139:
linkages. The scope of non-compliance was increased including due to lack of coordination with other related authorities. With respect to the private developer contending that the lake would be a unique recreational place, others felt that the entry fee per person would cause socio-economic exclusion of the traditional users such as farmers, fishing communities, cattle herders and washer–men. Environmentalists mentioned adverse affects on the lake's wetland ecology including lakes being reduced to pretty hygienic bowls. In 2008 public interest litigations, including one by
Environmental Support Group, seeking redress were filed. In 2012 the High Court sought an end to privitisation of lakes. However it made a number of observation including "private participation in such projects is in accordance with national water policy". The final order contained a report titled "Preservation of Lakes in the City of Bangalore" (2011).
135:
dealing with encroachments. In coordination with LDA, several organisations and funding agencies were involved such as an Indo–Norwegian collaboration, and the
National Lake Conservation Programme (NLCP) under the central government. The LDA, under its public-private participation policy, began to lease out lakes for 15 years to private bodies. In 2005 and 2006, it leased out four lakes, Hebbal, Nagavara, Venkanayakere and Agara. The LDA contended that the organisation was not adequately staffed and that they did not have the finances for maintaining lakes on an ongoing basis; hence, the alternative was leasing out lakes to private parties. Under another scheme, private companies located near lakes were offered to adopt the lakes, only five lakes were adopted.
121:
creating a superseding agency for the purpose of protecting, conserving, reclaiming, restoring, regenerating and integrating the development of lakes, whether natural or man-made in the state of
Karnataka. The KCLDA was reported to have successfully prevented encroachments onto urban lakes during its
134:
The
Karnataka government set up the Lake Development Authority (LDA) in July 2002, with an initial mandate of regeneration and conservation of lakes within BMRDA jurisdiction. While LDA's scope was large, it was reduced to giving clearance to lake related projects. It was considered ineffective in
138:
These private sector activities resulted in protests from citizen groups. Issues raised and social damage caused due to this privatization covered a wide range of factors. This included jurisdiction limitations where lakes were not addressed as a continuum with land nor with respect to inter-lake
113:
Lake
Development Authority was created by Government order on 10 July 2002 as a registered society for the monitoring, regeneration and conservation of lakes in and around Bangalore city, later extended in 2003 to all lakes within Karnataka municipal corporations. Rendered ineffective and largely
105:(LDA) in Bangalore, Karnataka, and its successor the Karnataka Lake Conservation and Development Authority (KCLDA) were formed in 2002 and 2015 respectively. Karnataka Tank Conservation and Development Authority (KTCDA) under the Minor Irrigation Department became the superseding agency.
125:
In 2016, the KLCDA 2014 Act was repealed, and regulatory jurisdiction over the state's lakes handed over to the Minor
Irrigation Department. Activists claim the act was repealed to appease special interests.
704:
114:
inactive due to a lack of statutory authority, staffing, branch offices and funding the LDA claimed it could only feasibly play a role in mediate between citizens and the custodians of the lakes.
146:(KLCDA), LDA was merged into this. KLCDA was done away with in 2018. Responsibilities of the KLDCA was transferred to the Karnataka Tank Conservation and Development Authority (KTCDA).
430:
600:
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791:
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231:
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205:
375:
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825:
626:
731:
370:, Social and Economic Change Monograph Series 17, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, pp. 22–23,
856:
78:
431:"Governing the Commons through privatisation in the urban Global South: A Case of Bangalore Lakes Privatisation"
404:
142:
This eventually resulted in the
Karnataka legislature introducing an act resulting in the formation of the
311:
92:
285:
486:
546:
463:
512:
256:
705:"Controversy over Siva statue in Begur lake, Bengaluru, communalises an environmental issue"
577:
336:
8:
799:
765:
371:
165:"Bengaluru lacks buffer zones, raja kaluves, data and will to protect lakes: CAG"
601:"Karnataka revives dying lakes: Why a decentralised governance was long overdue"
850:
803:
769:
362:
232:"'Commercial interest cannot drive lake conservation in Bengaluru'"
339:. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 9 March 2006
653:"Despite order on restoration, lakes continue to be threatened"
119:
Karnataka Lake
Conservation and Development Authority Act 2014
64:
Karnataka Tank
Conservation and Development Authority (KTCDA)
61:
Karnataka Lake
Conservation and Development Authority (KLCDA)
117:
To address these deficiencies, the Government passed the
627:"Disappearance and privatisation of lakes in Bangalore"
435:
blogs.ucl.ac.uk UCL Encyclopaedia of Political Ecology
792:"Death knell for KLCDA before it could even take off"
144:
Karnataka Lake Conservation and Development Authority
732:"Karnataka Lake Authority might just save the lakes"
678:"High court sets guidelines on lake privatization"
568:Gandhi, Divya; Shivanand, Swathi (25 July 2007).
848:
456:"Of the dangers posed by privatisation of lakes"
356:
354:
567:
487:"Lake policy misguided, says forest department"
397:"Impact of Privatisation of Lakes in Bangalore"
257:"Cases on protection of lakes. Bangalore lakes"
187:"Without KCLDA, city lakes left high and dry!"
351:
180:
178:
758:"New lake development authority by December"
394:
703:Sayeed, Vikhar Ahmed (11 September 2021).
364:Vanishing Lakes: A Study of Bangalore City
309:
175:
513:"High Court stays privatisation of lakes"
510:
484:
428:
360:
203:
598:
283:
229:
162:
624:
429:Ganesh, Maya; Cao, Yue (10 June 2014).
230:Dasgupta, Sanyukta (19 November 2011).
849:
823:
729:
702:
536:
511:Khandekar, Supriya (4 November 2008).
424:
422:
401:Centre for Education and Documentation
184:
631:partagedeseaux.info Global Watersheds
539:"Campaign against lake privatisation"
390:
388:
386:
279:
277:
204:Bharadwaj, KV Aditya (1 April 2018).
129:
16:Former government agency in Bangalore
826:"Whom do you call to fix your lake?"
284:Sengupta, Sushmita (15 March 2015).
185:Thakur, Aksheev (28 February 2018).
163:Upadhaya, Himanshu (4 August 2015).
817:
789:
755:
650:
644:
599:Aggarwal, Shivangi (17 June 2021).
419:
13:
824:Swaraj, Shilpa M. (21 July 2022).
790:Rao, Mohit M. (23 February 2018).
651:Rao, Bhargavi S (8 January 2021).
485:Yeshwanth, Rajeev (24 June 2008).
383:
329:
303:
274:
261:Centre for Science and Environment
14:
873:
756:Rao, Mohit M. (2 November 2015).
337:"National Lake Conservation Plan"
310:Kozhisseri, Deepa (15 May 2008).
783:
749:
723:
696:
670:
618:
592:
561:
530:
504:
478:
448:
206:"Governor signs lake amendment"
730:Khanna, Bosky (31 July 2015).
537:Gandhi, Divya (18 June 2008).
462:. 23 June 2008. Archived from
249:
223:
197:
156:
1:
149:
108:
570:"A farewell to Hebbal lake?"
312:"Bangalore lakes leased out"
7:
862:State agencies of Karnataka
122:short period of operation.
10:
878:
830:Citizen Matters, Bengaluru
625:Valérie, Fernando (2008).
517:Citizen Matters, Bengaluru
491:Citizen Matters, Bengaluru
103:Lake Development Authority
27:Government Agency overview
22:Lake Development Authority
395:D'Souza, Rohan s (2007).
87:
71:
54:
39:
31:
26:
857:Government of Bangalore
93:Archived site of KLCDA
361:Thippaiah, P (2009),
549:on 21 September 2008
55:Superseding agencies
286:"Saving city lakes"
23:
682:The Times of India
580:on 18 October 2007
407:on 29 October 2008
130:Lake privatisation
21:
377:978-81-7791-116-9
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403:. Archived from
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191:Deccan Chronicle
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684:. 12 April 2012
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466:on 28 June 2008
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169:Citizen Matters
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79:KLCDA Act 2014
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44:
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736:Deccan Herald
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657:Deccan Herald
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605:Down to Earth
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316:Down to Earth
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236:Down to Earth
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835:30 September
833:. Retrieved
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809:22 September
807:. Retrieved
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773:. Retrieved
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713:. Retrieved
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660:. Retrieved
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610:24 September
608:. Retrieved
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578:the original
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551:. Retrieved
547:the original
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522:18 September
520:. Retrieved
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496:18 September
494:. Retrieved
490:
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468:. Retrieved
464:the original
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405:the original
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343:18 September
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321:18 September
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72:Key document
35:10 July 2002
18:
711:. The Hindu
584:8 September
553:8 September
470:8 September
411:8 September
851:Categories
150:References
109:Background
804:0971-751X
796:The Hindu
775:3 October
770:0971-751X
762:The Hindu
709:Frontline
574:The Hindu
543:The Hindu
460:The Hindu
210:The Hindu
40:Dissolved
88:Website
45: (
802:
768:
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32:Formed
368:(PDF)
837:2022
811:2022
800:ISSN
777:2022
766:ISSN
743:2022
717:2022
690:2022
664:2022
638:2022
612:2022
586:2022
555:2022
524:2022
498:2022
472:2022
442:2022
413:2022
372:ISBN
345:2022
323:2022
297:2022
268:2022
243:2022
217:2019
101:The
47:2015
43:2015
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