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934:) with fish which was packed in ice at Kasenga and transported from there in trucks. It was estimated in 1950 there were 50 Greek boats catching 4,000 short tons (3,600 t) of fresh fish per year. It would take a week for a boat to do the round trip to the lake and fill its hold, lined with ice carried on board.
646:
blue line, and the extent of floodplain is shown as a dotted line. The towns are, in Zambia: 1 Chiengi, 2 Kashikishi, 3 Nchelenge, 4 Mwansabombwe, 5 Mwense; in DR Congo: 6 Pweto, 7 Kilwa, 8 Kasenga. Other features: 9: Chisenga Island, 10 the largest swamp island (in DR Congo), 11 the main floodplain.
645:
Lake Mweru and its main inlets, the lower
Luapula River and its swamps, and the Kalungwishi. Also shown is Mweru's outlet, the Luvua River going on north to the Lualaba and Congo rivers. Water shows up as black in this false-colour NASA satellite image. The extent of the swamps is shown by the solid
669:
to
Tanganyika is an area which was exposed to European influence at a very early date, when the lakes were the chief entrance to Northern Rhodesia. Although Kilwa Island is closer to the western shore, it was allocated to Northern Rhodesia, and consequently Zambia has 58% of the lake waters, and DR
673:
The first
Belgian outposts on the lake were set up at Lukonzolwa and Pweto which were at various times the headquarters of their administration of Katanga. They stamped out the slave trade going north-east around the lake. The first mission station on the lake was established in 1892 by Scottish
717:
The move of the boma from
Chiengi to Kalungwishi had the effect of leaving the Belgian boma at Pweto a free rein at the northern end of the lake, leading a hundred years later to about 33 square kilometres (13 sq mi) of Zambian territory next to Pweto being ceded to the DR Congo (then
742:, and Kasenga supplied its workforce with fish. Since 1960, political crises, government neglect and wars on the Congolese side have produced a deterioration in infrastructure, while peace on the Zambian side has produced an increase in population and services, causing the balance to change.
450:
almost as wide as the southern end of the lake. In a number of respects, the lower river and lake can be treated as one entity. For a lake in a region with pronounced wet and dry seasons, Mweru does not change much in level and area. The annual fluctuation in level is 1.7 metres (5 ft
781:, there are two other inhabited islands in the lake: Zambia's Isokwe Island of 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi), and a 2 square kilometres (0.77 sq mi) Congolese island next to the mouth of the Luapula. (Two other islands in the Luapula swamps have shores on the lake).
937:
In recent decades the catch has declined due to over-fishing and is estimated at 13,000 long tons (13,000 t) tonnes caught from 4,500 small craft, mainly plank boats. Congolese fishermen catch the most despite having a slightly smaller share of the waters. The
Tilapia are caught by
824:
at the outlet of the Luvua River, a distance of nearly 300 kilometres (190 mi) if a stop at Kilwa was included. Boats still ply that route today. Water transport is less used on the
Zambian side, except to Kilwa Island, Isokwe Island and Chisenga Island (in the Luapula swamps).
590:
capital to see the lake 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) distant. However, they were more interested in trade routes than discovery, they had approached from the south and their movements were restricted by Mwata
Kazembe, and they did not provide an account of it. Explorer and missionary
455:
and floodplain which tend to regulate the water flow, absorbing the annual flood and releasing it slowly, and partly because Mweru's outlet, the Luvua, drops quickly and flows swiftly, without vegetation to block it. A rise in Mweru is quickly offset by a faster flow down the Luvua.
459:
Mweru's average length is 118 kilometres (73 mi) and its average width is 45 kilometres (28 mi), with its long axis oriented northeast–southwest. Its elevation is 917 metres (3,009 ft), quite a bit higher than
Tanganyika (763 metres (2,503 ft)). It is a
733:
and the town of
Kasenga a few hours by boat up the Luapula River became the most developed in the Luapula-Mweru valley, and until the 1960s was the main commercial centre with better services and infrastructure than elsewhere. The
909:
who settled in
Kasenga, DR Congo, on the western bank of the Luapula 150 kilometres (93 mi) upriver from the lake in the first half of the 19th Century. They used boats built in Greek style powered by
701:
further down the trade route, this was enough to end the slave trade going east from Mweru, but not enough to bring Mwata Kazembe under British rule, and a military expedition had to be sent in 1899 from
1016:, and wars in DR Congo between 1996 and 2003 have not helped. 60 years ago the western and northern shores of the lake were home to large herds of elephant, the Luapula floodplain supported herds of
598:
Livingstone witnessed the devastation and suffering caused by the slave trade in the area to the north and east of Mweru, and his accounts did help rally opposition to it. The last of the
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Mweru is shallow in the south and deeper in the north, with two depressions in the north-eastern section with maximum depths of 20 and 27 metres (66 and 89 ft).
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road on the Zambian side was tarred to Nchelenge in 1987; the population around the lake has grown, much of it exploiting the rich fishery of the lake. When the
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586:. The Portuguese must have known of the lake, and the visitors only had to walk to higher ground about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Kazembe's
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fish are more recent processes in the area). Catfish (one species of which grows up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in length), a kind of carp,
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85:
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The dirt roads on the Congolese side have been neglected and are in poor condition, and many people cross into Zambia to travel by road. See
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50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Kilwa in DR Congo by dirt road, and 23 kilometres (14 mi) west of the lake. The mine was sold by
767:
330:
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1272:
Vol I, No. 2 pp7-13 (1950). Accessed 2 April 2007. "Lacerda was probably the first European to see Lake Mweru," p7. Greek fishermen: p8.
126:
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mines shed workers in the 1980s and 1990s, many ex-miners relocated to the lake shores, particularly around Nchelenge-Kashikishi.
618:
in 1892 both passed by on their way to seek treaties with Msiri. The Stairs Expedition killed Msiri and took Katanga for the King
1510:
1448:
AR Bos, CK Kapasa and PAM van Zwieten: "Update on the bathymetry of Lake Mweru (Zambia), with notes on water level fluctuations".
490:(also known as the Mweru Marshes) lies about 50 kilometres (31 mi) to its east, and north of the Kalungwishi. It is mostly
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950:, originally from beaches but now using lights on boats at night to attract the fish which are then scooped up in fine nets.
942:, and do not reach the size they once did. Since the 1980s, 'chisense' fishing increased. This method is used to catch small
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from Kilwa to Nchelenge, a distance of 44 kilometres (27 mi), then drive 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) to a copper
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of 1999–2003, from which it is still recovering. Many refugees entered Zambia at Pweto and were accommodated in camps in
602:
trading in the area was as late as the 1890s, however. Meanwhile, between 1870 and 1891, skirmishes and wars between the
1040:. Most animal populations have been reduced by hunting, loss of habitat, and poaching. On the Zambian side perhaps only
1388:
FAO website: Tilleke Kiewied: "Socio-Economic Study of Fishing Communities along Lake Mweru, Luapula Province, Zambia."
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and neighbouring chiefs and traders unsettled the area. Few Europeans had visited Mweru since Livingstone, until
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7 in), with seasonal highs in May and lows in January. This is partly because the Luapula drains out of the
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kingdoms, the last being on the southern shores of Mweru. Western trade routes went from those kingdoms to the
1251:
online at NRZAM.org: Dr Blair Watson: "The Occupation of Kilwa Island - Extracts from District Notebook No. 6"
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Many fishing villages dot Mweru's shores. A number are seasonal camps. The main towns on the Zambian side are
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622:. Sharpe left one of his officers to set up the first colonial outpost in the Luapula-Mweru valley, the
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most of the time, but in times of high flood it may overflow into the Kalungwishi and Lake Mweru.
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online at NZRAM.org: J B W Anderson: "Kilwa Island and the Luapula." Vol II, No. 3 pp87–88 (1954)
882:, which traditionally were dried on racks or mats in the sun and packed in baskets for market. (
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in the mountains 75 kilometres (47 mi) south-west of the lake may be in better condition.
703:
595:, who referred to it as 'Moero', is credited with its discovery during his travels of 1867-'8.
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Harare, 1994. Accessed 30 March 2007.
389:, it makes up 110 kilometres (68 mi) of the total length of the Congo, lying between its
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977:, an Australian company, in March 2010. When the mine is operating, heavy trucks carrying
8:
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1433:
Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996.
1181:"Update on the bathymetry of Lake Mweru (Zambia), with notes on water level fluctuations"
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on the western shores of the lake developed faster than the Northern Rhodesian side, the
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and is located 150 kilometres (93 mi) west of the southern end of the largest,
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despite being regarded as "truly beautiful". Lack of access in the past, a lack of
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to get treaties to use the trade route between their territories of Mozambique and
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beyond, but the rift valley escarpment is less pronounced on the eastern shore.
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The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa from 1865 to his Death
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online at NRZAM.org: Denis Paine: "Lake Mweru - Its Fish and Fishing Industry."
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online at NRZAM.org: D U Peters: "Visit to Kilwa Island and the African Palm".
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P Master, P. Dumont and H. Ladmirant: "Age Constraints On The Luizi Structure"
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Moore, R. J. (April 1937). "Industry and Trade on the Shores of Lake Mweru".
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and its swamps may temporarily have a larger area, but not a larger volume.
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Anvil sells its 90% stake in Dikulushi mine in DRC for 28% of MWE in scrip
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Commercial fishing on Lake Mweru and the Luapula River was pioneered by
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations website
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on the lake as a base at one time. They used trade routes from
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472:. The western shore of the lake in DR Congo exhibits the steep
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to the Kalungwishi, with one or two British officers (such as
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The Mweru area was served only by dirt roads until the main
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Southern end of the lake from space, June 1993 (false color)
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from the east. At its north end the lake is drained by the
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862:(Boulenger, 1899), a haplochromine cichlid from Lake Mweru
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and actually takes water from the Kalungwishi through a
419:, which comes in through swamps from the south, and the
427:, which flows in a northwesterly direction to join the
1453:, 31 (1) : 145–150 (2006). Accessed 4 March 2007.
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The western shore of Luapula-Mweru became part of the
1405:, published: 1 March 2010, accessed: 29 December 2010
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Vol II, No. 1 pp 9−23 (1953). Accessed 30 March 2007.
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784:The Congolese side of the lake was affected by the
567:, so Mweru lay on a transcontinental trade route.
1484:Democratic Republic of Congo Waterways Assessment
1044:has tourism potential. On the Congolese side the
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738:mines started up more quickly than those of the
119:
435:. It is the second-largest lake in the Congo's
1546:Democratic Republic of the Congo–Zambia border
1179:AR Bos, CK Kapasa and PAM van Zwieten (2006).
407:, so it is often referred to as just 'Mweru'.
1521:Lakes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
476:typical of a rift valley lake, rising to the
92:
58:
547:on Lake Tanganyika to Mweru and then to the
75:Show map of Democratic Republic of the Congo
682:at Luanza on the Belgian side of the lake.
725:After 1900, the Belgian Congo province of
1460:World Lakes Database entry for Lake Mweru
1292:. Two volumes, John Murray, London, 1874.
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1427:
1222:64th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting
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898:and sardine-like fish are also caught.
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1479:A Trans-Africa Inland Waterway System?
1346:
1147:accessed 29 March 2007. When in flood
266:38.2 km (31,000,000 acre⋅ft)
1301:
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922:. They supplied the workforce of the
710:) to do that job (see the article on
410:
242:5,120 km (1,980 sq mi)
1415:Anvil Mining: "Dikulushi Operation".
1256:
866:Mweru has always been noted for its
722:for further details and references.
13:
1451:African Journal of Aquatic Science
1185:African Journal of Aquatic Science
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501:
486:A smaller very marshy lake called
14:
1557:
1467:
1446:For area, depth and volume data:
1224:. (2001). Accessed 30 March 2007.
981:cross Mweru on a large motorised
1474:Zambia tourism info with picture
1253:. Vol III No. 1 pp70-74, (1956).
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808:operated a regular service by a
766:(the town opposite the island),
578:and others visited Kazembe from
464:lying in the Lake Mweru-Luapula
387:Democratic Republic of the Congo
381:. Located on the border between
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84:
57:
50:
33:
1424:Website accessed 30 March 2007.
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1114:Luapula Province border dispute
720:Luapula Province border dispute
1511:Lakes of the Great Rift Valley
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1008:Lake Mweru is undeveloped for
654:and the eastern shore part of
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1:
1541:Geography of Luapula Province
1516:International lakes of Africa
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377:'s second-longest river, the
1456:For distances: Google Earth.
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762:, and on the DR Congo side,
403:means 'lake' in a number of
7:
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1046:Parc National de Kundelungu
1042:Mweru Wantipa National Park
1026:Mweru Wantipa National Park
1022:Lusenga Plain National Park
574:traders/explorers Pereira,
468:, which is a branch of the
446:The Luapula forms a swampy
415:Mweru is mainly fed by the
16:Lake in Zambia and Congo DR
10:
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339:not a well-defined measure
282:917 m (3,009 ft)
1420:28 September 2007 at the
1355:Northern Rhodesia Journal
1268:Northern Rhodesia Journal
1249:Northern Rhodesia Journal
1197:10.2989/16085910609503882
1163:Northern Rhodesia Journal
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855:Drawing of a syntype of
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226:131 km (81 mi)
1378:accessed 30 March 2007.
1237:article for references.
397:(downstream) segments.
250:7.5 m (25 ft)
234:56 km (35 mi)
918:, later replaced with
863:
704:British Central Africa
647:
637:Historical development
570:Between 1796 and 1831
511:The lake was known to
373:on the longest arm of
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258:27 m (89 ft)
1374:14 March 2008 at the
1032:, a great variety of
1014:wildlife conservation
872:Oreochromis macrochir
854:
746:Centres of population
644:
620:Leopold II of Belgium
1489:20 July 2021 at the
576:Francisco de Lacerda
478:Kundelungu Mountains
905:fishermen from the
820:on the Luapula and
714:for more details).
138: /
1442:General references
1403:Business Spectator
1235:Lake Mweru Wantipa
1109:Lake Mweru Wantipa
907:Dodecanese islands
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843:for more details.
841:Congo Pedicle road
648:
614:in 1890–1 and the
431:and thence to the
411:Physical geography
109:Show map of Africa
1282:David Livingstone
1089:Kalungwishi River
1074:Rift Valley lakes
930:(later the whole
680:Plymouth Brethren
656:Northern Rhodesia
616:Stairs Expedition
593:David Livingstone
470:East African Rift
421:Kalungwishi River
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279:Surface elevation
182:Kalungwishi River
164:Rift Valley lakes
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1120:
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1100:
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1079:Luapula River
1077:
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1067:
1056:
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916:steam engines
913:
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712:Alfred Sharpe
709:
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688:
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664:
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652:Belgian Congo
643:
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621:
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612:Alfred Sharpe
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488:Mweru Wantipa
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438:
434:
430:
429:Lualaba River
426:
422:
418:
417:Luapula River
408:
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398:
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391:Luapula River
388:
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301:Isokwe Island
298:
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257:
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247:Average depth
245:
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178:Luapula River
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123:
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87:
69:
53:
43:
36:
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1188:
1184:
1161:
1156:
1145:Google Earth
1066:Lakes portal
1030:Cape buffalo
1007:
971:Anvil Mining
957:
944:pelagic fish
936:
924:copper mines
900:
896:elephantfish
875:
871:
865:
856:
838:
827:
813:
803:
783:
779:Kilwa Island
776:
749:
724:
716:
695:Blair Watson
684:
676:Dan Crawford
672:
666:
663:protectorate
649:
597:
569:
541:Indian Ocean
533:Kilwa Island
519:traders (of
510:
485:
482:
458:
445:
414:
400:
399:
355:
351:
347:
346:
297:Kilwa Island
271:Shore length
263:Water volume
239:Surface area
101:
67:
26:
18:
1531:Congo River
1084:Luvua River
979:concentrate
975:Mawson West
963:Copper Mine
796:districts.
674:missionary
670:Congo 42%.
531:) who used
507:Exploration
425:Luvua River
395:Luvua River
307:Settlements
223:Max. length
196:Luvua River
145: /
120:Coordinates
1506:Lake Mweru
1500:Categories
1125:References
1020:, and the
932:Copperbelt
928:Lubumbashi
874:), called
860:moeruensis
834:Copperbelt
816:, between
768:Lukonzolwa
756:Kashikishi
740:Copperbelt
667:Lake Mweru
580:Mozambique
572:Portuguese
474:escarpment
368:freshwater
364:Ziwa Mweru
348:Lake Mweru
331:Lukonzolwa
315:Kashikishi
255:Max. depth
231:Max. width
102:Ziwa Mweru
99:Lake Mweru
68:Ziwa Mweru
65:Lake Mweru
27:Ziwa Mweru
24:Lake Mweru
1340:143768444
1324:0001-9720
960:Dikulushi
940:gill nets
914:-fuelled
892:tigerfish
800:Transport
790:Mporokoso
752:Nchelenge
708:Nyasaland
633:in 1891.
492:endorheic
311:Nchelenge
1487:Archived
1418:Archived
1372:Archived
1233:See the
1205:86387950
1052:See also
1034:antelope
912:charcoal
880:Chibemba
806:Belgians
794:Kawambwa
777:Besides
699:Abercorn
588:Kanyembo
565:Atlantic
537:Zanzibar
209:DR Congo
1332:1155780
1288:(ed.):
1094:Kazembe
1010:tourism
1004:Tourism
998:Namibia
990:smelter
983:pontoon
948:kapenta
946:called
888:salting
884:Smoking
847:Fishery
818:Kasenga
760:Chiengi
727:Katanga
691:Chiengi
678:of the
660:British
631:Chiengi
624:British
561:Kazembe
539:on the
517:Swahili
366:) is a
360:Swahili
319:Chiengi
292:Islands
133:28°43′E
1536:Miombo
1338:
1330:
1322:
1304:Africa
1203:
1018:lechwe
994:Tsumeb
965:is an
954:Mining
920:diesel
812:, the
584:Angola
529:slaves
525:copper
466:graben
383:Zambia
375:Africa
213:Zambia
130:9°00′S
1336:S2CID
1328:JSTOR
1201:S2CID
1104:Msiri
986:ferry
903:Greek
822:Pweto
772:Pweto
764:Kilwa
689:from
608:Msiri
606:king
600:slave
549:Lunda
545:Ujiji
521:ivory
496:dambo
448:delta
433:Congo
401:Mweru
379:Congo
356:Mwero
352:Mwelu
327:Kilwa
323:Pweto
203:Basin
1353:The
1320:ISSN
1284:and
1266:The
1247:The
1160:The
1038:lion
1036:and
1024:and
958:The
886:and
876:pale
804:The
792:and
770:and
758:and
687:boma
658:, a
627:boma
604:Yeke
557:Yeke
553:Luba
527:and
515:and
513:Arab
385:and
371:lake
358:) (
211:and
159:Type
1312:doi
1193:doi
992:in
973:to
926:in
870:, (
665:.
629:at
559:or
543:to
1502::
1334:.
1326:.
1318:.
1308:10
1306:.
1258:^
1220:.
1199:.
1189:31
1187:.
1183:.
1171:^
1133:^
1000:.
996:,
894:,
774:.
754:,
555:,
551:,
523:,
443:.
362::
354:,
329:,
325:,
321:,
317:,
313:,
1342:.
1314::
1207:.
1195::
706:(
341:.
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