804:
Michael (17 March 2021) in Stuff) was identified, a sense check recalculation was done and the non academic source was unable to be verified up to August 2023, as it implies a 30 m odd change in relative lake levels from the present. The sense check calculation took the following into account. GPS data since it has been available shows that this area of the Taupo Rift is sinking relative to the coast and this has remained linear for the last 16 years at NZ Geonet station RGTA on Mount
Tarawera. It seems reasonable to assume that the outlet of Lake Tarawera and the land around the present Rotomahama has sunk at a similar rate towards a. s. l.. If this is not the case, then this predicts that between 1885 and 2016 one of the lakes, could have sunk up to 1.9 m relative to the other. Perhaps the most likely deviation, looking at other nearby GNS stations, is only 0.5 m but for sense check purposes the biggest possible difference was allowed as GNS rate of change data was not available for one estimate. GNS datum rate of change at all Bay of Plenty sea side locations is less than a tenth of the value inland and sea level change due to ice cap melting is also not likely to be significant in the calculation since 1886. An historic assumption that the old Lake Rotomahana level was about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) higher than Lake Tarawera, is likely incorrect as the difference is documented to be 12 m (39 ft) in a pre 1886 source. So as we have a disagreement of about 10 m difference in lake levels at the time of the eruption from these two sources different assumptions. What we have left to know is the relative change in lake level of Lake Tarawera. In 2005 Hodgson and Nairn did this working forwards from 1886. The relative change data for Lake Tarawera, is known, as initially its outlet was blocked by the 1886 eruption with the lake level rising by 12.8 m. The 1904 volcanic debris dam break dropped the level by 3.35 m and since then there has been minimal change. So we know that the 1886 level was 9 m lower than the current Lake Tarawera level but to this must add 1.9 m so the 1886 level was 7.1 m lower than present. The current lake level as of 2016 was 340 m of Lake Rotomahana, with a known difference in current lake levels between Tarawera and Rotomahana of 39 m. The sense check suggests the relative difference of lake levels historically as of 1886 was similar to this current difference and is within 5 m of the present value but the absolute heights above a.s.l. will have changed in over 100 years by about 2 m.
405:. After the eruption a new Lake Rotomakariri to its east briefly existed before being incorporated by lake level rise into the present lake. The now lake floor was mostly dry when surveyed in the period 1886 to 1888 after the eruption, and it is possible to match these observations with current geolocated hydrophonic findings. High quality pictures of the old Lake Rotomahana and associated tourist attractions were widely available in Europe by 1875. Following the eruption, a number of craters filled over the course of 15 years to form today's Lake Rotomahana. As a result it is the most recently formed large natural lake in New Zealand, and at 118 m (387 ft) deep, the deepest in the Rotorua district. The former official depth was previously 112.4 m (369 ft), at a lower lake level and with less precise equipment. The lake bottom currently has up to 37 m (121 ft) of sediments, which means the Rotomahana crater bottom is 185 m (607 ft) above sea level.
398:. In the context of the geological discussion it is important to note a high standard hydrophonic survey took place in 2016 and the actual absolute measurements taken at this time, as lake level varies, are used for geological baseline. At this time the lake level was 340 m (1,120 ft), not the geographically mapped height of 337 m (1,106 ft), or the mean height of 338.7 m (1,111 ft). Lake Rotomahana has no natural surface outlet, and its water level varies by about one metre in response to rainfall and evaporation. There is now an engineered surface channel to maintain maximum lake level. Hydrogeologic models of the catchments in the Ōkataina Caldera predict that the Lake Rotomahana catchment is contributing subsurface to the Lake Tarawera catchment with an outflow, depending upon the size of the catchments so defined, of between 1,125–3,018 L/s (39.7–106.6 cu ft/s).
770:
diameter) lakelet also known as Green Lake (Lake
Rotopounamu) had existed to the north of Lake Rotomahana in Waikanapanapa Valley but this was exhumed during the Tarawera eruption. After the eruption, water flowed into the new Green Lake crater, which was given the same name as the older lake. Other pre-eruption lakes and lakelets about Lake Rotomahana included Lakes Rotomakariri, Rangipakaru, Ruahoata and Wairake. The shape, location and orientation of Lake Makariri in Cole, 1970 (cited herein) is incorrect. He followed August Petermann's flawed map. Hochstetter shows the lake axis lay at an azimuth of 355 degrees. Recent research into these lake levels gave insight into changes at Lake Rotomahana in the lead-up to the eruption.
454:
31:
682:
626:
47:
625:
74:
467:
387:
718:, who visited the lake in 1859. Hochstetter's journals are the only known survey of the terraces before the eruption. Using Hochstetter's field diaries and compass data, a team of New Zealand researchers identified a location where they believe the Pink and White Terraces lie preserved at a depth of 10–15 metres (32–49 ft). The researchers were hoping to raise funds for a full survey of the area, but any work would first have to be approved by the local
54:
412:, separated by less than 700 metres (2,300 ft) of terrain that is mostly material from the 1886 eruption. The original Lake Rotomahana has a slightly controversial level with respect to that of Lake Tarawera before 1886, partially because the eruption also changed the level of Lake Tarawera and there was a later lowering of Lake Tarawera's level around 1904.
786:
The placement of the sunken forest would have been post-eruption, via the mechanism described by the US Forest
Service after the Mt. St. Helens eruption. The trees were uprooted in the eruption and propelled into the crater during or after the eruption. As the new lake formed over decades, the trunks
782:
of Lake
Rotomahana. In 2016 when a scuba team first dove the lake, they found no evidence of a sunken forest or trees, as reported by Fitzgerald off Moura. While there were forests over the pre-eruption Mt Tarawera, Tōtara trees were scattered and only recorded over the western and southern mountain
481:
inhabits the lake, and there are efforts underway to ensure the lake's largest island, Pātītī Island, is kept pest-free. Recent research confirms Pātītī Island is the closest surviving pre-eruption feature on the old lake, i.e. to survive the 1886 eruption, being formerly known as
Rangipakaru Hill.
710:
Scientists thought they had rediscovered the lower tiers of the Pink and White
Terraces on the lake bed at a depth of 60 metres (200 ft) in 2011. More recent research reports over 2016-2020 suggest the upper parts of both terraces lie on land and may therefore be accessed for physical evidence
722:
tribe on whose sacred ancestral land the Pink and White
Terraces are situated. Ground penetrating radar searches were undertaken in 2017 but the equipment failed to penetrate sufficiently deeply to show whether or not the terraces lay in their surveyed locations. Later Hochstetter survey research
803:
These academic literature figures for the difference in water level between the old and present Lake
Rotomahana differ mainly due to different assumptions and absolute baselines relative to sea level (a. s. l.). Because a recent 2021 claim of 60 m difference by a non-academic media source (Daly,
769:
Green Lake was formed in a roughly circular crater and is some 100 metres in diameter. It takes its name from its distinctive colour, which is considerably greener and darker than that of
Rotomahana. The lake formed after the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera. Prior to the eruption, a small (~12m
706:
were a natural wonder on the shores of the lake before the 1886 eruption. They were considered to be the eighth wonder of the natural world and were New
Zealand's most famous tourist attraction during the 19th century, from c. 1870-1886; but were buried or destroyed by the eruption.
692:
The current, post eruption Lake Rotomahana occupies almost all of the gray shaded 1886 eruption crater as mapped in 1887/88. This diagram also shows with white annotations the approximate location of the old Lake Rotomahana and to its east the old
787:
floated for a time, then tipped vertically; later descending into a vertical lie, and became embedded into the lake floor coming to resemble a sunken forest. Hence, another myth about the Tarawera eruption and Lake Rotomahana is explained.
446:. The latest determination is 47 MW. The hydrothermal system that feeds still active geothermal features on the lake shore and had fed the Pink Terraces at the western side of the lake, has a heat flux of 21.3 W/m. There is an area southwest of
426:
deposited muddy material widely and many metres thick especially to the northeast. One or other of the lakes that existed before the eruption is the likely origin of shells of water-snails found, in a sample of fresh ash from
1506:
1690:
435:. Essentially the new crater evacuated material to a depth of at least 60 m (200 ft) where the pre-eruption lakes had been and possibly as much as 80 m (260 ft) in places.
883:
689:
422:
and would have also been associated with lake sediments deposited at least in the time since the 1314 ± 12 CE Kaharoa eruption of Mount Tarawera. The eruption process which was
1220:
Hodgson, K. A.; Nairn, I. A. (2005). "The c. AD 1315 syn-eruption and AD 1904 post-eruption breakout floods from Lake Tarawera, Haroharo caldera, North Island, New Zealand".
1816:
The geology of New Zealand in explanation of the geographical and topographical atlas of New Zealand : also, lectures by Dr F. Hochstetter delivered in New Zealand
783:
flanks. Given Tōtara tree groves could hardly appear in the eruption craters; it appears likely any sunken forest lies in the north-east corner of the new lake.
394:
Lake Rotomahana is one of the most studied lakes in New Zealand, occupying the southwestern portion of a 17-kilometre-long (11 mi) rift which formed during the
1467:"Commentary: Locating Relict Sinter Terrace Sites at Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand, with Ferdinand von Hochstetter's Legacy Cartography, Historic Maps, and LIDAR"
447:
311:
1924:
Contains Figure 1 Hochstetter’s method-of-squares map 1859 of old Lake Rotomahana, which is only surveyed map pre-1886 not subject to other's artistic license
1441:
697:. Water had commenced filling the crater, especially at its eastern end where a new lake Rotomakariri had come into existence by the time of the survey.
1546:
Bunn, Rex; Nolden, Sascha (2017-06-07). "Forensic cartography with Hochstetter's 1859 Pink and White Terraces survey: Te Otukapuarangi and Te Tarata".
415:
The consensus range of difference with current water level between the old and current Lake Rotomahana appears to be 35–48 m (115–157 ft).
1933:
884:"Nitrogen discharge from the groundwater system to lakes and streams in the greater Lake Tarawera catchment GNS Science Consultancy Report 20151108"
1666:
1714:
401:
Before the 1886 eruption, two small lakes were present in the current lake's basin and perhaps six smaller ponds. The other lake was called
111:
1953:
962:
de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Caratori Tontini, Fabio; Keam, Ronald F. (2018) . "Where are the Pink and White Terraces of Lake Rotomahana?".
1591:"Te Tarata and Te Otukapuarangi: Reverse engineering Hochstetter's Lake Rotomahana Survey to map the Pink and White Terrace locations"
723:
refined the Pink, Black and White Terrace locations. The issue of whether any of the terraces remain continues to remain unresolved.
1532:
477:
The lake is a wildlife refuge (and was one prior to first contact), with all hunting of birds prohibited. A healthy population of
1968:
925:
485:
A boat cruise on the lake, visiting hydrothermal features on the lake's shore, is available as an additional extra from the
1790:
Bunn, A. R. (2019). Hochstetter’s survey of the Pink and White Terraces: the final iteration. Surveying+Spatial 99, 30–35.
1640:
734:
1194:
1958:
486:
365:
1923:
1938:
1299:"Pre-conference tephra data workshop – Hands-on session II: tephra excursion, Okareka Loop Road (29 January 2023)"
378:. and the surrounds of the lake had become world famous following its first European written description in 1843.
1394:
Tivey, Maurice A.; de Ronde, Cornel E.J.; Caratori Tontini, Fabio; Walker, Sharon L.; Fornari, Daniel J. (2016).
1031:
395:
349:
241:
1973:
1963:
997:
46:
1027:
356:. It is the most recently formed larger natural lake in New Zealand, and the deepest in the Rotorua district.
1173:
616:
1613:
1069:
1046:
1149:
681:
1767:
1740:
1395:
1928:
715:
375:
1070:"Groundwater in the Okataina caldera:Model of future nitrogen loads to Lake Tarawera CBER Report 94"
703:
450:
that has a heat flux averaging 13 W/m that appears to be in a lake floor crater created in 1886.
438:
The current average conductive heat flux is at least three times higher than that either beneath
482:
There is no public access to the lake, save for the Tourist Track, overland from Lake Tarawera.
97:
453:
306:
268:
203:
1478:
1407:
1355:
1276:
1117:
148:
1814:
8:
493:
457:
Steaming cliffs on shore of Lake Rotomahana (photograph taken sometime before April 1908)
1885:
Nicholls, J.L. (1963). "Vulcanicity and indigenous vegetation in the Rotorua district".
1482:
1411:
1359:
1121:
353:
170:
1799:
Cole, J. W., (1970) "Structure and eruptive history of the Tarawera volcanic complex",
1571:
1255:
1237:
979:
177:
1396:"A novel heat flux study of a geothermally active lake — Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand"
1343:
1575:
1563:
1423:
1419:
1371:
1367:
1319:
1298:
1241:
983:
921:
825:
de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Caratori Tontini, Fabio; Walker, S. L.; Black, Jenny (2020).
694:
642:
633:
402:
1590:
159:
1820:
1555:
1486:
1415:
1363:
1229:
1125:
971:
834:
1559:
1233:
975:
763:
185:
731:
A small lake, Green Lake, lies close to the eastern shore of Lake Rotomahana at
719:
1130:
1105:
478:
470:
345:
227:
217:
191:
1872:
1947:
1824:
1813:
Fisher, C.F.; Petermann, August Heinrich; von Hochstetter, Ferdinand (1864).
1567:
1491:
1466:
1427:
1375:
826:
749:
736:
669:
466:
409:
386:
126:
113:
30:
1344:"Conductive heat flow through the sediments in Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand"
920:. Wellington: DSIR Science Information Publishing Centre. pp. 471–474.
443:
439:
432:
87:
1068:
Gillon, Nicolas; White, Paul; Hamilton, David; Silvester, Warwick (2009).
143:
408:
The lake's northern shore lies close to the 39-metre (128 ft) lower
334:
1174:"Tarawera Eruption Map Showing the Great Fissure and Points of Eruption"
73:
838:
714:
The 2017- research relied on the journals of German-Austrian geologist
711:
the terraces or sections of them survived in their original locations.
178:
204:
1197:. Sampson Low, Marston Low, and Searle, Crown buildings, Fleet Street
1106:"Resolving the 1886 White Terraces riddle in the Taupō Volcanic Zone"
1741:"Surveying+Spatial September 2019 : Survey Spatial New Zealand"
1715:"Pink and White Terraces discovery announcement premature, says iwi"
1641:"The Quest to Rediscover New Zealand's Lost Pink and White Terraces"
1321:
Variations of the Inferno Crater Lake cycles, insights from new data
1393:
824:
428:
419:
1667:"Lost natural wonder in New Zealand may be found, say researchers"
342:
338:
1768:"Surveying+Spatial June 2018 : Survey Spatial New Zealand"
1028:"Part II. - Northern Island - Northern Districts - Chapter XXV"
1000:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 6 August 2019.
423:
211:
subsurface of at least 1,125 L/s (39.7 cu ft/s).
1812:
1903:
Walker, T. (2017) “Learning the Lessons of Mount St Helens”,
1067:
961:
330:
1533:"A natural wonder lost to a volcano has been rediscovered"
881:
348:, and its geography was substantially altered by a major
1193:
Mundy, Daniel Louis; von Hochstetter, Ferdinand (1875).
1691:"The missing eighth wonder of the world has been found"
1151:
Report on the Eruption of Tarawera and Rotomahana, N.Z.
1507:"Eighth wonder of world 'rediscovered' in New Zealand"
496:
inflow from the Okaro catchment via the Haumi Stream.
492:
The nitrogen load on the lake is stable, but has high
1589:
Bunn & Nolden, Rex & Sascha (December 2016).
1318:
Furst, Severine; Hurst, Tony; Scott, Bradley (2014).
915:
882:
White, P; Toews, M; Tschritter, C; Lovett, A (2016).
1195:"Rotomahana; and the boiling springs of New Zealand"
1192:
916:Lowe, D.J.; Green, J.D. (1987). Viner, A.B. (ed.).
1588:
1945:
778:One forgotten lake feature is the semi-mythical
773:
104:
1341:
1317:
762:. It should not be confused by the much larger
390:Steaming cliffs on the shore of Lake Rotomahana
1855:The Pink and White Terraces Revisited, Rotorua
1460:
1458:
1400:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
1215:
1213:
1211:
418:The original lake formed in an area of mostly
352:. Along with the mountain, it lies within the
341:. It is immediately south-west of the dormant
1801:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
1335:
1222:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
1143:
1141:
535:Haumi Stream above Watmangu Stream confluence
337:, located 20 kilometres to the south-east of
1389:
1387:
1385:
1219:
1058:Information panel at Lake Rotomahana's shore
957:
877:
875:
1873:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9YHJjPTrX8
1548:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
1455:
1208:
1166:
1154:Wellington, New Zealand: Government Printer
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1025:
1010:
964:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
955:
953:
951:
949:
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939:
937:
873:
871:
869:
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865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
369:
1887:Proceedings of the N.Z. Ecological Society
1852:
1614:"Did the 8th Wonder of the World Survive?"
1545:
1138:
1061:
680:
617:Pink and White Terraces § Rediscovery
610:
1490:
1442:"Patiti Island Environmental Restoration"
1382:
1129:
593:3,174 L/s (112.1 cu ft/s)
1884:
1857:. Levin, New Zealand.: H. F. Fitzgerald.
1762:
1760:
1290:
1086:
934:
852:
766:, which lies to the west of Rotomahana.
465:
452:
385:
1033:Travels in New Zealand [Vol. I]
368:gives a translation of "warm lake" for
53:
16:Lake in the North Island of New Zealand
1946:
1819:. Auckland, New Zealand: T. Delattre.
1296:
1147:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
649:
640:
631:
1869:Quest for the Pink and White Terraces
1837:
1757:
1635:
1633:
1530:
1015:. Stuttgart: Cotta. pp. 393–394.
667:
658:
601:estimated subsurface other catchments
571:26 L/s (0.92 cu ft/s)
560:166 L/s (5.9 cu ft/s)
538:110 L/s (3.9 cu ft/s)
527:168 L/s (5.9 cu ft/s)
1738:
1611:
1464:
1103:
831:GNS Science Rotorua Lakes Map Series
827:"Bathymetric map of Lake Rotomahana"
604:30 L/s (1.1 cu ft/s)
582:56 L/s (2.0 cu ft/s)
549:58 L/s (2.0 cu ft/s)
1664:
1040:
900:
222:83.3 km (32.2 sq mi)
13:
1630:
1342:Whiteford, PC; Graham, DJ (1994).
78:Bathymetric map of Lake Rotomahana
14:
1985:
1954:Lakes of the Bay of Plenty Region
1929:Pink & White Terraces photos
1917:
1665:Roy, Eleanor Ainge (2017-06-12).
366:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
273:8.9 km (3.4 sq mi)
1939:The Pink and White terraces 2011
1420:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.006
1036:. John Murray. pp. 382–383.
624:
499:
487:Waimangu Volcanic Valley tourism
72:
52:
45:
29:
1969:1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera
1897:
1878:
1861:
1846:
1842:. Wellington: Reed. p. 58.
1831:
1806:
1793:
1784:
1732:
1707:
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1658:
1605:
1582:
1539:
1524:
1499:
1434:
1311:
1269:
1248:
1186:
1011:Hochstetter, Ferdinand (1867).
797:
396:1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera
350:1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera
329:is an 890-hectare (2,200-acre)
184:Haumi Stream, Te Kauae Stream,
1595:Journal of New Zealand Studies
1531:Wylie, Robin (28 April 2016).
1297:Lowe, David; Ilanko, Tehnuka.
1052:
1019:
1004:
990:
818:
1:
1560:10.1080/03036758.2017.1329748
1234:10.1080/00288306.2005.9515128
976:10.1080/03036758.2018.1474479
811:
774:The Sunken Totara Forest Myth
726:
1853:Fitzgerald, Herbert (2014).
1368:10.1016/0375-6505(94)90017-5
1026:Dieffenbach, Ernest (1843).
918:Inland waters of New Zealand
764:Lake Rotokakahi (Green Lake)
431:, and in an ash sample from
297:338.7 m (1,111 ft)
7:
1256:"Geonet Sensor Search:RGTA"
10:
1990:
1471:Frontiers in Earth Science
1444:. Waimangu Volcanic Valley
1131:10.3389/feart.2023.1007148
1110:Frontiers in Earth Science
614:
461:
381:
359:
1277:"Geonet Sensor Plot:RGTA"
1148:Thomas, A. P. W. (1888).
716:Ferdinand von Hochstetter
317:
305:
301:
293:
289:118 m (387 ft),
285:
277:
267:
263:2.8 km (1.7 mi)
259:
255:6.2 km (3.9 mi)
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176:
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103:
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40:
28:
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1959:Okataina Volcanic Centre
1825:10.5962/bhl.title.155224
1492:10.3389/feart.2020.00068
998:"1000 Māori place names"
790:
1772:www.surveyspatialnz.org
1745:www.surveyspatialnz.org
704:Pink and White Terraces
611:Pink and White Terraces
281:51 m (167 ft)
35:Lake Rotomahana in 2011
750:38.25000°S 176.47167°E
474:
458:
391:
370:
1964:Volcanic crater lakes
1871:, rushes, 7.30-8.30,
1104:Bunn, A. Rex (2023).
469:
456:
389:
1875:, uploaded 6/5/2016.
780:sunken totara forest
755:-38.25000; 176.47167
516:Mean inflow to lake
149:Volcanic crater lake
1974:Taupō Volcanic Zone
1838:Marsh, Sid (1991).
1803:13, 4. pp. 879–902.
1618:Condé Nast Traveler
1483:2020FrEaS...8...68B
1412:2016JVGR..314...95T
1360:1994Geoth..23..527W
1122:2023FrEaS..1107148B
746: /
506:
494:trophic level index
420:rhyolytic eruptives
190:unnamed streams on
123: /
1739:Bunn, Rex (2019).
1465:Bunn, Rex (2020).
839:10.21420/E4FK-8P15
590:from precipitation
568:Farm Track Culvert
504:
475:
473:on Lake Rotomahana
459:
392:
127:38.267°S 176.450°E
1934:The 1886 eruption
927:978-0-477-06799-7
695:Lake Rotomakariri
608:
607:
576:Rotomahana Stream
403:Lake Rotomakariri
324:
323:
294:Surface elevation
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1438:
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1380:
1379:
1354:(5–6): 527–538.
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354:Ōkataina Caldera
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205:Primary outflows
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171:Ōkataina Caldera
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230: countries
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500:Water Inflows
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448:Pātītī Island
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410:Lake Tarawera
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278:Average depth
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1867:Bunn, A. R.
1863:
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1840:Divers Tales
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1795:
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1775:. Retrieved
1771:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:
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1723:. Retrieved
1718:
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1698:. Retrieved
1694:
1685:
1674:. Retrieved
1671:the Guardian
1670:
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1649:. Retrieved
1647:. 2017-09-06
1644:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1607:
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1584:
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1515:. Retrieved
1513:. 2017-06-12
1510:
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1325:. Retrieved
1320:
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1302:. Retrieved
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
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1221:
1199:. Retrieved
1188:
1177:. Retrieved
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1150:
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1076:. Retrieved
1063:
1054:
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890:. Retrieved
842:. Retrieved
830:
820:
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713:
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644:Rotomakariri
521:Haumi Stream
491:
484:
476:
440:Lake Rotorua
437:
433:Cape Runaway
417:
414:
407:
400:
393:
374:, following
363:
333:in northern
326:
325:
269:Surface area
210:
196:
189:
167:Part of
88:North Island
18:
1348:Geothermics
1013:New Zealand
753: /
741:176°28′18″E
489:operation.
376:Hochstetter
335:New Zealand
252:Max. length
233:New Zealand
130: /
105:Coordinates
1948:Categories
1777:2019-12-27
1750:2019-12-27
1725:2018-03-30
1700:2018-03-30
1676:2018-03-30
1651:2018-03-30
1623:2018-03-30
1517:2018-03-30
1448:2014-12-30
1406:: 95–109.
1304:2023-03-21
1201:2022-10-16
1179:2023-08-19
812:References
738:38°15′00″S
727:Green Lake
662:Rotomahana
479:black swan
471:Black swan
444:Lake Taupō
371:Rotomahana
318:References
286:Max. depth
260:Max. width
197:subsurface
162:: Hot lake
1695:NewsComAu
1576:134907436
1568:0303-6758
1554:: 39–56.
1428:0377-0273
1376:0375-6505
1327:19 August
1282:22 August
1261:22 August
1242:129163031
1158:17 August
1078:26 August
984:134563209
970:: 36–59.
892:26 August
844:31 August
155:Etymology
144:Lake type
1905:Creation
1893:: 58–65.
1601:: 37–53.
673:Tarawera
579:at swamp
505:Inflows
429:Tauranga
424:basaltic
118:176°27′E
84:Location
1909:, 3, 26
1479:Bibcode
1408:Bibcode
1356:Bibcode
1118:Bibcode
524:At lake
513:Details
462:Ecology
382:Geology
360:History
343:volcano
339:Rotorua
307:Islands
115:38°16′S
1574:
1566:
1477:: 68.
1426:
1374:
1240:
982:
924:
510:Source
1719:Stuff
1572:S2CID
1238:S2CID
1073:(PDF)
980:S2CID
887:(PDF)
791:Notes
720:Māori
228:Basin
160:Māori
158:From
94:Group
1599:NS23
1564:ISSN
1424:ISSN
1372:ISSN
1329:2023
1284:2023
1263:2023
1160:2023
1080:2023
1047:LINZ
922:ISBN
894:2023
846:2023
702:The
331:lake
242:1886
1821:doi
1556:doi
1487:doi
1416:doi
1404:314
1364:doi
1230:doi
1126:doi
972:doi
835:doi
653:Old
635:Old
442:or
1950::
1907:39
1891:10
1889:.
1770:.
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1743:.
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543:-
532:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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