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economics has also been felt in legal education, with graduate programs in the subject being offered in a number of countries. The influence of law and economics in civil law countries may be gauged from the availability of textbooks of law and economics, in
English as well as in other European languages (Schäfer and Ott 2004; Mackaay 2013).
2199:
Relatedly, legal scholarship also has criticized the movement for allowing its framing of models to dictate its results, for over-emphasizing or under-emphasizing specific incentives and costs, and for building models that do not degrade "gracefully" (and therefore have difficulty modeling reality).
1665:
Uri Weiss proposed this alternative: "It is common in law and economics to search for the law that will lead to the optimal outcome, providing the maximum size 'pie,' and to think about maximizing happiness instead of minimizing pain. We prefer another approach: We do not try to identify games that
2092:
Despite its influence, the law and economics movement has been criticized from a number of directions. This is especially true of normative law and economics. Because most law and economics scholarship operates within a neoclassical framework, fundamental criticisms of neoclassical economics have
2083:
Many law schools in North
America, Europe, and Asia have faculty members with a graduate degree in economics. In addition, many professional economists now study and write on the relationship between economics and legal doctrines. Anthony Kronman, former dean of Yale Law School, has written that
1661:
Nonetheless, the possibility of a clear distinction between positive and normative analysis has been questioned by Guido
Calabresi who, in his book on "The future of Law and Economics" (2016: 21-22), believes that there is an "actual - and unavoidable - existence of value judgments underlying much
1402:
In 1962, Aaron
Director helped to found the Committee on a Free Society. Director's appointment to the faculty of the University of Chicago Law School in 1946 began a half-century of intellectual productivity, although his reluctance about publishing left few writings behind. He taught antitrust
2079:
The economic analysis of law has been influential in the United States as well as elsewhere. Judicial opinions use economic analysis and the theories of law and economics with some regularity, in the US but also, increasingly, in
Commonwealth countries and in Europe. The influence of law and
2212:
Cullerne Bown has criticised Posner's approach on methodological grounds. He concludes that Posner's approach to evaluating policies in the criminal process is methodologically invalid and that "these failings in turn make the entirety of his conclusions on the criminal process unreliable".
1125:
to the positive and normative analysis of the law, and a second branch which focuses on an institutional analysis of law and legal institutions, with a broader focus on economic, political, and social outcomes, and overlapping with analyses of the institutions of politics and governance.
1364:(2011). The field began with Gary Becker's 1968 paper on crime (Becker also received a Nobel Prize). In 1972, Richard Posner, a law and economics scholar and the major advocate of the positive theory of efficiency, published the first edition of Economic Analysis of Law and founded
1694:
and legal scholars, the phrase "law and economics" refers to the application of microeconomic analysis to legal problems. Because of the overlap between legal systems and political systems, some of the issues in law and economics are also raised in
1271:, examined the unintended consequences of legislation. However, to apply economics to analyze the law regulating nonmarket activities is relatively new. A European law & economics movement around 1900 did not have any lasting influence.
1730:
considers many of the same fundamental issues as does work labeled "law and economics", though from a vastly different perspective. The law and political economy movement also analyzes similar concepts using an entirely different approach.
2093:
been drawn from other, competing frameworks, though there are numerous internal critiques as well. Yet other schools of economic thought have emerged and have been applied to the work of law and economics in, for example, the work of
2180:
resulting from a systematic relaxation of antitrust laws) is, according to critics, fundamentally incorrect, as there is no general reason to conclude that an increase in allocative efficiency is more likely than a decrease.
2191:, argues, "efficiency in the Pareto sense cannot dispositively be applied to the definition and assignment of rights themselves, because efficiency requires an antecedent determination of the rights (23–4)".
1518:(1985), where he argued, "who is the cheapest avoider of a cost, depends on the valuations put on acts, activities and beliefs by the whole of our law and not on some objective or scientific notion" (69).
1734:
The one wing that represents a non-neoclassical approach to "law and economics" is the
Continental (mainly German) tradition that sees the concept starting out of the governance and public policy (
2184:
Essentially, the "first-best" neoclassical analysis fails to properly account for various kinds of general-equilibrium feedback relationships that result from intrinsic Pareto imperfections.
1514:(1970) has been cited as influential in its extensive treatment of the proper incentives and compensation required in accident situations. Calabresi took a different approach in
1654:. A legal rule is Pareto efficient if it could not be changed so as to make one person better off without making another person worse off. A weaker conception of efficiency is
4594:
4090:
Schlag, Pierre (2013-09-17). "Coase Minus the Coase
Theorem – Some Problems with Chicago Transaction Cost Analysis". Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.
1639:
goes one step further and makes policy recommendations based on the economic consequences of various policies. The key concept for normative economic analysis is
4456:
Never the Twain Shall Meet? – A Critical
Perspective on Cultural Limits Between Internal Continental Dogmatism and Consequential US-Style Law and Economics Theory
1442:, which became a center for the education of judges — many never previously exposed to the concepts of law and economics. Manne also attracted the support of the
4787:
4612:
4582:
4399:
2449:
2413:
2403:
2165:, for example, if the fulfillment of a subset of optimal conditions cannot be met under any circumstances, it is incorrect to conclude that the fulfillment of
1370:, both are regarded as important events. Gordon Tullock and Friedrich Hayek also wrote intensively in the area and influenced to spread of law and economics.
1510:
2221:
Law and economics has adapted to some of these criticisms and been developed in a variety of directions. One important trend has been the application of
2172:
Consequently, any expression of public policy whose purported purpose is an unambiguous increase in allocative efficiency (for example, consolidation of
4743:
4470:
3975:
1612:'Positive law and economics' uses economic analysis to predict the effects of various legal rules. So, for example, a positive economic analysis of
1399:" and "Some Thoughts on Risk Distribution and the Law of Torts". This can be seen as the starting point for the modern school of law and economics.
4452:
4459:
1357:
4814:
Stojanovich A., Silvestri P. (Eds.), "Special Issue: On 'The Future of Law and
Economics' by Guido Calabresi: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue",
3931:
Viscusi, W. Kip; Aldy, Joseph E. (2003-08-01). "The Value of a
Statistical Life: A Critical Review of Market Estimates Throughout the World".
4706:
1552:
2084:"the intellectual movement that has had the greatest influence on American academic law in the past quarter-century " is law and economics.
1658:. A legal rule is Kaldor–Hicks efficient if it could be made Pareto efficient by some parties compensating others as to offset their loss.
1505:
1750:. Here, consciously non-neoclassical approaches to economics are used for the analysis of legal (and administrative/governance) problems.
1407:, who eventually would serve as Dean of Chicago's Law School, President of the University of Chicago, and as U.S. Attorney General in the
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4549:
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1947:
1065:
997:
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2133:, argues that our legal, economic, political, and social systems are unduly influenced by an individualistic model of behavior based on
1360:(a great admirer of von Hayek) filled in more details of the account in his chapter, "The Chicago School, Hayek, and Neoliberalism", in
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will lead to the optimal result but to prevent games in which it is in the best interests of the players to come to an unjust result".
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Critics of the economic analysis of legal questions have argued that normative economic analysis does not capture the importance of
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174:
1391:, and which helped to unite the fields of law and economics with far-reaching influence. In 1960 and 1961, Ronald Coase and
4334:
4038:
Johnson, Ronald N.; Gisser, Micha; Werner, Michael (1981). "The Definition of a Surface Water Right and Transferability".
6179:
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4834:
1624:
rule. Positive law and economics has also at times purported to explain the development of legal rules, for example the
1183:
4615:& Martin Gelter, The Transatlantic Divergence in Legal Thought: American Law and Economics vs. German Doctrinalism,
2932:
2452:& Martin Gelter, The Transatlantic Divergence in Legal Thought: American Law and Economics vs. German Doctrinalism,
2406:& Martin Gelter, The Transatlantic Divergence in Legal Thought: American Law and Economics vs. German Doctrinalism,
4728:
4680:
4624:
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2122:
1157:
3217:"Secret without Reason and Costly without Accomplishment: Questioning the National Security Agency's Metadata Program"
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5001:
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described the development of modern economic concepts in "The Rise of the Chicago School of Economics", a chapter of
1301:, as it became commonly known. The university faculty then included a strong base of libertarian scholars, including
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1412:
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3700:"Through the Quarantine Looking Glass: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Public Health Governance, Law, and Ethics"
1722:
perspectives usually do not identify themselves as "law and economics". For example, research by members of the
1121:. There are two major branches of law and economics; one based on the application of the methods and theories of
1058:
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Another critique comes from the fact that there is no unique optimal result. Warren Samuels in his 2007 book,
1789:
1739:
1161:
1422:. He died September 11, 2004, at his home in Los Altos Hills, California, ten days before his 103rd birthday.
1172:
1093:. The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the
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6571:
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396:
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658:
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2886:"On the (Methodological) Future of Law and Economics. The Uneasy Burden of Value Judgments and Normativity"
2390:
2022:
1366:
4014:
3822:"The Effects of Rent Control Expansion on Tenants, Landlords, and Inequality: Evidence from San Francisco"
2153:
Additional criticism has been directed toward the assumed benefits of law and policy designed to increase
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1922:
1396:
1298:
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531:
521:
3285:"Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not"
1682:, Posner set out an alternative approach that relied instead on wealth as the basic unit of analysis.
1321:. Soon, it would also have not just Hayek himself, but Director's brother-in-law and Stigler's friend
1293:
in order to set up there a new center for scholars in law and economics. The University was headed by
6281:
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The law and economics of development - Edgardo Buscaglia, William Ratliff and Robert Cooter Libraries
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1985:
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1245:, who are credited with the foundations of modern economic thought. As early as the 18th century,
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1678:. This work relied on the economic concept of utility as the basic unit of analysis. In 1985, in
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85:
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Gostin, Lawrence (2006). "Public Health Strategies for Pandemic Influenza: Ethics and the Law".
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In other words, the law and economics movement may not achieve "efficiency", even to the extent
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La Porta, Rafael; Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio; Shleifer, Andrei; Vishny, Robert (2000-01-01).
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subset of optimal conditions will necessarily result in an increase in allocative efficiency.
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and Claus Ott (2004), “Economic Analysis of Civil Law”, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing;
4316:"An epistemic theory of the criminal process, Part II: Packer, Posner and epistemic pressure"
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Economic analysis of law is usually divided into two subfields: positive and normative.
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1434:(a former student of Coase) set out to build a center for law and economics at a major
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has been applied to economic approaches that are self-consciously broader than the
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1981:
1864:
1727:
1719:
1674:
In 1968, Gary Becker, who would later win the Nobel prize for economics, published
1617:
1446:; Olin centers (or programs) for Law and Economics now exist at many universities.
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4627:(1998). "Law-and-Economics from the Perspective of Critical Legal Studies" (from
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1991:
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Polinsky, A. Mitchell, and Steven Shavell (2008). "law, economic analysis of,"
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Principles and Methods of Law and Economics: Basic Tools for Normative Reasoning
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Modern forerunners of economic thought developed at the Chicago School include
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Krueger, Anne O. (1974). "The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society".
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144:
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64:
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Terrebonne, R. Peter (1981). "A Strictly Evolutionary Model of Common Law".
2783:"The Road Not Taken – Reading Calabresi's "The Future of Law and Economics""
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Gennaioli, Nicola; Shleifer, Andrei (2007). "The Evolution of Common Law".
3044:
Hart, Oliver (1995). "Corporate Governance: Some Theory and Implications".
2455:
Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 2008, vol. 31, p. 295–360
2409:
Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 2008, vol. 31, p. 295–360
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2006:
1949:
The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation
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23:
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Alchian, Armen A.; Demsetz, Harold (1973). "The Property Right Paradigm".
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Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
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1241:
The historical antecedents of law and economics can be traced back to the
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3976:"Water Law, Water Transfers, and Economic Efficiency: The Colorado River"
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Property rights, which are analyzed using economic analysis, are seen as
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4984:
4652:
A Legal Theory without Law: Posner v. Hayek on Economic Analysis of Law
4385:
4300:
4268:
3917:
3882:
3771:
3641:
3598:
3384:
3352:
3201:
3073:
3007:
2440:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pages 164–165. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
2013:
1902:
1762:
1625:
1621:
1455:
1435:
1246:
1164: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
838:
638:
3427:
3086:
2740:
Gordon, Wendy J.; Marciano, Alain; Ramello, Giovanni B. (2019-08-01).
2551:
1113:
concepts to explain the effects of laws, assess which legal rules are
6822:
6752:
6111:
5947:
5912:
5854:
5829:
5694:
5591:
5579:
5564:
5552:
5480:
5398:
5371:
5255:
2292:
2225:
to legal problems. Other developments have been the incorporation of
2117:. Some of the heaviest criticisms of law and economics come from the
1898:
1650:
A common concept of efficiency used by law and economics scholars is
1258:
1110:
688:
619:
199:
116:
6035:
4793:
Viscusi, W. Kip; Vernon, John M.; Harrington Jr., Joseph E. (2005).
4377:
4284:
3368:
3185:
3057:
2999:
1139:
6601:
5996:
5981:
5684:
5569:
5366:
4910:
4829:
4616:
4586:
4403:
4051:
3994:
3462:
3411:
3261:
2969:
2742:"The future of law and economics and the legacy of Guido Calabresi"
2543:
2487:
2453:
2417:
2407:
1685:
1613:
4689:
Mas-Colell, Andreu; Whinston, Michael D.; Green, Jerry R. (1995).
4360:
Jolls, Christine; Sunstein, Cass R.; Thaler, Richard (1997–1998).
5886:
5834:
5814:
5762:
5574:
5492:
5308:
5270:
5218:
4568:
Law's Order: What Economics Has to Do with Law and Why It Matters
4333:
Baird, Douglas G.; Gertner, Robert H.; Picker, Randal C. (1998).
3896:
Viscusi, W. Kip (1993). "The Value of Risks to Life and Health".
1930:
1711:
1415:
in 1965, Director relocated to California and took a position at
1285:
in the U.S. starting in 1946, but he shortly thereafter financed
1261:
on the grounds that they hindered agricultural productivity; and
5986:
5839:
5584:
5475:
5470:
5416:
5087:
4846:
Paper describing the effects of law and economics on inequality
4840:
4784:
The Legal Structure of the Firm, Accounting, Economics, and Law
3353:"The Economic Analysis of Evidence Law: Common Sense on Stilts"
2689:"Swan Song of a Great Colossus: The Latest from Richard Posner"
1691:
1022:
4500:
3698:
Fidler, David P.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Markel, Howard (2007).
3577:
Demsetz, Harold (1967). "Toward a Theory of Property Rights".
5927:
5871:
5777:
5618:
5421:
4920:
2194:
6080:
4723:(New York, Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 8th edition).
3224:
I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society
2781:
Stojanović, Aleksandar; Silvestri, Paolo (October 1, 2019).
5809:
5757:
5613:
5011:
4927:
4792:
4211:
Second-Best Theory and Law & Economics: An Introduction
3129:
Bebchuk, Lucian; Cohen, Alma; Ferrell, Allen (2009-02-01).
2600:"Aaron Director, Founder of the field of Law and Economics"
1599:
16:
Application of economic theory to analysis of legal systems
4230:(1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–24.
4881:
4269:"Economic Analysis of Law: Some Realism about Nominalism"
2526:"Some Thoughts on Risk Distribution and the Law of Torts"
2229:
into economic analysis of law, and the increasing use of
1090:
31:
4359:
4688:
3820:
Diamond, Rebecca; McQuade, Tim; Qian, Franklin (2019).
3098:. Special Issue on International Corporate Governance.
2594:
2592:
4850:
3502:"On economic applications of evolutionary game theory"
1395:
independently published two groundbreaking articles, "
4591:, forthcoming in Encyclopedia on Law & Economics.
4408:, forthcoming in Encyclopedia on Law & Economics.
3338:
John M. Olin Law & Economics Working Paper No. 66
2739:
2422:, forthcoming in Encyclopedia on Law & Economics.
1511:
The Costs of Accidents: A Legal and Economic Analysis
1297:, a close collaborator of Luhnow's in setting up the
4629:
The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law
4512:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, reprint ed.)
2589:
2388:(1996). "Law and Economics and A.W. Brian Simpson,"
4037:
3128:
2780:
2157:
when such assumptions are modeled on "first-best" (
4332:
3819:
3697:
2831:
4618:Hastings International and Comparative Law Review
3772:"The Misallocation of Housing Under Rent Control"
3448:
1746:(2nd ed. 2005) and—though not exclusively—in the
1628:of torts, in terms of their economic efficiency.
1449:
7190:
4560:. (Princeton University Press). Chapter links.
4465:(Springer Science), pp. 3–21, available at
3770:Glaeser, Edward L.; Luttmer, Erzo F. P. (2003).
2101:in the book "Law and Economics of Development".
1686:Relationship to other disciplines and approaches
4204:
4202:
4080:Anthony T. Kronman, The Lost Lawyer 166 (1993).
2571:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p.
2237:techniques. Within the legal academy, the term
3769:
3611:
3089:"Investor protection and corporate governance"
1631:
6096:
4866:
4313:
3556:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
3334:"An Economic Approach to the Law of Evidence"
3214:
2939:, 2019, page 152. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
1607:
1553:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
1059:
168:
4734:_____ (2006). "A Review of Steven Shavell's
4362:"A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics"
4227:The Analytical Failures of Law and Economics
4199:
3974:Burness, H. Stuart; Quirk, James P. (1980).
3973:
3243:"Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach"
3215:Mueller, John; G, Stewart Mark (2014–2015).
2951:"Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach"
2933:"The Regressive Effect of Legal Uncertainty"
2433:Hayek's journey: the mind of Friedrich Hayek
2161:) general-equilibrium conditions. Under the
1506:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
1438:. Ultimately, Manne established a center at
4550:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
3930:
2373:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
1508:, wrote in depth on this subject; his book
6103:
6089:
4873:
4859:
4646:
4171:Hanson, Jon D. (2012). Hanson, Jon (ed.).
3397:
2514:This issue was actually published in 1961.
1676:Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach
1066:
1052:
175:
161:
4786:: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1, Article 5, 2011.
4208:
4183:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737512.001.0001
3837:
3704:The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics
3520:
3300:
2909:
2883:
2806:
2757:
2523:
2216:
2104:
1487:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
1387:, which he co-edited with Nobel laureate
1224:Learn how and when to remove this message
6018:History of the American legal profession
4702:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
4695:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
4213:. Vol. 73. Chicago-Kent Law Review.
3499:
2984:"An Economic Theory of the Criminal Law"
2823:
1753:Law and economics is closely related to
1600:Positive and normative law and economics
1117:, and predict which legal rules will be
4768:Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law
4736:Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law
4673:Law and Economics for Civil Law Systems
4534:(Addison Wesley Longman, 6th edition).
4417:
4177:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
3895:
3860:
3576:
3350:
3170:"Cost–Benefit Analysis in Criminal Law"
3131:"What Matters in Corporate Governance?"
2207:
2137:, instead of a model that incorporates
1542:–winning economist and a leader of the
1516:Ideals, Beliefs, Attitudes, and the Law
7191:
4314:Cullerne Bown, William. (2022-12-23).
4223:
4170:
4089:
3662:
3551:
3331:
3282:
3240:
2981:
2948:
2629:, May 1976. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
2564:
1877:Statistical discrimination (economics)
1821:Mass surveillance in the United States
1680:An Economic Theory of the Criminal Law
6084:
4854:
4796:Economics of Regulation and Antitrust
3167:
2829:
2746:European Journal of Law and Economics
2735:
2733:
2466:
1748:European Journal of Law and Economics
4266:
3043:
2884:Silvestri, Paolo (October 1, 2019).
2148:
1744:Elgar Companion to Law and Economics
1620:rule as opposed to the effects of a
1425:
1162:adding citations to reliable sources
1133:
6180:Agent-based computational economics
4835:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4641:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3340:. University of Chicago Law School.
2252:by defenders of law and economics.
1710:Approaches to the same issues from
1531:Other notable individuals include:
13:
4446:
2860:"The Fourth Generation in Chicago"
2834:Liability: Perspectives and Policy
2730:
1742:; this view is represented in the
1249:discussed the economic effects of
14:
7215:
5002:Restitution and unjust enrichment
4823:
4510:The Firm, The Market, and the Law
4497:Encyclopedia of Law and Economics
3750:LII / Legal Information Institute
3509:Journal of Evolutionary Economics
6636:neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis
6049:
6048:
6034:
4040:The Journal of Law and Economics
3983:The Journal of Law and Economics
3716:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00185.x
3289:Journal of Economic Perspectives
2982:Posner, Richard (October 1985),
2476:The Journal of Law and Economics
2303:Islamic economical jurisprudence
2288:Economic imperialism (economics)
2195:"Internal" analytical criticisms
1413:University of Chicago Law School
1138:
1033:
1021:
206:
38:
6013:History of the legal profession
4638:"The Economic Analysis of Law,"
4411:
4392:
4353:
4326:
4307:
4260:
4217:
4164:
4146:
4123:
4083:
4074:
4031:
3967:
3933:Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
3924:
3889:
3854:
3813:
3763:
3738:
3691:
3656:
3614:The Journal of Economic History
3605:
3570:
3545:
3493:
3442:
3391:
3344:
3325:
3276:
3234:
3208:
3161:
3135:The Review of Financial Studies
3122:
3080:
3037:
3013:
2975:
2942:
2926:
2877:
2852:
2838:. Brookings Institution Press.
2774:
2706:
2681:
2657:
2632:
2616:
1768:
1669:
1616:would predict the effects of a
1403:courses at the law school with
1348:Historians Robert van Horn and
1149:needs additional citations for
308:Concepts, theory and techniques
4774:and scroll to chapter-preview
4740:Journal of Economic Literature
4424:University of Miami Law Review
3898:Journal of Economic Literature
3096:Journal of Financial Economics
2949:Becker, Gary (March 1, 1968),
2922:– via www.degruyter.com.
2819:– via www.degruyter.com.
2558:
2517:
2460:
2443:
2425:
2397:
2379:
2361:
1740:Historical school of economics
1485:, University of Chicago, 1991
1450:Chicago School notable figures
1384:Journal of Law & Economics
1:
6572:Critique of political economy
6110:
4683:; softcover forthcoming 2014
4601:(Cambridge University Press,
4547:(1987). "law and economics,"
4477:, Giappichelli, Torino, 1999.
4420:"The Human Right of Property"
4174:Ideology, Psychology, and Law
4154:"Essays on Law and Economics"
3108:10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00065-9
2937:Journal of Dispute Resolution
2370:(1987). "law and economics,"
2354:
2087:
4770:. Harvard University Press.
4675:, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar,
4588:History of Law and Economics
4405:History of Law and Economics
4339:. Harvard University Press.
4224:Bayern, Shawn (2023-10-31).
3863:The American Economic Review
3579:The American Economic Review
3451:Journal of Political Economy
3400:The Journal of Legal Studies
3250:Journal of Political Economy
2958:Journal of Political Economy
2718:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
2469:"The Problem of Social Cost"
2419:History of Law and Economics
2391:The Journal of Legal Studies
2074:
1367:The Journal of Legal Studies
7:
4595:Georgakopoulos, Nicholas L.
4463:Law and Economics in Europe
4267:Leff, Arthur Allen (1974).
4209:Markovits, Richard (1998).
3332:Posner, Richard A. (1999).
2343:Property rights (economics)
2328:New institutional economics
2255:
2053:Value of a statistical life
1917:Efficient market hypothesis
1637:Normative law and economics
1632:Normative law and economics
1544:Chicago School of Economics
1504:. Calabresi, judge for the
1373:
1354:The Road from Mont Pelerin
1095:Chicago school of economics
10:
7220:
6710:Real business-cycle theory
5680:International legal theory
5159:International slavery laws
5154:International human rights
5149:International criminal law
4636:Kornhauser, Lewis (2006).
4620:2008, vol. 31, pp. 295–360
3791:10.1257/000282803769206188
3302:10.1257/089533004773563485
2759:10.1007/s10657-019-09626-5
2623:"Spotlight: Henry G. Manne
1923:Fraud-on-the-market theory
1790:Herfindahl–Hirschman Index
1738:) approach and the German
1608:Positive law and economics
1411:. After retiring from the
1397:The Problem of Social Cost
1378:In 1958, Director founded
1362:Building Chicago Economics
1265:, in his influential book
1129:
47:Foundations and Philosophy
7150:
7108:
6750:
6484:
6235:
6200:
6118:
6028:
6005:
5895:
5733:Administration of justice
5718:
5627:
5518:
5397:
5299:
5020:
4888:
4766:Shavell, Steven (2004).
4648:Mestmäcker, Ernst-Joachim
4418:Alvarez, José E. (2018).
4320:Law, Probability and Risk
3746:"Modern Portfolio Theory"
3626:10.1017/S0022050700076403
3500:Friedman, Daniel (1998).
3351:Lempert, Richard (2001).
3283:Levitt, Steven D (2004).
3168:Brown, Darryl K. (2004).
2524:Calabresi, Guido (1961).
2163:theory of the second best
1291:the University of Chicago
1236:
109:Methodological background
5510:Basic structure doctrine
5360:Natural and legal rights
5241:Public international law
4721:Economic Analysis of Law
4553:, v. 3, pp. 144–48.
4475:Costituzione ed economia
3826:American Economic Review
3779:American Economic Review
3677:10.1001/jama.295.14.1700
3241:Becker, Gary S. (1968).
2568:The Economics of Justice
2565:Posner, Richard (1983).
2278:Constitutional economics
2250:fundamental human rights
2204:is the goal of the law.
2189:The Legal-Economic Nexus
2178:mergers and acquisitions
2176:costs through increased
2174:research and development
2121:movement, in particular
1955:Constitutional economics
1907:Evolutionary game theory
1701:constitutional economics
1085:, is the application of
1083:economic analysis of law
296:JEL classification codes
6352:Industrial organization
6175:Computational economics
5690:Principle of typicality
5164:International trade law
4880:
4841:Law & Economics LAB
4336:Game Theory and the Law
3945:10.1023/A:1025598106257
3552:Ostrom, Elinor (1990).
2714:"Posner, Richard Allen"
2298:Iron law of prohibition
2027:Modern portfolio theory
1997:Principal–agent problem
1888:Iron law of prohibition
1656:Kaldor–Hicks efficiency
1526:George Mason University
1494:, University of Chicago
1444:John M. Olin Foundation
1295:Robert Maynard Hutchins
482:Industrial organization
339:Computational economics
86:Judicial interpretation
6555:Modern monetary theory
6222:Experimental economics
6192:Pluralism in economics
6165:Mathematical economics
4111:Cite journal requires
2830:Litan, Robert (1988).
2467:Coase, Ronald (1960).
2412:; Martin Gelter &
2333:Occupational licensing
2217:Responses to criticism
2119:critical legal studies
2105:Rational choice theory
1936:Tragedy of the commons
1796:Calculus of negligence
1724:critical legal studies
1356:(2009); and historian
1123:neoclassical economics
1115:economically efficient
334:Experimental economics
5685:Principle of legality
5444:Delegated legislation
5144:Intellectual property
4236:10.1017/9781009159203
4158:www.duncankennedy.net
3531:10.1007/s001910050054
3174:California Law Review
2604:www-news.uchicago.edu
2283:Cost–benefit analysis
2202:allocative efficiency
2155:allocative efficiency
2023:Prudent investor rule
1986:Averch–Johnson effect
1976:Economics and patents
1972:Intellectual property
1943:Institutional origins
1857:Design of contracts (
1811:Cost–benefit analysis
1757:, the application of
1645:allocative efficiency
1478:University of Chicago
1417:Stanford University's
6429:Social choice theory
6187:Behavioral economics
6170:Complexity economics
5903:Barristers' chambers
5845:Legal representation
5783:Justice of the peace
5129:Financial regulation
4711:pre-publication copy
4692:Microeconomic Theory
4613:Kristoffel Grechenig
4583:Kristoffel Grechenig
4581:Martin Gelter &
4489:Bouckaert, Boudewijn
4400:Kristoffel Grechenig
4398:Martin Gelter &
3839:10.1257/aer.20181289
3752:. Cornell Law School
3046:The Economic Journal
3021:"Toward a Manifesto"
2902:10.1515/gj-2019-0026
2799:10.1515/gj-2019-0040
2450:Kristoffel Grechenig
2414:Kristoffel Grechenig
2404:Kristoffel Grechenig
2394:, v. 25, p. 103-104.
2348:Public choice theory
2313:Legal origins theory
2227:behavioral economics
2208:Criminal methodology
2129:. Jon D. Hanson, of
2115:distributive justice
2062:Social choice theory
1960:Legal origins theory
1913:Financial regulation
1806:Corporate governance
1765:to legal questions.
1736:Staatswissenschaften
1589:A. Mitchell Polinsky
1540:Nobel Memorial Prize
1430:In the early 1970s,
1281:, not only financed
1257:opposed the British
1253:legislation; later,
1243:classical economists
1158:improve this article
1087:microeconomic theory
561:Social choice theory
6513:American (National)
6215:Economic statistics
5938:Election commission
5650:Expressive function
5179:Landlord–tenant law
5078:Consumer protection
4830:"Law and Economics"
4781:Robé, Jean-Philippe
4754:Schäfer, Hans-Bernd
4366:Stanford Law Review
4273:Virginia Law Review
4133:, JAI Press, 1997,
3357:Virginia Law Review
2988:Columbia Law Review
2864:Economic Principals
1662:economic analysis"
1409:Ford administration
1173:"Law and economics"
1089:to the analysis of
1028:Business portal
349:Operations research
329:National accounting
5896:Legal institutions
5763:Lawsuit/Litigation
5753:Dispute resolution
5558:Catholic canon law
5266:State of emergency
5229:Will and testament
4953:Law of obligations
4906:Constitutional law
4896:Administrative law
4788:Jean-Philippe Robé
4717:Posner, Richard A.
4654:. TĂĽbingen: Mohr.
3147:10.1093/rfs/hhn099
2263:Competition policy
2131:Harvard Law School
1929:Governance of the
1801:Congestion pricing
1776:Affirmative action
1594:Michael Trebilcock
1574:Hans-Bernd Schäfer
1469:Founders include:
1420:Hoover Institution
1277:, the head of the
359:Industrial complex
354:Middle income trap
7204:Philosophy of law
7199:Law and economics
7186:
7185:
6717:New institutional
6078:
6077:
5738:Constitutionalism
5660:Law and economics
5498:Act of parliament
5236:Product liability
5189:Legal archaeology
5114:Environmental law
5108:Entertainment law
4948:International law
4806:978-0-262-28732-6
4661:978-3-16-149276-1
4532:Law and Economics
4245:978-1-009-15920-3
3671:(14): 1700–1704.
3563:978-0-521-40599-7
2845:978-0-8157-5271-4
2693:Law & Liberty
2665:"Ronald H. Coase"
2582:978-0-674-23525-0
2338:Political economy
2273:Constitutionalism
2149:Pareto efficiency
2113:and concerns for
2095:Edgardo Buscaglia
2043:Transaction costs
2002:Adverse selection
1832:Crime enforcement
1780:Coate-Loury model
1726:movement and the
1705:political science
1697:political economy
1652:Pareto efficiency
1643:, in particular,
1549:Frank Easterbrook
1426:Later development
1234:
1233:
1226:
1208:
1109:. The field uses
1079:Law and economics
1076:
1075:
185:
184:
149:judicial opinions
96:Law and economics
7211:
6390:Natural resource
6227:Economic history
6153:Mechanism design
6105:
6098:
6091:
6082:
6081:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6039:
6038:
5862:Question of fact
5743:Criminal justice
5073:Construction law
5068:Conflict of laws
5033:Agricultural law
4875:
4868:
4861:
4852:
4851:
4810:
4705:, 2nd Edition.
4696:
4665:
4499:(Edward Elgar,
4440:
4439:
4415:
4409:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4206:
4197:
4196:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4114:
4109:
4107:
4099:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4013:. Archived from
3980:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3904:(4): 1912–1946.
3893:
3887:
3886:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3841:
3832:(9): 3365–3394.
3817:
3811:
3810:
3785:(4): 1027–1046.
3776:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3524:
3506:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3363:(8): 1619–1712.
3348:
3342:
3341:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3304:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3247:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3221:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3093:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3052:(430): 678–689.
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3017:
3011:
3010:
2994:(6): 1193–1231,
2979:
2973:
2972:
2955:
2946:
2940:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2837:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2640:"Aaron Director"
2636:
2630:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2531:Yale Law Journal
2521:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2504:
2498:. Archived from
2473:
2464:
2458:
2447:
2441:
2429:
2423:
2401:
2395:
2383:
2377:
2365:
2139:cognitive biases
1982:Natural monopoly
1865:Efficient breach
1728:sociology of law
1720:Frankfurt School
1618:strict liability
1464:Frédéric Bastiat
1263:Frédéric Bastiat
1229:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1166:
1142:
1134:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1040:Money portal
1038:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1025:
522:Natural resource
314:Economic systems
210:
187:
186:
177:
170:
163:
101:Sociology of law
42:
19:
18:
7219:
7218:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7208:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7179:Business portal
7146:
7145:
7144:
7104:
6868:von Böhm-Bawerk
6756:
6755:
6746:
6518:Ancient thought
6496:
6495:
6489:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6231:
6196:
6148:Contract theory
6133:Decision theory
6114:
6109:
6079:
6074:
6047:
6033:
6024:
6001:
5992:Political party
5965:Legal education
5953:Law enforcement
5933:Court of equity
5891:
5867:Question of law
5820:Practice of law
5800:Judicial review
5714:
5665:Legal formalism
5645:Comparative law
5640:Contract theory
5623:
5543:Legal pluralism
5514:
5503:Act of Congress
5427:Executive order
5393:
5295:
5214:Nationality law
5139:Immigration law
5063:Competition law
5016:
4884:
4879:
4832:article in the
4826:
4807:
4662:
4625:Kennedy, Duncan
4545:Friedman, David
4501:Online version.
4495:, eds. (2000).
4493:Gerrit De Geest
4471:Giovanni Bianco
4449:
4447:Further reading
4444:
4443:
4416:
4412:
4397:
4393:
4378:10.2307/1229304
4358:
4354:
4347:
4331:
4327:
4312:
4308:
4285:10.2307/1072437
4265:
4261:
4246:
4222:
4218:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4169:
4165:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4112:
4110:
4101:
4100:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4036:
4032:
4023:
4021:
4017:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3929:
3925:
3894:
3890:
3859:
3855:
3818:
3814:
3774:
3768:
3764:
3755:
3753:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3696:
3692:
3661:
3657:
3610:
3606:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3550:
3546:
3522:10.1.1.295.3014
3504:
3498:
3494:
3447:
3443:
3396:
3392:
3369:10.2307/1073903
3349:
3345:
3330:
3326:
3281:
3277:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3186:10.2307/3481427
3166:
3162:
3127:
3123:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3058:10.2307/2235027
3042:
3038:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3000:10.2307/1122392
2980:
2976:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2931:
2927:
2882:
2878:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2828:
2824:
2779:
2775:
2738:
2731:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2698:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2673:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2649:
2647:
2644:Mises Institute
2638:
2637:
2633:
2621:
2617:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2563:
2559:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2448:
2444:
2430:
2426:
2402:
2398:
2384:
2380:
2376:, v. 3, p. 144.
2366:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2268:Contract theory
2258:
2239:socio-economics
2219:
2210:
2197:
2151:
2107:
2090:
2077:
2072:
1992:Peltzman effect
1965:Property rights
1859:Contract theory
1852:surface freight
1771:
1716:critical theory
1688:
1672:
1634:
1610:
1602:
1559:Andrei Shleifer
1502:Yale University
1498:Guido Calabresi
1452:
1428:
1393:Guido Calabresi
1376:
1350:Philip Mirowski
1323:Milton Friedman
1239:
1230:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1143:
1132:
1072:
1034:
1032:
1020:
1013:
1012:
983:
973:
972:
971:
970:
734:von Böhm-Bawerk
622:
611:
610:
372:
364:
363:
319:Economic growth
309:
301:
300:
242:
240:classifications
181:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7217:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7127:
7122:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7102:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
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6915:
6910:
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6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6759:
6757:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6644:
6639:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6582:Disequilibrium
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6558:
6557:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6499:
6497:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6395:Organizational
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6206:
6204:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6160:Macroeconomics
6157:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6128:Microeconomics
6124:
6122:
6116:
6115:
6108:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6085:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6044:
6041:Law portal
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6009:
6007:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
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5979:
5974:
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5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5877:Trial advocacy
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5631:
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5625:
5624:
5622:
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5611:
5606:
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5599:
5589:
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5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5524:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5414:
5409:
5407:Ballot measure
5403:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5384:Legal treatise
5381:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5352:
5350:Letters patent
5347:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5311:
5305:
5303:
5301:Sources of law
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5286:Unenforced law
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:Commercial law
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4825:
4824:External links
4822:
4821:
4820:
4818:, 19(2019), 3.
4811:
4805:
4790:
4778:
4764:
4751:
4742:, 44(2), pp.
4732:
4729:978-0735594425
4714:
4697:
4686:
4681:978-1848443099
4666:
4660:
4644:
4634:
4622:
4610:
4592:
4579:
4576:978-0691090092
4566:_____ (2001).
4564:
4556:_____ (2000).
4554:
4542:
4524:Cooter, Robert
4521:
4503:
4486:
4483:978-8834892718
4468:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4410:
4391:
4352:
4345:
4325:
4306:
4279:(3): 469–481.
4259:
4244:
4216:
4198:
4191:
4163:
4145:
4139:
4122:
4113:|journal=
4082:
4073:
4052:10.1086/466984
4046:(2): 273–288.
4030:
3995:10.1086/466954
3989:(1): 111–134.
3966:
3923:
3888:
3869:(3): 291–303.
3853:
3812:
3762:
3737:
3710:(4): 616–628.
3690:
3655:
3604:
3585:(2): 347–359.
3569:
3562:
3544:
3492:
3479:10.1086/511996
3463:10.1086/511996
3441:
3412:10.1086/467688
3406:(2): 397–407.
3390:
3343:
3324:
3295:(1): 163–190.
3275:
3262:10.1086/259394
3256:(2): 169–217.
3233:
3207:
3180:(2): 323–372.
3160:
3141:(2): 783–827.
3121:
3079:
3036:
3012:
2974:
2970:10.1086/259394
2941:
2925:
2876:
2851:
2844:
2822:
2773:
2729:
2705:
2680:
2656:
2631:
2625:ROBERT POOLE,
2615:
2588:
2581:
2557:
2544:10.2307/794261
2538:(4): 499–553.
2516:
2488:10.1086/466560
2459:
2442:
2438:Alan Ebenstein
2424:
2396:
2378:
2368:David Friedman
2359:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2323:Microeconomics
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2196:
2193:
2159:Pareto optimal
2150:
2147:
2123:Duncan Kennedy
2106:
2103:
2089:
2086:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2058:Voting systems
2055:
2050:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1994:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1962:
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1952:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1910:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1872:Discrimination
1869:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1844:communications
1833:
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1818:
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1803:
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1668:
1633:
1630:
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1606:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1584:W. Kip Viscusi
1581:
1579:William Landes
1576:
1571:
1569:Harold Demsetz
1566:
1561:
1556:
1546:
1529:
1528:
1519:
1495:
1492:Richard Posner
1489:
1480:
1474:Aaron Director
1451:
1448:
1427:
1424:
1375:
1372:
1358:Bruce Caldwell
1339:Richard Posner
1307:George Stigler
1299:Chicago School
1287:Aaron Director
1238:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1214:September 2022
1146:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1103:George Stigler
1099:Aaron Director
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1045:
1044:
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527:Organizational
524:
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484:
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469:
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409:
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384:
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371:By application
370:
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62:
57:
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35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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7149:
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7135:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7111:
7107:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
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6949:
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6924:
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6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6763:de Mandeville
6761:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6749:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6706:
6705:New classical
6703:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6661:Malthusianism
6659:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6622:Institutional
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6548:
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6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6426:
6425:Public choice
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6400:Participation
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6362:Institutional
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6312:Expeditionary
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6302:Environmental
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6106:
6101:
6099:
6094:
6092:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6027:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6004:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5923:Civil society
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5882:Trier of fact
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5768:Legal opinion
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5748:Court-martial
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5720:Jurisprudence
5717:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5609:Statutory law
5607:
5605:
5604:Socialist law
5602:
5598:
5597:Byzantine law
5595:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5548:Religious law
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5520:Legal systems
5517:
5511:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5488:Statutory law
5486:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5318:Statutory law
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5276:Transport law
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5194:Legal fiction
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:Financial law
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5083:Corporate law
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:Statutory law
5005:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:Core subjects
4887:
4883:
4876:
4871:
4869:
4864:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4819:
4817:
4816:Global Jurist
4812:
4808:
4802:
4799:. MIT Press.
4798:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4669:Mackaay, Ejan
4667:
4663:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4607:0-521-82681-0
4604:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:0-321-33634-8
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4518:0-226-11101-6
4515:
4511:
4507:
4506:Coase, Ronald
4504:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4453:Kai Purnhagen
4451:
4450:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4348:
4346:9780674341111
4342:
4338:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4205:
4203:
4194:
4192:9780199918638
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4142:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4118:
4105:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4077:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4020:on 2022-01-16
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3686:
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3670:
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3659:
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3647:
3643:
3639:
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3631:
3627:
3623:
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3615:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3592:
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3573:
3565:
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3555:
3548:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2890:Global Jurist
2887:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2847:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2787:Global Jurist
2784:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2734:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2584:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2520:
2505:on 2019-08-07
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2451:
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2428:
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2420:
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2411:
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2405:
2400:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2369:
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2360:
2349:
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2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2205:
2203:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2099:Robert Cooter
2096:
2085:
2081:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2047:Coase theorem
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:public health
2016:measures for
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
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1841:
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1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1786:Antitrust law
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
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1567:
1565:
1564:Robert Cooter
1562:
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1465:
1461:
1460:David Ricardo
1457:
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1312:
1308:
1304:
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1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:Harold Luhnow
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:David Ricardo
1252:
1248:
1244:
1228:
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1203:
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1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175: –
1174:
1170:
1169:Find sources:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1147:This section
1145:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1124:
1120:
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629:de Mandeville
627:
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584:
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569:
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564:
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558:
557:Public choice
555:
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540:
538:
535:
533:
532:Participation
530:
528:
525:
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520:
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510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
492:Institutional
490:
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478:
475:
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468:
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460:
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455:
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442:Expeditionary
440:
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432:Environmental
430:
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262:International
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238:Branches and
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81:Jurisprudence
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52:
51:
50:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
7174:Publications
7130:Publications
7097:
6693:Neoclassical
6683:Mercantilism
6592:Evolutionary
6454:Sociological
6427: /
6327:Geographical
6307:Evolutionary
6282:Digitization
6247:Agricultural
6210:Econometrics
6138:Price theory
6067:
6060:
6046:
6032:
5805:Jurisdiction
5773:Legal remedy
5728:Adjudication
5659:
5628:Legal theory
5466:Ratification
5461:Promulgation
5432:Proclamation
5412:Codification
5345:Human rights
5333:Divine right
5323:Constitution
5291:Women in law
5209:Military law
5204:Marriage law
5199:Maritime law
5098:Election law
5038:Aviation law
5028:Abortion law
4980:Property law
4916:Criminal law
4833:
4815:
4795:
4783:
4767:
4747:
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4691:
4672:
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4617:
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4567:
4557:
4548:
4531:
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4496:
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4462:
4460:Klaus Mathis
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4427:
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4369:
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4319:
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4262:
4226:
4219:
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4157:
4148:
4130:
4125:
4104:cite journal
4085:
4076:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4022:. Retrieved
4015:the original
3986:
3982:
3969:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3829:
3825:
3815:
3782:
3778:
3765:
3754:. Retrieved
3749:
3740:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3620:(1): 16–27.
3617:
3613:
3607:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3553:
3547:
3512:
3508:
3495:
3457:(1): 43–68.
3454:
3450:
3444:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3337:
3327:
3292:
3288:
3278:
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3249:
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3227:
3223:
3210:
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3173:
3163:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3099:
3095:
3082:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3028:. Retrieved
3024:
3015:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2961:
2957:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2911:2318/1760891
2893:
2889:
2879:
2868:. Retrieved
2866:. 2014-11-16
2863:
2854:
2833:
2825:
2808:2318/1760860
2790:
2786:
2776:
2749:
2745:
2721:. Retrieved
2717:
2708:
2697:. Retrieved
2695:. 2019-05-13
2692:
2683:
2672:. Retrieved
2668:
2659:
2648:. Retrieved
2646:. 2014-06-20
2643:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2607:. Retrieved
2603:
2567:
2560:
2535:
2529:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2500:the original
2479:
2475:
2462:
2454:
2445:
2432:
2427:
2418:
2408:
2399:
2389:
2386:Ronald Coase
2381:
2371:
2363:
2318:Legal theory
2247:
2243:neoclassical
2235:econometrics
2220:
2211:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2171:
2166:
2152:
2143:social norms
2111:human rights
2108:
2091:
2082:
2078:
2038:Rent-seeking
2033:Rent control
2007:Moral hazard
1984:regulation (
1948:
1836:Deregulation
1826:Surveillance
1816:Criminal law
1769:Applications
1752:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1733:
1709:
1689:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1670:Criminal law
1664:
1660:
1649:
1636:
1635:
1611:
1603:
1530:
1515:
1509:
1483:Ronald Coase
1468:
1453:
1440:George Mason
1429:
1401:
1389:Ronald Coase
1383:
1380:
1377:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1331:Robert Lucas
1327:Robert Fogel
1315:Ronald Coase
1311:Henry Simons
1303:Frank Knight
1273:
1266:
1251:mercantilist
1240:
1220:
1211:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1168:
1156:Please help
1151:verification
1148:
1107:Ronald Coase
1082:
1078:
1077:
998:Publications
963:
586:Sociological
559: /
506:
457:Geographical
437:Evolutionary
412:Digitization
377:Agricultural
281:Mathematical
252:Econometrics
136:Legal debate
122:Prescriptive
95:
91:Positive law
73:Legal theory
6968:von Neumann
6737:Supply-side
6722:Physiocracy
6666:Marginalism
6357:Information
6297:Engineering
6277:Development
6272:Demographic
6143:Game theory
6120:Theoretical
5977:Legislature
5908:Bureaucracy
5705:Rule of man
5700:Rule of law
5675:Libertarian
5538:Chinese law
5439:Legislation
5389:Regulations
5377:Law reports
5355:Natural law
5251:Reparations
5246:Refugee law
5169:Jurimetrics
5110:(Media law)
5048:Banking law
5043:Amnesty law
5021:Disciplines
4958:Private law
4772:Description
4558:Law's Order
4528:Thomas Ulen
4372:(5): 1471.
3939:(1): 5–76.
3102:(1): 3–27.
3025:LPE Project
2935:Uri Weiss,
2482:(1): 1–44.
2308:Jurimetrics
2245:tradition.
2231:statistical
2223:game theory
2135:preferences
2127:Mark Kelman
1884:Drug policy
1759:probability
1755:jurimetrics
1690:As used by
1536:Gary Becker
1522:Henry Manne
1432:Henry Manne
1405:Edward Levi
1343:Gary Becker
1335:Eugene Fama
1325:, and also
1319:Jacob Viner
1283:F. A. Hayek
1279:Volker Fund
1119:promulgated
834:von Neumann
487:Information
427:Engineering
407:Development
402:Demographic
344:Game theory
286:Methodology
127:Jurimetrics
7193:Categories
7125:Economists
6998:Schumacher
6903:Schumpeter
6873:von Wieser
6793:von ThĂĽnen
6753:Economists
6652:Circuitism
6617:Humanistic
6612:Historical
6587:Ecological
6577:Democratic
6550:Chartalism
6540:Behavioral
6503:Mainstream
6464:Statistics
6459:Solidarity
6380:Managerial
6347:Humanistic
6342:Historical
6287:Ecological
6252:Behavioral
5970:Law school
5850:Prosecutor
5788:Magistrate
5575:Jewish law
5533:Common law
5454:Rulemaking
5449:Regulation
5399:Law making
5338:Divine law
5314:Legal code
5261:Sports law
5184:Law of war
5134:Health law
5119:Family law
5103:Energy law
5053:Bankruptcy
4990:Punishment
4985:Public law
4762:1843762773
4140:0762301074
4024:2019-12-25
3756:2019-12-23
3030:2021-07-26
2964:(2): 169,
2870:2019-09-25
2752:(1): 1–8.
2723:2019-09-25
2699:2019-09-25
2674:2019-09-04
2650:2019-09-04
2609:2019-09-04
2509:2019-09-08
2355:References
2088:Criticisms
2014:Quarantine
1903:common law
1763:statistics
1641:efficiency
1626:common law
1622:negligence
1456:Adam Smith
1436:law school
1247:Adam Smith
1184:newspapers
993:Economists
864:Schumacher
769:Schumpeter
739:von Wieser
659:von ThĂĽnen
620:economists
596:Statistics
591:Solidarity
512:Managerial
477:Humanistic
472:Historical
417:Ecological
382:Behavioral
276:Mainstream
60:Philosophy
55:Definition
7043:Greenspan
7008:Samuelson
6988:Galbraith
6958:Tinbergen
6898:von Mises
6893:Heckscher
6853:Edgeworth
6732:Stockholm
6727:Socialist
6627:Keynesian
6607:Happiness
6567:Classical
6528:Mutualism
6523:Anarchist
6508:Heterodox
6405:Personnel
6367:Knowledge
6332:Happiness
6322:Financial
6292:Education
6267:Democracy
6202:Empirical
6112:Economics
5948:Judiciary
5943:Executive
5918:The bench
5855:Solicitor
5830:Barrister
5710:Sociology
5695:Pseudolaw
5635:Anarchist
5592:Roman law
5580:Parsi law
5565:Hindu law
5553:Canon law
5528:Civil law
5481:Concordat
5372:Precedent
5281:Trust law
5256:Space law
5093:Drugs law
4963:Procedure
4901:Civil law
4293:0042-6601
4254:261930613
4068:153338557
4060:0022-2186
4011:153474147
4003:0022-2186
3961:189928888
3953:1573-0476
3910:0022-0515
3875:0002-8282
3848:0002-8282
3807:153883166
3799:0002-8282
3650:153392930
3634:0022-0507
3591:0002-8282
3517:CiteSeerX
3515:: 15–43.
3471:0022-3808
3436:154112531
3420:0047-2530
3377:0042-6601
3311:0895-3309
3270:0022-3808
3194:0008-1221
3155:0893-9454
3116:0304-405X
3066:0013-0133
2920:207888412
2817:207894000
2768:1572-9990
2496:222331226
2293:Economics
2075:Influence
2068:Water law
1899:Evolution
1259:Corn Laws
1111:economics
909:Greenspan
874:Samuelson
854:Galbraith
824:Tinbergen
764:von Mises
759:Heckscher
719:Edgeworth
537:Personnel
497:Knowledge
462:Happiness
452:Financial
422:Education
397:Democracy
291:Political
257:Heterodox
200:Economics
117:Normative
7154:Category
7134:journals
7120:Glossary
7073:Stiglitz
7038:Rothbard
7018:Buchanan
7003:Friedman
6993:Koopmans
6983:Leontief
6963:Robinson
6848:Marshall
6698:Lausanne
6602:Georgism
6597:Feminist
6545:Buddhist
6535:Austrian
6434:Regional
6410:Planning
6385:Monetary
6317:Feminist
6262:Cultural
6257:Business
6055:Category
5997:Tribunal
5982:Military
5825:Attorney
5795:Judgment
5655:Feminist
5570:Jain law
5367:Case law
5088:Cyberlaw
4995:Corporal
4973:Criminal
4943:Evidence
4933:Doctrine
4911:Contract
4719:(2011).
4707:Abstract
4671:(2013),
4650:(2007).
4597:(2005).
4530:(2012).
4508:(1990).
3732:25081245
3724:18076513
3685:16609092
3539:18758507
3487:38696030
2256:See also
1894:Evidence
1840:Airlines
1614:tort law
1374:Founding
1097:such as
1002:journals
988:Glossary
939:Stiglitz
904:Rothbard
884:Buchanan
869:Friedman
859:Koopmans
849:Leontief
829:Robinson
714:Marshall
618:Notable
566:Regional
542:Planning
517:Monetary
447:Feminist
392:Cultural
387:Business
192:a series
190:Part of
24:a series
22:Part of
7169:Outline
7140:Schools
7132: (
7093:Piketty
7088:Krugman
6953:Kuznets
6943:Kalecki
6918:Polanyi
6808:Cournot
6803:Bastiat
6788:Ricardo
6778:Malthus
6768:Quesnay
6671:Marxian
6562:Chicago
6492:history
6487:Schools
6474:Welfare
6444:Service
6237:Applied
6069:Outline
6006:History
5913:The bar
5887:Verdict
5835:Counsel
5815:Justice
5670:History
5493:Statute
5309:Charter
5271:Tax law
5219:Probate
4746:(press
4436:3150903
4430:: 580.
4386:1229304
4301:1072437
4096:2320068
3918:2728331
3883:1808883
3642:2117138
3599:1821637
3385:1073903
3319:1403928
3202:3481427
3074:2235027
3008:1122392
2669:Econlib
1931:commons
1901:of the
1712:Marxist
1692:lawyers
1268:The Law
1198:scholar
1130:History
1008:Schools
1000: (
959:Piketty
954:Krugman
819:Kuznets
809:Kalecki
784:Polanyi
674:Cournot
669:Bastiat
654:Ricardo
644:Malthus
634:Quesnay
606:Welfare
576:Service
247:Applied
223:Outline
218:History
65:History
7078:Thaler
7058:Ostrom
7053:Becker
7048:Sowell
7028:Baumol
6933:Myrdal
6928:Sraffa
6923:Frisch
6913:Knight
6908:Keynes
6883:Fisher
6878:Veblen
6863:Pareto
6843:Menger
6838:George
6833:Jevons
6828:Walras
6818:Gossen
6742:Thermo
6420:Public
6415:Policy
6372:Labour
6337:Health
5987:Police
5958:Agency
5840:Lawyer
5585:Sharia
5476:Treaty
5471:Repeal
5417:Decree
5328:Custom
5224:Estate
5174:Labour
4938:Equity
4803:
4776:links.
4760:
4744:405–14
4727:
4679:
4658:
4605:
4574:
4562:links.
4538:
4516:
4491:, and
4481:
4434:
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2627:Reason
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2552:794261
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1848:energy
1462:, and
1341:, and
1237:Origin
1200:
1193:
1186:
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