841:. The fact that an administration ruled by military figures failed to contain the British military response provoked an unprecedented crisis inside the Junta. Galtieri was blamed for the defeat and was removed from power, and he spent the next 18 months at a well-protected country retreat while democracy was restored to Argentina. Along with other members of the former junta, he was arrested in late 1983 and charged in a military court with human rights violations during the Dirty War and with mismanaging the Falklands War. The Argentine Army's internal investigation, known as the Rattenbach report after the general who led it, recommended that those responsible for the misconduct of the war be prosecuted under the Code of Military Justice. In 1986 he was sentenced to twelve years in prison.
57:
282:
641:
1607:
668:
246:
264:
782:
307:
1275:" ("This was neither about national pride nor anything else. The junta — Galtieri told me — never believed the British would respond. He thought the Western World was corrupt. That the British people had no God, that the U.S. was corrupt. ... I could never convince him that the British would not only fight back but also win.")
844:
Galtieri was cleared of the civil rights charges in
December 1985, but (together with the Air Force and Navy commanders-in-chief) in May 1986 he was found guilty of mishandling the war and sentenced to prison. All three appealed in a civil court, and the prosecution appealed for heavier sentences. In
1271:
Que tenía que ver con despertar el orgullo nacional y con otra cosa. La junta —Galtieri me lo dijo— nunca creyó que los británicos darían pelea. Él creía que
Occidente se había corrompido. Que los británicos no tenían Dios, que Estados Unidos se había corrompido. ... Nunca lo pude convencer de que
656:, who had been in power since March. Officially Viola resigned due to a health issue and designated Interior Minister Horacio Liendo as his successor. In reality, Viola was removed from power due to his regime's inability to reverse the economic crisis which caused infighting within the military.
870:
per month, and attempted to claim a
Presidential pension, but a judge denied it. In her ruling, the judge stated that his presidency had been illegal due to his never having been elected, and she also ordered him to pay court costs. In May 2002, he was invited to the military parade of the
865:
suburb of Buenos Aires, and lived modestly with his wife Lucía. He became a recluse and refused most requests for interviews by journalists, though in a rare interview he stated he had "no regrets" over anything he had done during the Dirty War. He lived on an army pension of 9,000
987:
Yes, madam reporter, I'm descended from
Italians. My grandparents were Italian. My grandfather came from Genoa and my grandmother Calabria. They came here with the waves of immigration that occurred at the beginning of the century. They were poor workers, soon made a
875:
for the celebrations of
Argentine Army Day (Día del Ejército Argentino): the presence of the former "president de facto" caused a huge controversy in public opinion after he was confronted and questioned by the journalist Martín Ciccioli in the television programme
883:
In July 2002, new civil charges were brought concerning the kidnapping of children and the disappearance of 18 leftist sympathizers in the late 1970s (while
Galtieri was commander of the Second Army Corps), and the disappearance or death of three
740:(YPF), at the time the state petroleum concern, and the largest company of any type in Argentina. Suárez Mason's role would contribute to a US$ 6 billion loss for the company, the largest recorded corporate loss in the world, up to that point.
982:
Si, señora periodista, desciendo de italianos. Mis abuelos eran italianos. Mi abuelo de Génova y mi abuela de
Calabria. Vinieron aquí con las oleadas de inmigrantes que se produjeron al comienzo de siglo. Eran obreros pobres, pronto hicieron
584:
being commonplace. Argentina's economy had been in dire condition prior to the coup and recovered for a short time. An impending economic collapse was one of the main justifications for the overthrow of Perón and the civilian government.
1073:
1239:
845:
November 1988 the original sentences were confirmed, and all three commanders were stripped of their rank. In 1989, Galtieri and 39 other officers of the dictatorship received
President
632:(FDN, for a time the principal Contra group), as well as training FDN leaders in Argentine bases. His support for this initiative allowed Galtieri to remove a number of rival generals.
1618:
1027:
1131:
2285:
729:
locally, was maintained, however, leading to further deepening of the crisis; GDP fell by 5%, and business investment by 20% over the weakened levels of 1981.
1077:
1113:
1247:
2280:
2305:
2290:
1542:
1346:
803:
Initially the invasion was popular in
Argentina, and the anti-junta demonstrations were replaced by patriotic demonstrations in support of Galtieri.
888:
citizens at about the same time. Galtieri faced prosecution with 28 other officials, but due to his poor health, he was allowed to remain at home.
505:. As well as rising through the ranks of the military, he continued his studies in engineering until the mid-1950s. In 1949 he graduated from the
2270:
818:
792:
By April 1982, Galtieri had been in office for four months and his popularity was low. On 2 April, on his orders, Argentine forces invaded the
2300:
1413:
1376:
659:
Galtieri retained direct control of the army whilst
President of the governing Military Junta and did not appoint a new commander-in-chief.
2265:
1099:
1059:
2275:
1283:
1034:
1139:
446:
822:
927:
1535:
2295:
861:
Galtieri was heavily blamed for Argentina's defeat in the Falklands War. Following his release from prison, he moved to the
737:
2219:
1551:
2250:
1222:
1011:
707:
2176:
1528:
1938:
525:
385:
2255:
2105:
1817:
703:
533:
462:
362:
94:
1654:
756:. Argentina support became the principal source of funds and training for the Contras during Galtieri's tenure.
494:
432:
224:
1659:
1596:
506:
245:
821:
demanding an immediate Argentine withdrawal. Argentina did not comply with the resolution which resulted in a
493:
parents Francisco Rosario Galtieri and Nélida Victoria Castelli. In 1943, at 17 years-old, he enrolled at the
1591:
1567:
1395:
2063:
1354:
1195:
2260:
1629:
749:
629:
553:
102:
2079:
1328:
1309:
752:
in its fight against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua, while he was warmly welcomed during his visit to the
524:, Galtieri became commander of the Argentine engineering corps. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the
1888:
1784:
817:, dispatched a naval task force to retake the islands militarily if Argentina refused to comply with a
1958:
2161:
834:
722:
1991:
1693:
1649:
1634:
1458:
944:
733:
1512:
131:
1847:
1832:
1746:
1572:
473:
in 1989 and lived in obscurity until his arrest for new charges shortly before his death in 2003.
1912:
1707:
2084:
2214:
2006:
1756:
1502:
1287:
978:
649:
565:
350:
71:
2053:
1953:
1922:
1917:
1726:
1606:
1001:
2209:
2120:
2058:
2027:
1857:
1852:
905:
901:
838:
760:
625:
593:
486:
482:
409:
160:
2156:
1789:
1731:
1639:
2245:
2240:
2043:
2032:
1837:
1827:
1812:
1799:
1741:
1721:
1688:
714:, began selling off government-owned industries (with only minor success), enacted a tight
573:
512:
Galtieri was married to Lucía Noemí Gentili, and the couple had one son and two daughters.
454:
2186:
1893:
1883:
8:
2115:
1874:
1869:
1736:
957:
695:
442:
56:
2146:
1669:
549:
545:
389:
311:
44:
2171:
1779:
924:
1822:
1218:
1093:
1053:
1007:
897:
814:
682:, and anti-junta demonstrations soon became common, as did agitation for a return to
612:-era doctrine of "ideological frontiers", Galtieri secured his country's support for
561:
498:
490:
370:
358:
1927:
2204:
2130:
793:
786:
764:
605:
501:, and his early military career was as an officer in the engineering branch of the
450:
413:
341:
1431:
2166:
2022:
2001:
1903:
1842:
1751:
931:
715:
711:
699:
521:
377:
16:
Argentine general and dictator, de facto President of Argentina from 1981 to 1982
2094:
1664:
1644:
529:
2181:
1716:
1563:
1495:
974:
872:
867:
807:
797:
608:
described him as a "majestic general". An adherent to the Argentine military's
581:
537:
502:
453:
in April 1982. Galtieri was removed from power after Argentina’s defeat by the
417:
381:
287:
118:
1520:
2234:
1948:
1703:
1581:
776:
653:
589:
541:
458:
405:
393:
321:
2089:
1980:
732:
One of Galtieri's closest allies, the head of the First Army Corps, General
540:
government in Argentina. This helped him rise through the ranks, becoming a
2191:
2151:
1586:
904:
on 12 January 2003, aged 76. His body was interred in a small mausoleum at
862:
846:
509:. In 1958, he became a professor of engineering at the Senior War College.
470:
180:
22:
1414:""Frail, pathetic Galtieri".British Profile of former Argentine President"
1278:
640:
597:
753:
679:
672:
667:
557:
435:
366:
958:"Argentina: Secret U.S. Documents Declassified on Dirty War Atrocities"
617:
466:
219:
1770:
1555:
726:
706:. Alemann inherited an economy in deep recession in the aftermath of
683:
621:
601:
569:
428:
424:
354:
353:
from December 1981 to June 1982. Galtieri exercised his control over
346:
269:
164:
900:
on 16 August 2002 at a hospital in Buenos Aires. He died there of a
2016:
Fragile Civilian Governments – Proscription of Peronism (1958–1966)
1970:
609:
397:
234:
396:
and was appointed President and established Argentina as a strong
781:
613:
577:
420:
26:
678:
Galtieri instituted limited political reforms which allowed the
850:
572:, between 9,000 and 30,000 people deemed left-wing subversives
465:
and, in 1986, his court martial prosecution and conviction for
427:
civil war. In domestic policy, General Galtieri continued the
1377:"Pardon of Argentine Officers Angers Critics of the Military"
885:
725:
Circular 1050, which tied mortgage rates to the value of the
828:
806:
Galtieri and most of his government mistakenly believed the
1276:
401:
759:
Argentine military and intelligence cooperation with the
568:
governments were banned, and in what became known as the
345:; 15 July 1926 – 12 January 2003) was an
1329:"Malvinas - Encuadramiento jurídico de los responsables"
945:
Murió Galtieri, el general que llevó al país a la guerra
710:'s economic policies of the late 1970s. Alemann slashed
481:
Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri was born on 15 July 1926 in
306:
800:
territory subject to a long-standing Argentine claim.
1272:
ellos no sólo iban a pelear, que además iban a ganar.
718:, and ordered salaries frozen (amid 130% inflation).
644:
Galtieri on his first day as President of Argentina
628:. In August, he sent advisers to help organize the
1217:. Berkeley : University of California Press.
856:
813:The British government led by the prime minister,
1310:"Página/12 :: Contratapa :: Rattenbach"
2232:
1550:
33: and the second or maternal family name is
1213:Scott, Peter Dale; Marshall, Jonathan (1991).
342:[leoˈpolðofoɾtuˈnatoɣalˈtjeɾikasˈteli]
2286:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
1536:
1269:
1212:
469:and other offenses. Galtieri was pardoned by
999:
648:On 22 December 1981, Galtieri was appointed
1682:– First Presidential Government (1826–1827)
1156:. University of North Carolina Press, 1990.
441:Galtieri's declining popularity due to his
2281:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Argentina
1543:
1529:
55:
2306:Argentine politicians convicted of crimes
1619:Supreme directors of the United Provinces
1432:"Former Argentine dictator Galtieri dies"
1006:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 180.
977:, Cambio 16, June 1982, Available Online
833:On 14 June 1982, the Falklands' capital,
829:Defeat, fall from power, trial and prison
763:ended in 1982 when Argentina invaded the
2291:People acquitted of international crimes
1459:"Murió el amigo del whisky y la tortura"
1132:"grows old with his Falklands secrets",
896:Leopoldo Galtieri underwent surgery for
780:
666:
639:
392:of the army in 1980. Galtieri overthrew
84:22 December 1981 – 18 June 1982
1456:
1237:
1196:"Ronald Reagan y la guerra de Malvinas"
1189:
1187:
1003:Historical Dictionary of the Dirty Wars
520:In 1975, after more than 25 years as a
449:caused him to order an invasion of the
2233:
1393:
1146:
1098:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1058:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2271:Argentine people of the Falklands War
1524:
1457:Cibeira, Fernando (13 January 2003).
1193:
548:of the army in 1980 with the rank of
340:
2301:20th-century presidents of Argentina
2109:– Military Dictatorships (1976–1983)
2047:– Military Dictatorships (1966–1973)
1995:– Military Dictatorships (1955–1958)
1942:– Military Dictatorships (1943–1946)
1206:
1184:
1166:Argentina: From Insolvency to Growth
1000:Kohut, David; Vilella, Olga (2016).
616:rebel groups opposing the Socialist
588:In March 1981, Galtieri visited the
536:, the establishment of a right-wing
334:Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli
2266:Argentine people of Italian descent
2220:List of heads of state of Argentina
662:
13:
2140:Return to Democracy (1983–present)
1605:
1394:Hilton, Isobel (13 January 2003).
1326:
1284:"Haig: "Malvinas fue mi Waterloo""
1154:The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism
689:
365:as leader of the Third Junta with
14:
2317:
1480:
1194:Pigna, Felipe (6 November 2017).
955:
925:Argentina's Military Dictatorship
743:
738:Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales
412:economic reforms, and increasing
2276:Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery
770:
592:and was warmly received, as the
515:
305:
280:
262:
244:
2106:National Reorganization Process
1450:
1424:
1406:
1387:
1369:
1339:
1320:
1302:
1262:
1231:
1171:
1159:
857:Later life, further accusations
652:one week after ousting General
534:National Reorganisation Process
363:National Reorganization Process
200:
2177:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
1179:Argentina: Democracy on Trial.
1124:
1106:
1066:
1020:
993:
968:
949:
937:
918:
810:would not respond militarily.
507:US Army School of the Americas
1:
911:
635:
476:
1655:Antonio González de Balcarce
1286:(in Spanish). Archived from
708:José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz
604:. National Security Advisor
532:and started the self-styled
438:reporting directly to him.
225:Colegio Militar de la Nación
25:, the first or paternal
7:
2073:Return of Perón (1973–1976)
1630:Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
1396:"General Leopoldo Galtieri"
1240:"General Leopoldo Galtieri"
1238:Trueman, CN (26 May 2015).
1114:"General Leopoldo Galtieri"
823:surrender to British forces
750:Central Intelligence Agency
630:Nicaraguan Democratic Force
552:. During the junta's rule,
10:
2322:
1889:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear
1785:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
1603:
774:
461:in June, which led to the
433:601 Intelligence Battalion
20:
2296:People from Morón Partido
2251:Argentine anti-communists
2200:
2139:
2103:
2072:
2064:Alejandro Agustín Lanusse
2041:
2015:
1989:
1967:
1936:
1902:
1866:
1798:
1765:
1702:
1678:
1660:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
1617:
1562:
1509:
1500:
1492:
1487:
1244:The History Learning Site
1168:. World Bank Press, 1993.
839:retaken by British forces
819:United Nations resolution
528:that overthrew President
495:National Military Academy
386:1976 military coup d'état
327:
317:
301:
293:
275:
257:
252:
240:
230:
218:
210:
187:
170:
147:
142:
138:
125:
112:
100:
88:
77:
70:
66:
54:
42:
1282:/Islas Malvinas Online.
891:
736:, was named Chairman of
698:economist and publisher
463:restoration of democracy
414:Argentine covert support
388:which helped him become
132:Alfredo Oscar Saint Jean
1959:Edelmiro Julián Farrell
1708:Argentine Confederation
1568:Independence War Period
748:Galtieri supported the
596:viewed the regime as a
384:and a supporter of the
2256:Anti-British sentiment
2215:President of Argentina
2007:Pedro Eugenio Aramburu
1992:Revolución Libertadora
1757:Juan Esteban Pedernera
1694:Vicente López y Planes
1650:Ignacio Álvarez Thomas
1635:Carlos María de Alvear
1621:of the Río de la Plata
1611:
1503:President of Argentina
1347:"Página no encontrada"
1270:
789:
734:Guillermo Suárez Mason
675:
650:President of Argentina
645:
526:March 1976 coup d'état
423:guerrillas during the
351:President of Argentina
349:general who served as
338:Spanish pronunciation:
72:President of Argentina
2210:Politics of Argentina
2121:Roberto Eduardo Viola
2059:Roberto M. Levingston
1858:Victorino de la Plaza
1848:José Figueroa Alcorta
1833:José Evaristo Uriburu
1767:National Organization
1747:Justo José de Urquiza
1609:
1573:Asamblea del Año XIII
1118:History Learning Site
930:11 March 2010 at the
906:La Chacarita Cemetery
784:
761:Reagan Administration
680:expression of dissent
670:
643:
626:Nicaraguan Revolution
594:Reagan administration
487:Buenos Aires Province
410:fiscally conservative
310:(Pre-1991 epaulette)
294:Years of service
2162:Adolfo Rodríguez Saá
2085:Raúl Alberto Lastiri
2044:Revolución Argentina
2033:Arturo Umberto Illia
1838:Julio Argentino Roca
1818:Miguel Juárez Celman
1813:Julio Argentino Roca
1742:Juan Manuel de Rosas
1722:Juan Manuel de Rosas
1689:Bernardino Rivadavia
1181:Paragon House, 1987.
455:British armed forces
408:, while introducing
2116:Jorge Rafael Videla
2080:Héctor José Cámpora
2054:Juan Carlos Onganía
1954:Pedro Pablo Ramírez
1923:Roberto María Ortiz
1918:Agustín Pedro Justo
1870:Radical Civic Union
1804:Oligarchic Republic
1737:Manuel Vicente Maza
1727:Juan Ramón Balcarce
1314:www.pagina12.com.ar
1290:on 8 September 2006
694:Galtieri appointed
447:economic stagnation
443:human rights abuses
376:Galtieri was chief
193:Lucía Noemí Gentili
2261:Argentine generals
2157:Fernando de la Rúa
2090:Juan Domingo Perón
1981:Juan Domingo Perón
1913:José Félix Uriburu
1790:Nicolás Avellaneda
1771:Argentine Republic
1732:Juan José Viamonte
1680:Unitarian Republic
1670:Juan Pedro Aguirre
1640:Juan José Viamonte
1612:
1597:Second Triumvirate
1513:Alfredo Saint-Jean
1488:Political offices
1381:The New York Times
790:
676:
646:
576:from society with
550:lieutenant general
546:commander-in-chief
445:and the worsening
390:commander-in-chief
312:Lieutenant General
45:Lieutenant General
2228:
2227:
2187:Alberto Fernández
2126:Leopoldo Galtieri
1974:terms (1946–1955)
1939:Revolution of '43
1894:Hipólito Yrigoyen
1884:Hipólito Yrigoyen
1823:Carlos Pellegrini
1800:Generation of '80
1610:Flag of Argentina
1592:First Triumvirate
1519:
1518:
1510:Succeeded by
1438:. 12 January 2003
1383:. 9 October 1989.
1333:www.cescem.org.ar
1327:Millan, Antonio.
1177:Poneman, Daniel.
898:pancreatic cancer
878:Kaos en la Ciudad
825:on 14 June 1982.
815:Margaret Thatcher
562:political parties
499:civil engineering
491:Italian Argentine
489:to working-class
371:Basilio Lami Dozo
331:
330:
49:Leopoldo Galtieri
2313:
2205:Portal:Argentina
2131:Reynaldo Bignone
2028:José María Guido
1853:Roque Sáenz Peña
1545:
1538:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1493:Preceded by
1485:
1484:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1357:on 30 April 2021
1353:. Archived from
1343:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1274:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1246:. Archived from
1235:
1229:
1228:
1215:Cocaine Politics
1210:
1204:
1203:
1191:
1182:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1138:. Archived from
1128:
1122:
1121:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1076:. Archived from
1070:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1033:. Archived from
1032:
1024:
1018:
1017:
997:
991:
972:
966:
965:
956:Evans, Michael.
953:
947:
941:
935:
922:
794:Falkland Islands
787:Falkland Islands
785:Galtieri in the
765:Falkland Islands
704:Economy Minister
671:Galtieri in the
663:Political policy
606:Richard V. Allen
451:Falkland Islands
344:
339:
309:
286:
284:
283:
268:
266:
265:
253:Military service
248:
204:
202:
177:
157:
155:
143:Personal details
128:
115:
105:
91:
82:
61:Galtieri in 1981
59:
40:
39:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2196:
2172:Néstor Kirchner
2167:Eduardo Duhalde
2135:
2099:
2068:
2037:
2023:Arturo Frondizi
2011:
2002:Eduardo Lonardi
1985:
1963:
1932:
1904:Infamous Decade
1898:
1862:
1843:Manuel Quintana
1828:Luis Sáenz Peña
1794:
1780:Bartolomé Mitre
1761:
1752:Santiago Derqui
1698:
1674:
1620:
1613:
1601:
1570:
1558:
1549:
1515:
1506:
1498:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1392:
1388:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1325:
1321:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1211:
1207:
1192:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1142:on 16 May 2013.
1136:, 2 April 2002"
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1990:
1969:
1937:
1868:
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1665:José Rondeau
1645:José Rondeau
1587:Junta Grande
1501:
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1462:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1435:
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1417:
1408:
1400:The Guardian
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1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:the original
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1294:21 September
1292:. Retrieved
1288:the original
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943:Dark Years:
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318:Battles/wars
181:Buenos Aires
176:(2003-01-12)
158:15 July 1926
127:Succeeded by
90:Appointed by
79:
34:
30:
23:Spanish name
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2246:2003 deaths
2241:1926 births
1906:(1930–1943)
1877:(1916–1930)
1806:(1880–1916)
1773:(1862–1880)
1710:(1827–1862)
1623:(1814–1820)
1575:(1810–1814)
1442:28 February
1254:10 November
962:www.gwu.edu
754:White House
673:Casa Rosada
624:during the
574:disappeared
436:death squad
367:Jorge Anaya
361:during the
183:, Argentina
114:Preceded by
2235:Categories
1507:1981-1982
1418:MercoPress
912:References
775:See also:
636:Presidency
618:Sandinista
566:provincial
477:Early life
467:war crimes
425:Nicaraguan
258:Allegiance
231:Profession
220:Alma mater
154:1926-07-15
1556:Argentina
1463:Página 12
1402:. London.
1279:La Nación
727:US dollar
684:democracy
622:Nicaragua
602:communism
570:Dirty War
497:to study
431:with the
429:Dirty War
355:Argentina
347:Argentine
297:1944–1982
270:Argentina
241:Signature
165:Argentina
134:(interim)
121:(interim)
80:In office
1971:Peronist
1436:BBC News
1361:30 April
1094:cite web
1054:cite web
988:fortune.
983:fortuna.
928:Archived
712:spending
610:Cold War
600:against
554:Congress
416:for the
404:and the
400:ally of
398:Cold War
235:Military
211:Children
35:Castelli
31:Galtieri
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886:Spanish
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598:bulwark
578:torture
483:Caseros
457:in the
421:Contras
380:of the
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1867:First
1571:up to
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