Ladakh - Knowledge

103: 1228: 3501: 859: 2065: 919: 3878: 1236: 2700: 2143:) is the largest wild sheep species in the world, standing 1.1 to 1.2 metres (3.5 to 4 ft) at the shoulder, possessing very large, curled horns measuring 900–1,000 mm (35–39 in). It is distributed on the Tibetan Plateau and its marginal ranges, encompassing a total home range of 2.5 million km (0.97 million sq mi); however, there is only a small population, of about 400 animals, in Ladakh. Unlike other mountain sheep and goat species, the argali prefers open, grassy fields and rolling hills as it prefers to run, rather than climb into steep terrain, to flee from danger. The endangered 3571: 2711: 3595: 3950: 4174:(subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories."; 1758: 3938: 1656: 3373: 3902: 1107: 3554: 1539: 1327: 1297: 3962: 63: 881: 9437: 743: 1046: 2288: 1312: 5376:: "While the whole of Ladakh and adjacent regions were originally populated by speakers of Eastern Iranian (Scythian), Lower Ladakh (as well as Baltistan) was also subject to several immigration waves of Indoaryan (Dardic) speakers and other groups from Central Asia. Upper Ladakh and the neighbouring regions to the east, by contrast, seem to have been populated additionally by speakers of a non-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman language, namely West Himalayan (Old Zhangzhung;...)." 1074: 3914: 3890: 3926: 74: 3460: 4354:

Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."

3726: 1160: 1200:, many Buddhist temples and artefacts were damaged. Ali Sher Khan took the king and his soldiers as captives. Jamyang Namgyal was later restored to the throne by Ali Sher Khan and given the hand of a Muslim princess in marriage. Her name was Gyal Khatun or Argyal Khatoom. She was to be the first queen and her son was to become the next ruler. Historical accounts differ upon who her father was. Some identify Ali's ally and Raja of 1062: 3452: 2819: 2788: 2181: 1352: 2016: 1766: 1774: 1735: 2173: 809:. Sandwiched between Kashmir and Zhangzhung, Ladakh is believed to have been alternatively under the control of one or other of these powers. Academics find strong influences of Zhangzhung language and culture in "upper Ladakh" (from the middle section of the Indus valley to the southeast). The penultimate king of Zhangzhung is said to have been from Ladakh. 4197:(subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state."; 1988:. Its highest point is about 6,700 m (22,000 ft) and the northern slopes are heavily glaciated. The region comprising the valley of the Shayok and Nubra rivers is known as Nubra. The Karakoram Range in Ladakh is not as mighty as in Baltistan. The massifs to the north and east of the Nubra–Siachen line include the 4230:

C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in

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The situation between the two nations was complicated by the 1957–1959 uprising by Tibetans against Chinese rule. Refugees poured across the Indian border, and the Indian public was outraged. Any compromise with China on the border issue became impossible. Similarly, China was offended that India

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The sex ratio for Leh district declined from 1011 females per 1000 males in 1951 to 805 in 2001, while for Kargil district it declined from 970 to 901. The urban sex ratio in both the districts is about 640. The adult sex ratio reflects large numbers of mostly male seasonal and migrant labourers and

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Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir

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to take decisions on economic development, healthcare, education, land use, taxation, and local governance which are further reviewed at the block headquarters in the presence of the chief executive councillor and executive councillors. The government of Jammu and Kashmir looks after law and order,

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Scant precipitation makes Ladakh a high-altitude desert with extremely scarce vegetation over most of its area. Natural vegetation mainly occurs along water courses and on high altitude areas that receive more snow and cooler summer temperatures. Human settlements, however, are richly vegetated due

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is in the eastern Karakoram Range in the Himalaya Mountains along the disputed India-Pakistan border. The Karakoram Range forms a great watershed that separates China from the Indian subcontinent and is sometimes called the "Third Pole." The glacier lies between the Saltoro Ridge immediately to the

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Territorial Dispute: The situation along the Sino-Indian frontier continued to worsen. In late July (1959), an Indian reconnaissance patrol was blocked, "apprehended," and eventually expelled after three weeks in custody at the hands of a larger Chinese force near Khurnak Fort in Aksai Chin. ...

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tradition of Buddhism, holds an annual masked dance festival, as do all major Ladakhi monasteries. The dances typically narrate a story of the fight between good and evil, ending with the eventual victory of the former. Weaving is an important part of traditional life in eastern Ladakh. Both women

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Indus river flowing in the Ladakh region is endowed with vast hydropower potential. Solar and wind power potentials are also substantial. Though the region is a remote hilly area without all-weather roads, the area is also rich in limestone deposits to manufacture cement from the locally available

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The regions on the north flank of the Himalayas – Dras, the Suru valley and Zangskar – experience heavy snowfall and remain cut-off from the rest of the region for several months during the year, just as the entire region remains isolated by road from the rest of the country. Summers are

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use to obtain large allocation of annual funds from the union government based on the fact that the large geographical area of the Ladakh (comprising 65% of total area), but Ladakh was allocated only 2% of the state budget based on its relative population. Within the first year of the formation of

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Leh was initially chosen to be the headquarters of the new division however, following protests, it was announced that Leh and Kargil will jointly serve as the divisional headquarters, each hosting an Additional Divisional Commissioner to assist the Divisional Commissioner and Inspector General of

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Islam begins to take root in the Leh area in the beginning of the 17th century after the Balti invasion and the marriage of Gyal to Jamyang. A large group of Muslim servants and musicians were sent along with Gyal to Ladakh and private mosques were built where they could pray. The Muslim musicians

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Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions:

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According to the 2001 census, the overall literacy rate in Leh District is 62% (72% for males and 50% for females), and in Kargil District 58% (74% for males and 41% for females). Traditionally there was little or nothing by way of formal education except in the monasteries. Usually, one son from

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is another unique mountain sheep that inhabits the mountains of Ladakh. The population is declining, however, and there are not more than 3,000 individuals left in Ladakh. The urial is endemic to Ladakh, where it is distributed only along two major river valleys, namely the Indus and Shayok. The

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during this period, cutting the journey time between Srinagar and Leh from 16 days to two. The route, however, remains closed during the winter months due to heavy snowfall. Construction of a 6.5 km (4.0 mi) tunnel across Zoji La pass is under consideration to make the route functional

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for showing disrespect to him. The sheikh then went to Ladakh and proselytised many people to Islam. In 1505, Shamsuddin Iraqi, a noted Shia scholar, visited Kashmir and Baltistan. He helped in spreading Shia Islam in Kashmir and converted the overwhelming majority of Muslims in Baltistan to his

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of Kashmir and Ladák published in 1890 Compiled under the direction of the Quarter Master General in India in the Intelligence Branch in fact unequivocally states inter alia in pages 520 and 364 that Khotán is "a province in the Chinese Empire lying to the north of the Eastern Kuenlun (Kun Lun)

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Joint Commissioner with a British officer) of Baltistan and Ladakh ordered that every family with more than one child should send one of them to school. This order met with great resistance from the local people who feared that the children would be forced to convert to Christianity. The school

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too joined the contest for Xinjiang soon afterwards. Baltistan and Ladakh were at the centre of these struggles. Academics infer from the slant of Ladakhi chronicles that Ladakh may have owed its primary allegiance to Tibet during this time, but that it was more political than cultural. Ladakh

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have stations in Leh that broadcast local content for a few hours a day. Beyond that, Ladakhis produce feature films that are screened in auditoriums and community halls. They are often made on fairly modest budgets. On 14 December 2021, the first FM radio station in Ladakh was established in

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of 1679–1684. Kashmiri historians assert that the king converted to Islam in return for the assistance by Mughal Empire after this, however, Ladakhi chronicles do not mention such a thing. The king agreed to pay tribute to the Mughals in return for defending the kingdom. The Mughals, however,

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taught Tibetan, Urdu, English, Geography, Sciences, Nature study, Arithmetic, Geometry and Bible study. It is still in existence today. The first local school to provide western education was opened by a local Society called "Lamdon Social Welfare Society" in 1973. Later, with support from

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with leafy greens and vegetables. As Ladakh moves toward a cash-based economy, foods from the plains of India are becoming more common. As in other parts of Central Asia, tea in Ladakh is traditionally made with strong green tea, butter, and salt. It is mixed in a large churn and known as

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is a mountain goat that is distributed in the western part of Ladakh. It is the second-most abundant mountain ungulate in the region, with a population of about 6,000 individuals. It is adapted to rugged areas where it easily climbs near-vertical rock faces when threatened. The Ladakhi

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in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicised usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below).

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Since 1974, the Indian Government has encouraged a shift in trekking and other tourist activities from the troubled Kashmir region to the relatively unaffected areas of Ladakh. Although tourism employs only 4% of Ladakh's working population, it now accounts for 50% of the region's

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Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";

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were three important Sufi missionaries who propagated Islam to the locals. Mir Sayyid Ali was the first one to make Muslim converts in Ladakh and is often described as the founder of Islam in Ladakh. Several mosques were built in Ladakh during this period, including in Mulbhe,

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in Kargil, or the Zangskaris, but they are all mutually comprehensible. Most Ladakhi people (especially the younger generations) speak fluently in English and in Hindi too, due to the languages education at school. Administrative work and education are carried out in English.

1609:. Out of the 857-kilometre-long (533 mi) border in Ladakh, only 368 km (229 mi) is the International Border, and the remaining 489 km (304 mi) is the Line of Actual Control. The stand-off involving the most troops was in September 2014 in the disputed 3704:) had for many years been around 85%–95%, while of those managing to scrape through, barely half succeeded in qualifying for college entrance (class XII). Before 1993, students were taught in Urdu until they were 14, after which the medium of instruction shifted to English. 3586:

were common in Ladakh until the early 1940s when these were made illegal by the government of Jammu and Kashmir. However, the practice remained in existence into the 1990s especially among the elderly and the more isolated rural populations. Another custom is known as

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west and the main Karakoram Range to the east. At 76 km (47 mi) long, it is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas. It falls from an altitude of 5,753 m (18,875 ft) above sea level at its source at

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Archery is a traditional sport in Ladakh, and many villages hold archery festivals, which are as much about traditional dancing, drinking and gambling, as they are about the sport. The sport is conducted with strict etiquette, to the accompaniment of the music of

1953:(but not Kargil), are close to the Indus River. After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, the stretch of the Indus flowing through Ladakh became the only part of this river, which is greatly venerated in the Hindu religion and culture, that still flows through India. 2642:

announced the formation of 5 new districts, namely Zanskar, Drass, Sham, Nubra, and Changthang in Ladakh to ease administration and increase representation by the year 2028. With this move, the total number of districts in Ladakh will increase from two to seven.

2008:(7,202 m or 23,629 ft). North of the Karakoram lies the Kunlun. Thus, between Leh and eastern Central Asia there is a triple barrier – the Ladakh Range, Karakoram Range, and Kunlun. Nevertheless, a major trade route was established between Leh and 946: 543:

In the past, Ladakh gained importance from its strategic location at the crossroads of important trade routes, but as Chinese authorities closed the borders between Tibet Autonomous Region and Ladakh in the 1960s, international trade dwindled. Since 1974, the

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which the Indian government ordered was to be respected and which was not crossed by Indian troops. The Indian government was criticised by the Indian public because India respected geographical co-ordinates more than India's opponents: Pakistan and China.

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with its two campuses (One each in Kargil & Leh) and its constituent colleges enables students to pursue higher education without having to leave Ladakh. A central University has also been approved to be set up in Ladakh by the Union Cabinet. The

3591:, or 'little house', in which the elders of a family, as soon as the eldest son has sufficiently matured, retire from participation in affairs, yielding the headship of the family to him and taking only enough of the property for their own sustenance. 5414:, pp. 12–15: "Ladakh's geographical position leaves no room for doubt that its ancient caravan routes must have often served as a path first for conquest and then for retreat of the opposing armies as they alternated between victory and defeat." 7021: 7814: 1039:), but in the Tibetan language it was interpreted to mean "lowland" (the lowland of Ngari). Maryul remained staunchly Buddhist during this period, having participated in the second diffusion of Buddhism from India to Tibet via Kashmir and Zanskar. 1668:, while some people in Kargil opposed union territory status for Ladakh. The first organised agitation was launched against Kashmir's "dominance" in the year 1964. In late 1980s, a much larger mass agitation was launched to press their demand for 3699:

Schools are well distributed throughout Ladakh but 75% of them provide only primary education. 65% of children attend school, but absenteeism of both students and teachers remains high. In both districts the failure rate at school-leaving level

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and some international organisations, the school, now known as Lamdon Model Senior Secondary School, has grown to accommodate approximately two thousand pupils in several branches. It prides itself on preserving Ladakhi tradition and culture.

3184:), with a total population of 140,802, while that of Leh is 66.40% Buddhist, with a total population of 133,487, as per the 2011 census. In 2024, 5 new districts were created. Currently Buddhism is the majority faith in five of the districts- 7326: 4330:

Circumstances worsened further in October 1959, when a major class at Kongka Pass in eastern Ladakh led to nine dead and ten captured Indian border personnel, making it by far the most serious Sino-Indian class since India's independence.

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animal is often persecuted by farmers, whose crops are allegedly damaged by flocks of urial. Its population declined dramatically in the late twentieth century, due to indiscriminate shooting by hunters along the Leh-Srinagar Highway.

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later settled in Leh. Several hundred Baltis migrated to the kingdom and according to oral tradition many Muslim traders were granted land to settle. Many other Muslims were invited over the following years for various purposes.

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had given political asylum to the Dalai Lama when he fled across the border in March 1959. In late 1959, there were shots fired between border patrols operating along both the ill-defined McMahon Line and in the Aksai Chin.

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of Ladák" and "The eastern range forms the southern boundary of Khotán, and is crossed by two passes, the Yangi or Elchi Díwan, crossed in 1865 by Johnson and the Hindútak Díwan, crossed by Robert Schlagentweit in

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59/1 It was, however, conquered and annexed in 1834–1841 by Gulab Singh of Jammu—the unwarlike Ladakhis, even with nature fighting on their side, and against indifferent generalship, being no match for the Dogra

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The people of Ladakh had been demanding Ladakh to be constituted as a separate territory since 1930s, because of perceived unfair treatment by Kashmir and Ladakh's cultural differences with predominantly Muslim

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Programmes by the government, local and international organisations are working to develop and rejuvenate this traditional system of healing. Efforts are underway to preserve the intellectual property rights of

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which contained provisions to reconstitute Ladakh as a union territory, separate from the rest of Jammu and Kashmir on 31 October 2019. Under the terms of the act, the union territory is administered by a

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Vegetation is extremely sparse in Ladakh except along streambeds and wetlands, on high slopes, and irrigated places. About 1250 plant species, including crops, were reported from Ladakh. The plant

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between India, Pakistan and China. Ladakh has 59,146 km (22,836 sq mi) of area controlled by India and 72,971 km (28,174 sq mi) of area controlled by Pakistan under

8653: 8158: 6199: 5165:: "Under Aurangzeb (1659–1707), Mughal suzerainty was also acknowledged by Ladakh ('Great Tibet') in 1665, though it was contested in 1681–3 by the Oirat or Kalmuk (Qalmaq) rulers of Tibet." 3578:

A feature of Ladakhi society that distinguishes it from the rest of the state is the high status and relative emancipation enjoyed by women compared to other rural parts of India. Fraternal

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means "victorious" in several Tibetan languages). The Namgyals repelled most Central Asian raiders and temporarily extended the kingdom as far as Nepal. During the Balti invasion led by

989:(to the southwest of Ladakh). This three-way division of Nyimagon's empire was recognised as historic and remembered in the chronicles of all the three regions as a founding narrative. 1688:

acting on behalf of the Central Government of India and does not have an elected legislative assembly or chief minister. Each district within the union territory continues to elect an

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Trekking in Zanskar & Ladakh: Nubra Valley, Tso Moriri & Pangong Lake, Step By step Details of Every Trek: a Most Authentic & Colourful Trekkers' guide with maps 2001–2002

7097: 6650: 1562:. Extensive operations were launched in high altitudes by the Indian Army with considerable artillery and air force support. Pakistani troops were evicted from the Indian side of the 7622: 5960: 7875: 3714:(SECMOL) launched Operation New Hope (ONH), a campaign to provide "culturally appropriate and locally relevant education" and make government schools more functional and effective. 6576: 6859:

Namgail, T.; Bagchi, S.; Bhatnagar, Y.V.; Wangchuk, R. (2005). "Occurrence of the Tibetan sand fox Vulpes ferrilata Hodgson in Ladakh: A new record for the Indian sub-Continent".

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chanting, performed without metrical timing, is accompanied by resonant drums and low, sustained syllables. Religious mask dances are an important part of Ladakh's cultural life.

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merchants. About 84% of Ladakh's population lives in villages. The average annual population growth rate from 1981 to 2001 was 2.75% in Leh District and 2.83% in Kargil district.

2031:) has been attributed to abnormal rain patterns and retreating glaciers, both of which have been found to be linked to global climate change. The Leh Nutrition Project, headed by 1570:

The Ladakh region was divided into the Kargil and Leh districts in 1979. In 1989, there were violent riots between Buddhists and Muslims. Following demands for autonomy from the

11249: 10977: 7405: 6126: 3961: 2084:, growing up to 6,150 metres (20,180 ft) above sea level, was first described here and named after this region. The first European to study the wildlife of this region was 6600:

Namgail, T. (2006). Trans-Himalayan large herbivores: status, conservation, and niche relationships. Report submitted to the Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, New York.

6515: 4481: 8034: 6029: 8198: 9250: 7461: 4856: 623:(12%) with the remaining 2% made of other religions. Ladakh is one of the most sparsely populated regions in India. Its culture and history are closely related to those of 4375:

Quote: "Kashmir's identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised "Line of Control" still separating Pakistani-held Azad ("Free") Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";

5729:, ed. John Bray. Supplement to Rivista Orientali, pp. 59–79; (2) Emmer, Gerhard(2007) "Dga' ldan tshe dbang dpal bzang po and the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War of 1679–84," in 5725:

See the following studies (1) Halkias, T. Georgios(2009) "Until the Feathers of the Winged Black Raven Turn White: Sources for the Tibet-Bashahr Treaty of 1679–1684," in

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There are about 1,800 km (1,100 mi) of roads in Ladakh of which 800 km (500 mi) are surfaced. The majority of roads in Ladakh are looked after by the

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is the highest peak in the Saser Muztagh, the easternmost subrange of the Karakoram Range in India, Saser Kangri I having an altitude of 7,672 m (25,171 ft).

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Yabgo Shey Gilazi as her father, while others identify Ali himself as the father. In the early 17th century efforts were made to restore the destroyed artefacts and

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has no major peaks; its average height is a little less than 6,000 m (20,000 ft), and few of its passes are less than 5,000 m (16,000 ft). The

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which generally denies passage of any monsoon clouds. The main source of water is the winter snowfall on the mountains. Recent flooding in the region (e.g., the

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Quote: Ladakh, the Persian transliteration of the Tibetan La-dvags, is warranted by the pronunciation of the word in several Tibetan districts. The terminal

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Antiquities of Indian Tibet. Vol. 1: Personal Narrative; Vol. 2: The Chronicles of Ladak and Minor Chronicles, texts and translations, with Notes and Maps

8132: 5901: 5733:, eds. Uradyn Bulag, Hildegard Diemberger, Leiden, Brill, pp. 81–107; (3) Ahmad, Zahiruddin (1968) "New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War of 1679–84." 1227: 11492: 11203: 10970: 4964: 2760:. However, since the Chinese Government closed the borders between Tibet Autonomous Region and Ladakh, this international trade has completely dried up. 9384:

Zeisler, Bettina. (2010). "East of the Moon and West of the Sun? Approaches to a Land with Many Names, North of Ancient India and South of Khotan." In:

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in the Ladakh region, although it is not found in some parts of Zangskar and Sham areas. The bharal is one of the preferred choices of prey of the rare

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Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."

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Travels in the Himalayan Provinces of Hindustan and the Panjab; in Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz, and Bokhara ... from 1819 to 1825

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held in Leh every year since 2012. Held at a height of 11,500 to 17,618 feet (3,505 to 5,370 m), it is one of the world's highest marathons.

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in December 1684. The Treaty of Tingmosgang in 1684 settled the dispute between Tibet and Ladakh but severely restricted Ladakh's independence.

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The Roof of the World: Being the Narrative of a Journey over the high plateau of Tibet to the Russian Frontier and the Oxus sources on Pamir.

7705: 6879: 6611: 4031:, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh. Additionally, it has 5,180 km (2,000 sq mi) of area controlled by China under 2046:

The Zanskar (along with its tributaries) is the primary waterway of the region. The Zanskar freezes solid during the winter, and the famous

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Halkias, Georgios (2009) "Until the Feathers of the Winged Black Raven Turn White: Sources for the Tibet-Bashahr Treaty of 1679–1684", in

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as an integral part of the religion. These chants are complex, often recitations of sacred texts or in celebration of various festivals.

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All of Indian Ladakh is placed in high risk Zone VIII, while areas from Kargil and Zanskar southwestward are in lower risk zones on the

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in Leh is the oldest institution in this reason which mainly focuses on Buddhist philosophy but also offer degrees in different fields.

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Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar of the IATS, 2003. Volume 9: The Mongolia-Tibet Interface: Opening New Research Terrains in Inner Asia

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German, Dmitry A.; Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. (1 December 2010). "Nomenclatural novelties in miscellaneous Asian Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)".

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districts now each have their own locally elected Hill Councils with some control over local policy and development funds. In 1991, a

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Habitat segregation between sympatric Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur in the Indian Trans-Himalaya

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has been the traditional health system of Ladakh for over a thousand years. This school of traditional healing contains elements of

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The two autonomous district councils continue to exist following the formation of the union territory of Ladakh on 31 October 2019.

11165: 8202: 7528: 1286:, the Tibetans attacked again in 1684. The Tibetans were victorious and concluded a treaty with Ladakh then they retreated back to 9046: 7375: 6421: 5105: 4848: 4603: 4420: 9020:"Historic Ruins in the Gya Valley, Eastern Ladakh, and a Consideration of Their Relationship to the History of Ladakh and Maryul" 7471: 5531: 2722:

The land is irrigated by a system of channels which funnel water from the ice and snow of the mountains. The principal crops are

8284: 8224: 7929: 3337:, is the predominant mother-tongue of Kargil district. Within Ladakh, there is a range of dialects, so that the language of the 2039:

short, though they are long enough to grow crops; summer weather is dry and pleasant. Peak temperatures range from 3 to 35

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Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."

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and wheat. Rice was previously a luxury in the Ladakhi diet, but, subsidised by the government, has now become a cheap staple.

2316: 2161:), a natural fibre of some of the finest quality. The wool of the Tibetan antelope is prized for its lightweight feel and as a 1123: 226: 3949: 3877: 3760:, in a written response has stated in Parliament that the Government of India has approved to establish a Medical College and 858: 11527: 11512: 10986: 10852: 10358: 9332: 9070: 8987: 8965: 8945: 8865: 8833: 7898: 6880:"Small mammalian herbivores as mediators of plant community dynamics in the high-altitude arid rangelands of Trans-Himalayas" 6452: 6357: 5855: 5816: 5397: 5370: 5275: 5212: 5186: 5144: 5081: 5043: 4747: 4390: 4369: 4347: 4299: 4279: 4246: 4212: 3715: 3433:) is common now, made in the Indian style with milk and sugar. Most of the surplus barley that is produced is fermented into 2215:, which sometimes preys on the livestock of the Ladakhis, is the most persecuted amongst the predators. There are also a few 671: 8857: 8433: 8385: 5137:

History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. V — Development in contrast: From the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century

4537: 2207:, is another rare cat that preys on smaller herbivores in Ladakh. It is mostly found in Nubra, Changthang and Zangskar. The 2064: 9562: 9060: 5700: 2748:

A minority of Ladakhi people were also employed as merchants and caravan traders, facilitating trade in textiles, carpets,

1073: 420: 5565: 11497: 11353: 11175: 9557: 7788: 4185: 754:

times. Ladakh's earliest inhabitants consisted of nomads known as Kampa. Later settlements were established by Mons from

509: 112: 6988:"Ladakh mountaineer successfully summits Mt Everest | the Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh | India" 4503: 1495:

to India, and military operations were initiated to counter the invasion. The wartime conversion of the pony trail from

918: 11433: 11218: 9541: 8035:"Lalit Group Organises Polo Tourney in Drass, Celebrating 100 Years, Sports Events Imperative To Showcase Talent: Omar" 6319: 5986: 5845: 3937: 3788: 2312: 1391: 1346: 1148: 1027:

founded by Palgyigon lasted five centuries, being weakened towards its end by the conquests of the Mongol/Mughal noble

9301:

Where Three Empires Meet: A Narrative of Recent Travel in: Kashmir, Western Tibet, Gilgit, and the adjoining countries

8679: 6323: 4671: 1491:

invaded in October and had reached Ladakh. To get defence assistance from India, Singh was told by Nehru to sign the

10872: 9603: 9373: 9358: 9239: 9100: 9031: 9009: 8904: 8879: 7762: 6959: 6932: 5789: 5762: 5710: 5683: 5656: 5629: 5602: 5575: 5541: 5516: 5483: 4675: 4322: 4111: 2200: 1902:

is the highest inhabited region in the Suru valley, after which the valley rises to 4,400 m (14,400 ft) at

1139:, the capital of Ladakh. His principal disciple, Sayyid Muhammad Nur Baksh also propagated Islam to Ladakhis and the 8354: 3707:

As of January 2022, there were 904 Government run schools in Ladakh and 113 publicly run private schools in Ladakh

2745:

lake, at 4,600 m (15,100 ft), which has what are widely considered to be the highest fields in the world.

1742:

Ladakh is the highest plateau in India with most of it being over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). It extends from the

9426: 9279: 9141: 3750: 1326: 5752: 10810: 10754: 10713: 9675: 9526: 7208: 6949: 6728:"Perceived conflicts between pastoralism and conservation of the Kiang Equus kiang in the Ladakh Trans- Himalaya" 5779: 3742: 3729: 3512:, which is played only on natural ice generally mid-December through mid-February. Cricket is also very popular. 2829: 2822: 2812: 2680: 1266: 7589: 6377: 5619: 5592: 5010: 1883:(5,000–5,500 m or 16,400–18,000 ft) and increase toward southeast, culminating in the twin summits of 1605:

forces from China have, since the 1962 Sino-Indian War, had frequent stand-offs along the Ladakh portion of the

1178:

during his invasion although Shia Islam and Noorbakshia Islam continued to flourish in other regions of Ladakh.

965:. After the death of Nyimagon, his kingdom was divided among his three sons, Palgyigon receiving Ladakh, Rutog, 8136: 7115: 5646: 5445: 3662:

in Leh is an institute for research into traditional medicine and a hospital providing traditional treatments.

1235: 715:

It has also been called Ma-Lo-Pho (by Hiuen Tsang) or Lal Bhumi. Names in the local language include Kanchapa (

599:

river valleys. The main populated regions are the river valleys, but the mountain slopes also support pastoral

7986: 6149:"Article 370 revoked Updates: Jammu & Kashmir is now a Union Territory, Lok Sabha passes bifurcation bill" 1296: 10734: 10446: 9123: 7735: 3157: 2324: 2211:, which looks somewhat like a house cat, is very rare in Ladakh and not much is known about the species. The 1685: 1356: 1171: 239: 17: 8742: 7293: 7194: 7130:"Kashmir updates: Rajya Sabha passes bill that divides J&K, Ladakh with 125 votes in favour, 61 against" 6987: 11190: 10456: 9665: 9478: 9470: 9404: 9313: 9266:

In Islam-Tibet: Interactions along the Musk Routes, eds. Anna Akasoy et al. Ashgate Publications, 231–252.

7503: 6100: 3993: 3608: 2203:

in central Ladakh is an especially good habitat for this predator as it has abundant prey populations. The

2085: 2043:(37 to 95 °F) in the summer and minimums range from −20 to −35 °C (−4 to −31 °F) in winter. 1650: 9251:

Until the Feathers of the Winged Black Raven Turn White: Sources for the Tibet-Bashahr Treaty of 1679–1684

9131:

The Northern Barrier of India: a popular account of the Jammoo and Kashmir Territories with Illustrations.

8794: 8712: 7848: 1518:, blocking old trade routes. In 1955 China began to build roads connecting Xinjiang and Tibet through the 1174:

who invaded and briefly conquered Ladakh in 1532, 1545 and 1548, does not record any presence of Islam in

11155: 10924: 9635: 5033: 3983: 2610: 2336: 1689: 1634: 1613:

region when 800 to 1,000 Indian troops and 1,500 Chinese troops came into close proximity to each other.

1602: 203: 4445: 3901: 3594: 10828: 10749: 10718: 9598: 9487: 8896: 7074: 3772: 2804: 2800: 2660: 1598: 1559: 1503:

by army engineers permitted tanks to move up and successfully capture the pass. The advance continued.

1364: 1360: 415: 196: 8071:"Traditonal [sic] Polo in Drass, Ladakh | Himanshu Khagta – Travel Photographer in India" 7353: 5417: 4672:"Kashmir options. Maps showing the options and pitfalls of possible solutions. The Future of Kashmir?" 4156: 2035:—also known as the "Glacier Man"—creates artificial glaciers as one solution for retreating glaciers. 1147:

is named after him and his followers are only found in Baltistan and Ladakh. During his youth, Sultan

630:

Ladakh was established as a union territory of India on 31 October 2019, following the passage of the

11482: 11439: 10489: 9521: 8768: 4739: 4062: 3776: 2796: 1805: 1704: 1471: 1186: 1101: 635: 11234: 8926: 6546: 5438:"A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus" 4727: 4709: 10760: 10739: 9627: 8110: 7319:"LAC stand-off: BRO's new highway untraceable by enemy, saves hours and gives 365-day connectivity" 5991: 5338: 3628:

of Tibetan Buddhism. For centuries, the only medical system accessible to the people have been the

2808: 2298: 1311: 540:

plains, is claimed by the Indian Government as part of Ladakh, but has been under Chinese control.

218: 160: 7559: 7014:"New J&K to be like Puducherry: Here is how India's new Union territory J&K will function" 6677:"Distributional correlates of the Tibetan gazelle in northern India: Towards a recovery programme" 2852:

has been operating AN-32 air courier service to transport the locals during the winter seasons to

2103:, who carried out a massive expedition there in the 1870s. There are many lakes in Ladakh such as 10877: 10862: 10584: 9705: 9436: 8411: 5319:, the road is very difficult, with cold wind and flying snow; thus one arrives in the kingdom of 5178:

Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet: And of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa

4949: 3558: 2684: 1930:. The region experiences heavy snowfall; the Pensi-la is open only between June and mid-October. 1630: 1119: 501: 1871:

The mountain ranges in this region were formed over 45 million years by the folding of the

1170:

It is unclear what happened to Islam after this period and it seems to have received a setback.

1031:. Throughout this period the region was called "Maryul", possibly from the original proper name 10914: 10744: 10693: 7645:"Kargil District Population Census 2011-2020, Jammu and Kashmir literacy sex ratio and density" 6153: 4643:/ləˈdɑːki/ A native or inhabitant of Ladakh, a district of eastern Kashmir. Attested use: 1911 4236: 3570: 2868:

landed a 17-seater aircraft at the airport, in presence of dignitaries like the Chief Minister

2769: 2688: 1696: 1606: 248: 8935: 8078: 7959: 7644: 6922: 5806: 5737:, XVIII, 3, pp. 340–361; (4) Petech, Luciano(1947) "The Tibet-Ladakhi Moghul War of 1681–83." 5504: 5471: 5387: 5358: 5323:". Petech states, "geographically speaking, the region thus indicated is unmistakably Ladakh." 5265: 4359: 4337: 4202: 3913: 2710: 2699: 11396: 11337: 10776: 9536: 9531: 9327: 9019: 8997: 8869: 8821: 8605: 5673: 5202: 5176: 4972: 4380: 4269: 4032: 1375: 663: 9353:. Oxford University Press. 1st edition 1963. 2nd revised edition 1996. 3rd impression 2001. 8975: 7675:"Leh District Population Census 2011-2020, Jammu and Kashmir literacy sex ratio and density" 7161:"लद्दाख की अपनी होगी खाकी, जम्मू-कश्मीर पुलिस भी दिल्ली की तरह उप राज्यपाल को करेगी रिपोर्ट" 6050: 5071: 1761:

The confluence of the Indus (flowing left-to-right) and Zanskar (coming in from top) rivers.

1708:

Ladakh as separate union territory, its annual budget allocation has increased 4 times from

873:. The border between Ladakh/Maryul and Guge-Purang is shown in a thin dotted line, north of 712:

and other trans-Himalayan states in Kashmir's vicinity were referred to as "Little Tibets".

11502: 10887: 10484: 9971: 9419: 9105: 8980:

Art and Architecture in Ladakh: Cross-cultural Transmissions in the Himalayas and Karakoram

8012: 7674: 6626: 6562:"Winter Habitat Partitioning between Asiatic Ibex and Blue Sheep in Ladakh, Northern India" 5363:

Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax

5129: 5073:

Art and Architecture in Ladakh: Cross-cultural Transmissions in the Himalayas and Karakoram

3842:

Some publications that cover Jammu and Kashmir as a whole provide some coverage of Ladakh.

3737: 3539:

Polo, popular among the Baltis, is an annual affair in the Dras region of Kargil district.

1911: 1531: 1387: 1275: 1197: 1127: 1028: 893: 750:

Rock carvings found in many parts of Ladakh indicate that the area has been inhabited from

395: 257: 9154:

Gielen, U. P. 1998. "Gender roles in traditional Tibetan cultures". In L. L. Adler (Ed.),

1695:

The demand for Ladakh as separate union territory was first raised by the parliamentarian

1554:, saw infiltration by Pakistani troops into parts of Western Ladakh, namely Kargil, Dras, 828:), a struggle that lasted three centuries. Zhangzhung fell victim to Tibet's ambitions in 8: 10679: 10451: 10394: 9854: 9685: 9303:. Longmans, Green, and Co., London. Reprint: Ch'eng Wen Publishing Company, Taipei. 1971. 8639: 6612:"Habitat shift and time budget of the Tibetan argali: the influence of livestock grazing" 6391: 5113:, Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, p. 22 – via academia.edu 3847: 3816:, a biweekly newspaper in English, is the only print media published by and for Ladakhis. 3768: 3509: 3189: 2639: 2442: 2089: 1860:, including Aling Kangri and Mavang Kangri, continuing southeastward toward northwestern 1757: 1729: 1680: 978: 545: 10955: 9133:

1st edition: Edward Stanford, London. Reprint: Light & Life Publishers, Jammu. 1971.

8251:"Modi govt to promote Tibetan healing system with AIIMS-like Sowa-Rigpa hospital in Leh" 7532: 6630: 4904:"Government planning to redraw Jammu and Kashmir assembly constituency borders: Sources" 11456: 10664: 10644: 10569: 10559: 10438: 9966: 9640: 9572: 9491: 9110:

Ladak: Physical, Statistical, and Historical; with notices of the surrounding countries

8914: 8684: 7617: 7379: 6826: 6752: 6727: 6642: 6534: 6417: 6024: 5955: 5906: 4965:"Ladakh: the good, bad and ugly sides to India's 'Little Tibet', high in the Himalayas" 4802: 4697: 4592: 4409: 4144: 4024: 4003: 3701: 3528:

and drum). Polo, the other traditional sport of Ladakh, is indigenous to Baltistan and

2320: 2302: 2069: 2059: 1655: 1622: 1477: 588: 9223:

Edinburgh. Edmonston and Douglas. Reprint: Ch'eng Wen Publishing Company. Tapei. 1971.

3925: 3889: 3553: 1261:

in its dispute with Tibet which, among other reasons, resulted in its invasion by the

1106: 11007: 10649: 10599: 10589: 10579: 10524: 10466: 10389: 9864: 9731: 9501: 9369: 9354: 9235: 9115: 9096: 9066: 9027: 9017: 9005: 8983: 8961: 8941: 8900: 8875: 8849: 8841: 8829: 8486:"New gamma ray telescope coming up in Ladakh to observe exploding stars, black holes" 8280: 8228: 7933: 7894: 7109: 6955: 6928: 6818: 6757: 6485: 6481: 6448: 6353: 5851: 5812: 5785: 5758: 5706: 5679: 5652: 5625: 5598: 5571: 5537: 5512: 5479: 5423: 5411: 5393: 5366: 5344: 5271: 5208: 5182: 5140: 5077: 5039: 4761: 4753: 4743: 4386: 4365: 4343: 4318: 4295: 4290:

Skutsch, Carl (2015) , "China: Border War with India, 1962", in Ciment, James (ed.),

4275: 4242: 4208: 3968: 3719: 3476: 3355: 3326: 3296: 3164:

respectively, who are predominately followers of Islam while small minorities follow

2672: 1941:

The Indus River is the backbone of Ladakh. Most major historical and current towns –

1700: 1591: 1538: 1527: 1144: 958: 840: 732: 704:

Medieval Islamic scholars called Ladakh the "Great Tibet" (derived from Turko-Arabic

549: 8182:

In L.L Adler (Ed.), International Handbook on Gender Roles. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

7347: 7260: 6830: 6726:

Bhatnagar, Y. V.; Wangchuk, R.; Prins, H. H.; van Wieren, S. E.; Mishra, C. (2006).

6646: 1980:

runs parallel to the Ladakh Range for about 100 km (62 mi) northwest from

1864:. Before partition, Baltistan, now part of Pakistan, had been a district of Ladakh; 11408: 11042: 10674: 10654: 10634: 10629: 10614: 10604: 10594: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10529: 10514: 10499: 10374: 10310: 10205: 9613: 9608: 9567: 6891: 6810: 6747: 6739: 6691: 6634: 6477: 5982: 5946: 5125: 4028: 3998: 3621: 3613: 3372: 3322: 3306: 3246: 3193: 3165: 2849: 2837: 2554: 2291: 2224: 2144: 2001: 1989: 1809: 1747: 1626: 1455: 1355:

The disputed territory of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir: divided between

1317: 1224:, who had already annexed Kashmir and Baltistan, Ladakh retained its independence. 1163: 950: 938: 912: 687: 616: 513: 505: 450: 367: 8351:"Profile | Department of School Education UT Ladakh | Ladakh | GoI" 4361:

An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century

3832:, an initiative of SECMOL, was published from 1992 to 2005 in English and Ladakhi. 2872:, marking the first ever landing by a civilian airline company at Kargil Airport. 11487: 11401: 11391: 11300: 11147: 10994: 10919: 10669: 10574: 10564: 10539: 10534: 10519: 10509: 10479: 10305: 10230: 10200: 10195: 9981: 9874: 9721: 9440: 9412: 9339: 9317: 9274: 9257: 9187: 9169: 9148: 8973: 8955: 8890: 8437: 8066: 8039: 7466: 6895: 6280: 6242: 6186: 6057: 4976: 4529: 4476: 3794: 3757: 3746: 3679: 3543: 3484: 3446: 3361: 3205: 3177: 2894: 2715: 2571: 2487: 2372: 2208: 2166: 2100: 2093: 2032: 2028: 1957: 1853: 1669: 1583: 1563: 1523: 1451:, was established in 1934, Ladakh was given two nominated seats in the assembly. 1413: 1332: 1302: 1283: 1262: 1084: 1052: 974: 923: 584: 553: 525: 489: 481: 170: 62: 47: 8516:"Two AIIMS-like institutions, 8 medical colleges in Jammu-Kashmir, Ladakh: Govt" 7774: 6071:"Ladakh division headquarters to shuttle between Leh and Kargil: Governor Malik" 1061: 11363: 11358: 11295: 11062: 11002: 10708: 10639: 10624: 10609: 10384: 10379: 10138: 10133: 10022: 9869: 9859: 9849: 9803: 9757: 9593: 9310:. Richard Bentley, London. Reprint 1998: Asian Educational Services, New Delhi. 9214: 9205: 9042: 8822:"Dga' Ldan Tshe Dbang Dpal Bzang Po and the Tibet-Ladakh-Mugha1 War of 1679–84" 8609: 6238:"LAHDC Act would continue and the Amendments of 2018 to be protected: Governor" 5951:"As China intrudes across LAC, India must be alert to a larger strategic shift" 5885: 5101: 3672: 3533: 3488: 3468: 3334: 3330: 3286: 3276: 3256: 3209: 3201: 3077: 2845: 2629: 2498: 2470: 2009: 1935: 1876: 1849: 1837: 1665: 1555: 1399: 1395: 1271: 1209: 961:, is believed to have conquered the regions to the north, including Ladakh and 897: 880: 863: 836: 817: 742: 655: 521: 379: 375: 371: 357: 244: 9296:

Srinagar, Kashmir, India: Centre of Central Asian Studies, Kashmir University.

9268:

The Muslim Queens of the Himalayas: Princess Exchanges in Baltistan and Ladakh

9264:

The Muslim Queens of the Himalayas: Princess Exchange in Ladakh and Baltistan.

7706:"Will Ladakh's New Districts Have Autonomous Hill Councils Too, Congress Asks" 6814: 6743: 6696: 6638: 4880:

Trans-Himalayan Caravans – Merchant Princes and Peasant Traders in Ladakh

4179: 4035:

and 37,555 km (14,500 sq mi) of area controlled by China under

11476: 11461: 11428: 11127: 11097: 10143: 10113: 10037: 9946: 9741: 9736: 9655: 9191: 9054:, Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente – via academia.edu 7246: 6489: 4784: 4780: 4765: 4735: 4723: 4565: 4507: 4148: 3988: 3861: 3838:, a lifestyle and tourist magazine of Ladakh, was started in 2018 in English. 3655:

in the form of juice and jam, as some claim it possess medicinal properties.

3651:

for the people of Ladakh. The government has also been trying to promote the

3583: 3197: 2869: 2799:. There are two main roads that connect Ladakh with the rest of the country, 2656: 2526: 2269: 2204: 2162: 2005: 1977: 1914:

prior to 1947, being more-or-less equidistant (at about 230 kilometres) from

1488: 1424: 970: 767: 596: 408: 143: 130: 9434: 7738:(Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 7562:(Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 5326: 3504:

Sul-ma, woman's woollen dress (detail), Ladakh, late 19th-early 20th century

3172:. The region's population is split roughly in half between the districts of 2633:

the judicial system, communications and the higher education in the region.

2252:

to irrigation. Natural vegetation commonly seen along watercourses includes

11386: 11327: 11323: 11285: 11022: 10474: 10118: 10087: 9976: 9961: 9951: 9931: 9833: 9823: 9726: 9482: 9289: 9231: 8336: 8199:"Plantlife.org project on medicinal plants of importance to amchi medicine" 6822: 6761: 3640:

medicine remains a component of public health, especially in remote areas.

3383: 3185: 3173: 3161: 3117: 2889: 2543: 2515: 2459: 2408: 2391: 2274: 2253: 2212: 2196: 2123: 2119: 2097: 1997: 1993: 1973: 1966: 1894:

and Zanskar Valleys form a great trough, enclosed by the Himalayas and the

1872: 1825: 1797: 1587: 1579: 1511: 1487:

chose to remain independent of India or Pakistan. Pakistani soldiers from

1279: 1231:

The empire of kings Tsewang Namgyal and Jamyang Namgyal, about 1560–1600 CE

1140: 1088: 962: 813: 806: 568: 231: 180: 9126:. Introduction by C. Wessels. Reproduced by Rupa & Co, New Delhi. 2005 8151:"LAHDC organises 3rd Ladakh Marathon at Leh | Business Standard News" 6374:"OneWorld South Asia – Glacier man Chewang Norphel brings water to Ladakh" 4103: 3826:

is a newspaper published from Kashmir covering Ladakh in English and Urdu.

3532:, and was probably introduced into Ladakh in the mid-17th century by King 11185: 11137: 11132: 11067: 10123: 10072: 10047: 10032: 10027: 9997: 9941: 9926: 9895: 9818: 9813: 9798: 9762: 8350: 8225:"A government of India project in support of Sowa Rigpa-'amchi' medicine" 8105: 5731:

The Mongolia-Tibet Interface. Opening new Research Terrains in Inner Asia

4602:, Controller of Publications, Delhi-110054, p. 2, 25 November 2019, 3798: 2531: 2220: 2047: 2024: 1985: 1950: 1891: 1829: 1778: 1751: 1551: 1383: 1379: 966: 821: 580: 576: 572: 116: 92: 9228:

Indian Tibet Tibetan India: The Cultural Legacy of the Western Himalayas

7348:

IAF craft makes successful landing near China border (4 November 2008).

4628: 4472:"LG, UT Hqrs, Head of Police to have Sectts at both Leh, Kargil: Mathur" 4074:

Census was not carried out in Jammu and Kashmir in 1991 due to militancy

2287: 2169:, which inhabits the vast rangelands in eastern Ladakh bordering Tibet. 1965:

on the China border down to 3,620 m (11,880 ft) at its snout.

1699:

around 1955, which was later carried forward by another parliamentarian

1507:, Kargil and Leh were liberated and Ladakh cleared of the infiltrators. 1114:

Between the 1380s and early 1510s, many Islamic missionaries propagated

11331: 11160: 11112: 10128: 10042: 10017: 9956: 9936: 9921: 9916: 9890: 8853: 8133:"Business Hotels in India – Event Planning in India – The Lalit Hotels" 7893:. Central Institute of Buddhist Studies, Local Futures. pp. 1–44. 7889:

Namgail, T.; Jensen, A.; Padmanabhan, S.; Desor, S.; Dolma, R. (2019).

7209:"Members of Parliament, MPs of India 2014, Sixteenth Lok Sabha Members" 6180:

Already, Rajya Sabha Clears J&K As Union Territory Instead Of State

4238:

Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M

4125:

state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh.

4036: 3692: 3645: 3636: 3630: 3425: 2865: 2861: 2742: 2216: 1962: 1923: 1852:

in the far north. The historically vague divide between Ladakh and the

1821: 1547: 1519: 1484: 1247: 1239: 1152: 942: 908: 802: 682:

is its pronunciation in several Tibetan dialects. The English spelling

608: 592: 537: 391: 7497:"State Development Report—Jammu and Kashmir, Chapter 2 – Demographics" 5091:, the royal chronicle of Ladakh, which dates back to the 17th century. 2000:

Group (highest point at 7,464 m or 24,488 ft) together with

11290: 11280: 11264: 11117: 11102: 11077: 11052: 11047: 10836: 10260: 10170: 10082: 10062: 10052: 9344:

The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas

9163:

Time, Self and the Other: The striving tourist in Ladakh, north India

7433: 6293: 5315: 5002: 4139:

The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of

3652: 3625: 3579: 3459: 2836:

and weekly flights to Srinagar and Jammu. There are two airstrips at

2753: 2676: 2447: 2157: 2104: 1868:

was the winter capital of Ladakh, with Leh being the summer capital.

1856:

commences to the north in an intricate maze of ridges to the east of

1785: 1743: 1571: 1459: 889: 751: 709: 529: 386: 73: 8888: 8180:

Gielen, Uwe (1998). "Gender roles in traditional Tibetan cultures".

5437: 5389:

The Dawn of Tibet: The Ancient Civilization on the Roof of the World

5313:), then goes on saying that "from there to the north, for over 2000 5038:, Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing Press, pp. 93–, 3725: 993:

He gave to each of his sons a separate kingdom, viz., to the eldest

11087: 10399: 10325: 10240: 10180: 10108: 10057: 10012: 10002: 8864: 7982: 7402:"IAF to start air services to Kargil during winter from December 6" 5294: 3617: 3547: 3472: 3225: 3213: 3169: 3153: 3097: 3087: 2857: 2757: 2115: 1915: 1903: 1845: 1789: 1515: 1496: 1481: 1243: 1159: 1080: 825: 782:

describes the region in his accounts. Xuanzang's term of Ladakh is

779: 771: 620: 612: 533: 517: 493: 403: 338: 8819: 8157:. Business-standard.com. Press Trust of India. 15 September 2014. 4757: 3756:

In December 2019, the union minister of state for home affairs Mr

1382:, invaded and annexed Ladakh to Jammu under the suzerainty of the 798:, which is believed to have been the original name of the region. 11266: 11122: 11082: 11072: 11037: 11032: 10415: 10285: 10275: 10190: 10185: 10092: 10007: 9828: 9767: 9249:, ed. John Bray. Supplement to Rivista Orientali, pp. 59–79. 8842:

Fisher, Margaret W.; Rose, Leo E.; Huttenback, Robert A. (1963),

8738: 4140: 3851:

claims to be "The largest circulated daily of Jammu and Kashmir".

3525: 3451: 3342: 3338: 3217: 3127: 3107: 2818: 2787: 2559: 2265: 2180: 2073: 2040: 1981: 1899: 1895: 1884: 1880: 1801: 1793: 1522:

area. The Indian effort to gain control of Aksai Chin led to the

1500: 1221: 1213: 982: 907:, and founded a new West Tibetan kingdom at the heart of the old 775: 600: 485: 333: 108: 88: 8933: 6725: 11107: 11092: 11057: 10940: 10335: 10320: 10315: 10295: 10290: 10235: 10220: 10175: 10077: 10067: 9911: 9793: 9516: 9455: 9120:

An Account of Tibet: The Travels of Ippolito Desideri 1712–1727

8790: 8546:"Parliament passes Bill to set up Central university in Ladakh" 8311: 3634:, traditional doctors following the Tibetan medical tradition. 3529: 3437:, an alcoholic beverage drunk especially on festive occasions. 3394: 3388: 3376: 3221: 2841: 2738: 2723: 2377: 2228: 2136: 2111: 1907: 1865: 1610: 1444: 1436: 1432: 1258: 1201: 1182: 1024: 874: 853: 763: 759: 698: 564: 189: 9181:

In the other we trust: Buying souvenirs in Ladakh, north India

8716: 7872:"Food & Cuisine: 10 Best Dishes to Eat in Leh-Ladakh 🥄🥣" 6858: 5843: 2015: 1844:

and Baltiyul regions to the west, and the southwest corner of

1765: 1351: 508:

to the south, both the Indian-administered union territory of

11170: 11017: 11012: 10330: 10280: 10270: 10265: 10255: 10250: 10225: 9808: 9041: 7888: 7773:(5–6), International Center for Peace Studies, archived from 6675:

Namgail, T.; Bagchi, S.; Mishra, C.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2008).

6020:"Ground report: Half of Chinese troops leave, rest to follow" 5332: 5310: 5302: 5290: 4317:, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 109, 4315:

The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia

4294:(2nd ed.), London and New York: Routledge, p. 573, 4049: 3266: 2853: 2833: 2503: 2192: 2128: 1946: 1919: 1861: 1857: 1841: 1833: 1813: 1713: 1625:

within Jammu and Kashmir, having previously been part of the

1404: 1287: 1217: 1132: 1115: 986: 755: 624: 604: 536:

to the south. The eastern end, consisting of the uninhabited

497: 477: 465: 353: 7956:"Living Fabric: Weaving Among the Nomads of Ladakh Himalaya" 6674: 5424:

Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963)

5412:

Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963)

5345:

Howard & Howard, Historic Ruins in the Gya Valley (2014)

4823:"As India and China clash, JFK's 'forgotten crisis' is back" 3406:

makes useful trekking food. Strictly Ladakhi dishes include

2072:

comes to India every year for breeding. Photograph taken at

1836:

to the east, the Lahaul and Spiti regions to the south, the

1773: 1212:, the son of Jamyang and Gyal. He expanded the kingdom into 10300: 10210: 7560:

C-1 Population By Religious Community – Jammu & Kashmir

4585: 4271:

A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas

4098: 4096: 3181: 3149: 2475: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2227:

has been discovered in this region. Among smaller animals,

2172: 1942: 1931: 1817: 1504: 1409: 1372: 1194: 1136: 934: 456: 8764: 8460:"Cabinet approves setting up central university in Ladakh" 6350:

As Climate Changes: International Impacts and Implications

6274:

One year of union territory status: Ladakh brims with hope

4786:

The China-India Border--the Origins Of Disputed Boundaries

3598:

Ladakhi Perak Headdress courtesy the Wovenosuls collection

1996:(highest point at 7,385 m or 24,229 ft) and the 1734: 1558:, Batalik and Chorbatla, overlooking key locations on the 801:

For much of the first millennium, western Tibet comprised

111:

region with the two Indian-administered union territories

11027: 10985: 10245: 9788: 9461: 8995: 4143:

and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the

3803: 2749: 2704: 2413: 2260:

spp.), wild roses of pink or yellow varieties, tamarisk (

2184: 2023:

Ladakh is a high-altitude desert; the Himalayas create a

1175: 560: 431: 185: 9399: 9324:, Vol. II. Reprint: New Delhi, Sagar Publications, 1971. 7287:"State Development Report—Jammu and Kashmir, Chapter 3A" 6796:"Carnivore-caused livestock mortality in Trans-Himalaya" 5204:

Ladakh Then and Now: Cultural, Ecological, and Political

4093: 2401: 2311:, Ladakh is administered as a union territory without a 8937:

Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history

5533:

Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history

4039:, both of which are claimed by India as part of Ladakh. 3467:

The music of Ladakhi Buddhist monastic festivals, like

2671:

Ladakh sends one member (MP) to the lower house of the

2628:

The two autonomous district councils work with village

1922:. The Zanskar Valley lies in the troughs of the rivers 844:

remained Buddhist and its culture was not yet Tibetan.

778:

in the 2nd century. The 7th-century Buddhist traveller

7736:

C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir

7491: 7489: 6209:, no. Bill No. XXIX of 2019, 2019, archived from 5902:"Government may clear all weather tunnel to Leh today" 1992:(highest point at 7,245 m or 23,770 ft) the 1447:

for six months. When the legislative assembly, called

1340: 10883:

Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh

8998:"Embedded in Stone—Early Buddhist Rock Art of Ladakh" 8845:

Himalayan Battleground: Sino-Indian Rivalry in Ladakh

8407: 7261:"Distribution of Rocks and Minerals in J&K state" 7098:"5 new districts in Ladakh that will come up in 2028" 6347: 6232: 6230: 6123:"Ladakh had been demanding UT status for a long time" 4052:

is due to the Europeans in India in the 18th century.

3712:

Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh

2435: 468: 7502:. Planning Commission of India. 1999. Archived from 7292:. Planning Commission of India. 2001. Archived from 6877: 6099:. The Statesman, 9 August 2003. 2003. Archived from 5392:, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, p. 101, 4342:, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293, 4207:, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, 4048:

The extension of the term "Tibet" to the modern day

2666: 1641:

Police who will spend half their time in each town.

1465: 603:

nomads. The main religious groups in the region are

462: 453: 9089:

Karakorum Himalaya: Sourcebook for a Protected Area

8335:. The Lamdon Social Welfare Society. Archived from 8308:

Ladakhi Histories – Local and Regional Perspectives

8173: 7486: 7279: 6793: 6609: 6502: 5837: 5811:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 223–. 5359:"Kenhat, The Dialects of Upper Ladakh and Zanskari" 5130:"The Pamirs, Badakhshan and the Trans-Pamir States" 4815: 3775:

to establish a central university in Ladakh named "

2315:or elected government. The head of government is a 981:(called "Ngari Korsum") and the third son received 766:. Around the 1st century, Ladakh was a part of the 459: 9646:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil 7730: 7728: 7726: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7531:. Education for all in India. 1999. Archived from 7376:"Air Courier Service From Kargil Begins Operation" 6227: 5844:Gray Tuttle; Kurtis R. Schaeffer (12 March 2013). 4716: 4135: 4133: 3429:, after the sound it makes when mixed. Sweet tea ( 2777:The Tourist's Guide to Kashmir, Ladakh, and Skardo 2764:cheap electricity for various construction needs. 2618:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil 2397:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil 9198:. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, Inc. 9176:. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, Inc. 9140:. Reprint: 1972. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi. ( 7932:. Dolls of India. 12 January 2003. Archived from 6200:"The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019" 5061:in various Tibetan dialects. (Volume II, page 93) 4404: 4402: 3967:Carved stone tablets, each with the inscription " 3321:The predominant mother-tongue in Leh district is 1832:in the Ladakh Range. Contemporary Ladakh borders 1185:reunited and strengthened Ladakh and founded the 900:, Langdarma's great-grandson, fled to West Tibet 484:and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger 269: • Autonomous Hill Development Councils 32:Region administered by India as a union territory 11474: 9578:2019 Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh reorganisation 8656:. Thaindian.com. 10 October 2009. Archived from 8281:"District-specific Literates and Literacy Rates" 6947: 6794:Namgail, T.; Fox, J.L.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2007). 6610:Namgail, T.; Fox, J.L.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2007). 6503:Namgail, T.; Fox, J.L.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2004). 6467: 5087:Quote: The single most important source is the 3857:, a monthly magazine covering Jammu and Kashmir. 3682:opened a school in Leh in October 1889, and the 3402:(roasted barley flour). Edible without cooking, 3180:. 76.87% population of Kargil is Muslim (mostly 1792:) valleys (now mostly in Pakistani-administered 1526:of 1962, which India lost. China also built the 9651:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh 9112:. Reprint: Sagar Publications, New Delhi. 1977. 7907: 7723: 7586:"Religion Data of Census 2011: XXXIII JK-HP-ST" 7547: 7459: 6920: 6878:Bagchi, S.; Namgail, T.; Ritchie, M.E. (2006). 5804: 5698: 5617: 5567:Ladakh Through the Ages, Towards a New Identity 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5194: 4552: 4130: 3865:, a daily newspaper covering Jammu and Kashmir. 2844:for military transport. The airport at Kargil, 2623:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh 2604: 2431:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh 2199:in Ladakh of an estimated 7,000 worldwide. The 2155:), has traditionally been hunted for its wool ( 820:started contesting the "four garrisons" of the 786:, which has been reconstructed by academics as 9196:Trust and distrust: Sociocultural perspectives 9174:Otherness in question: Development of the self 7073:. Allrefer country study guide. Archived from 6775:Namgail, T (2004). "Eurasian lynx in Ladakh". 5876: 5444:. Austrian Academy of Science Press: 231–243. 5123: 4871: 4399: 3418:being made with root vegetables and meat, and 2646: 2114:(or blue sheep) is the most abundant mountain 1597:There was a heavy presence of Indian Army and 11250: 10971: 9420: 8680:"Ladakh gets its first-ever FM radio station" 8375: 8193: 8191: 7913: 6861:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5442:Interaction in the Himalayas and Central Asia 5259: 5257: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4779: 4722: 3809:There are a handful of private news outlets. 2050:takes place on the magnificent frozen river. 1621:On 8 February 2019, Ladakh became a separate 1443:was at Leh for six months of the year and at 567:, each of which headquarters a district. The 11209:Autonomous administrative divisions of India 9308:Diary of a Pedestrian in Cashmere and Thibet 9158:(pp. 413–437). Westport, CT: Greenwood. 8953: 7930:"Masks: Reflections of Culture and Religion" 6348:Strzepek, Kenneth M.; Joel B. Smith (1995). 5850:. Columbia University Press. pp. 603–. 5228: 5174: 5107:The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. 4659: 4292:Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II 3341:people may differ markedly from that of the 2655:. The union territory of Ladakh has its own 1659:Ladakh (L) shown in the wider Kashmir region 1644: 1629:. As a division, Ladakh was granted its own 1550:of 1999, codenamed "Operation Vijay" by the 1257:In the late 17th century, Ladakh sided with 884:Ladakh as one of the many provinces of Tibet 649: 552:. As Ladakh is strategically important, the 10868:Eliezer Joldan Memorial College Leh, Ladakh 10858:Defence Institute of High Altitude Research 8408:"The Central Institute of Buddhist Studies" 8011:. Jammu and Kashmir Tourism. Archived from 7704:Gillani, Syed Shadab Ali (26 August 2024). 5025: 4620: 4364:, Cambridge University Press, p. 166, 2803:connecting Srinagar to Kargil and Leh, and 556:maintains a strong presence in the region. 11493:States and territories established in 2019 11265:Regions and administrative territories of 11257: 11243: 10978: 10964: 9661:Ladakh Renewable Energy Development Agency 9427: 9413: 8974:Lo Bue, Erberto; Bray, John, eds. (2014), 8188: 7429:"Kargil gets first civil air connectivity" 5254: 5181:, Cambridge University Press, p. 26, 4926: 4807:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4626: 4561:"Urdu No More Official Language Of Ladakh" 4339:Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 3762:National Research Institute for Sowa-Rigpa 3660:National Research Institute for Sowa-Rigpa 2653:High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh 1576:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council 263:High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh 9172:. In Livia Simao and Jaan Valsiner (eds) 8326:"Leh, Ladakh. A History of Lamdon School" 7462:"Air Mantra to operate flights to Kargil" 6751: 6695: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6089: 5699:Osmaston, Henry; Denwood, Philip (1995). 5651:. Anamika Publishers & Distributors. 5618:Osmaston, Henry; Denwood, Philip (1995). 5498: 5496: 5494: 5465: 5463: 5250:(2nd ed.). Trailblazer Publications. 4274:, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29, 4234: 4110:, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1 March 2021, 3565: 3414:, both heavy and rich soup pasta dishes, 2323:who is assisted by civil servants of the 1510:In 1949, China closed the border between 1110:Jama Masjid of Leh next to the Leh Palace 847: 516:to the west, and the southwest corner of 11166:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 7845:"Ladakh Festival – a Cultural Spectacle" 7191:"Khan, Shri Hassan: Member's Bioprofile" 7095: 7051: 6951:Temperate Horticulture: Current Scenario 6017: 5934:Kargil 1999 – the impregnable conquered. 5890:, 1989, Thomson Press, Faridabad, India. 5563: 5385: 5135:, in Chahryar Adle; Irfan Habib (eds.), 4241:, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, 3797:(AIR) and government television station 3724: 3593: 3569: 3552: 3499: 3458: 3450: 3371: 2832:, from which there are daily flights to 2817: 2786: 2709: 2698: 2651:Ladakh is under the jurisdiction of the 2286: 2179: 2171: 2063: 2014: 1772: 1764: 1756: 1733: 1654: 1537: 1350: 1234: 1226: 1158: 1105: 917: 879: 857: 741: 9048:The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. 8318: 7847:. EF News International. Archived from 7761:Rather, Ali Mohammad (September 1999), 7703: 7378:. news.outlookindia.com. Archived from 6774: 6559: 6442: 5981: 5945: 5356: 5175:Bogle, George; Manning, Thomas (2010), 5031: 4385:, Oxford University Press, p. 10, 4378: 4289: 3671:every family was obliged to master the 3602: 2881:Population of Leh and Kargil districts 1530:jointly with Pakistan. India built the 1454:Ladakh was claimed as part of Tibet by 1386:. After the defeat of the Sikhs in the 1274:. With the help of reinforcements from 291:59,146 km (22,836 sq mi) 14: 11475: 9156:International handbook on gender roles 8496:from the original on 24 September 2020 8179: 8065: 7760: 7426: 7236: 7234: 6994:from the original on 16 September 2021 6514:. London: reg.wur.nl. pp. 57–63. 6262: 6018:Kulkarni, Pranav (26 September 2014). 5987:"Ladakh concern overrides LAC dispute" 5505:"A Brief History of Muslims in Ladakh" 5502: 5491: 5469: 5460: 5263: 5100: 5035:Antiquities of Indian Tibet, Volume II 4901: 4357: 4267: 2811:to Leh. A third road to Ladakh is the 2292:Banner of the Administration of Ladakh 1938:form the western extremity of Ladakh. 1784:Historically, the region included the 1431:. It had three tehsils, based at Leh, 973:(a holy mountain near the present-day 524:in the far north. It extends from the 500:since 1959. Ladakh is bordered by the 488:region that has been the subject of a 11533:States and union territories of India 11238: 11214:Proposed states and union territories 10987:States and union territories of India 10959: 10853:Central Institute of Buddhist Studies 10714:Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (Leh) 9408: 9400:Government of Ladakh official website 9333:Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh 9286:. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. 8692:from the original on 15 December 2021 8586:from the original on 4 September 2021 8576:"Sindhu Central University in Ladakh" 8556:from the original on 2 September 2021 8526:from the original on 11 December 2019 8161:from the original on 17 November 2015 7916:Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh 7878:from the original on 8 November 2021. 7625:from the original on 11 November 2020 7610: 7441:from the original on 15 December 2013 7408:from the original on 15 December 2023 7329:from the original on 7 September 2020 7267:from the original on 13 November 2017 7240: 7158: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7039: 6968:from the original on 15 December 2023 6902:from the original on 15 December 2023 6424:from the original on 22 February 2008 6032:from the original on 16 December 2014 5926: 5864:from the original on 15 December 2023 5825:from the original on 15 December 2023 5435: 5270:. Partridge Publishing. p. 126. 5245: 5013:from the original on 8 September 2022 4943: 4902:Sandhu, Kamaljit Kaur (4 June 2019). 4877: 4684:from the original on 29 November 2020 4609:from the original on 30 November 2020 4558: 4484:from the original on 13 February 2020 4312: 3716:Central Institute of Buddhist Studies 3574:Woman wearing traditional Ladakhi hat 3536:, whose mother was a Balti princess. 3382:Ladakhi food has much in common with 3204:; and Islam is the majority faith in 3158:Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard and Shinu tribes 2775:This era is recorded in Arthur Neves 2004:(7,526 m or 24,692 ft) and 1270:withdrew after being paid off by the 1118:and proselytised the Ladakhi people. 532:range to the north to the main Great 9058: 8357:from the original on 27 January 2022 8314:, Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 8299: 8261:from the original on 3 February 2021 8227:. Cbhi-hsprod.nic.in. Archived from 7742:from the original on 12 January 2020 7685:from the original on 24 January 2016 7655:from the original on 4 February 2016 7427:Fayyaz, Ahmed Ali (7 January 2013). 7219:from the original on 2 December 2013 7096:Precious, Rongmei (27 August 2024). 6445:A field guide to the flora of Ladakh 6141: 6051:Notification, Jammu, 8 February 2019 5899: 5777: 5750: 5671: 5644: 5590: 5564:Kaul, Shridhar; Kaul, H. N. (1992). 5536:. Indus Publishing. 1 January 2001. 5511:, Motilal Banarsidass, p. 189, 5478:, Motilal Banarsidass, p. 122, 5333:Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh (1977) 5291:Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh (1977) 5200: 4962: 4593:"Part II—Section 3—Sub-section (ii)" 4452:from the original on 19 October 2019 4335: 4255:from the original on 17 January 2023 4221:from the original on 17 January 2023 4177: 3508:The most popular sport in Ladakh is 3333:, sometimes considered a dialect of 2309:Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act 1220:. Despite a defeat of Ladakh by the 1005:, the inhabitants using black bows; 634:. Prior to that, it was part of the 632:Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act 11450:Proposed administrative territories 9542:Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir 9136:Francke, A. H. (1914), 1920, 1926. 9065:. Indus Publishing. pp. 123–. 9062:Famous Western Expolorers to Ladakh 9059:Jina, Prem Singh (1 January 1995). 9018:Howard, Neil; Howard, Kath (2014), 8305: 8283:. Education for all website. 2001. 8101:"Manipur lifts Lalit Suri Polo Cup" 7980: 7789:"Ladakhi Language & Phrasebook" 7231: 6398:from the original on 30 August 2011 6097:"Kargil Council For Greater Ladakh" 6077:from the original on 19 August 2019 6063: 5936:(2002) Natraj Publishers, Dehradun. 5808:Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road 5702:Recent Research on Ladakh 4 & 5 5621:Recent Research on Ladakh 4 & 5 5509:Recent Research on Ladakh 4 & 5 5207:. Mittal Publications. p. 15. 5156:from the original on 10 August 2013 4732:The Columbia Gazetteer of the World 4382:Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris 4158:Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent 3624:, combined with the philosophy and 3492:and men weave, on different looms. 2791:A vehicle on the Himalaya Highway 3 1769:The Ladakh region has high altitude 1623:Revenue and Administrative Division 1601:forces in Ladakh. These forces and 1402:. The Namgyal family was given the 1341:Princely state of Jammu and Kashmir 1095: 697:The region was previously known as 24: 11310:Current administrative territories 9563:1948 military operations in Ladakh 9247:Mountains, Monasteries and Mosques 9080: 8466:from the original on 10 March 2022 8287:from the original on 14 April 2010 8201:. Plantlife.org.uk. Archived from 7460:GK News Network (2 January 2013). 7036: 7024:from the original on 5 August 2019 6840:from the original on 26 March 2009 6707:from the original on 26 March 2009 6656:from the original on 26 March 2009 6582:from the original on 26 March 2009 6320:United Nations Development Program 6250:from the original on 2 August 2020 6161:from the original on 3 August 2020 5999:from the original on 2 August 2020 5882:Menon, P.M & Proudfoot, C.L., 5727:Mountains, Monasteries and Mosques 5264:Zutshi, Rattan (13 January 2016). 4859:from the original on 1 August 2017 4426:from the original on 9 August 2019 3943:Trees in the Indus Valley near Leh 3789:Ladakh International Film Festival 3440: 3239:Languages of Ladakh (2011 census) 2053: 2019:Monthly average temperature in Leh 1887:(7,000 m or 23,000 ft). 1616: 1347:Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 1023:The first West Tibetan dynasty of 977:village). The second son received 888:In the 9th century, Tibet's ruler 737: 46:Region administered by India as a 25: 11544: 11422:Former administrative territories 10873:Government Degree College, Kargil 9393: 8889:Francke, August Hermann (1992) . 8797:from the original on 20 June 2012 8771:from the original on 25 June 2012 8745:from the original on 22 June 2012 8715:. ReachLadakh.com. Archived from 8710: 8414:from the original on 7 March 2023 7989:from the original on 23 June 2012 7869: 7566:from the original on 3 April 2022 7171:from the original on 17 July 2020 7140:from the original on 17 June 2020 6924:Landscapes and Landforms of India 6521:from the original on 4 March 2009 6060:, Government of Jammu and Kashmir 5914:from the original on 9 April 2022 4983:from the original on 18 June 2020 4770:"divided between India and CHINA" 4573:from the original on 7 April 2022 4559:Ganai, Naseer (19 January 2022). 4188:from the original on 2 April 2019 4165:from the original on 17 June 2015 4114:from the original on 7 April 2022 3955:Nubra Valley view with reflection 3793:The government radio broadcaster 3675:in order to read the holy books. 3386:, the most prominent foods being 3142: Religion not stated (0.47%) 2782: 2667:Ladakh in the Parliament of India 2282: 2201:Hemis High Altitude National Park 1574:-dominated state government, the 1466:Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir 1009:of the east and the Gold-mine of 678:means the "land of high passes". 504:to the east, the Indian state of 11518:Territorial disputes of Pakistan 11508:History of the Republic of India 9435: 8783: 8757: 8731: 8704: 8672: 8646: 8628: 8616:from the original on 12 May 2014 8598: 8568: 8538: 8508: 8478: 8452: 8426: 8400: 8369: 8343: 8273: 8243: 8217: 8143: 8125: 8093: 8059: 8027: 8001: 7974: 7948: 7922: 7882: 7863: 7837: 7807: 7781: 7754: 7697: 7667: 7637: 7611:Vijay, Tarun (30 January 2008). 7604: 7578: 7521: 7453: 7420: 7394: 7368: 7341: 7311: 7253: 7159:Dixit, Pranjal (6 August 2019). 7054:"Ladakh gets five new districts" 6482:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00983.x 6283:, Times of India, 3 August 2020. 6129:from the original on 12 May 2021 5963:from the original on 3 June 2020 5032:Francke, August Hermann (1926), 4946:Ladakh – Crossroads of High Asia 4914:from the original on 4 June 2019 4530:"Saltoro Kangri, India/Pakistan" 4181:Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia 4068: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3876: 3751:Indian Institute of Astrophysics 1984:along the southern shore of the 1808:districts to the south, much of 1738:Map of the central Ladakh region 1325: 1310: 1295: 1072: 1060: 1044: 805:kingdom(s), which practised the 774:spread into western Ladakh from 449: 101: 72: 61: 10811:Indian Astronomical Observatory 10750:NH1 Leh–Kargil–Srinagar Highway 9676:Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency) 9351:Ladakh, Crossroads of High Asia 9122:. Ippolito Desideri. Edited by 8957:Ladakh: The Land and the People 8378:"Education reform, interrupted" 7795:from the original on 7 May 2020 7763:"Kargil: The Post-War Scenario" 7243:Trekking in the Indian Himalaya 7201: 7183: 7152: 7122: 7089: 7063: 7006: 6980: 6941: 6921:Vishwas S. Kale (23 May 2014). 6914: 6871: 6852: 6787: 6768: 6719: 6668: 6603: 6594: 6553: 6496: 6461: 6436: 6410: 6384: 6366: 6341: 6305: 6286: 6192: 6173: 6115: 6044: 6011: 5975: 5939: 5900:Dash, Dipak K. (16 July 2012). 5893: 5805:Johan Elverskog (6 June 2011). 5798: 5771: 5744: 5739:The Indian Historical Quarterly 5719: 5692: 5665: 5638: 5611: 5584: 5557: 5524: 5448:from the original on 5 May 2022 5429: 5405: 5386:Bellezza, John Vincent (2014), 5379: 5350: 5284: 5168: 5117: 5094: 5064: 4995: 4956: 4895: 4886: 4841: 4773: 4664: 4653: 4600:Gazette of India, Extraordinary 4540:from the original on 9 May 2019 4446:"Ladakh Gets Civil Secretariat" 4055: 4042: 3743:Indian Astronomical Observatory 3730:Indian Astronomical Observatory 3455:Dancer in masked dance festival 2875: 2830:Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport 2823:Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport 2815:, which is under construction. 9701:Four types of Himalayan ranges 9306:Knight, William, Henry. 1863. 8109:. 12 June 2012. Archived from 8043:. 10 July 2011. Archived from 7914:Norberg-Hodge, Helena (2000). 6352:. Cambridge University Press. 5053:has the sound of the guttural 4734:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). 4522: 4496: 4464: 4438: 4235:Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), 4017: 3360:Ladakhi culture is similar to 2864:. A private aeroplane company 2223:and the area around Dras. The 2151:in Indian English (or Ladakhi 1750:Ranges and includes the upper 1394:was established as a separate 866:divided among his three sons, 559:The largest town in Ladakh is 512:and the Pakistan-administered 476:) is a region administered by 13: 1: 11523:Territorial disputes of China 10447:Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary 8636:"List of Doordarshan studios" 8075:PhotoShelter: Himanshu Khagta 7404:. NDTV.com. 3 December 2010. 6376:. 2 July 2007. Archived from 5436:Flood, Finbarr Barry (2017). 4677:In Depth – Kashmir Flashpoint 4379:Snedden, Christopher (2015), 4081: 2325:Indian Administrative Service 1427:rule, with a governor termed 1419:Ladakh was administered as a 1265:. This event is known as the 1172:Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat 1051:Ladakh horsemen, depicted in 933:. The king wears a decorated 927: 901: 867: 829: 299:7,742 m (25,400 ft) 11528:Disputed territories in Asia 11513:2019 establishments in India 10457:Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary 9666:Jammu and Kashmir High Court 9558:1947–1948 India-Pakistan War 8874:, S. W. Partridge & Co, 6896:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.003 6297:range, which here forms the 5705:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 5624:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 5503:Sheikh, Abdul Ghani (1995), 5139:, UNESCO, pp. 238–239, 5076:, BRILL, 2014, pp. 3–, 4892:Osada et al. (2000), p. 298. 4627:OED Online (December 2020), 4506:. MHA.nic.in. Archived from 4184:, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 4161:, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 4147:(a) through (e), reflecting 4086: 3994:Ladakh Union Territory Front 3971:" along the paths of Zanskar 3665: 3609:Traditional Tibetan medicine 2828:There is an airport in Leh, 2683:in the current Lok Sabha is 2611:autonomous district councils 2609:Ladakh is administered by 2 2605:Autonomous District Councils 2330: 1777:View of Leh Town Along with 1723: 1651:Ladakh Union Territory Front 1143:rapidly converted to Islam. 548:has successfully encouraged 307:2,550 m (8,370 ft) 27:Region administered by India 7: 11156:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 10925:Actual Ground Position Line 9294:Ladakh, life & culture. 9194:and Alex Gillespie (Eds.), 8892:Antiquities of Indian Tibet 8333:internationaledventures.com 7791:. Leh-Ladakh Taxi Booking. 7193:. Lok Sabha. Archived from 7052:ET Times (26 August 2024), 6569:Journal of Mountain Ecology 6313:"Multi-hazard Map of India" 5476:Recent Research on Ladakh 6 4963:Pile, Tim (1 August 2019). 4358:Fisher, Michael H. (2018), 4313:Clary, Christopher (2022), 3984:Ladakh Buddhist Association 3976: 3471:, often involves religious 3231: 3070:Religions in Ladakh (2011) 3062: 2779:, first published in 1911. 2647:Law enforcement and justice 2364:Autonomous District Council 2337:List of districts of Ladakh 1690:autonomous district council 1635:Inspector General of Police 969:and an area referred to as 892:was assassinated and Tibet 691: 10: 11549: 11498:Union territories of India 9366:Ladakh: A Photo Travelogue 9262:Halkias, Georgios (2010). 9215:Martin Louis Alan Gompertz 9206:Martin Louis Alan Gompertz 8897:Asian Educational Services 8871:A History of Western Tibet 8828:, BRILL, pp. 81–108, 8813: 7918:. Oxford India Paperbacks. 7352:. NDTV.com. Archived from 7114:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 6443:Dvorský, Miroslav (2018). 5847:The Tibetan History Reader 5754:India-China Border Dispute 4882:. Oxford India Paperbacks. 3869: 3786: 3606: 3487:, a leading centre of the 3444: 3367: 3353: 3349: 2694: 2661:director general of police 2334: 2296: 2057: 1906:, the gateway to Zanskar. 1824:in the northeast, and the 1727: 1648: 1599:Indo-Tibetan Border Police 1578:was created in the 1990s. 1469: 1439:. The headquarters of the 1344: 1263:Tibetan Central Government 1099: 851: 730: 726: 701:(see page for etymology). 646:union territory of India. 638:state. Ladakh is both the 11449: 11421: 11379: 11346: 11316: 11309: 11273: 11199: 11146: 10993: 10933: 10907: 10900: 10845: 10822:and hydroelectric project 10819: 10803: 10796: 10769: 10727: 10701: 10692: 10498: 10465: 10437: 10428: 10408: 10367: 10351: 10344: 10161: 10101: 9990: 9904: 9883: 9842: 9781: 9750: 9714: 9693: 9684: 9626: 9586: 9550: 9522:Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh 9509: 9500: 9469: 9451: 9026:, BRILL, pp. 68–99, 9004:, BRILL, pp. 35–67, 8996:Dorjay, Phuntsog (2014), 8954:Jina, Prem Singh (1996), 7325:. ANI. 5 September 2020. 6948:Satish K. Sharma (2006). 6815:10.1007/s00267-005-0178-2 6744:10.1007/s00267-005-0356-2 6697:10.1017/s0030605308000768 6639:10.1007/s11284-006-0015-y 5591:Jina, Prem Singh (1996). 5553:– via Google Books. 5357:Zeisler, Bettina (2011), 5297:describes a journey from 4969:South Chinan Morning Post 4740:Columbia University Press 4633:, Oxford University Press 3777:Sindhu Central University 3156:regions are habitated by 2893: 2888: 2885: 2797:Border Roads Organisation 1875:into the more stationary 1645:Union territory of Ladakh 1480:in 1947, the Dogra ruler 1472:Jammu and Kashmir (state) 1380:Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu 1124:Sayyid Muhammad Nur Baksh 1102:Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh 915:in the Tibetan language. 659: 650:Names and their etymology 496:since 1947 and India and 426: 414: 402: 385: 363: 349: 344: 332: 324: 316: 311: 303: 295: 287: 282: 268: 255: 237: 224: 214: 209: 195: 179: 169: 159: 124: 100: 54: 44: 37: 10740:India-China Border Roads 9346:. Harvill Press, London. 9087:Allan, Nigel J. R. 1995 7891:Dhontang: Food in Ladakh 7767:Journal of Peace Studies 6803:Environmental Management 6732:Environmental Management 6470:Nordic Journal of Botany 6394:. Edugreen.teri.res.in. 6207:Ministry of Home Affairs 5992:The Tribune (Chandigarh) 5741:, XXIII, 3, pp. 169–199. 5246:Loram, Charlie (2004) . 4797:– via archive.org. 4108:Encyclopaedia Britannica 4010: 3782: 3773:Central Universities Act 3764:in the district of Leh. 3495: 2299:Administration of Ladakh 2246: 1603:People's Liberation Army 945:style. It is similar to 922:Royal drinking scene at 812:From around 660 CE, the 219:Administration of Ladakh 10878:Phuktal Monastic School 10863:Druk White Lotus School 10755:Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road 9706:Geology of the Himalaya 9604:India–Pakistan conflict 9527:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 9168:28 October 2022 at the 8884:– via archive.org 8866:Francke, August Hermann 8820:Emmer, Gerhard (2007), 8376:Justin Shilad (2009) . 8155:Business Standard India 6954:. New India Publisher. 6884:Biological Conservation 5267:My Journey of Discovery 4950:Oxford University Press 4336:Bose, Sumantra (2009), 4063:earthquake hazard scale 3749:and is operated by the 3325:(also called Bauti), a 2916:Females per 1000 males 2813:Nimmu–Padam–Darcha road 2729:Naked barley (Ladakhi: 2685:Jamyang Tsering Namgyal 2307:Under the terms of the 2279:, and various grasses. 2235:, and several types of 1705:Jammu and Kashmir state 1631:Divisional Commissioner 1493:Instrument of Accession 1267:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 1055:, circa 13th century CE 957:Nyimagon's eldest son, 708:, meaning "highland"); 502:Tibet Autonomous Region 10915:Line of Actual Control 10575:Mashro/Matho Monastery 9551:Post-Independent India 9336:. Rider Books, London. 9273:5 January 2016 at the 9256:5 January 2016 at the 9226:Ham, Peter Van. 2015. 9179:Gillespie, A. (2007). 9161:Gillespie, A. (2007). 6420:. LehLadakhIndia.com. 6392:"Edugreen.teri.res.in" 6322:. 2007. Archived from 6189:, NDTV, 5 August 2019. 6154:Business Today (India) 5645:Bora, Nirmala (2004). 5365:, BRILL, p. 293, 4410:"The Gazette of India" 4204:Encyclopedia Americana 3733: 3599: 3575: 3566:Social status of women 3562: 3561:Winter Games in Ladakh 3505: 3464: 3456: 3398:, known in Ladakhi as 3379: 2907:Females per 1000 males 2825: 2792: 2719: 2707: 2689:Bharatiya Janata Party 2294: 2188: 2177: 2077: 2020: 1781: 1770: 1762: 1739: 1697:Kushok Bakula Rinpoche 1660: 1607:Line of Actual Control 1590:was erected in Leh by 1543: 1368: 1250: 1232: 1167: 1111: 1019: 954: 885: 877: 848:Early medieval history 747: 654:The classical name in 328:4.6/km (12/sq mi) 296:Highest elevation 107:A map of the disputed 11338:Trans-Karakoram Tract 10941:Curious BRO roadsigns 10735:Darbuk–Shyok–DBO Road 9568:1971 battle of Turtuk 9532:Treaty of Tingmosgang 9510:Pre-Independent India 9328:Norberg-Hodge, Helena 9129:Drew, Federic. 1877. 9106:Cunningham, Alexander 8934:Handa, O. C. (2001), 8739:"The Daily Excelsior" 8492:. 21 September 2018. 7241:Weare, Garry (2002). 6279:3 August 2020 at the 6185:6 August 2019 at the 5781:Rediscovery of Ladakh 5675:Rediscovery of Ladakh 5470:Howard, Neil (1997), 4944:Rizvi, Janet (1996). 4878:Rizvi, Janet (2001). 4033:Trans-Karakoram Tract 3814:Reach Ladakh Bulletin 3728: 3597: 3573: 3556: 3503: 3462: 3454: 3375: 2821: 2790: 2713: 2702: 2402:http://kargil.nic.in/ 2290: 2183: 2175: 2088:in 1820, followed by 2067: 2018: 1776: 1768: 1760: 1737: 1658: 1542:National Highway No 1 1541: 1535:throughout the year. 1354: 1238: 1230: 1162: 1153:Sheikh Zain Shahwalli 1109: 991: 921: 883: 861: 852:Further information: 745: 644:second least populous 364: • Regional 350: • Official 304:Lowest elevation 144:34.16417°N 77.58472°E 10888:University of Ladakh 10761:Sasoma–Saser La Road 10757:(under construction) 10502:Buddhist monasteries 10485:Shanti Stupa, Ladakh 9671:Lieutenant Governors 9599:India–China conflict 9349:Rizvi, Janet. 1998. 9299:Knight, E. F. 1893. 9219:Gordon, T. E. 1876. 9202:The Road to Lamaland 9186:23 July 2012 at the 9147:5 April 2023 at the 8960:, Indus Publishing, 8940:, Indus Publishing, 8765:"Epilogue's website" 8711:Deptt, Information. 8688:. 14 December 2021. 8522:. 10 December 2019. 8257:. 28 November 2019. 7679:www.census2011.co.in 7649:www.census2011.co.in 6447:. Prague: Academia. 6073:. 15 February 2019. 6056:26 June 2019 at the 5778:Kaul, H. N. (1998). 5751:Sali, M. L. (1998). 5672:Kaul, H. N. (1998). 4789:. London. p. 11 4480:. 12 November 2019. 4268:Talbot, Ian (2016), 3767:In August 2021, the 3738:University of Ladakh 3603:Traditional medicine 3315: Others (7.69%) 2714:Preparing apricots. 2313:legislative assembly 1796:), the entire upper 1692:as done previously. 1560:Srinagar-Leh highway 1532:Srinagar-Leh Highway 1388:First Anglo-Sikh War 1276:Galdan Boshugtu Khan 1198:Ali Sher Khan Anchan 1151:expelled the mystic 1128:Mir Shamsuddin Iraqi 1029:Mirza Haidar Dughlat 762:who originated from 746:South Asia in 565 CE 721:Country of mountains 416:Vehicle registration 325: • Density 240:Member of Parliament 115:and Ladakh shown in 10452:Hemis National Park 9855:Drang-Drung Glacier 9773:Teram Shehr Plateau 9364:Sen, Sohini. 2015. 9284:A Journey in Ladakh 8791:"The Kashmir Times" 8719:on 1 September 2020 8642:on 20 January 2011. 8388:on 11 November 2013 8231:on 22 February 2012 7983:"Hockey Foundation" 7613:"Endangered Ladakh" 7509:on 13 December 2011 7356:on 5 September 2012 7299:on 30 November 2012 6631:2007EcoR...22...25N 6619:Ecological Research 6560:Namgail, T (2006). 6418:"Climate in Ladakh" 5472:"History of Ladakh" 5201:Mann, R.S. (2002). 5124:Pirumshoev, H. S.; 5089:La dvags rgyal rabs 4855:. 8 February 2012. 4849:"Fantasy frontiers" 4660:Jina, Ladakh (1996) 4448:. 17 October 2019. 4178:Pletcher, Kenneth, 3848:The Daily Excelsior 3769:Parliament of India 3582:and inheritance by 3546:is a high-altitude 3212:district. Majority 3136: Other (0.02%) 2882: 2756:between Punjab and 2681:Ladakh constituency 2640:Government of India 2317:Lieutenant Governor 2090:Ferdinand Stoliczka 2082:Ladakiella klimesii 1848:, China across the 1828:to the north, over 1730:Geography of Ladakh 1686:Lieutenant Governor 1681:Parliament of India 1476:At the time of the 1156:school of thought. 1120:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 947:another royal scene 583:river valleys. The 546:Government of India 227:Lieutenant Governor 161:Administering state 140: / 87:Sheep grazing near 85:From top to bottom: 11457:Karakoram Province 11219:Historical Regions 10745:Leh–Manali Highway 9641:Politics of Ladakh 9573:2010 Ladakh floods 9492:Black-necked crane 9314:Moorcroft, William 9124:Filippo De Filippi 9116:Desideri, Ippolito 8685:The Indian Express 8520:The Indian Express 8306:Ray, John (2005). 8081:on 31 January 2021 7777:on 1 December 2014 7618:The Times of India 7592:on 1 November 2021 7529:"Rural population" 7323:The Times of India 7136:. 5 October 2019. 7018:The Economic Times 6329:on 31 October 2014 6246:. 30 August 2019. 6103:on 19 October 2006 6025:The Indian Express 5956:The Indian Express 5907:The Times of India 5248:Trekking in Ladakh 4645:Encycl. Brit. XVI. 4510:on 8 December 2008 4025:disputed territory 4004:Polyandry in Tibet 3734: 3600: 3576: 3563: 3506: 3465: 3457: 3392:(noodle soup) and 3380: 2880: 2826: 2793: 2720: 2708: 2436:http://leh.nic.in/ 2321:President of India 2303:Politics of Ladakh 2295: 2189: 2178: 2078: 2070:black-necked crane 2060:Wildlife of Ladakh 2021: 1918:, Leh, Skardu and 1782: 1771: 1763: 1740: 1679:was passed by the 1677:reorganisation act 1675:In August 2019, a 1661: 1544: 1478:partition of India 1369: 1251: 1233: 1168: 1112: 1013:; nearer this way 955: 886: 878: 748: 492:between India and 317: • Total 288: • Total 149:34.16417; 77.58472 95:in northern Ladakh 11470: 11469: 11440:Jammu and Kashmir 11434:Jammu and Kashmir 11417: 11416: 11354:Jammu and Kashmir 11232: 11231: 11224:British Provinces 11204:Capitals in India 11176:Jammu and Kashmir 11148:Union territories 11008:Arunachal Pradesh 10953: 10952: 10949: 10948: 10896: 10895: 10792: 10791: 10783:Srinagar–Leh line 10777:Bhanupli–Leh line 10688: 10687: 10490:Siachen Base Camp 10424: 10423: 10157: 10156: 9865:Parkachik Glacier 9732:Saltoro Mountains 9622: 9621: 9537:Dogra–Tibetan War 9386:The Tibet Journal 9072:978-81-7387-031-6 8989:978-90-04-27180-7 8967:978-81-7387-057-6 8947:978-81-7387-124-5 8860:on 27 August 2017 8835:978-90-474-2171-9 8713:"ReachLadakh.com" 8339:on 26 March 2009. 8139:on 14 March 2013. 7900:978-93-83802-15-9 7825:on 16 August 2018 7819:BIRDING IN LADAKH 7020:. 5 August 2019. 6454:978-80-200-2826-6 6359:978-0-521-46796-4 6157:. 6 August 2019. 5983:Stobdan, Phunchok 5947:Stobdan, Phunchok 5857:978-0-231-14468-1 5818:978-0-8122-0531-2 5426:, pp. 15–16. 5399:978-1-4422-3462-8 5372:978-90-04-21653-2 5277:978-1-4828-4140-4 5214:978-81-7099-838-9 5188:978-1-108-02255-2 5146:978-92-3-103876-1 5126:Dani, Ahmad Hasan 5083:978-90-04-27180-7 5045:978-81-206-0769-9 4783:(25 March 2023). 4749:978-0-231-14554-1 4392:978-1-84904-621-3 4371:978-1-107-11162-2 4349:978-0-674-02855-5 4301:978-0-7656-8005-1 4281:978-0-300-19694-8 4248:978-0-415-93922-5 4214:978-0-7172-0139-6 3969:Om Mani Padme Hum 3919:Thiksey Monastery 3907:Shanti Stupa, Leh 3720:Deemed University 3356:Culture of Ladakh 3056: 3055: 2913:Percentage change 2904:Percentage change 2703:Street market in 2679:. The MP for the 2673:Indian parliament 2602: 2601: 2319:appointed by the 2086:William Moorcroft 1701:Thupstan Chhewang 1592:Nipponzan Myohoji 1528:Karakoram highway 1392:Jammu and Kashmir 1145:Noorbakshia Islam 1015:Lde-mchog-dkar-po 959:Lhachen Palgyigon 841:Umayyad Caliphate 835:and disappeared. 733:History of Ladakh 636:Jammu and Kashmir 617:Tibetan Buddhists 550:tourism in Ladakh 510:Jammu and Kashmir 442: 441: 215: • Body 113:Jammu and Kashmir 16:(Redirected from 11540: 11483:Regions of India 11436:(princely state) 11409:Gilgit-Baltistan 11314: 11313: 11259: 11252: 11245: 11236: 11235: 11043:Himachal Pradesh 10980: 10973: 10966: 10957: 10956: 10905: 10904: 10801: 10800: 10699: 10698: 10435: 10434: 10416:Bono-na festival 10349: 10348: 9691: 9690: 9614:Siachen conflict 9609:Kashmir conflict 9594:Demchok conflict 9507: 9506: 9439: 9429: 9422: 9415: 9406: 9405: 9368:. Niyogi Books. 9076: 9055: 9053: 9036: 9014: 8992: 8970: 8950: 8930: 8924: 8920: 8918: 8910: 8885: 8861: 8856:, archived from 8838: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8708: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8676: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8638:. Archived from 8632: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8602: 8596: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8572: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8561: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8512: 8506: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8482: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8471: 8462:. 23 July 2021. 8456: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8440:on 10 March 2022 8436:. Archived from 8430: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8404: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8384:. Archived from 8382:Himal Southasian 8373: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8330: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8303: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8277: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8195: 8186: 8185: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8135:. Archived from 8129: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8077:. Archived from 8069:(18 July 2011). 8067:Khagta, Himanshu 8063: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8031: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8009:"Ladakh culture" 8005: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7958:. Archived from 7952: 7946: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7911: 7905: 7904: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7821:. Archived from 7811: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7758: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7732: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7701: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7671: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7641: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7608: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7588:. Archived from 7582: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7556: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7508: 7501: 7493: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7470:. Archived from 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7424: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7372: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7345: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7334: 7315: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7298: 7291: 7283: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7272: 7257: 7251: 7250: 7245:(4th ed.). 7238: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7187: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7113: 7105: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7049: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7010: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6839: 6800: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6755: 6723: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6706: 6699: 6681: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6655: 6616: 6607: 6601: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6581: 6566: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6544: 6540: 6538: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6520: 6509: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6328: 6317: 6309: 6303: 6290: 6284: 6271: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6234: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6215: 6204: 6196: 6190: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6067: 6061: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6015: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5943: 5937: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5897: 5891: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5748: 5742: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5500: 5489: 5488: 5467: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5383: 5377: 5375: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5336: 5330: 5324: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5261: 5252: 5251: 5243: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5172: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5155: 5134: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5068: 5062: 5048: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4941: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4899: 4893: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4806: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4777: 4771: 4769: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4707: 4703: 4701: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4668: 4662: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4608: 4597: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4425: 4414: 4406: 4397: 4395: 4374: 4352: 4332: 4309: 4284: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4145:tertiary sources 4137: 4128: 4127: 4121: 4119: 4100: 4075: 4072: 4066: 4059: 4053: 4046: 4040: 4029:Gilgit-Baltistan 4021: 3999:Emblem of Ladakh 3964: 3952: 3940: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3892: 3880: 3680:Moravian Mission 3622:Chinese medicine 3614:Tibetan medicine 3327:Tibetic language 3314: 3304: 3294: 3284: 3274: 3264: 3254: 3244: 3166:Tibetan Buddhism 3141: 3135: 3125: 3115: 3105: 3095: 3085: 3075: 2883: 2879: 2850:Indian Air Force 2838:Daulat Beg Oldie 2341: 2340: 2270:stinging nettles 2225:Tibetan sand fox 2176:Ibexes in Ladakh 2145:Tibetan antelope 2002:Mamostong Kangri 1806:Lahaul and Spiti 1719: 1711: 1627:Kashmir Division 1456:Phuntsok Wangyal 1329: 1314: 1299: 1164:Thikse Monastery 1096:Medieval history 1076: 1064: 1048: 951:Mangyu Monastery 932: 929: 906: 903: 872: 869: 834: 831: 686:is derived from 661: 514:Gilgit-Baltistan 506:Himachal Pradesh 475: 474: 471: 470: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 438: 435: 433: 155: 154: 152: 151: 150: 145: 141: 138: 137: 136: 133: 105: 76: 65: 35: 34: 21: 11548: 11547: 11543: 11542: 11541: 11539: 11538: 11537: 11473: 11472: 11471: 11466: 11445: 11413: 11375: 11342: 11305: 11301:Siachen Glacier 11269: 11263: 11233: 11228: 11195: 11142: 10989: 10984: 10954: 10945: 10929: 10920:Line of Control 10892: 10841: 10821: 10815: 10788: 10765: 10723: 10684: 10501: 10494: 10480:Ladakh Marathon 10461: 10430: 10420: 10404: 10363: 10359:Music of Ladakh 10340: 10196:Daulat Beg Oldi 10163: 10153: 10097: 9986: 9900: 9879: 9875:Siachen Glacier 9838: 9777: 9746: 9722:Baltoro Muztagh 9710: 9680: 9618: 9582: 9546: 9496: 9465: 9447: 9441:Union Territory 9433: 9396: 9391: 9340:Peissel, Michel 9318:Trebeck, George 9275:Wayback Machine 9258:Wayback Machine 9188:Wayback Machine 9170:Wayback Machine 9149:Wayback Machine 9083: 9081:Further reading 9073: 9051: 9043:Petech, Luciano 9034: 9012: 8990: 8968: 8948: 8922: 8921: 8912: 8911: 8907: 8882: 8836: 8816: 8811: 8810: 8800: 8798: 8789: 8788: 8784: 8774: 8772: 8767:. Epilogue.in. 8763: 8762: 8758: 8748: 8746: 8737: 8736: 8732: 8722: 8720: 8709: 8705: 8695: 8693: 8678: 8677: 8673: 8663: 8661: 8660:on 4 March 2016 8654:"Thaindia News" 8652: 8651: 8647: 8634: 8633: 8629: 8619: 8617: 8604: 8603: 8599: 8589: 8587: 8580:Hindustan Times 8574: 8573: 8569: 8559: 8557: 8544: 8543: 8539: 8529: 8527: 8514: 8513: 8509: 8499: 8497: 8484: 8483: 8479: 8469: 8467: 8458: 8457: 8453: 8443: 8441: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8417: 8415: 8406: 8405: 8401: 8391: 8389: 8374: 8370: 8360: 8358: 8349: 8348: 8344: 8328: 8324: 8323: 8319: 8304: 8300: 8290: 8288: 8279: 8278: 8274: 8264: 8262: 8249: 8248: 8244: 8234: 8232: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8208: 8206: 8205:on 17 June 2009 8197: 8196: 8189: 8178: 8174: 8164: 8162: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8131: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8099: 8098: 8094: 8084: 8082: 8064: 8060: 8050: 8048: 8047:on 30 July 2013 8040:Greater Kashmir 8033: 8032: 8028: 8018: 8016: 8015:on 12 July 2006 8007: 8006: 8002: 7992: 7990: 7981:Sherlip, Adam. 7979: 7975: 7965: 7963: 7962:on 29 June 2011 7954: 7953: 7949: 7939: 7937: 7936:on 10 July 2011 7928: 7927: 7923: 7912: 7908: 7901: 7887: 7883: 7868: 7864: 7854: 7852: 7843: 7842: 7838: 7828: 7826: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7787: 7786: 7782: 7759: 7755: 7745: 7743: 7734: 7733: 7724: 7714: 7712: 7702: 7698: 7688: 7686: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7658: 7656: 7643: 7642: 7638: 7628: 7626: 7609: 7605: 7595: 7593: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7569: 7567: 7558: 7557: 7548: 7538: 7536: 7535:on 10 July 2011 7527: 7526: 7522: 7512: 7510: 7506: 7499: 7495: 7494: 7487: 7477: 7475: 7467:Greater Kashmir 7458: 7454: 7444: 7442: 7425: 7421: 7411: 7409: 7400: 7399: 7395: 7385: 7383: 7374: 7373: 7369: 7359: 7357: 7346: 7342: 7332: 7330: 7317: 7316: 7312: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7289: 7285: 7284: 7280: 7270: 7268: 7259: 7258: 7254: 7239: 7232: 7222: 7220: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7197:on 13 May 2013. 7189: 7188: 7184: 7174: 7172: 7157: 7153: 7143: 7141: 7128: 7127: 7123: 7107: 7106: 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7058:Economics Times 7050: 7037: 7027: 7025: 7012: 7011: 7007: 6997: 6995: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6971: 6969: 6962: 6946: 6942: 6935: 6919: 6915: 6905: 6903: 6876: 6872: 6857: 6853: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6798: 6792: 6788: 6773: 6769: 6724: 6720: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6679: 6673: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6614: 6608: 6604: 6599: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6579: 6564: 6558: 6554: 6542: 6541: 6532: 6531: 6524: 6522: 6518: 6507: 6501: 6497: 6466: 6462: 6455: 6441: 6437: 6427: 6425: 6416: 6415: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6390: 6389: 6385: 6380:on 2 July 2007. 6372: 6371: 6367: 6360: 6346: 6342: 6332: 6330: 6326: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6291: 6287: 6281:Wayback Machine 6272: 6263: 6253: 6251: 6243:Daily Excelsior 6236: 6235: 6228: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6187:Wayback Machine 6178: 6174: 6164: 6162: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6132: 6130: 6121: 6120: 6116: 6106: 6104: 6095: 6094: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6058:Wayback Machine 6049: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6016: 6012: 6002: 6000: 5985:(28 May 2020). 5980: 5976: 5966: 5964: 5949:(26 May 2020). 5944: 5940: 5931: 5927: 5917: 5915: 5898: 5894: 5881: 5877: 5867: 5865: 5858: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5819: 5803: 5799: 5792: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5749: 5745: 5724: 5720: 5713: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5562: 5558: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5530: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5501: 5492: 5486: 5468: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5434: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5410: 5406: 5400: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5355: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5335:, pp. 7–8. 5331: 5327: 5289: 5285: 5278: 5262: 5255: 5244: 5229: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5132: 5122: 5118: 5110: 5102:Petech, Luciano 5099: 5095: 5084: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5046: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4986: 4984: 4961: 4957: 4942: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4887: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4847: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4800: 4799: 4792: 4790: 4778: 4774: 4750: 4721: 4717: 4705: 4704: 4695: 4694: 4687: 4685: 4680:. 19 May 2011. 4670: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4654: 4636: 4634: 4625: 4621: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4595: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4511: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4477:Daily Excelsior 4470: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4453: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4417:egazette.nic.in 4412: 4408: 4407: 4400: 4393: 4376: 4372: 4355: 4350: 4333: 4325: 4310: 4302: 4287: 4282: 4265: 4258: 4256: 4249: 4232: 4224: 4222: 4215: 4200: 4198: 4191: 4189: 4175: 4168: 4166: 4155: 4153: 4138: 4131: 4117: 4115: 4102: 4101: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4060: 4056: 4047: 4043: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4008: 3979: 3972: 3965: 3956: 3953: 3944: 3941: 3932: 3931:Likir Monastery 3929: 3920: 3917: 3908: 3905: 3896: 3893: 3884: 3881: 3872: 3836:Sintic Magazine 3795:All India Radio 3791: 3785: 3684:Wazir-i Wazarat 3668: 3611: 3605: 3568: 3544:Ladakh Marathon 3498: 3485:Hemis monastery 3449: 3447:Music of Ladakh 3443: 3441:Music and dance 3370: 3362:Tibetan culture 3358: 3352: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3310: 3302: 3300: 3292: 3290: 3282: 3280: 3272: 3270: 3262: 3260: 3252: 3250: 3242: 3234: 3146: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3131: 3123: 3121: 3113: 3111: 3103: 3101: 3093: 3091: 3083: 3081: 3073: 3065: 2895:Kargil District 2878: 2785: 2716:Alchi Monastery 2697: 2669: 2649: 2607: 2354: 2339: 2333: 2305: 2297:Main articles: 2285: 2249: 2167:Tibetan gazelle 2101:palaeontologist 2062: 2056: 2054:Flora and fauna 2033:Chewang Norphel 1990:Apsarasas Group 1958:Siachen Glacier 1854:Tibetan Plateau 1838:Vale of Kashmir 1812:(including the 1732: 1726: 1717: 1709: 1670:union territory 1653: 1647: 1619: 1617:Ladakh Division 1564:Line of Control 1524:Sino-Indian War 1474: 1468: 1429:wazir-e-wazarat 1414:Moravian Church 1390:, the state of 1378:, a general of 1349: 1343: 1336: 1333:Hemis Monastery 1330: 1321: 1315: 1306: 1303:Likir Monastery 1300: 1187:Namgyal dynasty 1104: 1098: 1091: 1085:Likir Monastery 1077: 1068: 1065: 1056: 1053:Alchi Monastery 1049: 1035:(Xuangzhang's, 930: 924:Alchi Monastery 904: 870: 856: 850: 832: 740: 738:Ancient history 735: 729: 652: 585:Kargil district 554:Indian military 526:Siachen Glacier 482:union territory 452: 448: 430: 275: 175:31 October 2019 171:Union territory 148: 146: 142: 139: 134: 131: 129: 127: 126: 120: 96: 82: 81: 80: 79: 78: 77: 68: 67: 66: 50: 48:union territory 40: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11546: 11536: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11468: 11467: 11465: 11464: 11459: 11453: 11451: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11443: 11442:(Indian state) 11437: 11431: 11425: 11423: 11419: 11418: 11415: 11414: 11412: 11411: 11406: 11405: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11383: 11381: 11377: 11376: 11374: 11373: 11368: 11367: 11366: 11361: 11350: 11348: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11340: 11335: 11320: 11318: 11311: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11303: 11298: 11296:Kashmir Valley 11293: 11288: 11283: 11277: 11275: 11271: 11270: 11262: 11261: 11254: 11247: 11239: 11230: 11229: 11227: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11200: 11197: 11196: 11194: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11152: 11150: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11063:Madhya Pradesh 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11003:Andhra Pradesh 10999: 10997: 10991: 10990: 10983: 10982: 10975: 10968: 10960: 10951: 10950: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10943: 10937: 10935: 10931: 10930: 10928: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10911: 10909: 10902: 10898: 10897: 10894: 10893: 10891: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10849: 10847: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10839: 10834: 10831: 10825: 10823: 10817: 10816: 10814: 10813: 10807: 10805: 10798: 10797:Infrastructure 10794: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10787: 10786: 10780: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10763: 10758: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10731: 10729: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10709:Kargil Airport 10705: 10703: 10696: 10690: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10625:Shey Monastery 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10506: 10504: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10471: 10469: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10443: 10441: 10432: 10426: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10418: 10412: 10410: 10406: 10405: 10403: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10371: 10369: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10361: 10355: 10353: 10346: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10167: 10165: 10159: 10158: 10155: 10154: 10152: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10139:Saltoro Kangri 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10105: 10103: 10102:Mountain peaks 10099: 10098: 10096: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10023:Karakoram Pass 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9994: 9992: 9988: 9987: 9985: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9908: 9906: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9898: 9893: 9887: 9885: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9877: 9872: 9870:Shafat Glacier 9867: 9862: 9860:Machoi Glacier 9857: 9852: 9850:Chumik Glacier 9846: 9844: 9840: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9804:Mushkoh Valley 9801: 9796: 9791: 9785: 9783: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9758:Depsang Plains 9754: 9752: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9718: 9716: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9697: 9695: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9632: 9630: 9628:Administration 9624: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9590: 9588: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9554: 9552: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9513: 9511: 9504: 9498: 9497: 9495: 9494: 9485: 9475: 9473: 9467: 9466: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9432: 9431: 9424: 9417: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9395: 9394:External links 9392: 9390: 9389: 9382: 9377: 9362: 9347: 9337: 9325: 9311: 9304: 9297: 9287: 9280:Harvey, Andrew 9277: 9260: 9243: 9224: 9217: 9208: 9199: 9177: 9159: 9152: 9134: 9127: 9113: 9103: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9077: 9071: 9056: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9015: 9010: 8988: 8976:"Introduction" 8971: 8966: 8951: 8946: 8931: 8905: 8899:. p. 94. 8886: 8880: 8862: 8839: 8834: 8815: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8782: 8756: 8730: 8703: 8671: 8645: 8627: 8610:Prasar Bharati 8597: 8567: 8537: 8507: 8477: 8451: 8425: 8399: 8368: 8342: 8317: 8298: 8272: 8242: 8216: 8187: 8172: 8142: 8124: 8113:on 17 May 2014 8092: 8058: 8026: 8000: 7973: 7947: 7921: 7906: 7899: 7881: 7870:Motup, Sonam. 7862: 7836: 7815:"About Ladakh" 7806: 7780: 7753: 7722: 7696: 7666: 7636: 7603: 7577: 7546: 7520: 7485: 7474:on 4 June 2013 7452: 7419: 7393: 7382:on 17 May 2014 7367: 7340: 7310: 7278: 7252: 7230: 7200: 7182: 7151: 7134:Business Today 7121: 7102:Times of India 7088: 7077:on 21 May 2011 7062: 7035: 7005: 6979: 6960: 6940: 6933: 6913: 6890:(4): 438–442. 6870: 6851: 6809:(4): 490–496. 6786: 6767: 6738:(6): 934–941. 6718: 6667: 6602: 6593: 6552: 6495: 6476:(6): 646–651. 6460: 6453: 6435: 6409: 6383: 6365: 6358: 6340: 6304: 6285: 6261: 6226: 6191: 6172: 6140: 6114: 6088: 6062: 6043: 6010: 5974: 5938: 5925: 5892: 5886:Madras Sappers 5875: 5856: 5836: 5817: 5797: 5790: 5770: 5763: 5743: 5718: 5711: 5691: 5684: 5664: 5657: 5637: 5630: 5610: 5603: 5583: 5576: 5556: 5542: 5523: 5517: 5490: 5484: 5459: 5428: 5416: 5404: 5398: 5378: 5371: 5349: 5337: 5325: 5283: 5276: 5253: 5227: 5213: 5193: 5187: 5167: 5145: 5116: 5093: 5082: 5063: 5044: 5024: 4994: 4955: 4925: 4894: 4885: 4870: 4840: 4829:. 9 March 2022 4814: 4772: 4748: 4742:. p. 52. 4726:, ed. (2008). 4715: 4663: 4652: 4619: 4584: 4551: 4534:peakbagger.com 4521: 4495: 4463: 4437: 4398: 4391: 4370: 4348: 4323: 4300: 4280: 4247: 4213: 4129: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4067: 4054: 4041: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3858: 3852: 3840: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3817: 3784: 3781: 3758:G Kishan Reddy 3745:is located in 3673:Tibetan script 3667: 3664: 3607:Main article: 3604: 3601: 3567: 3564: 3534:Singge Namgyal 3497: 3494: 3445:Main article: 3442: 3439: 3369: 3366: 3354:Main article: 3351: 3348: 3311: 3301: 3291: 3281: 3271: 3261: 3251: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3138: 3132: 3122: 3112: 3102: 3092: 3082: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2877: 2874: 2846:Kargil Airport 2784: 2783:Transportation 2781: 2696: 2693: 2668: 2665: 2648: 2645: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2355:(2011 Census) 2351: 2348: 2345: 2335:Main article: 2332: 2329: 2284: 2283:Administration 2281: 2248: 2245: 2137:Tibetan argali 2058:Main article: 2055: 2052: 1936:Mushkoh Valley 1877:Eurasian Plate 1850:Karakoram Pass 1820:in the east), 1728:Main article: 1725: 1722: 1666:Kashmir valley 1646: 1643: 1618: 1615: 1470:Main article: 1467: 1464: 1398:under British 1396:princely state 1345:Main article: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1331: 1324: 1322: 1316: 1309: 1307: 1301: 1294: 1272:5th Dalai Lama 1210:Sengge Namgyal 1149:Zain-ul-Abidin 1100:Main article: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1078: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1059: 1057: 1050: 1043: 931: 1200 CE 898:Kyide Nyimagon 864:Kyide Nyimagon 862:The empire of 849: 846: 837:Karkota Empire 818:Tibetan Empire 739: 736: 731:Main article: 728: 725: 651: 648: 563:, followed by 522:Karakoram Pass 440: 439: 428: 424: 423: 418: 412: 411: 406: 400: 399: 389: 383: 382: 365: 361: 360: 351: 347: 346: 342: 341: 336: 330: 329: 326: 322: 321: 318: 314: 313: 309: 308: 305: 301: 300: 297: 293: 292: 289: 285: 284: 280: 279: 270: 266: 265: 260: 253: 252: 245:Mohmad Haneefa 242: 235: 234: 229: 222: 221: 216: 212: 211: 207: 206: 199: 193: 192: 183: 177: 176: 173: 167: 166: 163: 157: 156: 122: 121: 106: 98: 97: 83: 71: 70: 69: 60: 59: 58: 57: 56: 55: 52: 51: 45: 42: 41: 38: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11545: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11480: 11478: 11463: 11462:Panun Kashmir 11460: 11458: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11448: 11441: 11438: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11429:Gilgit Agency 11427: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11410: 11407: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11389: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11382: 11378: 11372: 11369: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11356: 11355: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11345: 11339: 11336: 11333: 11329: 11325: 11322: 11321: 11319: 11315: 11312: 11308: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11272: 11268: 11260: 11255: 11253: 11248: 11246: 11241: 11240: 11237: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11198: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11153: 11151: 11149: 11145: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11128:Uttar Pradesh 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10981: 10976: 10974: 10969: 10967: 10962: 10961: 10958: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10932: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10906: 10903: 10899: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10844: 10838: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10826: 10824: 10818: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10802: 10799: 10795: 10784: 10781: 10778: 10775: 10774: 10772: 10768: 10762: 10759: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10732: 10730: 10726: 10720: 10719:Military AGLs 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10706: 10704: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10691: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10585:Namgyal Tsemo 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10497: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10468: 10464: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10436: 10433: 10427: 10417: 10414: 10413: 10411: 10407: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10372: 10370: 10366: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10350: 10347: 10343: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10160: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10144:Sherpi Kangri 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10114:Chumik Kangri 10112: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10104: 10100: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9989: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9903: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9841: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9780: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9755: 9753: 9749: 9743: 9742:Kailash Range 9740: 9738: 9737:Zanskar Range 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9713: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9683: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9656:Ladakh Police 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9625: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9585: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9499: 9493: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9472: 9471:State symbols 9468: 9464: 9463: 9458: 9457: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9430: 9425: 9423: 9418: 9416: 9411: 9410: 9407: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9387: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9375: 9374:9789385285028 9371: 9367: 9363: 9360: 9359:0-19-564546-4 9356: 9352: 9348: 9345: 9341: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9329: 9326: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9312: 9309: 9305: 9302: 9298: 9295: 9291: 9290:Pandit, K. N. 9288: 9285: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9269: 9265: 9261: 9259: 9255: 9252: 9248: 9244: 9241: 9240:9789383098934 9237: 9233: 9229: 9225: 9222: 9218: 9216: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9203: 9200: 9197: 9193: 9192:Ivana Markova 9189: 9185: 9182: 9178: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9160: 9157: 9153: 9150: 9146: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9132: 9128: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9111: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9101:969-8141-13-8 9098: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9085: 9074: 9068: 9064: 9063: 9057: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9040: 9035: 9033:9789004271807 9029: 9025: 9021: 9016: 9013: 9011:9789004271807 9007: 9003: 8999: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8972: 8969: 8963: 8959: 8958: 8952: 8949: 8943: 8939: 8938: 8932: 8928: 8916: 8908: 8906:81-206-0769-4 8902: 8898: 8894: 8893: 8887: 8883: 8881:9788120610439 8877: 8873: 8872: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8846: 8840: 8837: 8831: 8827: 8823: 8818: 8817: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8770: 8766: 8760: 8744: 8740: 8734: 8718: 8714: 8707: 8691: 8687: 8686: 8681: 8675: 8659: 8655: 8649: 8641: 8637: 8631: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8601: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8571: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8541: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8511: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8481: 8465: 8461: 8455: 8439: 8435: 8429: 8413: 8409: 8403: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8372: 8356: 8352: 8346: 8338: 8334: 8327: 8321: 8313: 8309: 8302: 8286: 8282: 8276: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8246: 8230: 8226: 8220: 8204: 8200: 8194: 8192: 8183: 8176: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8146: 8138: 8134: 8128: 8112: 8108: 8107: 8102: 8096: 8080: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8062: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8036: 8030: 8014: 8010: 8004: 7988: 7984: 7977: 7961: 7957: 7951: 7935: 7931: 7925: 7917: 7910: 7902: 7896: 7892: 7885: 7877: 7873: 7866: 7851:on 2 May 2012 7850: 7846: 7840: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7794: 7790: 7784: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7757: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7711: 7707: 7700: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7670: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7640: 7624: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7607: 7591: 7587: 7581: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7534: 7530: 7524: 7505: 7498: 7492: 7490: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7456: 7440: 7436: 7435: 7430: 7423: 7407: 7403: 7397: 7381: 7377: 7371: 7355: 7351: 7344: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7314: 7295: 7288: 7282: 7266: 7262: 7256: 7248: 7247:Lonely Planet 7244: 7237: 7235: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7196: 7192: 7186: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7155: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7125: 7117: 7111: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7059: 7055: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7009: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6967: 6963: 6961:9788189422363 6957: 6953: 6952: 6944: 6936: 6934:9789401780292 6930: 6926: 6925: 6917: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6874: 6866: 6862: 6855: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6782: 6778: 6771: 6763: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6722: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6606: 6597: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6548: 6536: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6499: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6464: 6456: 6450: 6446: 6439: 6423: 6419: 6413: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6379: 6375: 6369: 6361: 6355: 6351: 6344: 6325: 6321: 6314: 6308: 6300: 6295: 6289: 6282: 6278: 6275: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6249: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6233: 6231: 6216:on 6 May 2021 6212: 6208: 6201: 6195: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6176: 6160: 6156: 6155: 6150: 6144: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6102: 6098: 6092: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6047: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6014: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5984: 5978: 5962: 5958: 5957: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5935: 5932:Bammi, Y.M., 5929: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5887: 5879: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5849: 5848: 5840: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5801: 5793: 5791:9788173870866 5787: 5783: 5782: 5774: 5766: 5764:9788170249641 5760: 5756: 5755: 5747: 5740: 5736: 5735:East and West 5732: 5728: 5722: 5714: 5712:9788120814042 5708: 5704: 5703: 5695: 5687: 5685:9788173870866 5681: 5677: 5676: 5668: 5660: 5658:9788179750124 5654: 5650: 5649: 5641: 5633: 5631:9788120814042 5627: 5623: 5622: 5614: 5606: 5604:9788173870576 5600: 5596: 5595: 5587: 5579: 5577:9788185182759 5573: 5569: 5568: 5560: 5545: 5543:9788173871245 5539: 5535: 5534: 5527: 5520: 5518:9788120814042 5514: 5510: 5506: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5487: 5485:9788120814325 5481: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5464: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5432: 5425: 5420: 5413: 5408: 5401: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5382: 5374: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5347:, p. 86. 5346: 5341: 5334: 5329: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5293:, p. 7: 5292: 5287: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5260: 5258: 5249: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5216: 5210: 5206: 5205: 5197: 5190: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5171: 5152: 5148: 5142: 5138: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5097: 5090: 5085: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5067: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5028: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4898: 4889: 4881: 4874: 4858: 4854: 4853:The Economist 4850: 4844: 4828: 4824: 4818: 4810: 4804: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4781:Alastair Lamb 4776: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4724:Saul B. Cohen 4719: 4711: 4699: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4656: 4649: 4646: 4632: 4631: 4623: 4605: 4601: 4594: 4588: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4566:Outlook India 4562: 4555: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4483: 4479: 4478: 4473: 4467: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4405: 4403: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4373: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4351: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4331: 4326: 4324:9780197638408 4320: 4316: 4308: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4126: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4097: 4092: 4071: 4064: 4058: 4051: 4045: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4016: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3989:Ladakh Scouts 3987: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3970: 3963: 3958: 3951: 3946: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3915: 3910: 3903: 3898: 3891: 3886: 3879: 3874: 3873: 3864: 3863: 3862:Kashmir Times 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3830:Ladags Melong 3828: 3825: 3824:Kargil Number 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3697: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3674: 3663: 3661: 3656: 3654: 3653:sea buckthorn 3650: 3648: 3641: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3596: 3592: 3590: 3585: 3584:primogeniture 3581: 3572: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3469:Tibetan music 3461: 3453: 3448: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3378: 3374: 3365: 3363: 3357: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3308: 3298: 3288: 3278: 3268: 3258: 3248: 3240: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3129: 3119: 3109: 3099: 3089: 3079: 3071: 3060: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2873: 2871: 2870:Omar Abdullah 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2789: 2780: 2778: 2773: 2771: 2765: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2725: 2717: 2712: 2706: 2701: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2289: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2205:Eurasian lynx 2202: 2198: 2197:snow leopards 2194: 2186: 2182: 2174: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2163:status symbol 2160: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2017: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2006:Singhi Kangri 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1978:Pangong range 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896:Zanskar Range 1893: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1800:, the remote 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1780: 1775: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1736: 1731: 1721: 1715: 1706: 1703:. The former 1702: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1657: 1652: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1376:Zorawar Singh 1374: 1371:In 1834, the 1366: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1334: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1298: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1284:Zungar Empire 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1229: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1108: 1103: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1075: 1070: 1063: 1058: 1054: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 971:Demchok Karpo 968: 964: 960: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 925: 920: 916: 914: 911:, now called 910: 905: 900 CE 899: 895: 891: 882: 876: 871: 930 CE 865: 860: 855: 845: 842: 838: 827: 824:(present day 823: 819: 815: 810: 808: 804: 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 768:Kushan Empire 765: 761: 757: 753: 744: 734: 724: 722: 719:) and Ripul ( 718: 713: 711: 707: 702: 700: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 657: 647: 645: 641: 637: 633: 628: 626: 622: 619:) (40%), and 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 587:contains the 586: 582: 578: 574: 571:contains the 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 473: 446: 437: 429: 425: 422: 419: 417: 413: 410: 407: 405: 404:ISO 3166 code 401: 397: 393: 390: 388: 384: 381: 377: 373: 369: 366: 362: 359: 355: 352: 348: 343: 340: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 281: 278: 274: 271: 267: 264: 261: 259: 256: • 254: 250: 246: 243: 241: 238: • 236: 233: 230: 228: 225: • 223: 220: 217: 213: 208: 205: 202: 200: 198: 194: 191: 187: 184: 182: 178: 174: 172: 168: 164: 162: 158: 153: 125:Coordinates: 123: 118: 114: 110: 104: 99: 94: 90: 86: 75: 64: 53: 49: 43: 36: 30: 19: 18:Ladakh, India 11397:Muzaffarabad 11387:Azad Kashmir 11370: 11328:Rutog County 11324:Hotan County 11286:Balawaristan 11180: 11023:Chhattisgarh 10500:Indo-Tibetan 10475:Khurnak Fort 10149:Tiger Saddle 10129:India Saddle 10119:Ghent Kangri 10088:Spanggur Gap 10038:Lachulung La 9834:Aryan valley 9727:Ladakh Range 9483:Snow leopard 9460: 9454: 9444: 9385: 9379: 9365: 9350: 9343: 9331: 9321: 9307: 9300: 9293: 9283: 9263: 9246: 9232:Niyogi Books 9227: 9220: 9211:Magic Ladakh 9210: 9201: 9195: 9173: 9155: 9142:Google Books 9137: 9130: 9119: 9109: 9088: 9061: 9047: 9023: 9001: 8979: 8956: 8936: 8891: 8870: 8858:the original 8844: 8825: 8799:. Retrieved 8785: 8773:. Retrieved 8759: 8747:. Retrieved 8733: 8721:. Retrieved 8717:the original 8706: 8694:. Retrieved 8683: 8674: 8662:. Retrieved 8658:the original 8648: 8640:the original 8630: 8618:. Retrieved 8600: 8588:. Retrieved 8579: 8570: 8558:. Retrieved 8549: 8540: 8528:. Retrieved 8519: 8510: 8498:. Retrieved 8489: 8480: 8468:. Retrieved 8454: 8442:. Retrieved 8438:the original 8428: 8416:. Retrieved 8402: 8390:. Retrieved 8386:the original 8381: 8371: 8359:. Retrieved 8345: 8337:the original 8332: 8320: 8307: 8301: 8289:. Retrieved 8275: 8263:. Retrieved 8254: 8245: 8233:. Retrieved 8229:the original 8219: 8207:. Retrieved 8203:the original 8181: 8175: 8165:14 September 8163:. Retrieved 8154: 8145: 8137:the original 8127: 8115:. Retrieved 8111:the original 8104: 8095: 8083:. Retrieved 8079:the original 8074: 8061: 8049:. Retrieved 8045:the original 8038: 8029: 8017:. Retrieved 8013:the original 8003: 7991:. Retrieved 7976: 7964:. Retrieved 7960:the original 7950: 7938:. 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Retrieved 4416: 4381: 4360: 4338: 4328: 4314: 4305: 4291: 4270: 4257:, retrieved 4237: 4223:, retrieved 4203: 4190:, retrieved 4180: 4167:, retrieved 4157: 4123: 4116:, retrieved 4107: 4070: 4057: 4044: 4023:Ladakh is a 4019: 3860: 3854: 3846: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3808: 3792: 3771:amended the 3766: 3755: 3735: 3710:In 1994 the 3709: 3706: 3698: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3669: 3657: 3646: 3642: 3635: 3629: 3612: 3588: 3577: 3541: 3538: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3507: 3480: 3466: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3384:Tibetan food 3381: 3359: 3320: 3238: 3162:Shina people 3147: 3118:Christianity 3069: 3057: 2890:Leh District 2876:Demographics 2827: 2794: 2776: 2774: 2766: 2762: 2747: 2734: 2730: 2728: 2721: 2670: 2659:headed by a 2657:police force 2650: 2638: 2635: 2627: 2613:, they are: 2608: 2358:Established 2347:Headquarters 2306: 2275:Physochlaina 2273: 2261: 2257: 2254:seabuckthorn 2250: 2243:are common. 2213:Tibetan wolf 2209:Pallas's cat 2190: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2140: 2134: 2124:Asiatic ibex 2120:snow leopard 2109: 2081: 2079: 2045: 2037: 2022: 1998:Teram Kangri 1994:Rimo Muztagh 1986:Pangong Lake 1974:Ladakh Range 1971: 1967:Saser Kangri 1955: 1940: 1889: 1873:Indian Plate 1870: 1826:Nubra Valley 1798:Indus Valley 1783: 1741: 1694: 1674: 1662: 1639: 1620: 1596: 1588:Peace Pagoda 1569: 1545: 1509: 1475: 1458:, a Tibetan 1453: 1448: 1440: 1428: 1420: 1418: 1403: 1370: 1335:in the 1870s 1318:Phyang Gompa 1256: 1252: 1246:festival in 1205: 1190: 1180: 1169: 1141:Balti people 1113: 1089:Leh district 1036: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 995:Dpal-gyi-gon 994: 992: 956: 887: 814:Tang dynasty 811: 807:Bon religion 800: 795: 791: 787: 783: 749: 720: 717:Land of snow 716: 714: 705: 703: 696: 683: 679: 675: 667: 653: 629: 569:Leh district 558: 542: 444: 443: 277:LAHDC Kargil 232:B. D. 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