strikes and other industrial action as a form of settling labour disputes.
92:
model which aims to offers competitive advantages for the country by promoting economic competitiveness, harmonious government-labour-management relations and the overall progress of the nation.
106:
Major strikes are a rare occurrence in Singapore; only two major strikes were observed in recent decades, once by shipyard workers in 1986 that was sanctioned by then NTUC secretary-general
826:
On 28 August 1960, 600 employees of Singapore Glass Manufacturers Co Ltd went on a strike that lasted 73 days due to disagreements between Singapore Glass Manufacturers and its employees.
812:
This 142-day strike paralysed the public bus system. While the grievances were over low pay, the British ownership of the STC fuelled the anticolonial sentiments of the workers.
847:
intervened in the industrial action with the result of fifteen ex-co members were charged and convicted. SIAPA was deregistered with a new union being created to replace SIAPA.
69:
1251:
996:
88:, which represents almost a million workers in the country across more than 70 unions, affiliated associations and related organisations. Singapore runs on a
126:
Tripartism in Singapore, which refers to the collaboration among Singapore unions, employers and the government, has been practised since 1965 when the
949:
149:, NTUC and the Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) have also developed an advisory since 23 December 2015 fighting workplace harassment.
926:
1515:
1212:
446:
1709:
1337:
1266:
1543:
1114:
454:
1654:
1464:
415:
1927:
1388:
880:
argued that given the increase in labour activism across the world, the fact that it had come to Singapore was unsurprising.
1286:
1027:
1885:
1225:
441:
216:
142:
1932:
1317:
1004:
865:
325:
111:
52:
1674:
1538:
1495:
1261:
587:
459:
310:
146:
96:
37:
1558:
1510:
821:
739:
662:
1410:
1357:
1205:
800:
protests further escalated into a major riot on 12 May 1955, which later came to be known as “Black Thursday”.
360:
355:
127:
81:
27:
1849:
1821:
1659:
1582:
1447:
647:
1136:
900:
1937:
1694:
1594:
1327:
1312:
1276:
622:
1684:
1425:
1347:
1342:
1844:
1352:
1332:
1246:
1158:
696:
632:
1892:
1859:
1834:
1779:
1774:
1732:
1679:
1629:
1432:
1400:
1198:
652:
380:
320:
1769:
1500:
1393:
1241:
627:
602:
330:
231:
1791:
1786:
1727:
1644:
1614:
1553:
1454:
1415:
1172:
642:
171:
95:
NTUC, along with its tripartite partners, the Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) and
1757:
1704:
1649:
1624:
1568:
1469:
1459:
1442:
1405:
1300:
884:
back to China, while over 150 drivers were let off with warning letters from the local police.
773:
769:
would review the state of the economy and offer rational recommendations on wage negotiations.
607:
577:
569:
340:
1090:
1801:
1752:
1689:
1505:
1376:
1362:
1281:
637:
597:
582:
305:
211:
1878:
1719:
1699:
1639:
1609:
1563:
1483:
1420:
1322:
1233:
686:
617:
436:
271:
241:
8:
1742:
1737:
1599:
1528:
1271:
1256:
732:
612:
266:
1901:
1806:
1796:
1747:
1664:
1619:
1604:
1548:
877:
835:
794:
515:
375:
1122:
1839:
1829:
1762:
1069:
706:
657:
592:
535:
345:
201:
1906:
1520:
1437:
1184:
691:
681:
236:
115:
1634:
711:
525:
483:
405:
191:
107:
1058:"Airline Pilots and Public Industrial Relations: The Case of Singapore Airlines"
872:
829:
725:
550:
545:
530:
493:
315:
161:
1921:
1073:
475:
410:
370:
335:
261:
971:
1811:
844:
839:
555:
520:
503:
400:
385:
350:
300:
295:
287:
221:
429:
256:
226:
206:
1057:
950:"Tripartite advisory advocates zero tolerance for workplace harassment"
701:
395:
390:
89:
1669:
1221:
1190:
510:
251:
246:
927:"Experts welcome anti-workplace harassment guidelines in Singapore"
365:
1252:
Founding of modern Singapore and early colonial period (1819–1826)
181:
1854:
843:
failing to bring a stop to the industrial action, Prime Minister
540:
807:
488:
1167:
498:
830:
1980 Singapore Airline Pilots' Association industrial action
1137:"Strike by China bus drivers tests Singapore's patience"
138:
help organisations implement fair employment practices.
815:
1156:
804:riot while many others sustained serious injuries.
1919:
859:
1206:
733:
808:1955 Singapore Traction Company (STC) strike
1267:British Military Administration (1945–1946)
1213:
1199:
788:
740:
726:
121:
1028:"Great Singapore Traction Company Strike"
1277:Self-governance of Singapore (1955–1962)
772:The labour movement then introduced the
1055:
1920:
1516:China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park
1220:
1062:Indian Journal of Industrial Relations
1194:
850:
1085:
1083:
1051:
1049:
816:1960 Singapore Glass Factory strike
416:Workers' right to access the toilet
143:Protection from Harassment Act 2014
13:
925:Aw, Cheng Wei (24 December 2015).
924:
14:
1949:
1080:
1046:
866:2012 Singapore bus drivers strike
53:International Labour Organization
1282:Merger with Malaysia (1962–1965)
1178:
1166:
1025:
783:
311:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
180:
147:Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)
59:Singapore is a member of the ILO
1262:Japanese occupation (1942–1945)
1257:Straits Settlements (1826–1942)
1129:
822:Singapore Glass Factory strikes
1272:Post-war Singapore (1946–1955)
1107:
1019:
997:"A Brief History of Singapore"
989:
964:
947:
941:
918:
893:
361:Occupational safety and health
356:Occupational safety and health
128:National Trades Union Congress
82:National Trades Union Congress
1:
887:
860:2012 SMRT wildcat bus strikes
838:' (SIA) flight crews began a
484:Chronological list of strikes
1928:Labour movement in Singapore
1287:Republic of Singapore (1965–
86:labour movement of Singapore
19:Labour movement of Singapore
7:
1710:Water supply and sanitation
10:
1954:
1655:National Courtesy Campaign
1091:"When the gloves came off"
863:
819:
792:
152:
1933:Trade unions in Singapore
1872:
1820:
1718:
1590:
1581:
1491:
1482:
1384:
1375:
1308:
1299:
1232:
447:International comparisons
381:Right to rest and leisure
321:Employment discrimination
68:
63:
58:
51:
43:
33:
23:
1389:Administrative divisions
1247:Early history (pre–1819)
1242:Archaeology in Singapore
1115:"SMRT bus driver strike"
1034:. National Library Board
1026:Chia, Joshua Yeong Jia.
232:Social movement unionism
110:, and the November 2012
24:National organization(s)
1554:Singapore Standard (SS)
1056:Leggett, Chris (1984).
901:"NTUC & Tripartism"
789:1955 Hock Lee bus riots
442:Trade union federations
437:Trade unions by country
122:Tripartism in Singapore
64:Convention ratification
1650:Long hair in Singapore
774:Central Provident Fund
341:Freedom of association
212:Exploitation of labour
84:(NTUC) spearheads the
47:Employment Act of 1968
1539:Proposed developments
326:Employment protection
306:Collective bargaining
1318:Environmental issues
1001:guidemesingapore.com
687:Industrial relations
676:Academic disciplines
272:National-syndicalism
242:Democratic socialism
97:Ministry of Manpower
38:Ministry of Manpower
34:Regulatory authority
1938:Labour in Singapore
1675:Population planning
1660:National Day Parade
1496:Economic statistics
1032:Singapore Infopedia
972:"Singapore - LABOR"
267:Anarcho-syndicalism
44:Primary legislation
20:
1665:No U-turn syndrome
1559:Telecommunications
1549:Singapore Exchange
1511:Monetary Authority
878:Citibank Singapore
851:1986 Hydril strike
836:Singapore Airlines
795:Hock Lee bus riots
376:Professional abuse
18:
1915:
1914:
1868:
1867:
1763:Singapore English
1577:
1576:
1478:
1477:
1465:Political parties
1411:Foreign relations
1371:
1370:
1119:The Straits Times
976:countrystudies.us
834:In October 1980,
750:
749:
707:Post-work society
536:Solidarity action
346:Legal working age
202:Conflict theories
78:
77:
70:Right to Organise
1945:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1595:Communitarianism
1588:
1587:
1524:
1489:
1488:
1382:
1381:
1306:
1305:
1290:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1173:Organized labour
1171:
1170:
1162:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1121:. Archived from
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1007:on 13 April 2016
1003:. Archived from
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
945:
939:
938:
936:
934:
922:
916:
915:
913:
911:
897:
742:
735:
728:
692:Labour economics
682:Critique of work
526:Pen-down strikes
237:Social democracy
184:
174:
173:Organised labour
164:
157:
156:
118:'s bus drivers.
116:SMRT Corporation
21:
17:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1864:
1816:
1714:
1695:Sex trafficking
1690:Public holidays
1635:Eat Frozen Pork
1573:
1522:
1474:
1367:
1295:
1288:
1228:
1219:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1054:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
995:
994:
990:
980:
978:
970:
969:
965:
955:
953:
952:. Straits Times
946:
942:
932:
930:
929:. Straits Times
923:
919:
909:
907:
899:
898:
894:
890:
868:
862:
853:
832:
824:
818:
810:
797:
791:
786:
746:
717:
716:
712:Refusal of work
677:
669:
668:
667:
572:
562:
561:
560:
551:Wildcat strikes
546:Whipsaw strikes
531:Sitdown strikes
478:
468:
467:
464:
432:
422:
421:
420:
406:Toxic workplace
290:
280:
279:
276:
194:
192:Labour movement
172:
162:
155:
124:
108:Ong Teng Cheong
74:25 October 1965
12:
11:
5:
1951:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1685:Public housing
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1426:Prime Minister
1423:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:Urban planning
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1188:
1187:
1175:
1154:
1153:
1128:
1125:on 2012-11-27.
1106:
1079:
1045:
1018:
988:
963:
940:
917:
891:
889:
886:
873:wildcat strike
864:Main article:
861:
858:
852:
849:
831:
828:
820:Main article:
817:
814:
809:
806:
793:Main article:
790:
787:
785:
782:
748:
747:
745:
744:
737:
730:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
709:
704:
699:
697:Labour history
694:
689:
684:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
666:
665:
660:
658:United Kingdom
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
573:
570:Labour parties
568:
567:
564:
563:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
507:
506:
501:
494:General strike
491:
486:
480:
479:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
463:
462:
457:
451:
449:
444:
439:
433:
428:
427:
424:
423:
419:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
316:Eight-hour day
313:
308:
303:
298:
292:
291:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
275:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
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219:
214:
209:
204:
198:
195:
190:
189:
186:
185:
177:
176:
168:
167:
154:
151:
123:
120:
112:wildcat strike
76:
75:
72:
66:
65:
61:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1950:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
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1893:Bibliography
1835:Coat of arms
1812:Singaporeans
1733:Architecture
1680:Prostitution
1630:Demographics
1533:
1448:Conscription
1433:Human rights
1401:Constitution
1145:. Retrieved
1143:. 2012-11-28
1140:
1131:
1123:the original
1118:
1109:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:
1068:(1): 27–43.
1065:
1061:
1036:. Retrieved
1031:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:the original
1000:
991:
979:. Retrieved
975:
966:
954:. Retrieved
948:Ho, Olivia.
943:
931:. Retrieved
920:
908:. Retrieved
904:
895:
882:
869:
854:
845:Lee Kuan Yew
840:work-to-rule
833:
825:
811:
802:
798:
778:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
556:Work-to-rule
430:Trade unions
401:Six-hour day
386:Right to sit
351:Minimum wage
301:Child labour
296:Annual leave
222:New unionism
140:
136:
132:
125:
105:
101:
94:
85:
79:
15:
1705:Social fund
1501:Agriculture
956:20 February
933:20 February
905:ntuc.org.sg
653:South Korea
633:Netherlands
628:New Zealand
257:Syndicalism
227:Proletariat
207:Decent work
1922:Categories
1792:Mass media
1787:Literature
1615:Disability
1523:(currency)
1455:Parliament
1416:Government
1338:Reservoirs
1147:2020-03-22
1100:2024-01-15
888:References
702:Labour law
511:Green bans
504:newspapers
396:Sick leave
391:Sabbatical
90:tripartism
1850:Lion head
1758:Languages
1670:OB marker
1625:Education
1569:Transport
1470:President
1406:Elections
1358:Waterways
1301:Geography
1222:Singapore
1185:Singapore
1074:0019-5286
648:Singapore
603:Hong Kong
578:Australia
331:Equal pay
252:Communism
247:Socialism
141:With the
1902:Category
1802:Religion
1753:Gambling
1544:Reserves
1506:Aviation
1443:Military
1377:Politics
1363:Wildlife
1226:articles
643:Portugal
583:Barbados
541:Walkouts
516:Lockouts
366:Overwork
217:Timeline
163:a series
160:Part of
1879:Outline
1855:Merlion
1822:Symbols
1780:history
1775:culture
1743:Cuisine
1720:Culture
1700:Smoking
1640:Five Cs
1610:Driving
1583:Society
1564:Tourism
1521:Dollar
1484:Economy
1421:Cabinet
1328:Islands
1323:Geology
1313:Beaches
1289:present
1234:History
1159:Portals
1141:Reuters
1038:12 July
608:Ireland
598:Georgia
153:History
1907:Portal
1860:Pledge
1845:Flower
1830:Anthem
1807:Sports
1738:Cinema
1645:Health
1600:Caning
1534:Labour
1529:Energy
1460:Police
1343:Rivers
1224:
1072:
1011:3 June
981:3 June
910:3 June
663:Sweden
638:Norway
613:Israel
588:Brazil
489:Hartal
145:, the
1886:Index
1797:Music
1748:Dance
1620:Women
1605:Crime
1333:Parks
1095:TODAY
618:Malta
499:Bandh
1840:Flag
1770:LGBT
1070:ISSN
1040:2024
1013:2015
983:2015
958:2016
935:2016
912:2015
593:Fiji
460:WFTU
455:ITUC
80:The
28:NTUC
1728:Art
1438:Law
114:by
1924::
1139:.
1117:.
1093:.
1082:^
1066:20
1064:.
1060:.
1048:^
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999:.
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166:on
1291:)
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960:.
937:.
914:.
741:e
734:t
727:v
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