Louis Leakey - Knowledge

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Leakey, and his first wife, Elizabeth. ... in 1926, when Elizabeth died ... She married a South African colleague, Bremer Hofmeyr, in 1946. ... in ... 1954 ... Mau Mau fighters ... attacked her father's farm, killed her stepmother and abducted her father. ... buried alive, in a shallow grave on Mount Kenya. ... she lost her eldest brother, Nigel Leakey, in 1941 at Colito, where he won the Victoria Cross. Three years after Bremer's death, in 1993, their elder son, Murray, was killed in a car accident in Johannesburg.

5039: 1002:... I sought a personal interview with the governor, hoping to make him appreciate that it was no longer possible to continue along the lines of the old colonial regime. ... Colonial governors and senior civil servants are not easy people to argue with; and, of course, I was not popular, because of my criticism of the colonial service ... Had it been possible to make the government open its eyes to the realities of the situation, I believe that the whole miserable episode of what is frequently spoken of as ' 5003: 4210: 798: 4953: 4648: 600: 4979: 5015: 5027: 1031:, governor of the colony, that nocturnal meetings and forced oaths were not Kikuyu customs and foreboded violence, but was ignored. Now he found himself pulled away from anthropology to investigate the Mau Mau. During this period his life was threatened and a reward placed on his head. The Leakeys began to pack pistols, termed "European National Dress." The government placed him under 24-hour guard. 764:

report of March 1935, Louis accused Boswell of reneging on his word, but Boswell asserted he had made no such promise, and now having public opinion on his side, warned Louis to withdraw the claim. Louis was not only forced to retract the accusation in his final field report in June 1935 but also to recant his support of Reck. Louis was through at Cambridge. Even his mentors turned on him.

4991: 439:), Miss Higgenbotham (another missionary), and Mariamu (a Kikuyu nurse). Louis grew up, played, and learned to hunt with the native Kikuyus. He also learned to walk with the distinctive gait of the Kikuyu and speak their language fluently, as did his siblings. He was initiated into the Kikuyu ethnic group, an event of which he never spoke, as he was sworn to secrecy. 1042:. Louis was summoned to be a court interpreter, but withdrew after an accusation of mistranslation because of prejudice against the defendant. He returned on request to translate documents only. Because of lack of evidence linking Kenyatta to the Mau Mau, although convicted, he did not receive the death penalty, but was sentenced to several years of hard labour. 657:. Early dates for human evolution were not widely accepted by the general public at the time. Reck became involved in a media uproar. He was barred from going back to settle the question by the war and then the terms of the transfer of Tanganyika from Germany to Britain. In 1929, Louis visited Berlin to talk to the now skeptical Reck. Noting an 821:." They lived without heat, electricity, or plumbing, fetching water from a well and writing by oil lantern. They lived in poverty for 18 months at this low point of their fortunes, visited at first only by Mary's relatives. Louis gardened for subsistence and exercise and improved the house and grounds. He appealed at last to the 697:. While he was gone, the opposition worked up some "evidence" of the intrusion of Olduvai Man into an earlier layer, evidence that seemed convincing at the time, but is missing and unverifiable now. On his return, Louis' finds were carefully examined by a committee of 26 scientists and were tentatively accepted as valid. 611:, by two women on a holiday, one of whom was Frida Avern (1902–1993). Avern had done some coursework in archaeology. Louis and Frida began a relationship, which continued upon his return to Cambridge. In 1928, they married and continued work near Lake Elmenteita. Finds from Gamble's Cave were donated by Leakey to the 773:

associates did the groundwork for future excavation at Olduvai, uncovering dozens of sites for a broad sampling, as was his method. They were named after the excavator: SHK (Sam Howard's karongo), BK (Peter Bell's), SWK (Sam White's), MNK (Mary Nicol's). Louis and Mary conducted a temporary clinic for the

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Agnes Leakey, worker for reconciliation: born Limuru, Kenya 8 May 1917; married 1946 Bremer Hofmeyr (died 1993; one son, and one son deceased); died Johannesburg 1 December 2006. ... Agnes Leakey was born in Limuru, Kenya, in 1917, the youngest child of Gray Leakey, cousin of the anthropologist Louis

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In January 1947 Louis conducted the first Pan-African Congress of Prehistory at Nairobi. Sixty scientists from 26 countries attended, delivering papers and visiting the Leakey sites. The conference restored Louis to the scientific fold and made him a major figure in it. With the money that now poured

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From 1925 on Louis lectured and wrote on African archaeological and palaeontological topics. On graduation he was such a respected figure that Cambridge sent him to East Africa to study prehistoric African humans. He excavated dozens of sites, undertaking for the first time a systematic study of the

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was going to send a fossil-hunting expedition led by William E. Cutler to the site. Louis applied and was hired to locate the site and manage the administrative details. In 1924 they departed for Africa. They never found a complete dinosaur skeleton, and Louis was recalled from the site by Cambridge

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style, at the end of the garden. It was home to his personal collection of natural objects, such as birds' eggs and skulls. All the children developed a keen interest in and appreciation of the pristine natural surroundings in which they found themselves. They raised baby animals, later turning them

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that I had as pets in my childhood days—and that eventually I had to house in large cages—it makes me sad. It makes me sadder still, however, and also very angry, when I think of the innumerable adult animals and birds deliberately caught and locked up for the so-called 'pleasure' and 'education' of

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Non-humanoid fossils and tools were extracted from the ground in large numbers. Frida delayed joining her husband and was less enthusiastic about him on behalf of Priscilla. She did arrive eventually, however, and Louis put her to work. Frida's site became FLK, for Frida Leakey's Karongo ("gully").

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In 1942, the Italian menace ended, but the Japanese began to reconnoiter with a view toward landing in force. Louis found himself in counter-intelligence work, which he performed with zest and imagination. In the same year, their daughter Deborah was born, but died at the age of three months. They

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tribe for use as harpoons and the sites could not now be located. To make matters worse, all the photos Louis took were ruined by a light leak in the camera. After an irritating and fruitless two-month search, Boswell left for England, promising, as Louis understood it, not to publish a word until

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In November 1931, Louis led an expedition to Olduvai whose members included Reck, whom Louis allowed to enter the gorge first. Leakey had bet Reck that Leakey would find Acheulean tools within the first 24 hours, which he did. These verified the provenance of the 1913 find, now called Olduvai Man.

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and persuaded Senior Chief Koinange, who designated a committee of chiefs, to help him describe the Kikuyu the way they had been. Mary excavated at Waterfall Cave. She fell ill with double pneumonia and was near death for two weeks in the hospital in Nairobi, during which time her mother was sent

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dated 9 March 1935, destroying Reck's and Louis's dates of the fossils and questioning Louis's competence. Despite the searches for the iron markers, Boswell averred that "the earlier expedition (of 1931–32) neither marked the localities on the ground nor recorded the sites on a map." In a field

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The government brought in British troops and formed a home guard of 20,000 Kikuyu. During this time, Louis played a difficult and contradictory role. He sided with the settlers, serving as their spokesman and intelligence officer, helping to ferret out bands of guerrillas. On the other hand, he

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is in many physical respects still very unspecialized ... But in one thing man, as we know him today, is over-specialized. His brain power is very over-specialized compared to the rest of his physical make-up, and it may well be that this over-specialization will lead, just as surely, to his

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Meeting Mary in Africa, he proceeded to Olduvai with a small party. Louis' parents continued to urge him to return to Frida, and would pay for everyone in the party but Mary. Mary joined him under a stigma but her skill and competence eventually won over the other participants. Louis and his

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was born. In 1945 the family's income from police work all but vanished. By now Louis was getting plenty of job offers but he chose to stay on in Kenya as Curator of the Coryndon Museum, with an annual salary and a house, but more importantly, to continue palaeoanthropological research.

511:, a private boys' school, when he was 16 years old. In about three years, he did not do well and complained of hazing and rules that he considered an infringement on his freedom. Advised by one teacher to seek employment in a bank, he secured help from an English teacher in applying to 3618:, Chapter 2. Olduvai Man languished through World War II in a Berlin museum and then partially disappeared, but preservative applied to the bones took away any hope of an accurate C-14 date; however, neither can any evidence of intrusion be located. Kanjera Man is ancient, possibly 3665:

that the service was more directly British; in fact, he refers to "my counterpart in military intelligence." However, Louis would not be revealing everything he knew. Morell portrays him as having been in police work before being drafted. She had personal access to the surviving

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and turned over the acting directorship of Coryndon to a subordinate. He created the Centre for Prehistory and Paleontology on the same grounds, moved his collections to it, and appointed himself director. This was his new operations center. He opened another excavation at

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In 1958, Leakey founded the Tigoni Primate Research Center with Cynthia Booth, on her farm north of Nairobi. Later it was the National Primate Research Center, currently the Institute of Primate Research, now in Nairobi. As the Tigoni center, it funded Leakey's

893:, reporting on the talk. In September 1939, when Britain went to war, the Kenyan government drafted Louis into its African intelligence service. Apart from some bumbling around, during which he and some settlers stalked each other as possible saboteurs of the 1019:

While the Leakeys were at Lake Victoria, the Kikuyu struck at the European settlers of the Kenyan highlands, who seemed to have the upper hand and were insisting on a "white" government of a "white" Africa. In 1949 the Kikuyu formed a secret society, the

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In denial, the family did not face the question of a memorial marker for a year. When Richard went to place a stone on the grave he found one already there, courtesy of Louis' former secretary Rosalie Osborn. The inscription was signed with the letters,

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wrote that because of Louis's involvement with the Calico Hills site she had lost academic respect for him and that the Calico excavation project was "catastrophic to his professional career and was largely responsible for the parting of our ways".

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Elizabeth Hubbard Woolmer was born on 20 December 1793. ... On 28 August 1815 she married the artist James Leakey (1775-1865) at St. Sidwell's Church, Exeter (2). They had eleven children. ... Caroline Woolmer Leakey

1388:, respectively. Leakey also encouraged and supported many other PhD candidates, most notably from Cambridge University. Louis believed that women were better at studying primates than men, as shown in the book 653:

The geology of Olduvai was known. In 1913, Reck had extricated a skeleton from Bed II in the gorge wall. He argued that it must have the date of the bed, which was believed to be 600,000 years, in the mid-

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in AnthroQuest Online for Fall, 2003, Louis received the Kikuyu name Wakuruigi, "Son of the Sparrow Hawk." Harry also had a name, apparently not an initiation name, but rather descriptive: Giteru, "Big

529:. When he came to his finals, he asked to be examined in this language, and the authorities agreed. Then one day, he received two letters. One instructed him to report at a certain time and place for a 1095:

Beginning in 1951, Louis and Mary began intensive research at Olduvai Gorge. A trial trench in Bed II at BK in 1951 was followed by a more extensive excavation in 1952. They found what Louis termed an

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for a grant to write a study of the Kikuyu and it was given late in 1936 along with a salary for two years. In January 1937 the Leakeys travelled to Kenya. Colin would not see his father for 20 years.

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and numerous talks and articles. He recommended a multi-racial government, land reform in the highlands, a wage hike for the Kikuyu, and many other reforms, most of which were eventually adopted.

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in Vanne Goodall's apartment in London (Jane Goodall's mother). Vanne sat up all night with him in St. Stephen's Hospital and left at 9:00 a.m. He died 30 minutes later at the age of 69.

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until 1956, when, deprived of its leadership and supplies, it had to disperse. The state of emergency lasted until 1960. In 1963 Kenya became independent, with Jomo Kenyatta as prime minister.

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We know from the study of evolution that, again and again, various branches of animal stock have become over-specialized, and that over-specialization has led to their extinction. Present-day

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editors Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, David A. Eberth. Indiana University Press 2010. Chapter 35 "Lost in plain sight: Rediscovery of William E. Cutler's lost Eoceratops" by

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Louis received his PhD in 1930 at the age of 27. His first child, a daughter named Priscilla Muthoni Leakey, was born in 1931. His headaches and epilepsy returned, and he was prescribed

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Louis conducted interrogations, analyzed handwriting, wrote radio broadcasts and took on regular police investigations. He loved a good mystery of any sort. The white leadership of the

4174:– The Leakey Foundation: a non-profit organization committed to increasing scientific knowledge, education, and public understanding of human origins, evolution, behavior and survival. 1057:

and detained the committees. Following Louis' suggestion, thousands of Kikuyu were placed in re-education camps and resettled in new villages. The rebellion continued from bases under

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together for a brief romance, which she broke off. Richard began to assume more and more of his father's responsibilities, which Louis resisted, but in the end was forced to accept.

751:, whom he invited to verify the sites for himself. Arriving at Kanam and Kanjera in 1935, they found that the iron markers Louis had used to mark the sites had been removed by the 3648:, Chapter 6, it was the chief who suggested she excavate. He knew artifacts were being washed from the cave. Louis and Mary had moved into a hut in his compound at his invitation. 471:. This interest may have predisposed him toward a career in archaeology. His father was also a role model: Canon Leakey co-founded East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society. 5149: 743:

A panel at Cambridge investigated his morals. Grants dried up, but his mother raised enough money for another expedition to Olduvai, Kanam, and Kanjera, the latter two on the

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In the last few years Louis' health began to fail more seriously. He had his first heart attacks and spent six months in the hospital. An empathy over health brought him and

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in which he was required to be proficient, even though no one there could test him on it. The university accepted an affidavit from a Kikuyu chief signed with a thumbprint.

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Published posthumously. The manuscript remained in Louis' safe for decades for lack of a publisher. It was 3 volumes. He refused to follow editorial advice and shorten it.

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as "...the CID... Special Branch, Section 6, concerned with civil intelligence." The drafting authority was the "Kenya government" and there is no indication in the

579:", or high honours, in anthropology and archaeology. He had used some of his preexisting qualifications; for example, Kikuyu was offered and accepted as the second 3296:

Canon Leakey also was a naturalist and must have been a significant model, as Louis wished originally to pattern his life after his father's, according to Louis'

307:." Each went on to become an important scholar in the field of primatology. Leakey also encouraged and supported many other PhD candidates, most notably from the 685:

Back in Cambridge, the sceptics were not impressed. To find supporting evidence of the antiquity of Reck's Olduvai Man, Louis returned to Africa, excavating at

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Leakey's books are listed below. The gaps between books are filled by too many articles to list. It was Louis who began the Leakey tradition of publishing in

1099:"slaughter-house", an ancient bog where animals had been trapped and butchered. Excavations stopped in 1953 but were briefly resumed in 1955 with Jean Brown. 3475: 2701: 5089: 287:

Another of Leakey's legacies stems from his role in fostering field research of primates in their natural habitats, which he saw as key to understanding

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During his final years Louis became famous as a lecturer in the United Kingdom and United States. He did not excavate any longer, as he was impaired by

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Louis and Mary returned to England in 1935 without positions or any place to stay except Mary's mother's apartment. They soon leased Steen Cottage in

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Mary continued to find and excavate sites. In 1940, their son Jonathan Leakey was born. She worked in the Coryndon Memorial Museum (later called the

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used him extensively to clear up many cultural mysteries; for example, he helped an officer remove a curse he had inadvertently put on his men.

736:. Louis convinced Mary to take on the illustration of his book, and a few months later companionship turned into an affair. Frida gave birth to 874:. Louis got an extension of his grant, which he used partially for fossil-hunting. Leakey discoveries began to appear in the newspapers again. 5069: 1548: 922:) where Louis joined her as an unpaid honorary curator in 1941. Their life was a melange of police work and archaeology. They investigated 1479:

In 1968, Leakey assisted with the founding of The Leakey Foundation to ensure the legacy of his life's work in the study of human origins.

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In 1961, Leakey created the Centre for Prehistory and Paleontology on the same grounds as Coryndon Museum, appointing himself director.

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Tensions between the Kikuyu and the settlers increased alarmingly. Louis jumped into the fray as an exponent of the middle ground. In

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He frequently told a story about his final exams. When he had arrived in Britain, he had notified the registrar that he was fluent in

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and returned to Cambridge in 1929 to classify and prepare the finds from Elmenteita. His patron and mentor at Cambridge were now

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Louis had a younger brother, Douglas, and two older sisters, Gladys and Julia. Both sisters married missionaries: Gladys married

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Mary wanted to cremate Louis and fly the ashes back to Nairobi. Richard intervened. Louis' body was flown home and interred at

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tool in Reck's collection of artifacts from Olduvai, he bet Reck he could find ancient stone tools at Olduvai within 24 hours.

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The guest list is Peter Bell (zoologist), Sam White (surveyor), Peter Kent (geologist), Heselon Mukiri, Thairu Irumbi, Ndekei.

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which were dated 100,000 years or older, suggesting a human presence in North America much earlier than others had estimated.

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inquiry in eastern Africa, he also motivated many future generations to continue this scholarly work. Several members of the

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NIGEL GRAY LEAKEY ... Died 19 May 1941 Age 28 years old ... Son of Arundell Gray A. and Elizabeth Leakey, of Kiganjo, Kenya.

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Neither Harry nor May were of strong constitution. From 1904 to 1906 the entire family lived at May's mother's house in

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Not long afterwards, in 1960, Louis, his son Philip and Ray Pickering discovered a fossil he termed "Chellean Man", (

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had made three visits to the site in 1973 and had claimed that the artifacts found by Leakey were naturally formed

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in December 1933, and the next month Louis left her and his newborn son. She would not sue for divorce until 1936.

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The government offered Louis work as a policeman in intelligence, which he accepted. He traveled the country as a

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whose work was important in demonstrating that humans evolved in Africa, particularly through discoveries made at

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This account is based on Morell, Chapter 5, "Disaster at Kanam", supplemented with detail from Louis' account in

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examination in Swahili. The other asked if, at the same time and place, he would examine a candidate in Swahili.

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dated Bed I from 1.89 to 1.75 million years ago, confirming the great antiquity of fossil hominids in Africa.

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In 1959, excavations at Bed I were opened. While Louis was sick in camp, Mary discovered the fossilized skull

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with Simpson. Excavations at the site carried out by Leakey and Simpson revealed that they had located stone

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and Morell, Chapter 6, "Olduvai's Bounty", describe the explorations on which these few sentences are based.

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In Britain, the Leakey children attended primary school; in Africa, they had a tutor. The family spent

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at Louis' request, which Tobias translated as "handyman." It was seen as intermediary between gracile

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in Africa. When the sea lanes opened again in 1919, they returned to Boscombe, and Louis was sent to

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O'Donoghue, F. M.; Remington, V. (revised) (2004). "Leakey, James (1775–1865), miniature painter".

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tools. After reconstruction Louis and Mary called it "Pinhead." It was subsequently identified as

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Written in 1972 and published posthumously. Louis finished writing on the day before his death.

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Boswell immediately set out to publish as many words as he was able, beginning with a letter in

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near Cambridge. In November 1932, Frida used an inheritance to purchase a large brick house in

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Olduvai Gorge: the Cranium and Maxillary Dentition of Australopithecus (Zinjanthropus) boisei

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Robertshaw, Peter (1988). "The elmenteitan: An early food-producing culture in East Africa".

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The government then realized the rebellion was being directed from urban centers, instituted

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Multiple editions with rewrites, the 4th in 1955. Illustrated by Mary Leakey. Book reviews:

1116:" or "Zinj." The question was whether the fossil belonged to a previous genus discovered by 838:

Louis had already involved himself in Kikuyu tribal affairs in 1928, taking a stand against

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artifacts. Some of his names for archaeological cultures are still in use; for example, the

467:, the first curator (1914) of the Natural History Museum in Nairobi, the predecessor of the 5064: 5059: 4504: 4439: 4399: 3579: 3163: 2953: 1160:

In 1960, Louis appointed Mary director of excavation at Olduvai. She brought in a staff of

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extinction. ... if we are to control our future, we must first understand the past better.

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The source for this subsection is Morell, Chapter 3, "Laying Claim to the Earliest Man".

3194: 642:, a German national, whom Louis had met in 1925 in Germany while on business for Keith. 4795: 4777: 4414: 4372: 4352: 4234: 3597: 3276: 2660: 968: 935: 881:, he angered the settlers by proclaiming Kenya could never be a "white man's country." 847: 720:

most of the time, and was unable to work on the illustrations for Louis's second book,

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At "Jonny's site", FLK-NN, Jonathan Leakey discovered two skull fragments without the

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On the strength of his work there, he obtained a post-graduate research fellowship at

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Louis Leakey's Legacy: Celebrating the Centennial of His Extraordinary Life and Finds

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in their natural habitats, which he understood as key to unraveling the mysteries of

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New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium

850:, who was lecturing on the topic. R. Copeland at Oxford recommended he apply to the 4618: 4388: 4214: 4100: 3601: 3587: 3480: 3355: 2861: 2706: 1270: 1250:

In 1962 Louis was visiting Olduvai when Ndibo Mbuika discovered the first tooth of

1003: 871: 717: 526: 464: 3499: 3359: 2718: 1300:, an archaeologist from California. Simpson had acquired what looked like ancient 349:

Louis's parents, Harry (1868–1940) and Mary (May) Bazett Leakey (died 1948), were

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Louis described it as a "pot-boiler" written in 1936 for Hodder & Stoughton.

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at MNK. Louis and Mary thought it was female and named her Cinderella, or Cindy.

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In 1952, after a Mau Mau massacre of pro-British chiefs, the government arrested

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Ten chapters consisting of the ten Munro Lectures delivered in 1936 by Louis to

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Recent Research into Oldowan Hominin Activities at Kanjera South, Western Kenya

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Ancestral Passions: The Leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings

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Morell, Virginia, "Called "'Trimates,' Three Bold Women Shaped Their Field".

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Olduvai Gorge: A Report on the Evolution of the Hand-Axe Culture in Beds I–IV

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Morell, Virginia, "Called 'Trimates,' Three Bold Women Shaped Their Field",

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for. Contrary to expectation, she recovered and began another excavation at

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One of Louis's legacies stems from his role in fostering field research of

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These few paragraphs rely on Morell, Chapter 16, "The Human with Ability".

1422:. Mary accepted one, and they thereafter led separate professional lives. 813:

and had an unusual name which Louis, with his sense of humor noted in his

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Louis requested and was given permission to build and move into a hut,

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This subsection is based on Morell's chapter 11, "Louis and Kenyatta".

1188:. When mailed photographs, Le Gros Clark retorted casually "Shades of 989:

was born in 1949. In 1950, Louis was awarded an honorary doctorate by

825:, who relented with a small grant to continue work on his collection. 599: 4813: 4762: 4743: 4694: 4603: 4346: 3592: 3567: 3063:

Olduvai Gorge: A Preliminary Report on the Geology and Fauna, 1951–61

1415: 1400: 1385: 658: 639: 616: 607:

In 1927, Louis received a visit at a site called Gamble's Cave, near

575:, head of the Cambridge department. In 1926, Louis graduated with a " 556: 531: 487: 448: 436: 378: 977:

donated money for a boat to be used for transport on Lake Victoria,

724:

At a dinner party given in his honor, after a lecture of his at the

571:

Louis switched his focus to anthropology, and found a new mentor in

5014: 4978: 4861: 4752: 4715: 4692: 4572: 4171: 3926:"Congresses and Presidents – PanAfrican Archaeological Association" 1497: 1327: 939: 552: 483: 429: 1469:

congress, held in Nairobi. From 1955 to 1959 he was its president.

4823: 4727: 4567: 4550: 4317: 3217: 3215: 3008: 1493: 1381: 1353: 1200: 1096: 890: 862: 858: 778: 382: 381:, rodents and insects, and no heating system except for charcoal 374: 4028: 959:

in Louis undertook the famous expeditions of 1948 and beyond at

4883: 4721: 4709: 4384: 4294: 3711:

This section is based on Morell, Chapter 8, "Cloak-and-Dagger".

2956:

and intended by him as a textbook. Illustrated by Mary Leakey.

1445: 1244: 894: 782: 370: 331: 327: 71: 3212: 538: 4922: 4633: 4623: 4275: 3534:

This account is based on Morell, Chapter 4, "Louis and Mary".

1465:

In 1947, Leakey was central to the organisation of the first

4079:"Mau Mau and the Kikuyu – 1952, Page iii by L. S. B. Leakey" 3148:

Campaign against female genital mutilation in colonial Kenya

1492:, who made the noteworthy discovery of fossil footprints at 4907: 4628: 4269: 3038: 1103: 705:

Following their marriage in 1928, Louis and Frida lived in

1024:, which attacked settlers and especially loyalist Kikuyu. 842:. He got into a shouting match in Kikuyu one evening with 361:. Harry Leakey was assigned to an established post of the 4990: 4250: 4013: 1304:

from a site in the Calico Hills and showed it to Leakey.

3444:. Spring, Texas: Lulu.com (self-published). p. 11. 2777:"Serjeant Nigel Gray Leakey | War Casualty Details" 2771: 2769: 2767: 4219: 4097:"Defeating Mau Mau – 1954, Page iii by L. S. B. Leakey" 2698: 1216:

In 1961 Louis got a salary as well as a grant from the

5150:

Presidents of the South African Archaeological Society

2909:

Adam's Ancestors: The Evolution of Man and His Culture

1410:

In 1968, Louis refused an honorary doctorate from the

1046:

continued to advocate for the Kikuyu in his 1954 book

716:

The following year, Frida was pregnant, suffered from

260:(7 August 1903 – 1 October 1972) was a Kenyan-British 4967: 3858:

After the Ice: a global human history, 20,000–5000 BC

3309:

The facts for this section were gathered mainly from

2764: 547:

as part of the settlement of World War I. Within the

397:. He had a distinguished career in the CMS, becoming 291:. He personally focused on three female researchers, 3568:"Human Remains from Kanam and Kanjera, Kenya Colony" 2948:

Stone Age Africa: an Outline of Prehistory in Africa

2820:"Agnes Hofmeyr, Worker for reconciliation in Africa" 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 1225:

on Lake Victoria. Shortly after, Heselon discovered

732:

introduced her own illustrator, the twenty-year-old

5130:

People educated at Weymouth College (public school)

4052:

Most of them have many publishers in many editions.

3657:Louis describes this authority in Chapter 8 of his 1184:. The problem with it was its contemporaneity with 1178:, which Mary connected with Broom's and Robinson's 981:. Its skipper, Hassan Salimu, was later to deliver 459:(1907), a juvenile fictional work illustrating the 435:The Leakey household came to contain Miss Oakes (a 3479:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 3468: 934:lived in a rundown and bug-infested Nairobi home, 781:, and ended by studying the rock paintings at the 3791:Smithsonian Institution, Human Origins Initiative 2802: 5051: 4760: 3897:Morell Chapter 23, "Mining Hominids at Olduvai". 3815:tells a different story about the name. See the 3745: 1500:, they are the earliest record of bipedal gait. 1360:. He personally chose three female researchers, 833: 27:British archaeologist and naturalist (1903–1972) 1239:with "Leakey Safari Specials", a drink made of 1146:and a large grant to continue work at Olduvai. 693:. He easily found more fossils, which he named 2900:Written in 1929. Illustrated by Frida Leakey. 4678: 4235: 3915:Morell, Chapter 30, "An End and a Beginning". 3811:Morell Chapter 16, "The Human with Ability." 2738:"Eliza Hubbard Woolmer, wife of James Leakey" 1542: 1064: 3845:Historical Dictionary of Early North America 3751: 2705:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 747:. His previous work there was questioned by 215:Royal Geographical Society's Founder's Medal 3980: 3752:Taylor, R. E.; Aitken, M. J., eds. (1997). 3518:, by L. C. Bishop et al., published in the 1483: 1134:, but one which attracted the attention of 539:Archaeological and paleontological research 272:with his wife, fellow palaeoanthropologist 4685: 4671: 4242: 4228: 3754:Chronometric Dating in Archaeology, Vol. 2 3345: 1549: 1535: 1459: 967:, where Mary discovered the most complete 801:Steen Cottage, Nasty, Great Munden in 2011 668:, which he took for the rest of his life. 551:the Germans had discovered a site rich in 498: 42: 3943: 3756:. Springer-Verlag New York. p. 110. 3591: 3552:Head of the Department of Geology at the 3530: 3528: 3424:Arthur Tindell Hopwood, Donald MacInnes, 1235:, who happened to be present, aboard the 1142:. That contact resulted in an article in 828: 478:, in England, while Harry recovered from 5080:Archaeological history of Eastern Africa 3470:"Leakey, Henrietta Wilfrida (1902–1993)" 3463: 3461: 3393:For an account of the incident refer to 3222:Galdikas, Birute Mary (6 January 2007). 3221: 1307:In 1963, Leakey obtained funds from the 796: 767: 644: 615:in 1931. At that time he discovered the 598: 5090:Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge 3888:, Vol. 260, 16 April 1993, pp. 420–425. 3565: 3476:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3253:, Vol. 260, 16 April 1993, pp. 420–425. 2732: 2730: 2728: 2702:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 900:, his first task was to supply and arm 671: 48:Louis Leakey with his wife Mary in 1962 14: 5145:Kenyan emigrants to the United Kingdom 5075:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge 5052: 4062:"Prehistory and Physical Anthropology" 3981:Dale, Peterson; Goodall, Jane (2008). 3525: 3437: 3089:Animals of East Africa: The Wild realm 2830:from the original on 22 September 2012 2783:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 1414:in Johannesburg, primarily because of 713:, which the family named "The Close". 543:In 1922, the British had been awarded 284:became prominent scholars themselves. 4666: 4578:Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor 4223: 3952:"A national primate centre for Kenya" 3458: 3374:"Collection search: You searched for" 3335:Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology 2978:The Miocene Hominoidea of East Africa 2965:White African: an Early Autobiography 2896:The Stone Age Culture of Kenya Colony 2672: 2670: 2668: 2659: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2523: 2521: 2514: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2493: 2484: 2482: 2475: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2459: 2457: 2450: 2448: 2441: 2439: 2359: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2269: 2267: 2248: 2246: 2239: 2230: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2209: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2160: 2158: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1828: 1826: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1608: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1496:. Found preserved in volcanic ash in 1467:PanAfrican Archaeological Association 1260:identified Jonny's Child with it and 777:, made preliminary investigations of 4588:Orangutan–human last common ancestor 3949: 3396:Hans Reck and the Discovery of O.H.1 2817: 2725: 792: 276:. Having established a programme of 5070:20th-century British archaeologists 3406:at the "Always Something New" site. 3113:By the Evidence: Memoirs, 1932–1951 1432: 945: 563:, a friend of the family, that the 24: 5135:People from Girton, Cambridgeshire 4583:Gorilla–human last common ancestor 4515:Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes 3622:; Homo kanamensis is an intrusion. 3566:Boswell, P. G. H. (9 March 1935). 3172:List of hominina (hominid) fossils 1448:, near the graves of his parents. 676: 594: 493: 25: 5161: 4593:Gibbon–human last common ancestor 4165: 3950:Else, James G. (1 January 1983). 3776:Morell, Chapter 14, "Mary's Dig". 3224:"The Vanishing Man of the Forest" 2787:from the original on 8 April 2022 2748:from the original on 6 April 2022 1296:in London, received a visit from 1294:British Museum of Natural History 996: 565:British Museum of Natural History 416:from 1960 to 1970; Julia married 5110:Kenyan people of British descent 5037: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4989: 4977: 4952: 4951: 4647: 4646: 4398: 3740:Finding the World's Earliest Man 1069: 884: 817:, Chapter 5, as "the village of 143: 4525:Great Apes Survival Partnership 4475:Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary 4124: 4107: 4089: 4071: 4055: 4046: 4021: 4001: 3974: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3891: 3876: 3863: 3850: 3837: 3828: 3805: 3779: 3770: 3732: 3723: 3714: 3705: 3693: 3681: 3669: 3651: 3638: 3625: 3608: 3559: 3546: 3537: 3506: 3431: 3418: 3409: 3387: 3366: 3126:The Southern Kikuyu before 1903 2692: 1437:On 1 October 1972, Louis had a 1341: 1281: 726:Royal Anthropological Institute 163: 139: 4211:Works by or about Louis Leakey 4196:, in CD Groliers Encyclopedia. 4155:"The Old Man of Olduvai Gorge" 3729:Morell, Chapter 12, "Our Man". 3339: 3320: 3303: 3290: 3269: 3256: 3241: 3187: 3054:With Peter Schmidt. Online at 2818:Lean, Mary (26 January 2007). 2623:Lt. Gen. Arundell David Leakey 1006:' need never have taken place. 623:, which he excavated in 1928. 603:St. John's College, Cambridge. 13: 1: 3987:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 3520:African Archaeological Review 3360:10.1080/00438243.1988.9980056 3180: 2935:Kenya: Contrasts and Problems 2508:Jonathan Harry Erskine Leakey 2461:Maj. Gen. Arundell Rea Leakey 2210:Arundell Gray Arundell Leakey 1394: 1292:In 1959 Leakey, while at the 879:Kenya: Contrasts and Problems 834:Return to British East Africa 424:from 1964 to 1966; their son 314: 3500:UK public library membership 3275:According to Blake Edgar in 2922:The Stone Age races of Kenya 2719:UK public library membership 2495:Richard Erskine Frere Leakey 1488:Louis Leakey was married to 1027:Louis had attempted to warn 513:St John's College, Cambridge 422:Bishop of Rwanda and Burundi 373:, in the highlands north of 326:When I think back... of the 7: 4189:, the leakey.com biography. 3984:The Woman Who Redefined Man 3554:Imperial College of Science 3512:Read about these events in 3441:Adam, Apes and Anthropology 3136: 3080:With Vanne Morris Goodall. 3007:Started in 1935. Names the 2232:Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey 1412:University of Witwatersrand 1309:National Geographic Society 1218:National Geographic Society 1140:National Geographic Society 938:. Jonathan was attacked by 447:over to zoos. Louis read a 258:Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey 10: 5166: 4598:List of fictional primates 4450:Neanderthal genome project 2926:Proposes Homo kanamensis. 1345: 1313:archaeological excavations 1285: 1213:at 1.4 million years old. 1112:, famously identified as " 1065:Work in palaeoanthropology 700: 518:Louis matriculated at the 318: 58:Louis Seymour Bazet Leakey 4947: 4905: 4869: 4860: 4821: 4812: 4751: 4742: 4704: 4693:Extant species of family 4642: 4543: 4530:International Primate Day 4493: 4480:Borneo Orangutan Survival 4435:Chimpanzee genome project 4407: 4396: 4257: 4143:, Greenwood Press, 2005. 4009:"The Leakey family - PBS" 3438:Morton, Glenn R. (1997). 2986:. Volume I of the series 2742:Artsandculture.google.com 2676: 2657: 2587: 2585: 2557: 2555: 2531: 2500: 2491: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2357: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2317: 2313: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2237: 2228: 2207: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2156: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2120: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1968: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1882: 1880: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1755: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1737: 1673: 1671: 1606: 1518:, was a recipient of the 1503:He is also the father of 920:National Museums of Kenya 906:invaders of their country 809:. This settlement was in 414:Archbishop of East Africa 389:. Harry was working on a 335:thoughtless human beings. 251: 233: 226: 205: 176: 118: 106: 98: 82: 53: 41: 34: 5085:Archaeologists of Africa 4249: 4140:The Leakeys: a Biography 3631:The initial chapters of 3101:Olduvai Gorge, 1965–1967 2988:Fossil Mammals of Africa 2854: 2477:Colin Louis Avern Leakey 2223:Henrietta Wilfrida Avern 1484:Prominent family members 1130:, a decision opposed by 971:fossil up to that time. 428:was later the Bishop of 391:translation of the Bible 110:Pioneering the study of 76:East Africa Protectorate 4556:List of individual apes 4535:Nonhuman Rights Project 4066:American Anthropologist 4029:"The Leakey Foundation" 3930:www.panafprehistory.org 3906:Morell, Chapters 27-30. 3401:3 February 2007 at the 3282:7 February 2007 at the 3076:Unveiling Man's Origins 1830:Caroline Woolmer Leakey 1460:Prominent organizations 1207:, contemporaneous with 1149:In 1960, geophysicists 1136:Melville Bell Grosvenor 730:Gertrude Caton-Thompson 520:University of Cambridge 499:Attendance at Cambridge 309:University of Cambridge 4445:Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka 3956:Kenya Past and Present 3485:10.1093/ref:odnb/52219 3020:Mau Mau and the Kikuyu 2992:Natural History Museum 2872:First publication date 2711:10.1093/ref:odnb/16244 1333:In her autobiography, 1264:came up with the name 1233:George Gaylord Simpson 1164:assistants, including 1093: 1017: 936:provided by the museum 840:female genital cutting 829:In British East Africa 802: 650: 604: 363:Church Mission Society 347: 5100:Kenyan archaeologists 4460:Lone Drøscher Nielsen 4033:The Leakey Foundation 3644:According to Louis's 3262:Louis reports in his 3199:The Leakey Foundation 3167:(with link directory) 3143:Calico Early Man Site 2984:Wilfrid Le Gros Clark 2469:Agnes Florence Leakey 1609:Eliza Hubbard Woolmer 1522:during World War II. 1288:Calico Early Man Site 1228:Kenyapithecus wickeri 1132:Wilfrid Le Gros Clark 1090:, 4th ed., final page 1073: 1004:the Mau Mau rebellion 1000: 913:King's African Rifles 800: 768:On the road in Africa 648: 602: 461:prehistory of Britain 324: 278:palaeoanthropological 5125:Paleoanthropologists 4796:Tapanuli orangutan ( 4778:Sumatran orangutan ( 4440:Human Genome Project 4187:"Louis S. B. Leakey" 4172:LeakeyFoundation.org 4159:Smithsonian Magazine 3873:, 1984, pp. 142–144. 3164:List of fossil sites 2954:Edinburgh University 2041:Rev. Arundell Leakey 1822:James Shirley Leakey 1407:system for fossils. 975:Charles Watson Boise 904:against the Italian 902:Ethiopian guerrillas 672:Reversals of fortune 559:. Louis was told by 549:Tanganyika Territory 262:palaeoanthropologist 142: 1928; 5140:White Kenyan people 5120:People from Nairobi 4787:Bornean orangutan ( 4485:Primate archaeology 4182:TalkOrigins Archive 4137:Mary Bowman-Kruhm, 4113:The second volume, 3871:Disclosing the past 3843:Cameron B. Wesson, 3584:1935Natur.135..371B 3195:"The Leakey Family" 2888: 1505:paleoanthropologist 1298:Ruth DeEtte Simpson 1199:), in context with 1144:National Geographic 1138:, president of the 1109:Paranthropus boisei 1040:Kenya African Union 1038:, president of the 1029:Sir Philip Mitchell 649:Olduvai Gorge 2011. 453:Days Before History 355:British East Africa 4415:Great ape language 4373:Tapanuli orangutan 4353:Sumatran orangutan 4103:on 18 August 2009. 4085:on 22 August 2009. 3311:Ancestral Passions 3228:The New York Times 2887: 2452:Robert Dove Leakey 2241:Mary Douglas Nicol 1557:Leakey family tree 1514:. Louis's cousin, 857:Louis returned to 848:president of Kenya 803: 651: 628:St. John's College 605: 573:Alfred Cort Haddon 545:German East Africa 476:Reading, Berkshire 5105:Kenyan Christians 4965: 4964: 4943: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4916: 4877: 4848:Western gorilla ( 4839:Eastern gorilla ( 4832: 4808: 4807: 4771: 4698: 4660: 4659: 4520:Great Ape Project 4363:Bornean orangutan 4205:Books and Writers 4199:Petri Liukkonen. 4130:Virginia Morell, 3994:978-0-395-85405-1 3793:. 7 February 2010 3763:978-0-306-45715-9 3498:(Subscription or 3348:World Archaeology 3134: 3133: 3050:Defeating Mau Mau 3033:Animals in Africa 2990:published by the 2939:Written in 1935. 2886: 2852: 2851: 2717:(Subscription or 2680: 2679: 2443:Nigel Gray Leakey 2066:Rev. Harry Leakey 1516:Nigel Gray Leakey 1510:and the botanist 1405:East African Rift 1197:Olduvai Hominid 9 1173:Australopithecine 1048:Defeating Mau Mau 991:Oxford University 793:Return to England 722:Adam's Ancestors. 410:Bishop of Mombasa 351:Church of England 255: 254: 242:paleoanthropology 228:Scientific career 18:Leakey Foundation 16:(Redirected from 5157: 5095:Kenyan Anglicans 5042: 5041: 5040: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5018: 5017: 5006: 5005: 4994: 4993: 4982: 4981: 4973: 4955: 4954: 4915: 4912: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4831: 4828: 4819: 4818: 4798:P. tapanuliensis 4770: 4767: 4758: 4757: 4749: 4748: 4696: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4664: 4663: 4650: 4649: 4619:Mythic humanoids 4402: 4377:P. tapanuliensis 4244: 4237: 4230: 4221: 4220: 4215:Internet Archive 4192:Brian M. Fagan, 4118: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4099:. Archived from 4093: 4087: 4086: 4081:. Archived from 4075: 4069: 4059: 4053: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3922: 3916: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3898: 3895: 3889: 3880: 3874: 3867: 3861: 3854: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3826: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3749: 3743: 3738:September 1960, 3736: 3730: 3727: 3721: 3718: 3712: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3655: 3649: 3642: 3636: 3629: 3623: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3595: 3593:10.1038/135371a0 3563: 3557: 3550: 3544: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3523: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3472: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3435: 3429: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3407: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3343: 3337: 3324: 3318: 3307: 3301: 3294: 3288: 3273: 3267: 3260: 3254: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3219: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3191: 2889: 2868: 2867: 2844: 2843: 2837: 2835: 2815: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2792: 2773: 2762: 2761: 2755: 2753: 2734: 2723: 2722: 2714: 2696: 2663:Prince de Mérode 2503:Margaret Cropper 1569: 1568: 1551: 1544: 1537: 1528: 1527: 1433:Death and legacy 1271:Australopithecus 1091: 1088:Adam's Ancestors 1015: 979:The Miocene Lady 946:Turn of the tide 872:Njoro River Cave 756:Louis returned. 749:P. G. H. Boswell 718:morning sickness 509:Weymouth College 465:Arthur Loveridge 401:of the station. 353:missionaries in 345: 303:, calling them " 167: 165: 147: 145: 141: 89: 67: 65: 46: 32: 31: 21: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5038: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5012: 5000: 4988: 4976: 4968: 4966: 4961: 4931: 4913: 4911: 4901: 4875: 4856: 4829: 4827: 4804: 4768: 4766: 4738: 4700: 4691: 4661: 4656: 4638: 4609:Human evolution 4539: 4496: 4489: 4425:Birutė Galdikas 4403: 4394: 4334:Western gorilla 4324:Eastern gorilla 4260: 4253: 4248: 4168: 4161:, October 2002. 4127: 4122: 4121: 4112: 4108: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3995: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3948: 3944: 3934: 3932: 3924: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3881: 3877: 3868: 3864: 3860:, 2006, p. 540. 3856:Steven Mithen, 3855: 3851: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3750: 3746: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3674: 3670: 3656: 3652: 3643: 3639: 3633:By the Evidence 3630: 3626: 3616:By the Evidence 3613: 3609: 3564: 3560: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3489: 3487: 3467: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3436: 3432: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3410: 3403:Wayback Machine 3392: 3388: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3344: 3340: 3325: 3321: 3315:By the Evidence 3308: 3304: 3295: 3291: 3284:Wayback Machine 3274: 3270: 3261: 3257: 3246: 3242: 3232: 3230: 3220: 3213: 3203: 3201: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3139: 3037:Photographs by 2857: 2848: 2847: 2833: 2831: 2824:The Independent 2816: 2803: 2790: 2788: 2775: 2774: 2765: 2751: 2749: 2736: 2735: 2726: 2716: 2697: 2693: 2681: 2664: 2662: 2654: 2625: 2518: 2509: 2497: 2488: 2479: 2470: 2463: 2454: 2445: 2243: 2234: 2225: 2211: 2204: 2203:Elizabeth Laing 2067: 2042: 1832: 1823: 1610: 1603: 1558: 1555: 1525: 1486: 1462: 1435: 1397: 1372:, calling them 1370:Birutė Galdikas 1358:human evolution 1350: 1344: 1290: 1284: 1092: 1086: 1072: 1067: 1016: 1012:By the Evidence 1010: 999: 948: 887: 836: 831: 795: 770: 703: 695:Homo kanamensis 679: 677:Defense of Reck 674: 609:Lake Elmenteita 597: 595:Research Fellow 581:modern language 541: 501: 496: 494:Formative years 469:Coryndon Museum 418:Lawrence Barham 406:Leonard Beecher 395:Gikuyu language 346: 342:By the Evidence 339: 323: 317: 301:Birutė Galdikas 289:human evolution 220:Prestwich Medal 218: 213: 201: 172: 169: 166: 1936) 161: 157: 149: 146: 1936) 137: 133: 130: 112:human evolution 102:Kenyan, British 94: 93:London, England 91: 87: 78: 69: 63: 61: 60: 59: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5163: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5047: 5046: 5034: 5022: 5010: 4998: 4986: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4895:P. troglodytes 4890: 4880: 4878: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4854: 4845: 4835: 4833: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4802: 4793: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4755: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4690: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4501: 4499: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4391:: Hylobatidae) 4382: 4381: 4380: 4370: 4360: 4343: 4342: 4341: 4331: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4309:P. troglodytes 4302: 4285: 4284: 4283: 4265: 4263: 4255: 4254: 4247: 4246: 4239: 4232: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4208: 4201:"Louis Leakey" 4197: 4194:"Louis Leakey" 4190: 4184: 4178:"Louis Leakey" 4175: 4167: 4166:External links 4164: 4163: 4162: 4151: 4135: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4106: 4088: 4070: 4054: 4045: 4020: 4000: 3993: 3973: 3942: 3917: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3875: 3862: 3849: 3847:, 2005, p. 35. 3836: 3827: 3813:Richard Leakey 3804: 3778: 3769: 3762: 3744: 3731: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3692: 3680: 3668: 3650: 3637: 3624: 3607: 3558: 3545: 3536: 3524: 3505: 3457: 3450: 3430: 3417: 3408: 3386: 3365: 3338: 3319: 3302: 3289: 3268: 3255: 3240: 3211: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3169: 3161: 3156: 3150: 3145: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2924: 2919: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2898: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2801: 2763: 2724: 2690: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2658: 2656: 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1556: 1554: 1553: 1546: 1539: 1531: 1520:Victoria Cross 1508:Richard Leakey 1485: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1461: 1458: 1434: 1431: 1396: 1393: 1346:Main article: 1343: 1340: 1322:The geologist 1311:and commenced 1286:Main article: 1283: 1280: 1258:Phillip Tobias 1241:condensed milk 1176:sagittal crest 1155:Garniss Curtis 1084: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1008: 998: 997:Kenyan affairs 995: 961:Rusinga Island 952:Richard Leakey 947: 944: 924:Rusinga Island 898:Railway Bridge 886: 883: 835: 832: 830: 827: 794: 791: 769: 766: 702: 699: 678: 675: 673: 670: 613:British Museum 596: 593: 540: 537: 500: 497: 495: 492: 340:Louis Leakey, 337: 316: 313: 253: 252: 249: 248: 235: 231: 230: 224: 223: 207: 203: 202: 200: 199: 194: 192:Richard Leakey 189: 184: 180: 178: 174: 173: 171: 170: 159: 153: 152: 150: 135: 131: 126: 125: 122: 120: 116: 115: 108: 107:Known for 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 92: 90:(aged 69) 86:1 October 1972 84: 80: 79: 70: 57: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5162: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5115:Leakey family 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4958: 4950: 4949: 4946: 4928: 4926: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4898: 4896: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4851: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4826: 4825: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4711: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4676: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4665: 4653: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4562:Apes in space 4560: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4497:social status 4492: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408:Study of apes 4406: 4401: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4296: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4256: 4252: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4233: 4231: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4160: 4156: 4153:Roger Lewin, 4152: 4150: 4149:0-313-32985-0 4146: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4116: 4110: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4049: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4016: 4015: 4010: 4004: 3996: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3977: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3887: 3886: 3879: 3872: 3869:Mary Leakey, 3866: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3840: 3831: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3773: 3765: 3759: 3755: 3748: 3741: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3708: 3702:, Chapter 12. 3701: 3696: 3689: 3684: 3677: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3647: 3641: 3634: 3628: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3578:(3410): 371. 3577: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3555: 3549: 3540: 3531: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3509: 3501: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3471: 3464: 3462: 3453: 3451:0-9648227-2-5 3447: 3443: 3442: 3434: 3427: 3421: 3412: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3397: 3390: 3375: 3369: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3342: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3299: 3293: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3272: 3265: 3259: 3252: 3251: 3244: 3229: 3225: 3218: 3216: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3175:(with images) 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3159:Leakey family 3157: 3155:Louis' cousin 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2863: 2842: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2798: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2760: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2720: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2653: 2652:Louise Leakey 2624: 2602: 2600: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2517: 2516:Philip Leakey 2496: 2487: 2478: 2462: 2453: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2427: 2425: 2409: 2407: 2401: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2385: 2383: 2375: 2373: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2355: 2327: 2325: 2315: 2311: 2309: 2299: 2287: 2285: 2273: 2271: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2242: 2233: 2224: 2191: 2188: 2174: 2172: 2164: 2163: 2154: 2140: 2118: 2110: 2087: 2085: 2021: 2018: 1992: 1990: 1989: 1966: 1950: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1915: 1913: 1849: 1847: 1831: 1792: 1789: 1781: 1779: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1753: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1702: 1700: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1602: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1457: 1455: 1449: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1430: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1339: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1186:Zinjanthropus 1183: 1182: 1177: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1151:Jack Evernden 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128:Zinjanthropus 1125: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1114:Zinjanthropus 1111: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1089: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1070:Olduvai Gorge 1062: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1036:Jomo Kenyatta 1032: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1013: 1007: 1005: 994: 992: 988: 987:Philip Leakey 984: 980: 976: 972: 970: 966: 965:Lake Victoria 962: 956: 953: 943: 942:in his crib. 941: 937: 931: 929: 925: 921: 916: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 896: 892: 885:Fossil police 882: 880: 875: 873: 869: 864: 860: 855: 853: 849: 845: 844:Jomo Kenyatta 841: 826: 824: 823:Royal Society 820: 816: 812: 811:Hertfordshire 808: 799: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 765: 762: 757: 754: 750: 746: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 714: 712: 708: 698: 696: 692: 688: 683: 669: 667: 662: 660: 656: 647: 643: 641: 638:by Professor 637: 636:Olduvai Gorge 633: 629: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 601: 592: 590: 584: 582: 578: 574: 569: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 536: 534: 533: 528: 523: 521: 516: 514: 510: 506: 491: 489: 485: 481: 477: 472: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 445: 440: 438: 433: 431: 427: 423: 420:, the second 419: 415: 411: 407: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 387:girls' school 384: 380: 379:thatched roof 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 343: 336: 333: 329: 322: 321:Leakey family 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 282:Leakey family 279: 275: 271: 270:Olduvai Gorge 267: 266:archaeologist 263: 259: 250: 247: 243: 239: 236: 232: 229: 225: 221: 216: 211: 210:Hubbard Medal 208: 204: 198: 197:Philip Leakey 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 182: 181: 179: 175: 156: 151: 129: 124: 123: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 85: 81: 77: 73: 68:7 August 1903 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 5044:Paleontology 4924: 4906: 4894: 4893:Chimpanzee ( 4885: 4870: 4849: 4840: 4822: 4797: 4788: 4779: 4769:(Orangutans) 4761: 4697:(great apes) 4510:Research ban 4470:Elgin Center 4455:Willie Smits 4430:Jane Goodall 4376: 4366: 4356: 4345: 4337: 4327: 4316: 4308: 4298: 4287: 4279: 4268: 4204: 4158: 4139: 4131: 4125:Bibliography 4114: 4109: 4101:the original 4091: 4083:the original 4073: 4065: 4057: 4048: 4036:. Retrieved 4032: 4023: 4012: 4003: 3983: 3976: 3964:. Retrieved 3959: 3955: 3945: 3933:. Retrieved 3929: 3920: 3911: 3902: 3893: 3883: 3878: 3870: 3865: 3857: 3852: 3844: 3839: 3830: 3822:Homo habilis 3820: 3816: 3807: 3795:. Retrieved 3790: 3781: 3772: 3753: 3747: 3739: 3734: 3725: 3716: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3690:, Chapter 9. 3687: 3683: 3678:, Chapter 8. 3675: 3671: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3645: 3640: 3632: 3627: 3620:Homo habilis 3615: 3610: 3575: 3571: 3561: 3548: 3539: 3519: 3513: 3508: 3490:23 September 3488:. Retrieved 3474: 3440: 3433: 3426:Vivian Fuchs 3420: 3411: 3394: 3389: 3377:. Retrieved 3368: 3354:(1): 57–69. 3351: 3347: 3341: 3331:Darren Tanke 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3300:, Chapter 8. 3297: 3292: 3271: 3263: 3258: 3248: 3243: 3231:. Retrieved 3227: 3202:. Retrieved 3198: 3189: 3174: 3166: 3153:Nigel Leakey 3125: 3112: 3100: 3088: 3075: 3062: 3049: 3032: 3019: 3002: 2987: 2977: 2964: 2947: 2934: 2921: 2908: 2895: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2860: 2858: 2839: 2832:. 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Hobley 542: 530: 524: 517: 502: 480:neurasthenia 473: 452: 441: 434: 403: 359:James Leakey 348: 341: 325: 305:The Trimates 293:Jane Goodall 286: 257: 256: 246:paleontology 227: 187:Colin Leakey 183:5, including 88:(1972-10-01) 36:Louis Leakey 29: 5065:1972 deaths 5060:1903 births 4886:P. paniscus 4841:G. beringei 4789:P. pygmaeus 4600:(non-human) 4564:(non-human) 4558:(non-human) 4465:Ian Redmond 4420:Dian Fossey 4367:P. pygmaeus 4328:G. beringei 4299:P. paniscus 4261:ape species 4038:6 September 3819:section of 3266:, Chapter 6 2994:in London. 2759:(1827-1881) 2510:(1940–2021) 2498:(1944–2022) 2480:(1933–2018) 2471:(1917–2006) 2464:(1915–1999) 2455:(1914–2013) 2446:(1913–1941) 2244:(1913–1996) 2235:(1903–1972) 2226:(1902–1993) 2212:(1885–1954) 2205:(1873–1925) 2068:(1868–1940) 2043:(1853–1924) 1833:(1827–1881) 1611:(1793–1855) 1604:(1775–1865) 1490:Mary Leakey 1427:Dian Fossey 1378:chimpanzees 1366:Dian Fossey 1335:Mary Leakey 1223:Fort Ternan 1059:Mount Kenya 1055:martial law 655:Pleistocene 589:Elmenteitan 505:World War I 432:in Rwanda. 408:, Anglican 344:, Chapter 4 297:Dian Fossey 274:Mary Leakey 238:Archaeology 155:Mary Leakey 128:Frida Avern 99:Nationality 5054:Categories 4925:H. sapiens 4850:G. gorilla 4830:(Gorillas) 4734:Haplorhini 4732:Suborder: 4695:Hominidae 4614:Monkey Day 4604:Great apes 4505:Personhood 4338:G. gorilla 4305:Chimpanzee 4280:H. sapiens 3962:(1): 35–39 3935:22 October 3502:required.) 3233:8 December 3204:24 January 3181:References 3067:Volume 1. 3024:Online at 2721:required.) 2486:Meave Epps 1395:Last years 1386:orangutans 985:to Gombe. 868:Hyrax Hill 745:Winam Gulf 734:Mary Nicol 621:Kariandusi 457:H. R. Hall 426:Ken Barham 365:among the 330:cat and a 319:See also: 315:Background 64:1903-08-07 4814:Homininae 4780:P. abelii 4744:Hominidae 4708:Kingdom: 4495:Legal and 4357:P. abelii 4347:Orangutan 3966:6 January 3556:, London. 3011:Culture. 2665:(b. 1970) 2661:Emmanuel, 2655:(b. 1972) 2626:(b. 1952) 2519:(b. 1949) 2489:(b. 1942) 1416:apartheid 1401:arthritis 1390:Primates. 1317:artifacts 969:Proconsul 940:army ants 870:and then 659:Acheulean 640:Hans Reck 617:Acheulean 568:in 1925. 557:Tendaguru 555:fossils, 532:viva voce 488:Hampshire 449:gift book 437:governess 412:and then 393:into the 114:in Africa 4984:Primates 4957:Category 4914:(Humans) 4884:Bonobo ( 4862:Hominini 4753:Ponginae 4728:Primates 4722:Mammalia 4716:Chordata 4714:Phylum: 4710:Animalia 4652:Category 4573:Bushmeat 3666:Leakeys. 3399:Archived 3379:14 March 3280:Archived 3137:See also 2828:Archived 2785:Archived 2781:cwgc.org 2746:Archived 2249:3 others 2217:5 others 1838:9 others 1498:Tanzania 1382:gorillas 1354:primates 1328:geofacts 1302:scrapers 1190:Piltdown 1106:at FLK, 1085:— 1009:— 950:In 1944 789:region. 619:site of 553:dinosaur 484:Boscombe 430:Cyangugu 383:braziers 338:— 177:Children 5032:History 5020:Biology 5008:Animals 4996:Mammals 4970:Portals 4923:Human ( 4824:Gorilla 4726:Order: 4720:Class: 4568:Bigfoot 4551:Primate 4544:Related 4318:Gorilla 4213:at the 4134:, 1995. 3885:Science 3700:Memoirs 3688:Memoirs 3676:Memoirs 3663:Memoirs 3659:Memoirs 3646:Memoirs 3602:4079483 3580:Bibcode 3333:of the 3298:Memoirs 3287:beard". 3264:Memoirs 3250:Science 3009:Olduwan 2834:8 April 2791:8 April 2752:6 April 1494:Laetoli 1473:Angels. 1201:Oldowan 1097:Oldowan 1022:Mau Mau 863:Nairobi 859:Kiambaa 815:Memoirs 779:Laetoli 701:Scandal 691:Kanjera 666:Luminal 527:Swahili 375:Nairobi 168: 160: 148: 136: 132: 119:Spouses 4389:family 4385:Gibbon 4295:Bonobo 4259:Extant 4147: 3991: 3797:17 May 3787:"OH 9" 3760: 3600: 3572:Nature 3496: 3448: 2862:Nature 2715: 2687:Notes: 1446:Limuru 1368:, and 1245:cognac 895:Sagana 891:pedlar 783:Kisese 775:Maasai 761:Nature 711:Girton 707:Foxton 444:Kikuyu 371:Kabete 367:Kikuyu 332:baboon 328:serval 299:, and 234:Fields 222:(1969) 217:(1968) 212:(1962) 206:Awards 72:Kabete 4763:Pongo 4634:Yowie 4624:Yeren 4276:Human 3817:Notes 3598:S2CID 3122:1977 3109:1974 3097:1970 3085:1969 3072:1969 3059:1965 3046:1954 3029:1953 3016:1952 2999:1951 2982:With 2974:1951 2961:1937 2944:1936 2931:1936 2918:1935 2905:1934 2892:1931 2882:Notes 2877:Title 2855:Books 1454:ILYUA 1162:Kamba 861:near 819:Nasty 787:Cheke 738:Colin 687:Kanam 455:, by 399:canon 162:( 158: 138:( 134: 4908:Homo 4629:Yeti 4270:Homo 4251:Apes 4145:ISBN 4040:2022 3989:ISBN 3968:2024 3937:2021 3799:2016 3758:ISBN 3492:2020 3446:ISBN 3381:2017 3235:2013 3206:2022 3039:Ylla 2836:2022 2793:2022 2754:2022 1384:and 1276:Homo 1274:and 1243:and 1153:and 1104:OH 5 926:and 689:and 264:and 144:div. 83:Died 54:Born 4872:Pan 4289:Pan 4014:PBS 3588:doi 3576:135 3481:doi 3356:doi 2707:doi 1418:in 963:in 753:Luo 369:at 5056:: 4203:. 4180:, 4157:, 4064:, 4031:. 4011:. 3960:15 3958:. 3954:. 3928:. 3789:. 3596:. 3586:. 3574:. 3570:. 3527:^ 3473:. 3460:^ 3352:20 3350:. 3226:. 3214:^ 3197:. 3041:. 2865:. 2838:. 2826:. 2822:. 2804:^ 2795:. 2779:. 2766:^ 2756:. 2744:. 2740:. 2727:^ 1380:, 1364:, 1278:. 1247:. 1120:, 993:. 728:, 591:. 490:. 486:, 451:, 295:, 244:, 240:, 164:m. 140:m. 74:, 4972:: 4927:) 4897:) 4888:) 4852:) 4843:) 4800:) 4791:) 4782:) 4686:e 4679:t 4672:v 4387:( 4379:) 4375:( 4369:) 4365:( 4359:) 4355:( 4340:) 4336:( 4330:) 4326:( 4311:) 4307:( 4301:) 4297:( 4282:) 4278:( 4243:e 4236:t 4229:v 4207:. 4068:. 4042:. 4017:. 3997:. 3970:. 3939:. 3825:. 3801:. 3766:. 3742:. 3604:. 3590:: 3582:: 3522:. 3494:. 3483:: 3454:. 3383:. 3362:. 3358:: 3317:. 3237:. 3208:. 2713:. 2709:: 1550:e 1543:t 1536:v 785:/ 66:) 62:( 20:)

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