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to set in, brought about partly by deteriorating external conditions - wars, famine, pestilence, economic crisis and so on - but also by the tendency, which affected most if not all medieval women's religious foundations, for wealthy and influential families to use them as secure accommodation for their unmarried and widowed female relatives. Such women were by no means always inclined to the religious life, and their presence in any numbers inevitably affected a community's spiritual practice and discipline for the worse. By the 16th century the abbey was in a state of advanced decadence and moral collapse, which neither bishops nor popes were able to remedy, and was notorious for its worldly life and sexual impropriety.
28:
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245:, Bishop of Langres. Opposition to the reform, inside and outside the nunnery, was so great that there was an attempt on the bishop's life. Eventually they decided that reform was impossible as long as the community remained in the abbey at Tart, and that the only way to bring it about was to transfer the nunnery to
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The abbot of Cîteaux also oversaw the spiritual discipline of the nunnery and was responsible for the appointment of the abbess, who was not elected by the community, as was the practice elsewhere. Tart soon became the head of the female branch of the
Cistercians, and was directly responsible for the
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For the first century of its existence, under the close supervision of the mother house at Cîteaux, Tart Abbey maintained very high standards of devotion and rigour, which assured its predominant position at the head of the women's houses of the
Cistercian Order. After that, however, a decline began
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Thanks to its support from the upper echelons of society, if not to more popular appeal, the abbey received sufficient endowments to ensure its financial stability through the difficult times to come. Its lands included several vineyards, and the sale of wine was a significant element in the abbey's
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After the election of an opponent of the reform, Pierre
Nivelle, as abbot of Cîteaux, Jeanne de Pourlan (who had taken the religious name of Jeanne de Saint Joseph) put herself under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Langres. At the same time she changed the previous system, whereby the abbot of
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In 1617, however, Jeanne-Françoise de
Courcelles de Pourlan (b. 1591), who had been educated as a girl at Tart, returned as abbess, with a strong determination to bring about the required reform. Despite the great resistance of the rest of the community, she found a powerful ally in
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By the end of the 13th century, when the supply of gifts was drying up, the abbey had amassed sufficient wealth, mostly in the form of land, and gained sufficient ability to manage it, to secure their future through the hardships to come, of which there were many: the
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The first few years in Dijon were not comfortable. There were long delays in preparing suitable premises, made longer by the severe reduction in the income of the community in Dijon that resulted when in 1636 the troops of
111:
It seems clear that the creation of this community was the result of a lengthy series of transactions, which may have begun in about 1120, involving not only Arnoul but the lord of Vergy (his overlord);
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after 1520); Collonges Abbey (fdd. 1139 and merged with Ounans in 1622); Corcelles Abbey (fdd. c. 1160); and
Montarlot Abbey (fdd. before 1174 and suppressed in 1393, when its assets were given to
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The foundation charter of Tart Abbey is dated 1132, although the deed mentions three previous gifts from 1125. The founder was Arnoul Cornu, lord of
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Accordingly, those of the community who were willing to accept the new and stricter life - five, plus two novices - moved to Dijon on 24 May 1623.
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355:); Poulangy Abbey (fdd. 1200); Vauxbons or Valbaion Abbey (fdd. c. 1181); and Benoîtevaux Abbey (founded in the second half of the 12th century)
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from Cîteaux. These were often in short supply, and the nuns were obliged to hire day-labourers to make up the shortfall.
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209:, and the epidemics and calamities that these brought with them, lasted more or less right up to the start of the
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in 1623, and the abbey buildings in Tart were destroyed by war shortly afterwards; only ruins remain.
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143:, from where the new foundation at Tart was settled. She remained its head for the next 40 years.
351:(fdd. c 1127); Belfays Abbey (fdd. c. 1128 and suppressed in 1393, when its assets were given to
288:. After passing through a number of uses, the buildings are now a museum of Burgundian life, the
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135:, daughter of Savary de Donzy, Count of Chalon-sur-SaĂ´ne. She was previously a novice in a
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The first abbess was
Elizabeth de Vergy, widow of Humbert de Mailly, lord of Faverney or
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Cîteaux had directly nominated the abbess, to a three-yearly election by the nuns.
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Benoît
Chauvin, Bulletin du Centre d'études médiévales d'Auxerre, 10 (2006)
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sacked and burnt the abbey buildings at Tart in the course of the
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foundation of many further nunneries in France and more in Spain.
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292:, and the former church is now the Dijon Museum of Sacred Art (
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551:« Études d’histoire et d’archéologie cisterciennes »
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Façade of the former abbey church, Saint Anne's, now a museum
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Le Clos de Tart, Le
Patrimoine viticole des Dames de Tart
381:(fdd. 1180); and Molaise or Molèze Abbey (fdd. 1168x1178)
74:, the Cistercian mother house. The community moved to
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Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
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L'Église, la vigne et le vin dans le massif jurassien
50:movement. It was located in the present commune of
443:Un monastère cistercien à Dijon: Les Dames de Tart
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469:. Cercle Girardot: Section d'archéologie de la
436:Chambertin, Le Grand Bernard des Vins de France
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502:Nouveau guide pittoresque du voyageur Ă Dijon
457:L'Abbaye de Tart et ses Filiales au Moyen-Age
563:Claude Chapuis, Cahiers du CEREN 13 (2005),
108:and Tart-la-Ville and the grange of Marmot.
537:Cartulaire du Prieuré de Jully-les-Nonnains
516:Histoire des ordres religieux et militaires
455:Bouton, J., Chauvin, B., Grosjean, E., nd:
332:Cartulaire du Prieuré de Jully-les-Nonnains
230:Histoire des ordres religieux et militaires
149:put the abbey under Papal protection by a
312:List of Cistercian monasteries in France
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284:The community was dissolved during the
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366:(fdd. before 1142, and transferred to
153:of 1147, confirmed by his successors.
635:Buildings and structures in CĂ´te-d'Or
450:La vie de Madame Courcelle de Pourlan
128:, abbot of the nearby Cîteaux Abbey.
139:nunnery, Jully Abbey or Priory, at
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523:Histoire de l’Église en Bourgogne
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645:Tourist attractions in CĂ´te-d'Or
475:Chauvin, B., Blondel, M., 2004:
165:economy: five hectares of the
70:and only a few miles away from
630:1130s establishments in France
620:Cistercian nunneries in France
509:Histoire des Dames de Tart
490:, Article 146, t. II. Pupillin
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232:, le R.P. Helyot, vol. V, 1792
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625:1132 establishments in Europe
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31:Cistercian abbeys in Burgundy
448:Bourée, Edme-Bernard, 1699:
434:Bazin, Jean-François, 1991:
160:Boundary stone of Tart Abbey
92:Foundation and first century
66:, on the banks of the River
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471:société d'émulation du Jura
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525:. Éditions du Bien Public
441:Blondel, Madeleine, 1998:
438:. Editions Jacques Legrand
294:Musée d'art sacré de Dijon
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479:. Monsenay: Éditions Gaud
290:Musée Perrin de Puycousin
122:Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy
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482:Didier, Anselme, 1984:
211:French Wars of Religion
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521:Marilier, Jean, 1991:
334:, Auxerre, 1881, p. 3.
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484:Histoire cistercienne
384:Elsewhere in France:
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167:Vignoble de Bourgogne
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114:Josserand de Brancion
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596:47.18417°N 5.24333°E
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493:Francken, J., 1932:
398:Diocese of Comminges
228:: illustration from
217:Decadence and reform
169:, others located at
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507:Gruère, H., 1939:
452:. Lyon: Jean Certe
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203:Grandes Compagnies
199:Hundred Years' War
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141:Jully-les-Nonnains
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601:47.18417; 5.24333
286:French Revolution
275:Thirty Years' War
179:Morey-Saint-Denis
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118:Bishop of Langres
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573:(in French)
557:(in French)
418:Blendecques
137:Benedictine
614:Categories
497:. Nijmegen
429:References
396:), Fabas (
207:Écorcheurs
48:Cistercian
36:Tart Abbey
587:5°14′36″E
584:47°11′3″N
539:. Auxerre
486:, vol 3:
414:Fervaques
410:Droiteval
406:Rieunette
402:L’Éclache
345:Champagne
133:Fauverney
60:CĂ´te-d'Or
461:MĂ©langes
306:See also
205:and the
62:), near
56:Burgundy
504:. Dijon
445:. Dijon
106:Rouvres
82:History
46:of the
44:nunnery
38:, also
569:, 2005
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201:, the
171:Beaune
102:tithes
64:Genlis
318:Notes
256:Dijon
247:Dijon
76:Dijon
68:Ouche
527:ISBN
416:and
368:Dole
343:*In
151:bull
87:Tart
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358:In
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