Lhasa - Knowledge

2193:), with frosty winters and mild summers, yet the valley location protects the city from intense cold or heat and strong winds. Monthly possible sunshine ranges from 53 percent in July to 84 percent in November, and the city receives nearly 3,000 hours of sunlight annually. It is thus sometimes called the "sunlit city" by Tibetans. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of −0.3 °C (31.5 °F) and the warmest month is June with a daily average of 16.7 °C (62.1 °F), though nights have generally been warmer in July. The annual mean temperature is 8.8 °C (47.8 °F), with extreme temperatures ranging from −16.5 to 30.8 °C (2 to 87 °F). Lhasa has an annual precipitation of 458 millimetres (18.0 in) with rain falling mainly in July, August and September. The driest month is December at 0.3 millimetres (0.01 in) and the wettest month is August, at 133.5 millimetres (5.26 in). Summer is widely regarded the "best" of the year as rains come mostly at night and Lhasa is still sunny during the daytime. 1639: 3375: 1480: 1568:, the 14th Dalai Lama and his associates fled Tibet. Lhasa remained the political, economic, cultural and religious center of Tibet. In January 1960, Lhasa City was established. In 1964, the autonomous region and Lhasa city leaders jointly formed the Lhasa City Municipal Construction Command, led from the country's brother provinces and cities to mobilize the construction team, has built the Lhasa City YuTuo Road, KangAng East Road, NiangJe South Road, JinZhu East Road, DuoSen South Road and Beijing West Road. Lhasa local officials paved more than 100,000 square meters of asphalt. The new city center of Lhasa is three times larger than the old city center, and the population of the city has increased by more than 20,000 people. In September 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established, and Lhasa became the capital of the region. 3503: 2919: 174: 3684: 3052: 146: 116: 3138: 2942: 1679: 498: 1627: 2931: 207: 3275: 3414: 3187: 132: 3579: 1610:

for some 50–70 percent. According to the Sixth Population Census in 2010, the population of Tibetans is 429,104, accounting for 76.70% of the total population of Lhasa. The second most populous ethnic group is the Han Chinese, with a population of 121,065, accounting for 21.64% of Lhasa's total population. These two ethnic groups account for the vast majority of Lhasa's total population, while other ethnic minorities account for only about 1.66% of Lhasa's total population.

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registrations, based on their place of origin. The census was taken in November, when many of the ethnic Han workers in seasonal industries such as construction would have been away from Tibet, and did not count the military. A 2011 book estimated that up to two-thirds of the city's residents are non-Tibetan, although the government states that Chengguan District as a whole is still 63% ethnic Tibetan. As of 2014, half of Tibet's Han population resided in the district, where

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famous bronze statue disappeared. In 1983 the lower part of it was said to have been found in a Lhasa rubbish tip, and the upper half in Beijing. They have now been joined and the statue is housed in the Ramoche Temple, which was partially restored in 1986, and still showed severe damage in 1993. Following the major restoration of 1986, the main building in the temple now has three stories.

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Buddhist temples, the major one was constructed eighty miles from the imperial capital, at the site that later became known as "Lhasa" (Lha-sa, The Place of the Gods). At the time, it was called "Rasa" (Ra-sa, The Place of the Goats). Western scholars speculate that the Emperor was persuaded to avoid building the temple at the capital so as not to offend the traditional gods.

5466: 3179:. Tourism to Tibet dropped sharply following the crackdown on protests in 2008, but as early as 2009, the industry was recovering. Chinese authorities plan an ambitious growth of tourism in the region aiming at 10 million visitors by 2020; these visitors are expected to be domestic. With renovation around historic sites, such as the Potala Palace, 3394:, below the Potala, dates as far back as circa 764 CE. and is inscribed with what may be the oldest known example of Tibetan writing. The pillar contains dedications to a famous Tibetan general and gives an account of his services to the king including campaigns against China which culminated in the brief capture of the Chinese capital 3912:, extra oxygen is pumped in through the ventilation system and available directly on each berth with close open control by a flap for convenience of passenger, and personal oxygen masks are available on request. Within the soft sleeper cabins there are 64 seats per train, which have an electrical plug for electronics. 1187:, and construction of the Jokhang temple was completed, which housed a holy statue of the Buddha. Lhasa is first recorded as the name, referring to the area's temple of Jowo, in a treaty drawn up between China and Tibet in 822 C.E. In some old European maps, where Tibet is depicted, a town under the name 3254:

and is the highest commercial brewery in the world at 11,975 feet (3,650 m) and accounts for 85 percent of contemporary beer production in Tibet. The brewery, consisting of five-story buildings, cost an estimated US$ 20–25 million, and by 1994, production had reached 30,000 bottles per

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Competitive industry together with feature economy play key roles in the development of Lhasa. With the view to maintaining a balance between population growth and the environment, tourism and service industries are emphasised as growth engines for the future. Many of Lhasa's rural residents practice

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The urban area is populated by ethnic Tibetans, Han, Hui and other ethnic groups. The 2000 official census gave a total population of 223,001, of which 171,719 lived in the areas administered by city street offices and city neighborhood committees. 133,603 had urban registrations and 86,395 had rural

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Chengguan District has an elevation of 3,650 metres (11,980 ft) and covers 525 square kilometres (203 sq mi). The urban built-up area covers 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi).The average annual temperature of 8 °C (46 °F). Annual precipitation is about 300 millimetres

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palace and surrounding park is situated in the west side of Lhasa, a short distance to the southwest of Potala Palace and with an area of around 36 hectares (89 acres), it is considered to be the largest man made garden in Tibet. It was built from 1755. and served as the traditional summer residence

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The total population of Lhasa Prefecture-level City is 521,500 (including known migrant population but excluding military garrisons). Of this, 257,400 are in the urban area (including a migrant population of 100,700), while 264,100 are outside. Nearly half of Lhasa Prefecture-level City's population

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According to one writer, the population of the city was about 10,000, with some 10,000 monks at Drepung and Sera monasteries in 1959. Hugh Richardson, on the other hand, puts the population of Lhasa in 1952, at "some 25,000–30,000—about 45,000–50,000 if the population of the great monasteries on its

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In 2000 the urbanised area covered 53 square kilometres (20 sq mi), with a population of around 170,000. Official statistics of the metropolitan area report that 70 percent are Tibetan, 24.3 are Han, and the remaining 2.7 Hui, though outside observers suspect that non-Tibetans account

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Emily T. Yeh,'Living Together in Lhasa: Ethnic Relations, Coercive Amity, and Subaltern Cosmopolitanism,' p.60; The monument however does not commemorate the Tibetan epic hero, but the Chinese figure. See Lara Maconi, 'Gesar de Pékin? Le sort du Roi Gesar de Gling, héros épique tibétain, en Chinese

3575:) in the four cardinal directions, with incense burning constantly, to please the gods protecting the Jokhang. Most of the old streets and buildings have been demolished in recent times and replaced with wider streets and new buildings. Some buildings in the Barkhor were damaged in the 2008 unrest. 3200:

is a 4-star hotel located northeast of Norbulingka in the western suburbs of the city. Completed in September 1985, it is the flagship of CITS's installations in Tibet. It accommodates about 1000 guests and visitors to Lhasa. There are over 450 rooms (suites) in the hotel, and all are equipped with

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The majority of the pre-1950 Chinese population of Lhasa were merchants and officials. In the Lubu section of Lhasa, the inhabitants were descendants of Chinese vegetable farmers, some of whom married Tibetan wives. They came to Lhasa in the 1840s–1860s after a Chinese official was appointed to the

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Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China=Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population

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in Lhasa is the official museum of the Tibet Autonomous Region and was inaugurated on 5 October 1999. It is the first large, modern museum in the Tibet Autonomous Region and has a permanent collection of around 1000 artefacts, from examples of Tibetan art to architectural design throughout history

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is considered the most important temple in Lhasa after the Jokhang Temple. Situated in the northwest of the city, it is east of the Potala and north of the Jokhang, covering a total area of 4,000 square meters (almost one acre). The temple was gutted and partially destroyed in the 1960s and its

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has increased its stronghold in the Chinese market and has become increasingly influential in the country with investment and expertise. Carlsberg invested in the Lhasa Brewery in recent years and has drastically improved the brewing facility and working conditions, renovating and expanding the

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reported in 1716 that the city had a cosmopolitan community of Mongol, Chinese, Muscovite, Armenian, Kashmiri, Nepalese and Northern Indian traders. Tibet was exporting musk, gold, medicinal plants, furs and yak tails to far-flung markets, in exchange for sugar, tea, saffron, Persian turquoise,

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With Tibet conceived as a demoness lying on her back and locations for the temples carefully selected according to the rules of Chinese acupuncture applied to the body of the demoness, Songtsen-gampo hoped to neutralize any opposition to his rule from local malevolent spirits. Of the thirteen

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The term "Chengguan District" is the administrative term for the inner urban area or the urban centre within a prefecture, in this case the Prefectural-city of Lhasa. Outside of the urban area much of Chengguan District is mainly mountainous with a near nonexistent rural population. Chengguan

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Hundreds of Deities of Tusita: Commentary on Lama Tsongkhapa Guru Yoga, Translated from Tibetan. Dga' Lha Rgyas Pa'i Bshad Byin Rlabs Kyi Sgo 'byed Ces Bya Ba Bzhugs So/ Commentary on Pabongkha Rinpoché's Zab Lam Dga' Ldan Brgya Ma'i Rnal 'byor Nyams Su Len Tshul Snyan Brgyud

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until the 14th's self-imposed exile. Norbulingka was declared a 'National Important Cultural Relic Unit", in 1988 by the State council. In 2001, the Central Committee of the Chinese Government in its 4th Tibet Session resolved to restore the complex to its original glory. The

3998:; prior to the completion of the expressway in 2011, the trip to the airport took over an hour. As of 2014, there are daily flights serving major Chinese cities including Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Shanghai, and there are also occasional scheduled services to 1298:

A Tibetan tradition mentions that after Songtsen Gampo's death in 649 C.E., Chinese troops captured Lhasa and burnt the Red Palace. Chinese and Tibetan scholars have noted that the event is mentioned neither in the Chinese annals nor in the Tibetan manuscripts of

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is the most prominent and built by the early 1700s. The Dokdé Mosque, north of Lhasa, has an adjacent cemetery and is dated to 1716. The fourth mosque, commonly known as "Small Mosque" (but also Barkor or Rapsel Alley Mosque), was built in the early 1900s.

1541:. After the battle, the PLA ceased military operations, released all Tibetan prisoners, and expressed its hope for a settlement through peace talks. At the invitation of the Central Government, the Dalai Lama and a Tibetan government delegation traveled to 1419:

of the Jokhang Temple date to the 7th century, the oldest of Lhasa's extant buildings, such as within the Potala Palace, the Jokhang and some of the monasteries and properties in the Old Quarter date to this second flowering in Lhasa's history.

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for centuries. The circumambulation route is known as the "kora" in Tibetan and is marked by four large stone incense burners placed at the corners of the temple complex. The Jokhang temple is a four-story construction, with roofs covered with

3711:, and the work in the development of the autonomous region since then. The 37-metre-high concrete monument is shaped as an abstract Mount Everest and its name is engraved with the calligraphy of former CCP general secretary and PRC president 3759:. Dancers wear traditional Tibetan costume with long flowing cloth extending from their arms. There are a number of small bars that feature live music, although they typically have limited drink menus and cater mostly to foreign tourists. 4074:. This road is rarely used due to the lack of amenities and petrol stations. A new 37.68 kilometres (23.41 mi), four-lane highway between Lhasa and the Gonggar Airport was built by the Transportation Department of Tibet at a cost of 1318:, the centre of political power in the Tibetan region was not situated in Lhasa. However, the importance of Lhasa as a religious site became increasingly significant as the centuries progressed. It was known as the centre of Tibet where 5723:

population of Lhasa in 1904 was estimated by the British at 30,000 people, of whom 20,000 were said to be monks in 1936 Spencer Chapman estimated the population at 50,000 to 60,000, consisting of 20,000 residents and 30,000 to 40,000

3356:, the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, started the construction of the Potala Palace in 1645 after one of his spiritual advisers, Konchog Chophel (d. 1646), pointed out that the site was ideal as a seat of government, situated as it is between 3242:

that are exported worldwide. It is a modern factory, the largest manufacturer of rugs throughout Tibet, employing some 300 workers. Traditionally Tibetan women were the weavers, and men the spinners, but both work on the rugs today.

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noted that within Lhasa, there were about a total of 1,500 resident Tibetan laymen and about 5,500 Tibetan women. The permanent population also included Chinese families (about 2,000). The city's residents included traders from

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published between 1910 and 1911 noted the total population of Lhasa, including the lamas in the city and vicinity was about 30,000, A census in 1854 made the figure 42,000, but it is known to have greatly decreased afterwards.

3082:. Lhasa is also the traditional hub of the Tibetan trading network. For many years, chemical and car making plants operated in the area and this resulted in significant pollution, a factor which has changed in recent years. 8610: 5590: 3888:, arriving in Lhasa at 13:03 every day. Train Z22 from Lhasa to Beijing West departs at 15:30 and arrives in Beijing at 08:20 on the third day, taking 40 hours, 50 minutes. Trains also arrive in Lhasa from 3590:

is located on Barkhor Square in the old town section of Lhasa. For most Tibetans it is the most sacred and important temple in Tibet. It is in some regards pan-sectarian, but is presently controlled by the

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With the growth of tourism and service sectors, the sunset industries which cause serious pollution are expected to fade in the hope of building a healthy ecological system. Environmental problems such as

5618: 5507: 8090: 8110: 1670:, forms an area of great scenic beauty. The marshlands, mostly uninhabited, are to the north. Ingress and egress roads run east and west, while to the north, the road infrastructure is less developed. 8935: 1694:, with land that rises to the north and south of the river. It is 28 kilometres (17 mi) from east to west and 31 kilometres (19 mi) from north to south. Chengguan District is bordered by 3433:, located south of the Potala. It is considered to be one of the four holy mountains of central Tibet and along with two other hills in Lhasa represent the "Three Protectors of Tibet.", Chokpori ( 1353:

which were built as part of the puritanical Buddhist revival in Tibet. The scholarly achievements and political know-how of this Gelugpa Lineage eventually pushed Lhasa once more to centre stage.

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Duihuan (སྟོད་གཞས་) is a local form of music and dance in Tibet. While the traditional Dui Huan in Tibet has only one instrument, the Dui Huan in Lhasa has four instruments: in addition to the

8723: 8211: 4138:, which is the highest modern stadium in the world, the largest single building in Tibet and the largest modern building invested by the whole country in support of Tibet, and has won the 4836: 3301:. The Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and the Norbulingka are UNESCO world heritage sites. However, many important sites were damaged or destroyed mostly, but not solely, during China's 2982:

noted with interest that the Chinese had a crowded burial-ground at Lhasa, tended carefully after their manner and that the Nepalese supplied mechanics and metal-workers at that time.

1662:(Brahmaputra River), runs through the southern part of the city. This river, known to local Tibetans as the "merry blue waves", flows through the snow-covered peaks and gullies of the 3795: 1255:

on Mount Marpori. In CE 639 and 641, Songtsen Gampo, who by this time had conquered the whole Tibetan region, is said to have contracted two alliance marriages, firstly to a Princess

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opened for passenger operations. Reaching an elevation of 5,072 metres above sea level, the Qinghai-Tibet railway is the world's highest railway by elevation. It connects Lhasa with

3828:. Its campus is located in Chengguan District, Lhasa, east of the city-centre. A forerunner was created in 1952 and the university was officially established in 1985, funded by the 7234:

Miles, Paul. (9 April 2005). "Tourism drive 'is destroying Tibet' Unesco fears for Lhasa's World Heritage sites as the Chinese try to pull in 10 million visitors a year by 2020".

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monasteries and the old city of Lhasa. The palace underwent restoration works between 1989 and 1994, costing RMB55 million (US$ 6.875 million) and was inscribed to the

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and other basic facilities. Some of the rooms are decorated in traditional Tibetan style. The hotel was operated by Holiday Inn from 1986 to 1997 and is the subject of a book,

8547: 3708: 1970: 1534: 6137:(1962). Translated into English with minor revisions by the author. 1st English edition by Faber & Faber, London (1972). Reprint: Stanford University Press (1972), p. 84 4917:(1962). Translated into English with minor revisions by the author. 1st English edition by Faber & Faber, London (1972). Reprint: Stanford University Press (1972), p. 84 3880:, some 2,000 km (1,200 mi) away, and ultimately links Lhasa with other major cities with China's extensive railway network. Five trains arrive at and depart from 8532: 5788: 1880: 8488: 8272: 4047: 1511: 4474:

Anne-Marie Blondeau and Yonten Gyatso, 'Lhasa, Legend and History,' in Françoise Pommaret-Imaeda (ed.)Lhasa in the seventeenth century: the capital of the Dalai Lamas,

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pass offers Chinese companies access to the port of Kolkata (Calcutta), situated about 1,100 km (680 mi) from Lhasa, for trans-shipments to and from Tibet.

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District is at the same administrative level as a county. Chengguan District of Lhasa was established on 23 April 1961. It currently has 12 fully urban subdistricts.

1372:. With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord, the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the 8517: 5193:

Columbia University Press, 2010 p.67: "Today, except for the Dalai Lama's Summer Palace, a small part of the Shugtri Lingka (now renamed the People's Park), and the

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s) which surrounded the city of Lhasa, most of them over half a mile in length, where the people of Lhasa were accustomed to picnic, only three survive today: the

5628: 5517: 8557: 2002: 8915: 8552: 5942: 4670: 4634: 4095: 3803: 1940: 8572: 2032: 1183:), which meant "goat's place", as it was a herding site. The name was changed to Lhasa, which means "place of gods", upon its establishment as the capital of 8688: 8600: 5876: 5211:

Peter Lang, 2004 pp.371–419, p.373 n.7. Relying on H. Richardson, and R. A. Stein, Maconi says that this was erected by the Chinese general Fu Kang'an (福康安).

1546: 3009:, Though this figure may include monks from surrounding monasteries who travelled to Lhasa for various celebrations and were not ordinarily resident there. 8866: 8698: 8537: 8522: 4714:

Bloudeau, Anne-Mari & Gyatso, Yonten. 'Lhasa, Legend and History' in Lhasa in the Seventeenth Century: The Capital of the Dalai Lamas, 2003, pp. 24-25.

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and was the most popular devotional circumambulation for pilgrims and locals. The walk was about one kilometre (0.6 miles) long and encircled the entire

3402:) in 763 CE during which the Tibetans temporarily installed as Emperor a relative of Princess Jincheng Gongzhu (Kim-sheng Kong co), the Chinese wife of 8925: 8664: 8654: 8649: 5898: 4387: 3774:, the bamboo flute, and the stringed bells that are specially used for playing the rhythm. Together with the singing, they play, pull, strum and sing. 1654:

with the surrounding mountains rising to 5,500 m (18,000 ft). The air only contains 68 percent of the oxygen compared to sea level. The

8968: 8832: 8728: 8718: 8644: 8221: 3532:(popularly known as the "yogurt festival") is an annual festival held at Norbulingka during the seventh Tibetan month in the first seven days of the 1598:

Lhakhang temple was erected by the Amban in 1792 atop Mount Bamare 3 kilometres (2 miles) south of the Potala to celebrate the defeat of an invading

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can be come up with; this town has mostly been suggested to be Lhasa, at other times to refer to modern Bulantai/Boluntay in the western part of the

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in summer and watch open air operas on festival days. New Lhasa has obliterated most of Lingkhor, but one stretch still remains west of Chokpori.

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are being addressed. The tourism industry now brings significant business to the region, building on the attractiveness of the Potala Palace, the

8481: 8166: 8161: 8105: 5493: 3994:), built in 1965, is the aviation hub of Tibet. It is located south of the city proper. It takes around half an hour to get there by car via the 3829: 1291:(depicting Buddha at the age of twelve), respectively brought to his court by the princesses. Lhasa suffered extensive damage under the reign of 6278: 8876: 8659: 5852: 1326:

over her heart. Islam has been present since the 11th century in what is considered to have always been a monolithically Buddhist culture. Two

356: 324: 66: 7377:. (Volume One: 655 pages with 766 illustrations; Volume Two: 675 pages with 987 illustrations). Hong Kong: Visual Dharma Publications, Ltd.). 3479:

road in Lhasa matching its inner twin, Barkhor. The Lingkhor in Lhasa was 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long enclosing Old Lhasa, the Potala and

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communities have lived in Lhasa with distinct homes, food and clothing, language, education, trade and traditional herbal medicine.

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were sent as representatives, but no consensus was reached. On October 7, 1950, the Chinese People's Liberation Army launched the

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Emily T. Yeh,'Living Together in Lhasa: Ethnic Relations, Coercive Amity, and Subaltern Cosmopolitanism,' in Shail Mayaram (ed.)

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On October 26, 1951, the advance troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army marched into Lhasa with red flags in their hands.

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lives in Chengguan District, which is the administrative division that contains the urban area of Lhasa (i.e. the actual city).

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such as Tibetan doors and construction beams. It is located in an L-shaped building west of the Potala Palace on the corner of

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are mined nearby and there is ongoing experimentation regarding new methods of mineral mining and geothermal heat extraction.

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1938 Lhasa with the Potala as seen from the roof of Men-Tsee-Khang or Tibetan Medical College founded by the 13th Dalai Lama

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and the south bridgehead of the Lhasa River Bridge, and en route goes over the first overpass of Lhasa at Liuwu Overpass.

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1962. Revised English edition, 1972, Faber & Faber, London. Reprint, 1972. Stanford University Press, p. 62.

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approaching the city for the first time. The road passed through willow-shaded parks where the Tibetans used to

8201: 6957: 6547: 5928: 880: 653: 526: 6652: 9498: 9012: 8990: 8297: 7587: 7418: 4257: 3715:, while an inscription describes the socioeconomic development experienced in Tibet in the past fifty years. 3353: 1160: 966: 861: 634: 510: 301: 5902: 4395: 4134:(拉萨市群众文化体育中心) was completed in Liwu New District of Lhasa City. The center was built with the assistance of 206: 8262: 8176: 3885: 2170: 1380:, and Lhasa thereafter became both the religious and political capital. In 1645, the reconstruction of the 1102: 5439: 8156: 8065: 7501: 7391:. (212 p., 112 colour illustrations) (DVD with 527 digital photographs). Chicago: Serindia Publications. 6677: 6335: 2990: 2200:

Climate data for Lhasa, elevation 3,649 m (11,972 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2022)

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Agriculture and animal husbandry in Lhasa are considered to be of a high standard. People mainly plant

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Karmay, Samten C. (2005). "The Great Fifth", p. 1. Downloaded as a pdf file on 16 December 2007 from:

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As per a Chinese Tibetan spokesperson, extension of this rail line to Kathmandu with tunnelling under

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that left more than a hundred people killed, including the Ambans. After suppressing the rebels, Qing

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By the 15th century, the city of Lhasa had risen to prominence following the founding of three large

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A Brief History of the Kingdom Guge: History of Ngari Rosary of White Pearl, A Youngster's Ornament

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in the 9th century, when the sacred sites were destroyed and desecrated and the empire fragmented.

450: 6696:"World's highest railway Qinghai-Tibet Railway to be extended to Xigaze from Lhasa - Apple Travel" 115: 9255: 8981: 8434: 8364: 8292: 8206: 8050: 7914: 6971: 6209:, p. 228. Translated by J. E. Stapleton Driver. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 5993: 4344: 3833: 3825: 3654: 1083: 289: 2998: 8252: 7852: 7061: 6838: 5304: 3799: 3560: 3051: 2158: 1643: 24: 7974: 7492: 7115: 7087: 6920: 6887: 6799: 6765: 6619: 6561: 6461: 6397: 6363: 5328: 5157: 5075: 5041: 5007: 4686: 4511: 4417: 3113:

and various mines are abundant. There is widespread electricity together with the use of both

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mountains, extending 315 km (196 mi), and emptying into the Yarlung Zangbo River at

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The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire

4802: 4666: 4640: 4083: 3987: 3981: 3924: 3881: 3856: 3333: 3269: 3247: 3137: 2092: 1565: 1416: 1308: 1271:, which was also the faith attributed to his second wife Wencheng. In 641 he constructed the 1251:, to Rasa (Lhasa) where in 637 he raised the first structures on the site of what is now the 1222: 1029: 776: 296: 9073: 5108: 4941: 4594:

Anne-Marie Blondeau, Yonten Gyatso, 'Lhasa, Legend and History,' in Françoise Pommaret(ed.)

3547:

is an area of narrow streets and a public square in the old part of the city located around

1650:

Lhasa has an elevation of about 3,600 m (11,800 ft) and lies in the centre of the

1460:

army entered Lhasa in 1720, and the Qing government sent resident commissioners, called the

9527: 9435: 9055: 8891: 8419: 8409: 8136: 8126: 7857: 7663: 4135: 3692: 3227: 2994: 1659: 1515: 1499: 438: 9472: 7089:

Minority Education in China: Balancing Unity and Diversity in an Era of Critical Pluralism

2941: 8: 9502: 9196: 8778: 8590: 8257: 8216: 8085: 8030: 7954: 7949: 7842: 7571: 7056:

Tragedy in Crimson: How the Dalai Lama Conquered the World But Lost the Battle with China

6058:

and its many hermitages, many of which overlook Lhasa from the northern hill valleys and

4630: 3771: 3603: 3368: 3302: 3175:

landscape together with the many wild plants and animals native to the high altitudes of

3035: 1714:(12 in) to 500 millimetres (20 in), mostly falling between July and September. 1510:

had fled to the countryside. The treaty was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by

1491: 1311:

believes that "those histories reporting the arrival of Chinese troops are not correct."

430: 8881: 8328: 7551: 3216: 3190: 145: 9201: 9108: 8567: 7944: 7919: 7909: 7248: 7054: 5705: 5487: 5297: 4115: 3723: 3707:

was unveiled in the Potala Square in May 2002 to celebrate the 51st anniversary of the

3537: 3345: 3156: 3106: 1760: 1595: 1465: 1087: 151: 9296: 9035: 8674: 7643: 1703: 1663: 8812: 8783: 8758: 8708: 8638: 8595: 8404: 8196: 8191: 8015: 7939: 7862: 7635: 7595: 7525: 7511: 7444: 7436: 7422: 7412: 7392: 7378: 7356: 7334: 7319: 7304: 7286: 7278: 7256: 7207: 7192: 7184: 7170: 7121: 7093: 7065: 7021: 6926: 6893: 6805: 6771: 6625: 6567: 6544:

Islamic Shangri-La:Inter-Asian Relations and Lhasa's Muslim Communities, 1600 to 1960

6437: 6403: 6369: 6317: 6239: 6218: 6210: 6117: 6096: 6076: 6059: 5743: 5712: 5473: 5400: 5367: 5334: 5308: 5266: 5236: 5163: 5114: 5081: 5047: 5013: 4980: 4947: 4873: 4808: 4762: 4728: 4676: 4646: 4556: 4548: 4517: 4423: 4362: 3923:, the second largest city in Tibet by rail service, since 2014. A third railway, the 3909: 3391: 2860: 2813: 2765: 1691: 1530: 1452: 1260: 1227: 988: 980: 735: 727: 616: 608: 137: 9353: 9128: 9030: 8817: 8466: 7625: 5080:. Tibetan Historical Studies. Library of Tibetan Works & Archives. p. 204. 3722:, dates to 1650 and is located west of the city, and consists of two compounds. The 1678: 1602:

army. The main gate to the city of Lhasa used to run through the large Pargo Kaling

1464:, to Lhasa. On 11 November 1750, the murder of the regent by the Ambans triggered a 1412: 9444: 9386: 9093: 9050: 8847: 8763: 8424: 8414: 8242: 8226: 8095: 8055: 7979: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7899: 7894: 7872: 7837: 7704: 7658: 7607: 7298: 4229: 4197: 4011: 3962:

railway network. There are preliminary plans to link Lhasa by rail with Kathmandu.

3908:

and other cities. To counter the problem of altitude differences giving passengers

3877: 3817: 3813: 3791: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3529: 3235: 3202: 3183:

has expressed "concerns about the deterioration of Lhasa's traditional cityscape."

3079: 1745: 1735: 1667: 1626: 1538: 1469: 1156: 1110: 1006: 903: 821: 818: 753: 676: 557: 414: 410: 9191: 7546: 5685: 1236: 9421: 9406: 9322: 9103: 8822: 8713: 8323: 8040: 7877: 7479: 6019: 5989: 5856: 4974: 4899: 4755: 4727:. Françoise Pommaret-Imaeda, Françoise Pommaret 2003, p. 38. Brill, Netherlands. 4451: 4176: 3928: 3599:, it is probably the most popular tourist attraction in Lhasa. It is part of the 3446: 3325: 3256: 3098: 3005:. Lhasa was the centre of Tibetan Buddhism as nearly half of its population were 3002: 2986: 1651: 1507: 1503: 1377: 1094: 9482: 9411: 9260: 9045: 8793: 8630: 7653: 3219:, located at 8 Beijing Road in the city. It is known for its distinctive wooden 2930: 1699: 868: 517: 9347: 9337: 9312: 9307: 9288: 9221: 9176: 9143: 9133: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9083: 9078: 9040: 8930: 8910: 8861: 8773: 8738: 8693: 8615: 8035: 8010: 7959: 7889: 7867: 7699: 7648: 7564: 6801:

Handbook of Research on Special Economic Zones as Regional Development Enablers

6055: 4171: 4166: 4087: 4003: 3943: 3668: 3646: 3556: 3548: 3483:

hill. In former times it was crowded with men and women covering its length in

3458: 3450: 3403: 3361: 3341: 3317: 3294: 3290: 3251: 1740: 1707: 1580: 1488: 1428: 1405: 1361: 1346: 1327: 1323: 1315: 1276: 1248: 1240: 1218: 1214: 1207: 1043: 952: 804: 711: 592: 388: 7355:. (608 pages, 1244 illustrations). Hong Kong: Visual Dharma Publications Ltd. 7017:

The Geoeconomics and Geopolitics of Chinese Development and Investment in Asia

6989: 6712: 4946:. Routledge Studies in South Asian Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 3. 4893: 497: 9516: 9477: 9462: 9457: 9396: 9371: 9317: 9244: 9226: 9216: 9211: 9148: 9138: 9098: 9088: 8682: 8455: 8313: 8282: 8277: 8151: 7817: 7789: 7224: 6340: 4500:

Anne-Marie Blondeau and Yonten Gyatso, 'Lhasa, Legend and History,' pp.21–22.

4091: 4067: 3966: 3642: 3596: 3462: 3383: 3309: 3286: 3279: 3274: 3186: 2600: 1631: 1393: 1381: 1338: 1319: 1288: 1280: 1252: 1114: 400: 257: 244: 91: 8091:

Office building of the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region

7759: 6695: 5969: 4314: 3578: 3336:, the government converted the palace into a museum. The site was used as a 1389: 1365: 9467: 9416: 9376: 9342: 9332: 9327: 9271: 9206: 9186: 9181: 9158: 8620: 8501: 8080: 7904: 7754: 7749: 6871: 4723:

Bloudeau, Anne-Mari & Gyatso, Yonten. "Lhasa, Legend and History." In:

3634: 3622: 3379: 3349: 3176: 3152: 3110: 2923: 1472:

reorganized the Tibetan government and set up the governing council called

1457: 1436: 1264: 1079: 910: 683: 564: 20: 6368:. World Folklore Series (in Spanish). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 171. 6095:, (1988) pp. 8–13. Routledge & Kegan Paul, Ltd., London and New York. 4661: 4659: 4030: 3852: 3413: 1717: 1556: 1401: 1101:

and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the

9391: 9381: 9277: 9266: 9153: 8450: 8338: 8333: 8020: 7832: 7822: 6804:. Advances in Public Policy and Administration. IGI Global. p. 140. 5563: 4348: 4156: 3959: 3951: 3837: 3712: 3564: 3519: 3484: 3454: 3417: 3395: 3298: 3239: 3197: 3168: 1687: 1655: 1576: 1409: 1322:

magically pinned down the earth demoness and built the foundation of the

1314:

From the fall of the monarchy in the 9th century to the accession of the

1122: 392: 121: 8111:

Office of the Representative of the Central People's Government in Tibet

7744: 6487: 4443: 4006:, which offers regional services to other destinations in Tibet such as 3777: 3718:

There are four mosques in and around Lhasa. The earliest mosque, called

3171:

Summer Palace and surrounding large monasteries as well the spectacular

2906:

Source: China Meteorological Administrationall-time extreme temperature

2142: 1451:

area formed a bustling market for foreign goods. The Jesuit missionary,

131: 9452: 9401: 8752: 8025: 7779: 7255:. Second Edition, Revised and Updated. Shambhala Publications, Boston. 6913: 6758: 4910: 4656: 4609:

The Lhasa atlas: : traditional Tibetan architecture and townscape,

4363:"Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions" 4161: 3939: 3821: 3610: 3524: 3337: 3321: 3160: 3126: 1587:. Dormitory blocks, offices and army barracks are built over the rest. 1545:

for peace talks, and in April 1951, a five-member delegation headed by

1522: 1357: 1232: 396: 375: 7764: 6867:"China may build rail tunnel under Mount Everest, state media reports" 4513:

The Bukharans: A Dynastic, Diplomatic and Commercial History 1550-1702

3344:, who in 637 built the first palace there in order to greet his bride 871: 644: 641: 8976: 8855: 8318: 8212:

Memorial Hall Marking the Emancipation of More Than One Million Serfs

6041: 3999: 3901: 3893: 3650: 3638: 3533: 3510: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3407: 3313: 3250:

was established in 1988 on the northern outskirts of Lhasa, south of

3114: 2934: 1423: 1292: 1284: 421: 101: 4583:

Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and Their Tibetan Successors

1376:. The core leadership of this government is also referred to as the 1109:

since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant

9249: 9236: 9065: 8801: 8746: 8005: 7812: 7774: 7769: 7719: 7709: 5542: 5387: 5354: 4119: 4075: 4071: 4055: 4015: 4007: 3947: 3920: 3905: 3658: 3607: 3536:

period, which corresponds to dates in July/August according to the

3480: 3468: 3423: 3399: 3206: 3172: 2978:(about 800), and a few from Bhutan, Mongolia and other places. The 1521:

On November 2, 1949, the local Tibetan government sent a letter to

1404:) was added between 1690 and 1694. The name Potala is derived from 1300: 1268: 1256: 924: 697: 578: 7677: 7507: 6791: 3735: 3129:. The production of national handicrafts has made great progress. 19:

This article is about the inner urban district. For the city, see

8899: 8000: 7847: 7827: 7734: 7724: 7714: 7473:

People's Government of Chengguan District, Lhasa Official Website

6678:"教育部财政部国家发展改革委关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设学科名单的通知 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站" 5448:. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China 5194: 4596:

Lhasa in the seventeenth century: the capital of the Dalai Lamas,

4107: 4059: 4051: 4043: 3932: 3897: 3889: 3767: 3744: 3587: 3552: 3544: 3492: 3476: 3357: 3231: 3220: 3122: 3118: 3060: 2946: 1603: 1591: 1584: 1542: 1448: 1369: 1350: 1334: 1272: 1192: 1118: 107: 6670: 5808: 5806: 4747: 4725:

Lhasa in the Seventeenth Century: The Capital of the Dalai Lamas

3977: 3675: 1203: 1105:. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of 85: 9168: 7461: 4598:

Brill Tibetan Studies Library, 3, Brill 2003, pp.15-38, pp15ff.

4449: 4338: 4111: 3955: 3873: 3626: 3618: 3615: 3600: 3496: 3488: 3472: 3427: 3365: 3260:

building to what now covers 62,240 square metres (15.3 acres).

3180: 3164: 3083: 2975: 1750: 1682:

The built-up area (pink) within the Chengguan District (yellow)

1618: 1599: 1473: 1408:, the mythical abode of the Dalai Lama's divine prototype, the 1342: 1244: 1168: 1098: 426: 6316:, pp. 40–41. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London and New York. 4837:"The History of the Early Period of Buddhism and Bon in Tibet" 4744:

The Ornaments of Lhasa, Islam in Tibet, Produced by Gray Henry

4042:(part of G109) runs northeast toward Xining and eventually to 3884:

each day. Train number Z21 takes 40 hours and 53 minutes from

3709:

Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet

3255:

day, employing some 200 workers by this time. Since 2000, the

2133: 1150: 1139: 1048: 1034: 826: 809: 795: 781: 9363: 9301: 7882: 7784: 7739: 7729: 5803: 4864: 4862: 4382: 4380: 4206: 4019: 3662: 3630: 3592: 3329: 3102: 3014: 2971: 1461: 1432: 1184: 1106: 277: 7524: 6428: 6426: 5012:. 西藏历史与现状综合研究项目 (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. 2015. p. 492. 3117:

and traditional methods in the production of such things as

1392:) of the Potala was completed, and the Potala was used as a 8273:

Yangbajain Cosmic Ray National Field Scientific Observatory

7472: 7148:

Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies

6853:"Extend Tibet railway line to Kathmandu, Nepal tells China" 4943:

Nepal and the Geo-Strategic Rivalry between China and India

4212: 3430: 3091: 3087: 3006: 1686:

Chengguan District is located on the middle reaches of the

9497:** Southern portions of these counties are claimed by the 6954:"New highway linking Lhasa to Gonggar Airport to be built" 5830: 5796: 5399:(in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社西藏园林植物生态效益及研究方法. 2014. p. 50. 5366:(in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社西藏园林植物生态效益及研究方法. 2014. p. 48. 4859: 4377: 3461:, the "Great" 5th Dalai Lama, and completed by the Regent 2989:

explorers made celebrated journeys to the city, including

6423: 6355: 5420: 5333:. 中国史话. 社会系列 (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. 2015. p. 109. 5209:

Formes modernes de la poésie épique: nouvelles approches,

3285:

Lhasa has many sites of historic interest, including the

466: 7556: 7270:, (Vol. 17, pp. 281–282). Danbury, CT: Grolier Inc. 6327: 6228: 6199: 4537: 7277:, p. 38. Reprint 1972. Stanford University Press. 6889:

The Evolution and Preservation of the Old City of Lhasa

6434:

The Power-Places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide,

6389: 5113:. 中国史话. 社会系列 (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. 2015. p. 9. 4804:

The Magician of Lhasa: A Matt Lester Spiritual Thriller

3958:

will make it easier for onward connections through the

3629:

design, and was later extended resulting in a blend of

3305:

of the 1960s. Many have been restored since the 1980s.

7204:

The Power-Places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide

6727:"Train 27, Now Arriving Tibet, in a 'Great Leap West'" 6612: 6314:

The Power-Places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide

6236:

The Power-Places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide

6093:

The Power-Places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide

5265:. (2008), p. 88. National Geographic, Washington D.C. 4753: 3038:

or wholly Chinese teaching was common in the schools.

1303:. Lǐ suggested that this tradition may derive from an 1178: 1145: 1134: 8496: 6114:

The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama

5818: 5321: 5000: 4870:

The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama

4704:. King's Crown Press, Columbia University. p. 6. 4209: 3954:. However, extension of the Indian railway system to 1159:. Chengguan literally translates to "urban gateway" ( 985: 971: 957: 943: 929: 915: 732: 716: 702: 688: 613: 597: 583: 569: 6554: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6531: 5223: 4787: 4785: 4614: 4410: 4203: 3457:, which was founded in 1413. It was conceived of by 2151:

Left: Chengguan District, Lhasa; right: Lhasa Valley

1093:

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the

6837:. China Tibet News. 15 January 2014. Archived from 6797: 6566:. 音乐自学丛书 (in Chinese). 人民音乐出版社. 2019. p. 221. 5101: 4754:Rinpoché, H.E.C.; Coghlan, I.; Zarpani, V. (2012). 4200: 3969:was, as of 2015, expected to be completed by 2020. 3868:Lhasa has been served by rail since 2006, when the 1287:(depicting the Buddha at the age of eight) and the 1235:in the west, he moved the capital from the Chingwa 7206:, p. 59. Routledge & Kegan Paul. London. 7053: 6238:, p. 49. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., London. 5870: 5704: 5296: 5067: 4503: 4316:Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition 1606:and contained holy relics of the Buddha Mindukpa. 8222:Lhasa Economic and Technological Development Zone 7221:. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B005DQV7Q2 6752:"The train to Lhasa, Tibet - What You Can Expect" 6528: 5276: 5220:Tung (1980), p.21 and caption to plate 17, p. 42. 5033: 4933: 4930:Taylor & Francis US. 2009, pp.54-85, pp.58-7. 4888: 4886: 4782: 3687:Tibet Peaceful Liberation Monument, Potala Square 1710:of Lhoka (Shannan) Prefecture lies to the south. 1579:, Dalai Lama's Summer Palace, constructed by the 1267:court. Bhrikuti is said to have converted him to 9514: 8248:Tibet University of Traditional Tibetan Medicine 7142:Yeh, Emily T.; Henderson, Mark (December 2008). 6798:Figueiredo, P.G.; Leandro, F.J.; Li, Y. (2021). 6510:"Monument to Tibet Peaceful Liberation Unveiled" 6460:. China Tibet Information Center. Archived from 6075:. 6th Edition (2005), pp. 36–37. Lonely Planet. 5149: 4794: 4675:. trans. by Derek F. Maher. BRILL. p. 123. 4094:, terminating between the north entrance of the 3931:and into the interior ultimately terminating in 1658:, also Kyi River or Kyi Chu, a tributary of the 8167:Tibetan Hospital of the Tibet Autonomous Region 8106:Lhasa North and South Mountain Greening Project 7301:: A Merchant of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet. 7007: 6879: 6062:, amongst many others of historical importance. 6042:"Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa" 5472:(1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. 4308: 4306: 2985:In the first half of the 20th century, several 1506:with the remaining Tibetan officials after the 1133:Lhasa literally translates to "place of gods" ( 7425:. Reproduced by Rupa & Co, New Delhi. 2005 7086:Leibold, James; Chen, Yangbin (4 March 2014). 4883: 4645:Reprinted in 1992 by CUP Motilal Banarsidass, 3465:(Sangs-rgyas rgya-mtsho) shortly before 1697. 2157:Owing to its very high elevation, Lhasa has a 1583:; a small part of the Shugtri Lingka, and the 1396:by the Dalai Lama from that time onwards. The 1225:(whose lower reaches in India is known as the 8962: 8482: 7572: 5899:"Lhasa Hotel in Lhasa, China - Lonely Planet" 5680: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5556: 4967: 4585:. 2 Vols. Shambhala, Boston, Vol. II, p. 416. 4152:List of twin towns and sister cities in China 3263: 2105: 2075: 2045: 2015: 1983: 1953: 1923: 1893: 1863: 1833: 1803: 1773: 1341:and his disciples. The three monasteries are 885: 866: 658: 639: 531: 515: 44: 8162:People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region 8071:Qinghai-Tibet-Sichuan-Tibet Highway Monument 7268:Encyclopedia Americana international edition 7169:. Reprint: Mehra Offset Press, Delhi. 1988. 7141: 6706: 6624:(in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. 2012. p. 115. 6512:. China Tibet Tourism Bureau. Archived from 5812: 4828: 4450:中国作家协会. 湖北分会; 湖北省作家协会; 中山市完美日用品有限公司 (2007). 4422:(in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. 2014. p. 246. 4303: 3705:Monument to the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet 3024: 1456:European amber and Mediterranean coral. The 931:ㄔㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢㄑㄩ 16:Urban district of the City of Lhasa in Tibet 7085: 6436:p. 59. Routledge & Kegan Paul. London. 6361: 6054:In the surrounding prefecture of Lhasa are 5945:. Tibet Sun. 12 August 2009. Archived from 5836: 5537: 5535: 5492:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5235:(in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. 2015. p. 23. 4234: 3563:, and a number of nobles' houses including 3475:path, most commonly used to name the outer 3226:Lhasa contains several businesses of note. 2953: 8969: 8955: 8489: 8475: 8147:Tibet Himalaya Mountaineering Guide School 7579: 7565: 7113: 6892:. Springer Nature Singapore. p. 186. 6395: 5669: 5432: 5426: 5290: 5288: 3820:: བོད་ལྗོངས་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆེན་མོ་) is the main 3215:. Another hotel of note is the historical 2926:on the street in Chengguan District, Lhasa 2169:), bordering on both a monsoon-influenced 1504:Convention Between Great Britain and Tibet 1231:) Valley. After conquering the kingdom of 496: 74:District of Chengguan of the City of Lhasa 7540: 7245:. Libraire d'Amérique et d'orient. Paris. 5901:. Hotels.lonelyplanet.com. Archived from 5140: 3571:. There were four large incense burners ( 3312:, named after Mount Potala, the abode of 8268:Lhasa-Beijing Experimental Middle School 7231:- Preserving Lhasa's history (part one). 6402:. Oxford University Press. p. 158. 6178:Snellgrove and Richardson (1995), p. 91. 5967: 5961: 5532: 4665: 4046:and is the most-used road in Tibet. The 4029: 3976: 3942:, the closest major station in India is 3851: 3776: 3743:There are some night spots that feature 3734: 3682: 3674: 3577: 3509: 3501: 3412: 3373: 3273: 3185: 2940: 2929: 2917: 1716: 1677: 1637: 1625: 1617: 1555: 1478: 1447:By the end of the 17th century, Lhasa's 1422: 1259:of Nepal, and then, two years later, to 1202: 8172:Tibet Autonomous Region Mass Art Museum 7493:Grand temple of Buddha at Lhasa in 1902 7051: 6297: 6155: 5824: 5742:. Taylor & Francis US. p. 60. 5735: 5702: 5611: 5543:"Extreme Temperatures Around the World" 5468:census office under the state (2012). 5294: 5285: 4939: 4078:1.5 billion. This road is part of 1527:Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party 1514:. All Qing troops left Lhasa after the 9515: 8101:Tibet Working People's Cultural Palace 7497:Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection 7217:Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2011). 6855:. The Indian Express. 12 October 2009. 6541: 6333: 5943:"Lhasa beer from Tibet makes US debut" 5207:(post-) maoïste,' in Judith Labarthe, 5162:(in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. p. 386. 5073: 4834: 4611:Serindia Publications, Inc., 2001 p.14 4509: 4491:, Snow Lion Publications, 2007, p.144. 4002:in Nepal. Lhasa Airport is the hub of 3808:Tibet Vocational and Technical College 3449:). It was the site of the most famous 3105:. The resources of water conservancy, 1630:Lhasa from the Pabonka Monastery. The 1494:invaded and captured Lhasa during the 1439:pictured here at the time of the 1904 987: 734: 615: 8950: 8470: 7560: 7266:Richardson, Hugh E (1997). Lhasa. In 6946: 6452: 6450: 6271: 6116:, pp. 345–351.Grove Press, New York. 5872:"Tourism drive 'is destroying Tibet'" 5868: 5850:"Tibet tourism warms as spring comes" 5303:. Columbia University Press. p. 5046:. Taylor & Francis. p. 345. 5039: 4979:. “大镜头”纪实 (in Chinese). 红旗出版社. 1998. 4800: 4516:. Taylor & Francis. p. 407. 4322:. St. Louis: Demographia. p. 84. 4228: 3649:and his two foreign brides, Princess 9505:area, but are administered by India. 9443: 8187:Lhasa Mass Culture and Sports Center 7411:An Account of Tibet: The Travels of 7191:. Also published in Chicago, U.S.A. 7144:"Interpreting Urbanization in Tibet" 7020:. Taylor & Francis. p. 54. 6724: 6362:Yuan, H.; Kunga, A.; Li, B. (2014). 5879:from the original on 12 January 2022 5155: 4672:One hundred thousand moons, Volume 1 4629: 4456:(in Chinese). 《长江文艺》编辑部. p. 68 4132:Lhasa Mass Culture and Sports Center 3836:. It is a member of the prestigious 3637:styles. It possesses the statues of 239:Coordinates (Tibet government): 7013: 6713:"How to Get to Lhasa" ChinaTour.net 5935: 5625:China Meteorological Administration 5598:China Meteorological Administration 5570:China Meteorological Administration 5514:China Meteorological Administration 5500: 4312: 4172:Drapchi Prison or Lhasa Prison No.1 3935:, began construction in June 2015. 2922:An elderly Tibetan woman holding a 1529:) expressing its desire for talks. 1275:(or Rasa Trülnang Tsulagkhang) and 13: 8344:Tibet Autonomous Region Guesthouse 7552:Old map of central Lhasa from 1959 7431:The Hotel on the Roof of the World 7403: 6885: 6476: 6447: 6008: 5263:National Geographic Atlas of China 4872:, pp. 175. Grove Press, New York. 4699: 3212:The Hotel on the Roof of the World 2949:in Chengguan District, Lhasa, 1993 1549:traveled to Beijing and reached a 14: 9549: 8076:Consulate General of Nepal, Lhasa 7454: 7333:. Serindia Publications. London. 6071:Bradley Mayhew and Michael Kohn. 4050:(part of G318) runs east towards 3747:acts in which performers sing in 3320:, was the chief residence of the 2937:monk in Chengguan District, Lhasa 1673: 1622:Lhasa sits in a flat river valley 329:525 km (203 sq mi) 45: 8288:Lhasa 500kV Transmission Project 8182:Tibet Autonomous Region Archives 7683: 7676: 7506: 7460: 6982: 6964: 6859: 6845: 6825: 6744: 6718: 6688: 6645: 6587: 6502: 6281:. Cultural China. Archived from 6018:. Lhasa Beer USA. Archived from 5197:, those parks have disappeared." 4761:. Awakening Vajra Publications. 4489:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 4196: 4066:(G219) runs north from Lhasa to 3796:Tibet Tibetan Medical University 3426:, meaning 'Iron Mountain', is a 3234:south of Yanhe Dong Lu near the 3136: 3059: 3050: 2141: 2132: 1384:began on Red Hill. In 1648, the 1073:Chengguan District of Lhasa City 543:(in Tibetan) "Place of the Gods" 385: • Major Ethnic groups 337:168 km (65 sq mi) 212: 205: 179: 172: 144: 130: 114: 100: 84: 9533:County-level divisions of Lhasa 8142:Tibet Museum of Natural Science 7417:. Ippolito Desideri. Edited by 7365:von Schroeder, Ulrich. (2001). 7351:von Schroeder, Ulrich. (1981). 6990:"西藏：规模最大的群众文化体育中心近日竣工并验收_藏人文化网" 6922:IIRF Strategic Yearbook 2022-23 6767:IIRF Strategic Yearbook 2022-23 6486:. China Museums. Archived from 6334:Philip, Bruno (19 March 2008). 6306: 6249: 6190: 6181: 6172: 6149: 6140: 6127: 6106: 6085: 6065: 6034: 5978: 5971:Brewing at the Top of the World 5917: 5891: 5862: 5842: 5781: 5772: 5763: 5729: 5696: 5643: 5620:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971–2000年） 5583: 5509:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） 5460: 5256: 5214: 5200: 5183: 5134: 4920: 4904: 4738: 4717: 4708: 4693: 4623: 4601: 4588: 4575: 4566: 4494: 4481: 4468: 3842:Double First-Class Construction 3739:Tibetan dancing in Lhasa, Tibet 3196:Lhasa contains several hotels. 2913: 1279:in Lhasa in order to house two 1247:: Qióngjié Xiàn), southwest of 1221:that had risen to power in the 1078:is the inner urban district of 59:Chengguan, Chênggoin, Chengguān 8202:Lhasa Donggar Wholesale Market 7331:Early Temples of Central Tibet 7303:Kathmandu: Lijala & Tisa. 7296:Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (2011). 7219:China's Ancient Tea Horse Road 7183:. 2nd Edition. Bath, England. 7092:. Hong Kong University Press. 6548:University of California Press 4702:The historical status of Tibet 4355: 4326: 4281: 4261: 4251: 4189: 3781:Tibet University Campus (2016) 2106: 2076: 2046: 2016: 1984: 1976:བཅིངས་འགྲོལ་ནུབ་ལམ་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 1954: 1924: 1894: 1864: 1834: 1804: 1774: 1173: 1164: 1049: 1035: 986: 972: 958: 944: 930: 916: 886: 867: 827: 810: 796: 782: 733: 717: 703: 689: 659: 640: 614: 598: 584: 570: 532: 516: 1: 8298:One River, Two Rivers Project 7389:108 Buddhist Statues in Tibet 7387:von Schroeder, Ulrich. 2008. 7318:. Thomas and Hudson, London. 6925:. Notion Press. p. 279. 6770:. Notion Press. p. 264. 6653:"全国高等学校名单 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站" 6396:Benard, E.; Moon, B. (2000). 5711:. Columbia University Press. 5191:Lhasa: Streets with Memories, 4388:"Lhasa and the Soul of Tibet" 4270: 3840:, and is sponsored under the 3625:style is based on the Indian 1946:གླིང་ཕྲན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 345:3,656 m (11,995 ft) 213: 180: 8548:Jinzhu West Road Subdistrict 8263:Lhasa No.1 Elementary School 8177:Lhasa Comprehensive Pavilion 7367:Buddhist Sculptures in Tibet 7314:Tung, Rosemary Jones. 1980. 6972:"拉萨市规模最大群众文化体育中心开建-西藏自治区体育局" 6725:Cody, Edward (4 July 2006). 6160:. Blackwell Reference Online 5869:Miles, Paul (8 April 2005). 5707:Lhasa: Streets with Memories 5299:Lhasa: streets with memories 4639:. p. 28. Archived from 4275: 3847: 3790:There are 2 universities of 3785: 3078:traditional agriculture and 2171:subtropical highland climate 1971:Jinzhu West Road Subdistrict 1613: 1564:In 1959, following a failed 1535:Tsejang Khenpo Tubten Gyalpo 1427:Lhasa's (western gate)- the 7: 8400:G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway 8157:Lhasa Youth Activity Center 7488:Lhasa Nights art exhibition 6834:拉林铁路预计2014年9月份动工全线435.39千米 6336:"Trashing the Beijing road" 4478:, 2003, pp.15–38, pp.21–22. 4145: 4101: 3665:and other important items. 2991:William Montgomery McGovern 2673:Average precipitation days 2459:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2319:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1950:Lingchain Nyi'gyi Tromzhung 1512:a 1906 Anglo-Chinese treaty 1498:. The expedition's leader, 1496:British expedition to Tibet 1441:British expedition to Tibet 1151: 1140: 1128: 1103:highest cities in the world 10: 9554: 9538:Capitals of former nations 9499:People's Republic of China 8430:Lhasa River Special Bridge 8385:Yangbajain railway station 8375:Lhasa West railway station 7243:Histoire ancienne du Tibet 7165:Das, Sarat Chandra. 1902. 7044: 4835:Berzin, Alexander (1996). 3938:For onward rail travel in 3798:and 3 special colleges of 3730: 3267: 3264:Architecture and cityscape 3041: 2905: 2199: 2123: 1198: 18: 9523:Chengguan District, Lhasa 9495: 9434: 9362: 9287: 9235: 9167: 9064: 9011: 9000: 8988: 8890: 8846: 8792: 8737: 8673: 8629: 8581: 8508: 8443: 8352: 8306: 8235: 8119: 8061:Potala Palace Inner Stele 7993: 7798: 7692: 7674: 7634: 7606: 7594: 7586: 7467:Chengguan District, Lhasa 7435:Chichester: Summersdale. 7117:Human Rights and Refugees 6542:Atwill, David G. (2018). 6187:Richardson (1984), p. 30. 6156:Coulmas, Florian (1999). 4898:15 September 2013 at the 4807:. Hay House. p. 38. 4581:Snellgrove, David. 1987. 4225: 4125: 4106:The closest seaports are 4062:on the Nepal border. The 4058:. G318 also runs west to 3927:, which links Lhasa with 3555:, the former seat of the 3514:Old Barkhor street, 1993. 3025:Contemporary demographics 2858: 2811: 2763: 2719: 2672: 2598: 2528: 2458: 2388: 2318: 2248: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2183:humid continental climate 1980:Jingzhoi Nublam Tromzhung 1916:ཀརྨ་མ་ཀུན་བཟང་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 1634:rises above the old city. 1217:became the leader of the 1179: 1146: 1135: 1060: 1042: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1011: 1005: 1000: 979: 965: 951: 937: 923: 909: 902: 897: 893: 879: 860: 855: 851: 846: 838: 817: 803: 789: 775: 770: 766: 758: 752: 747: 726: 710: 704:ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄧㄝ 696: 682: 675: 670: 666: 652: 633: 628: 607: 591: 577: 563: 556: 551: 547: 539: 525: 509: 504: 495: 491: 486: 461: 449: 437: 420: 406: 384: 373: 369:890/km (2,300/sq mi) 365: 354: 349: 341: 333: 322: 317: 307: 295: 283: 273: 238: 166: 162: 78: 73: 64: 39: 8528:Garmagoinsar Subdistrict 8498:Township-level divisions 8380:Wumatang railway station 8066:Lhasa Martyrs' Mausoleum 8046:Monument of Jiangsu Road 7985:Trashi Chöling Hermitage 7316:A Portrait of Lost Tibet 7181:Footprint Tibet Handbook 7060:. Nation Books. p. 6833: 6196:Beckwith (1987), p. 148. 6146:Richardson (1985), p. 2. 5813:Yeh & Henderson 2008 5778:Richardson (1984), p. 7. 5703:Barnett, Robert (2013). 5619: 5592: 5565:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data 5564: 5508: 5469: 5440: 5295:Barnett, Robert (2006). 4392:www.stephenbatchelor.org 4289:"Lhasa City Master Plan" 4182: 3996:Lhasa Airport Expressway 3125:, plastics, matches and 3021:outskirts be included." 2954:Demographics in the past 1911:Garmagoinsar Subdistrict 1886:ཀུན་བདེ་གླིང་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 1826:རྗེ་འབུམ་སྒང་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 1551:consensus on peace talks 1500:Sir Francis Younghusband 1213:By the mid 7th century, 881:Traditional Chinese 654:Traditional Chinese 527:Traditional Chinese 34:District in Tibet, China 8982:Tibet Autonomous Region 8596:Liuwu (Niu) Subdistrict 8518:Caigungtang Subdistrict 8435:Lhasa Passenger Station 8365:Damxung railway station 8293:Lhasa Converter Station 8236:Education & Science 8207:Tibet Exhibition Center 8051:Treasure of the Plateau 7970:Sera Gönpasar Hermitage 7915:Keutsang East Hermitage 7532:Encyclopædia Britannica 7517:Lhasa and Central Tibet 7428:Le Sueur, Alec (2013). 7329:Vitali, Roberto. 1990. 7167:Lhasa and Central Tibet 7114:Subramanya, N. (2004). 6234:Dowman, Keith. (1988). 6112:Laird, Thomas. (2006). 5855:7 November 2012 at the 5837:Leibold & Chen 2014 5736:Mayaram, Shail (2009). 5657:. OGIMET. 28 March 2022 5441:2013年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：城关区 5145:. 中国城市年鉴社. p. 605. 4868:Laird, Thomas. (2006). 4620:Dorje (1999), pp. 68–9. 4345:Oxford University Press 4025: 3863: 3834:Tibet Autonomous Region 3826:Tibet Autonomous Region 3655:Emperor Taizong of Tang 3595:school. Along with the 3238:, produces traditional 2961:Encyclopædia Britannica 2063:Caigungtang Subdistrict 1084:Tibet Autonomous Region 862:Simplified Chinese 635:Simplified Chinese 629:Historical Chinese name 585:ㄌㄚㄙㄚˋ 511:Simplified Chinese 8978:County-level divisions 8253:Lhasa Teachers College 7965:Sera Chöding Hermitage 7853:Drolma Lhakhang Temple 7541:Maps and aerial photos 7535:(11th ed.). 1911. 7478:7 October 2015 at the 7443:. Oakland: RDR Books. 7433:– Five Years in Tibet. 7241:Pelliot, Paul. (1961) 6715:Accessed 23 March 2015 6312:Dowman, Keith (1998). 5968:Gluckman, Ron (1994). 5686:"Lhasa - Encyclopedia" 5651:"55591: Lhasa (China)" 5591:"Experience Template" 5568:(in Chinese (China)). 4928:The other global city, 4636:Tibet Past and Present 4607:Amund Sinding-Larsen, 4064:Xinjiang-Tibet Highway 4035: 3984: 3972: 3860: 3800:Lhasa Teachers College 3782: 3740: 3688: 3680: 3583: 3561:Muru Nyingba Monastery 3515: 3507: 3420: 3387: 3282: 3193: 2950: 2938: 2927: 2159:cool semi-arid climate 1920:Garmagoinsar Tromzhung 1722: 1683: 1647: 1635: 1623: 1561: 1484: 1444: 1210: 407: • Languages 25:Lhasa (disambiguation) 23:. For other uses, see 9026:Doilungdêqên District 8563:Nyangrain Subdistrict 8543:Jêbumgang Subdistrict 8533:Gündêling Subdistrict 8370:Lhasa railway station 8132:Tibetan People's Hall 7808:Architecture of Lhasa 7273:Stein, R. A. (1972). 7253:Tibet and its History 7202:Dowman, Keith. 1988. 7179:Dorje, Gyurme. 1999. 7052:Johnson, Tim (2011). 6621:寻找锅庄舞－藏地锅庄的历史、社会、体育考察 6432:Dowman, Keith. 1988. 6205:Stein, R. A. (1972). 5875:. London: Telegraph. 5769:Dowman (1988), p. 39. 5739:The other global city 5593:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020) 4700:Li, Tiezheng (1956). 4572:Dorje (1999), p. 201. 4341:UK English Dictionary 4230:[l̥ɛː˥˥.sa˥˥] 4084:Lhasa railway station 4048:Sichuan–Tibet Highway 4040:Qinghai–Tibet Highway 4033: 3988:Lhasa Gonggar Airport 3982:Lhasa Gonggar Airport 3980: 3925:Sichuan-Tibet Railway 3882:Lhasa railway station 3870:Qinghai–Tibet Railway 3857:Lhasa railway station 3855: 3780: 3738: 3686: 3678: 3581: 3513: 3505: 3416: 3377: 3334:1959 Tibetan uprising 3277: 3270:Architecture of Lhasa 3248:Lhasa Brewery Company 3189: 3071:Right: Jokhang Market 2944: 2933: 2921: 2093:Nyangrain Subdistrict 2072:Caigungtang Tromzhung 2068:ཚལ་གུང་ཐང་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 1881:Gündêling Subdistrict 1821:Jêbumgang Subdistrict 1721:View of Lhasa in 2017 1720: 1696:Doilungdêqên District 1690:, a tributary of the 1681: 1642:Map including Lhasa ( 1641: 1629: 1621: 1559: 1482: 1426: 1309:Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa 1223:Yarlung Tsangpo River 1206: 297:Prefecture-level city 258:29.65389°N 91.11750°E 9256:Gongbo'gyamda County 9056:Maizhokunggar County 8916:Nyimajangra Township 8892:Maizhokunggar County 8553:Liangdao Subdistrict 8410:Central Beijing Road 8127:Potala Palace Square 7858:Yangpachen Monastery 7469:at Wikimedia Commons 7353:Indo-Tibetan Bronzes 7275:Tibetan Civilization 7238:(London), p. 4. 6257:"Norbulingka Palace" 6207:Tibetan Civilization 6135:Tibetan Civilization 5799:on 17 February 2007. 5631:on 21 September 2013 5520:on 21 September 2013 5282:Dorje (1999), p. 68. 5043:China's Tibet Policy 4940:Upadhya, S. (2012). 4915:Tibetan Civilization 4791:Dorje (1999), p. 69. 4545:Tibetan Civilization 4136:Beijing Municipality 4096:Gala Mountain Tunnel 4082:and starts from the 4080:National Highway 318 3804:Tibet Police College 3559:in Lhasa called the 3453:Tibet, known as the 3228:Lhasa Carpet Factory 2999:Alexandra David-Néel 2995:Francis Younghusband 2958:The 11th edition of 2249:Record high °C (°F) 1941:Liangdao Subdistrict 1796:སྐྱིད་རས་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 1660:Yarlung Zangbo River 1516:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil 366: • Density 8779:Nyingzhong Township 8689:Banjorling Township 8601:Naiqung Subdistrict 8591:Donggar Subdistrict 8258:Lhasa Middle School 8217:Lhasa Half Marathon 8086:Shirin Dorje Pohang 8031:Hutoushan Reservoir 7975:Sera Utsé Hermitage 7955:Rakhadrak Hermitage 7950:Purbuchok Hermitage 7843:Kundeling Monastery 7502:Tibet Travel Permit 6976:sport.xizang.gov.cn 6731:The Washington Post 5859:, 13 February 2009. 5470:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 5074:Samkar, N. (2022). 4510:Burton, A. (2020). 3810:in the Lhasa city. 3604:World Heritage Site 3369:World Heritage List 3303:Cultural Revolution 2720:Average snowy days 2529:Record low °C (°F) 2389:Daily mean °C (°F) 2102:Nyangrain Tromzhung 2038:དོག་སྡེ་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 1996:established in 2013 1931:Gámǎgòngsāng Jiēdào 1890:Gündêling Tromzhung 1830:Jêbumgang Tromzhung 1766:བར་སྒོར་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 1547:Ngapo-Ngawang Jigme 1492:expeditionary force 1487:In January 1904, a 254: / 9109:Xaitongmoin County 9074:Samzhubzê District 9021:Chengguan District 8936:Zhaxigang Township 8867:Carbanang Township 8699:Jangraxar Township 8568:Pargor Subdistrict 8558:Ngaqên Subdistrict 8538:Gyirai Subdistrict 8523:Chabxi Subdistrict 8307:Hotels & Parks 8120:Culture & Life 7945:Panglung Hermitage 7920:Keutsang Hermitage 7910:Keutsang Hermitage 7693:Towns and villages 7421:. Introduction by 7419:Filippo De Filippi 7249:Richardson, Hugh E 7120:. APH Publishing. 7014:Yeh, E.T. (2018). 6700:www.appletravel.cn 6458:"The Tibet Museum" 6399:Goddesses Who Rule 6303:Tibet (1986), p.71 5159:和平解放以来民族政策西藏实践绩效研究 5141:中国城市发展研究会 (1994). 5040:Norbu, D. (2001). 4801:Miche, D. (2020). 4689:on 2 October 2011. 4643:on 2 October 2011. 4116:West Bengal, India 4054:and eventually to 4036: 3985: 3861: 3830:Chinese government 3783: 3741: 3724:Lhasa Great Mosque 3689: 3681: 3584: 3538:Gregorian calendar 3523:of the successive 3516: 3508: 3421: 3388: 3346:Princess Wen Cheng 3283: 3194: 3107:geothermal heating 2951: 2939: 2928: 2098:ཉང་བྲན་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 2083:Càigōngtáng Jiēdào 2008:སྣ་ཆེན་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 2003:Ngaqên Subdistrict 1991:Jīnzhū Xīlù Jiēdào 1856:གྲ་བཞི་ཁྲོམ་གཞུང་། 1851:Chabxi Subdistrict 1791:Gyirai Subdistrict 1761:Pargor Subdistrict 1755:Population (2010) 1723: 1684: 1648: 1636: 1624: 1562: 1485: 1476:in Lhasa in 1751. 1445: 1211: 1113:sites such as the 1088:Southwestern China 847:Chengguan District 334: • Urban 312:Gyirai Subdistrict 263:29.65389; 91.11750 122:Norbulingka palace 9510: 9509: 9491: 9490: 9430: 9429: 8995: 8944: 8943: 8813:Margyang Township 8784:Wumatang Township 8769:Lungring Township 8759:Gongtang Township 8709:Ngarnang Township 8606:Yamda Subdistrict 8573:Togdê Subdistrict 8464: 8463: 8405:North Linkor Road 8197:Tibet Rug Mansion 8192:Lhasa Cinema City 8016:Lhasa Zhol Pillar 7940:Pabonka Hermitage 7863:Drepung Monastery 7672: 7671: 7547:Map central Lhasa 7512:Gombojab Tsybikov 7465:Media related to 7449:978-1-57143-101-1 7441:978-1-84024-199-0 7413:Ippolito Desideri 7409:Desideri (1932). 7375:Tibet & China 7127:978-81-7648-683-5 7099:978-988-8208-13-5 7071:978-1-56858-649-6 7027:978-1-351-37896-3 6932:979-8-88883-276-9 6899:978-981-10-6735-8 6811:978-1-7998-7621-2 6777:979-8-88883-276-9 6631:978-7-5097-3432-2 6599:www.ctibet.org.cn 6573:978-7-103-04599-2 6409:978-0-19-535294-8 6375:979-8-216-15591-1 6365:Tibetan Folktales 6158:"Tibetan writing" 6122:978-0-8021-1827-1 6060:Drepung Monastery 5986:"Carlsberg China" 5815:, pp. 21–25. 5749:978-0-415-99194-0 5479:978-7-5037-6660-2 5406:978-7-5097-6302-5 5373:978-7-5097-6302-5 5340:978-7-5097-6290-5 5271:978-1-4262-0136-3 5242:978-7-5097-7316-1 5169:978-7-5097-7163-1 5120:978-7-5097-6290-5 5087:978-93-90752-73-7 5053:978-1-136-79793-4 5019:978-7-5097-7191-4 4986:978-7-5051-0240-8 4953:978-1-136-33550-1 4878:978-0-8021-1827-1 4814:978-1-4019-6258-6 4768:978-0-9872094-4-3 4733:978-90-04-12866-8 4682:978-90-04-17788-8 4523:978-1-136-78861-1 4429:978-7-5097-5179-4 4086:, passes through 3910:altitude sickness 3876:, the capital of 3698:Norbulingkha Road 3392:Lhasa Zhol Pillar 3382:as seen from the 2910: 2909: 2861:possible sunshine 2766:relative humidity 2121: 2120: 2033:Togdê Subdistrict 1997: 1841:Jíbēnggǎng Jiēdào 1692:Brahmaputra River 1592:Guāndì miào (關帝廟) 1571:Of the 22 parks ( 1531:Tsepon Shargyalpa 1453:Ippolito Desideri 1261:Princess Wencheng 1228:Brahmaputra River 1071:, officially the 1064: 1063: 1056: 1055: 996: 995: 967:Yale Romanization 904:Standard Mandarin 842: 841: 834: 833: 743: 742: 677:Standard Mandarin 624: 623: 558:Standard Mandarin 482: 481: 285:Autonomous region 229:Show map of China 196:Show map of Tibet 193:Location in Tibet 138:Drepung Monastery 9545: 9441: 9440: 9387:Nyainrong County 9009: 9008: 9002:Prefecture-level 8993: 8971: 8964: 8957: 8948: 8947: 8926:Tanggya Township 8882:Nyêtang Township 8764:Gyaidar Township 8724:Songpan Township 8665:Zangdog Township 8655:Tanggar Township 8650:Targyai Township 8491: 8484: 8477: 8468: 8467: 8425:Jinzhu West Road 8415:Norbulingka Road 8329:Banak Shöl Hotel 8243:Tibet University 8227:Lhasa Television 8096:Lhasa Auditorium 8056:Lhasa Racecourse 7980:Takten Hermitage 7935:Nenang Monastery 7930:Negodong Nunnery 7925:Khardo Hermitage 7900:Drakri Hermitage 7895:Chupzang Nunnery 7873:Reting Monastery 7838:Ganden Monastery 7687: 7680: 7604: 7603: 7581: 7574: 7567: 7558: 7557: 7536: 7528: 7510: 7484: 7464: 7371:ndia & Nepal 7299:Caravan to Lhasa 7162: 7160: 7158: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7059: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7011: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6994:www.tibetcul.com 6986: 6980: 6979: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6960:on 21 July 2011. 6956:. Archived from 6950: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6863: 6857: 6856: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6841:on 30 July 2014. 6829: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6539: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6454: 6445: 6430: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6331: 6325: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6253: 6247: 6232: 6226: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6188: 6185: 6179: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6153: 6147: 6144: 6138: 6131: 6125: 6110: 6104: 6089: 6083: 6069: 6063: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5996:on 24 March 2009 5992:. Archived from 5982: 5976: 5975: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5931:on 27 July 2008. 5927:. Archived from 5921: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5874: 5866: 5860: 5846: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5816: 5810: 5801: 5800: 5795:. Archived from 5785: 5779: 5776: 5770: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5710: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5682: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5627:. Archived from 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5539: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5516:. Archived from 5504: 5498: 5497: 5491: 5483: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5396:西藏园林植物生态环境效益定量研究 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5363:西藏园林植物生态环境效益定量研究 5358: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5302: 5292: 5283: 5280: 5274: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5227: 5221: 5218: 5212: 5204: 5198: 5189:Robert Barnett, 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4976:共和国相册, 1949-1998 4971: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4937: 4931: 4924: 4918: 4908: 4902: 4890: 4881: 4866: 4857: 4856: 4850: 4848: 4843:. Study Buddhism 4832: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4736: 4721: 4715: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4685:. Archived from 4663: 4654: 4644: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4612: 4605: 4599: 4592: 4586: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4564: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4492: 4485: 4479: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4398:on 3 August 2020 4394:. Archived from 4384: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4347:. Archived from 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4310: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4285: 4264: 4263: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4222:Standard Tibetan 4219: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4193: 4012:Ngari Prefecture 3878:Qinghai Province 3814:Tibet University 3792:Tibet University 3770:, there are the 3530:Sho Dun Festival 3441:), and Marpori ( 3378:Inner and outer 3340:retreat by King 3236:Tibet University 3217:Banak Shöl Hotel 3203:air conditioning 3191:Banak Shöl Hotel 3140: 3080:animal husbandry 3063: 3054: 2676: 2197: 2196: 2145: 2136: 2109: 2108: 2099: 2079: 2078: 2069: 2049: 2048: 2039: 2019: 2018: 2012:Ngaqên Tromzhung 2009: 1995: 1987: 1986: 1977: 1957: 1956: 1947: 1927: 1926: 1917: 1901:Gōngdélín Jiēdào 1897: 1896: 1887: 1867: 1866: 1860:Chabxi Tromzhung 1857: 1837: 1836: 1827: 1807: 1806: 1800:Gyirai Tromzhung 1797: 1777: 1776: 1770:Pargor Tromzhung 1767: 1729: 1728: 1702:to the east and 1539:Battle of Chamdo 1470:Qianlong Emperor 1466:riot in the city 1263:of the Imperial 1182: 1181: 1175: 1166: 1157:Tibetan language 1155:, place) in the 1154: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1111:Tibetan Buddhist 1052: 1051: 1038: 1037: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1014: 992: 991: 990: 975: 974: 961: 960: 959:Chʻeng-kuan Chʻü 947: 946: 933: 932: 919: 918: 895: 894: 889: 888: 875: 874: 844: 843: 830: 829: 813: 812: 799: 798: 785: 784: 768: 767: 762: 761: 739: 738: 737: 722: 721: 720: 706: 705: 692: 691: 668: 667: 662: 661: 648: 647: 620: 619: 618: 603: 602: 601: 587: 586: 573: 572: 549: 548: 535: 534: 521: 520: 500: 484: 483: 478: 475: 472: 470: 468: 269: 268: 266: 265: 264: 259: 255: 252: 251: 250: 247: 230: 216: 215: 209: 197: 183: 182: 176: 148: 134: 118: 104: 88: 56: 52: 48: 47: 37: 36: 9553: 9552: 9548: 9547: 9546: 9544: 9543: 9542: 9513: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9501:as part of the 9487: 9426: 9422:Shuanghu County 9407:Baingoin County 9358: 9323:Qonggyai County 9297:Nêdong District 9283: 9231: 9202:Zhag'yab County 9163: 9104:Ngamring County 9060: 9036:Lhünzhub County 9003: 8996: 8984: 8975: 8945: 8940: 8886: 8842: 8833:Toinba Township 8823:Paggor Township 8788: 8733: 8729:Tanggo Township 8719:Qangka Township 8714:Poindo Township 8675:Lhünzhub County 8669: 8645:Bomtoi Township 8625: 8577: 8504: 8495: 8465: 8460: 8439: 8348: 8324:Cisongtang Park 8302: 8231: 8115: 8041:Labrang Nyingba 7994:Other landmarks 7989: 7878:Sanga Monastery 7800: 7794: 7705:Chundui (Codoi) 7688: 7682: 7681: 7668: 7630: 7599: 7590: 7585: 7543: 7523: 7482: 7480:Wayback Machine 7457: 7406: 7404:Further reading 7401: 7236:Daily Telegraph 7156: 7154: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7047: 7042: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7012: 7008: 6998: 6996: 6988: 6987: 6983: 6970: 6969: 6965: 6952: 6951: 6947: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6886:Li, Q. (2017). 6884: 6880: 6875:. 9 April 2015. 6865: 6864: 6860: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6835: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6796: 6792: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6735: 6733: 6723: 6719: 6711: 6707: 6694: 6693: 6689: 6676: 6675: 6671: 6661: 6659: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6540: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6482: 6481: 6477: 6467: 6465: 6464:on 26 July 2011 6456: 6455: 6448: 6431: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6394: 6390: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6360: 6356: 6346: 6344: 6332: 6328: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6298: 6288: 6286: 6285:on 19 July 2011 6277: 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6255: 6254: 6250: 6233: 6229: 6204: 6200: 6195: 6191: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6154: 6150: 6145: 6141: 6132: 6128: 6111: 6107: 6090: 6086: 6070: 6066: 6047: 6045: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5990:Carlsberg Group 5984: 5983: 5979: 5966: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5949:on 17 July 2011 5941: 5940: 5936: 5925:"Lonely Planet" 5923: 5922: 5918: 5908: 5906: 5905:on 30 July 2012 5897: 5896: 5892: 5882: 5880: 5867: 5863: 5857:Wayback Machine 5847: 5843: 5835: 5831: 5823: 5819: 5811: 5804: 5793:www.lasa.gov.cn 5787: 5786: 5782: 5777: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5734: 5730: 5719: 5701: 5697: 5684: 5683: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5634: 5632: 5621: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5574: 5572: 5566: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5533: 5523: 5521: 5510: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5471: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5442: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5427:Subramanya 2004 5425: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5360: 5359: 5355: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5293: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5261: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5229: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5201: 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5154: 5150: 5139: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5072: 5068: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5038: 5034: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4938: 4934: 4925: 4921: 4909: 4905: 4900:Wayback Machine 4891: 4884: 4867: 4860: 4846: 4844: 4833: 4829: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4799: 4795: 4790: 4783: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4709: 4698: 4694: 4683: 4667:Shakabpa, W. D. 4664: 4657: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4606: 4602: 4593: 4589: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4495: 4486: 4482: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4401: 4399: 4386: 4385: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4351:on 18 May 2021. 4332: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4313:Cox, W (2018). 4311: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4267: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4185: 4177:The Lhasa Atlas 4148: 4128: 4104: 4028: 3975: 3929:Nyingchi County 3866: 3850: 3788: 3733: 3657:) and Princess 3447:Avalokiteshvara 3326:14th Dalai Lama 3272: 3266: 3257:Carlsberg group 3148: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3099:highland barley 3075: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3056: 3055: 3044: 3027: 3003:Heinrich Harrer 2956: 2945:Woman with son 2916: 2911: 2674: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2138: 2137: 2126: 2097: 2067: 2042:Togdê Tromzhung 2037: 2007: 1975: 1961:Liǎngdǎo Jiēdào 1945: 1915: 1885: 1855: 1825: 1795: 1765: 1704:Lhünzhub County 1676: 1664:Nyainqêntanglha 1652:Tibetan Plateau 1616: 1502:negotiated the 1378:Ganden Phodrang 1337:monasteries by 1285:Akshobhya Vajra 1277:Ramoche Temples 1201: 1131: 1095:Tibetan Plateau 1066: 1065: 1012: 945:Cherngguan Chiu 939:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 759: 718: 599: 540:Literal meaning 476: 465: 445: 262: 260: 256: 253: 248: 245: 243: 241: 240: 234: 233: 232: 231: 228: 227: 224: 223: 222: 221: 217: 200: 199: 198: 195: 194: 191: 190: 189: 188: 184: 158: 157: 156: 155: 154: 149: 141: 140: 135: 126: 125: 124: 119: 111: 110: 105: 96: 95: 94: 89: 69: 60: 57: 54: 50: 49: 42: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9551: 9541: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9508: 9507: 9496: 9493: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9473:Gê'gyai County 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9449: 9447: 9438: 9432: 9431: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9368: 9366: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9356: 9354:Nagarzê County 9351: 9348:Lhuntse County 9345: 9340: 9338:Lhozhag County 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9313:Gonggar County 9310: 9308:Zhanang County 9305: 9299: 9293: 9291: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9281: 9275: 9269: 9264: 9258: 9253: 9247: 9241: 9239: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9229: 9224: 9222:Lhorong County 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9197:Dêngqên County 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9177:Karub District 9173: 9171: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9144:Gyirong County 9141: 9136: 9134:Zhongba County 9131: 9129:Dinggyê County 9126: 9124:Kangmar County 9121: 9119:Rinbung County 9116: 9114:Bainang County 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9084:Gyangzê County 9081: 9079:Namling County 9076: 9070: 9068: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9041:Damxung County 9038: 9033: 9031:Dagzê District 9028: 9023: 9017: 9015: 9006: 8998: 8997: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8974: 8973: 8966: 8959: 8951: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8933: 8931:Zaxoi Township 8928: 8923: 8921:Rutog Township 8918: 8913: 8911:Mamba Township 8908: 8906:Gyama Township 8903: 8896: 8894: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8872:Dagar Township 8869: 8864: 8862:Caina Township 8859: 8852: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8840: 8838:Xumai Township 8835: 8830: 8828:Pusum Township 8825: 8820: 8818:Nyêmo Township 8815: 8810: 8808:Karru Township 8805: 8798: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8774:Namco Township 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8750: 8743: 8741: 8739:Damxung County 8735: 8734: 8732: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8704:Karzê Township 8701: 8696: 8694:Codoi Township 8691: 8686: 8679: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8635: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8623: 8618: 8616:Gurum Township 8613: 8611:Dêqên Township 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8587: 8585: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8514: 8512: 8506: 8505: 8494: 8493: 8486: 8479: 8471: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8458: 8453: 8447: 8445: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8356: 8354: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8310: 8308: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8239: 8237: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8123: 8121: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8036:Samdrup Pohang 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8011:Drapchi Prison 8008: 8003: 7997: 7995: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7960:Sera Monastery 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7890:Sera Monastery 7886: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7868:Ramoche Temple 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7804: 7802: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7696: 7694: 7690: 7689: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7666: 7664:Maizhokunggar 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7640: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7612: 7610: 7601: 7592: 7591: 7584: 7583: 7576: 7569: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7521: 7504: 7499: 7490: 7485: 7470: 7456: 7455:External links 7453: 7452: 7451: 7426: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7385: 7363: 7349: 7342: 7327: 7312: 7294: 7271: 7264: 7246: 7239: 7232: 7225:Jianqiang, Liu 7222: 7215: 7200: 7177: 7163: 7139: 7126: 7111: 7098: 7083: 7070: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7026: 7006: 6981: 6963: 6945: 6931: 6912: 6898: 6878: 6858: 6844: 6824: 6810: 6790: 6776: 6757: 6754:. 7 June 2017. 6743: 6717: 6705: 6687: 6682:www.moe.gov.cn 6669: 6657:www.moe.gov.cn 6644: 6630: 6611: 6586: 6572: 6553: 6546:(1 ed.). 6527: 6516:on 7 July 2011 6501: 6490:on 4 June 2010 6484:"Tibet Museum" 6475: 6446: 6422: 6408: 6388: 6374: 6354: 6326: 6305: 6296: 6270: 6248: 6227: 6198: 6189: 6180: 6171: 6148: 6139: 6126: 6105: 6091:Keith Dowman. 6084: 6064: 6056:Sera Monastery 6033: 6022:on 6 July 2009 6007: 5977: 5960: 5934: 5916: 5890: 5861: 5841: 5839:, p. 117. 5829: 5817: 5802: 5780: 5771: 5762: 5748: 5728: 5717: 5695: 5668: 5642: 5610: 5596:(in Chinese). 5582: 5555: 5531: 5512:(in Chinese). 5499: 5478: 5459: 5431: 5429:, p. 486. 5419: 5405: 5386: 5372: 5353: 5339: 5320: 5313: 5284: 5275: 5255: 5241: 5232:西藏藏族人口相关数据分析研究 5222: 5213: 5199: 5182: 5168: 5148: 5133: 5119: 5100: 5086: 5066: 5052: 5032: 5018: 4999: 4985: 4966: 4952: 4932: 4919: 4903: 4882: 4858: 4827: 4813: 4793: 4781: 4767: 4746: 4737: 4716: 4707: 4692: 4681: 4655: 4622: 4613: 4600: 4587: 4574: 4565: 4536: 4522: 4502: 4493: 4480: 4467: 4442: 4428: 4409: 4376: 4365:. China.org.cn 4354: 4325: 4302: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4250: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4167:Mustang, Nepal 4164: 4159: 4154: 4147: 4144: 4127: 4124: 4103: 4100: 4088:Caina Township 4070:, and then to 4027: 4024: 4004:Tibet Airlines 3974: 3971: 3944:New Jalpaiguri 3915:Lhasa is also 3865: 3862: 3849: 3846: 3787: 3784: 3732: 3729: 3669:Ramoche Temple 3647:Songtsan Gampo 3582:Ramoche Temple 3549:Jokhang Temple 3506:Jokhang Square 3459:Lobsang Gyatso 3451:medical school 3404:Trisong Detsen 3342:Songtsen Gampo 3318:Avalokitesvara 3295:Sera Monastery 3291:Jokhang Temple 3268:Main article: 3265: 3262: 3252:Sera Monastery 3159:, and loss of 3142: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3131: 3068: 3067: 3058: 3057: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3026: 3023: 2955: 2952: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2814:sunshine hours 2809: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2761: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2195: 2150: 2149: 2140: 2139: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2113:Niángrè Jiēdào 2110: 2103: 2100: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2085: 2080: 2073: 2070: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2043: 2040: 2035: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2020: 2013: 2010: 2005: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1981: 1978: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1951: 1948: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1928: 1921: 1918: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1898: 1891: 1888: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1868: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1838: 1831: 1828: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1808: 1801: 1798: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1778: 1771: 1768: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1741:Tibetan Pinyin 1738: 1733: 1708:Gonggar County 1706:to the north. 1675: 1674:Administration 1672: 1615: 1612: 1581:7th Dalai Lama 1413:Avalokiteśvara 1406:Mount Potalaka 1362:Lobsang Gyatso 1328:Tibetan Muslim 1324:Jokhang Temple 1316:5th Dalai Lama 1289:Jowo Sakyamuni 1281:Buddha statues 1241:Chongye County 1219:Tibetan Empire 1215:Songtsen Gampo 1208:Songtsen Gampo 1200: 1197: 1130: 1127: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1046: 1044:Tibetan Pinyin 1040: 1039: 1036:khrin kon chus 1032: 1026: 1025: 1024:Transcriptions 1017: 1016: 1009: 1003: 1002: 998: 997: 994: 993: 983: 977: 976: 973:Chénggwān Chyū 969: 963: 962: 955: 949: 948: 941: 935: 934: 927: 921: 920: 913: 907: 906: 900: 899: 898:Transcriptions 891: 890: 883: 877: 876: 864: 858: 857: 853: 852: 849: 848: 840: 839: 836: 835: 832: 831: 824: 815: 814: 807: 805:Tibetan Pinyin 801: 800: 793: 787: 786: 779: 773: 772: 771:Transcriptions 764: 763: 756: 750: 749: 745: 744: 741: 740: 730: 724: 723: 714: 708: 707: 700: 694: 693: 686: 680: 679: 673: 672: 671:Transcriptions 664: 663: 656: 650: 649: 637: 631: 630: 626: 625: 622: 621: 611: 605: 604: 595: 589: 588: 581: 575: 574: 567: 561: 560: 554: 553: 552:Transcriptions 545: 544: 541: 537: 536: 529: 523: 522: 513: 507: 506: 502: 501: 493: 492: 489: 488: 480: 479: 463: 459: 458: 453: 447: 446: 443: 441: 435: 434: 431:China Standard 424: 418: 417: 408: 404: 403: 386: 382: 381: 378: 371: 370: 367: 363: 362: 359: 352: 351: 347: 346: 343: 339: 338: 335: 331: 330: 327: 320: 319: 315: 314: 309: 305: 304: 299: 293: 292: 287: 281: 280: 275: 271: 270: 236: 235: 225: 219: 218: 211: 210: 204: 203: 202: 201: 192: 186: 185: 178: 177: 171: 170: 169: 168: 167: 164: 163: 160: 159: 150: 143: 142: 136: 129: 128: 127: 120: 113: 112: 108:Jokhang Temple 106: 99: 98: 97: 90: 83: 82: 81: 80: 79: 76: 75: 71: 70: 65: 62: 61: 58: 43: 40: 33: 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9550: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9504: 9500: 9494: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9478:Gertse County 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9463:Tsamda County 9461: 9459: 9458:Purang County 9456: 9454: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9433: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9397:Xainza County 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9372:Seni District 9370: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9361: 9355: 9352: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9318:Sangri County 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9286: 9279: 9276: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9245:Bayi District 9243: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9234: 9228: 9227:Banbar County 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9217:Markam County 9215: 9213: 9212:Zogang County 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9192:Riwoqê County 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9166: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9149:Nyalam County 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9139:Yadong County 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9099:Lhatse County 9097: 9095: 9094:Sa'gya County 9092: 9090: 9089:Tingri County 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9063: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9014: 9010: 9007: 9005: 8999: 8992: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8972: 8967: 8965: 8960: 8958: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8901: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8889: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8857: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8845: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8791: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8751: 8748: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8736: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8683:Gandainqoikor 8681: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8628: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8492: 8487: 8485: 8480: 8478: 8473: 8472: 8469: 8457: 8456:Jigme Namgyal 8454: 8452: 8449: 8448: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8360:Lhasa Airport 8358: 8357: 8355: 8351: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8314:Chagpori Park 8312: 8311: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8283:Lhasa Library 8281: 8279: 8278:Tibet Library 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8234: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8152:Tibet Stadium 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8118: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7992: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7818:Potala Palace 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7691: 7686: 7679: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7582: 7577: 7575: 7570: 7568: 7563: 7562: 7559: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7534: 7533: 7527: 7526:"Lhasa" 7522: 7519: 7518: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7481: 7477: 7474: 7471: 7468: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7432: 7427: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7398: 7397:962-7049-08-5 7394: 7390: 7386: 7384: 7383:962-7049-07-7 7380: 7376: 7372: 7369:. Vol. One: I 7368: 7364: 7362: 7361:962-7049-01-8 7358: 7354: 7350: 7348:– Lhasa Intro 7347: 7343: 7340: 7339:0-906026-25-3 7336: 7332: 7328: 7325: 7324:0-500-54068-3 7321: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7309:99946-58-91-3 7306: 7302: 7300: 7295: 7292: 7291:0-8047-0901-7 7288: 7284: 7283:0-8047-0806-1 7280: 7276: 7272: 7269: 7265: 7262: 7261:0-87773-376-7 7258: 7254: 7250: 7247: 7244: 7240: 7237: 7233: 7230: 7229:chinadialogue 7226: 7223: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7212:0-7102-1370-0 7209: 7205: 7201: 7198: 7197:0-8442-2190-2 7194: 7190: 7189:1-900949-33-4 7186: 7182: 7178: 7176: 7175:81-86230-17-3 7172: 7168: 7164: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7140: 7129: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7112: 7101: 7095: 7091: 7090: 7084: 7073: 7067: 7063: 7058: 7057: 7050: 7049: 7029: 7023: 7019: 7018: 7010: 6995: 6991: 6985: 6977: 6973: 6967: 6959: 6955: 6949: 6934: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6916: 6901: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6882: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6862: 6854: 6848: 6840: 6836: 6828: 6813: 6807: 6803: 6802: 6794: 6779: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6761: 6753: 6747: 6732: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6709: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6683: 6679: 6673: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6633: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6615: 6600: 6596: 6590: 6575: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6563:中国民间歌舞音乐(修订版) 6557: 6550:. p. 17. 6549: 6545: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6515: 6511: 6505: 6489: 6485: 6479: 6463: 6459: 6453: 6451: 6443: 6442:0-7102-1370-0 6439: 6435: 6429: 6427: 6411: 6405: 6401: 6400: 6392: 6377: 6371: 6367: 6366: 6358: 6343: 6342: 6341:The Economist 6337: 6330: 6323: 6322:0-7102-1370-0 6319: 6315: 6309: 6300: 6284: 6280: 6279:"Norbulingka" 6274: 6259:. Tibet Tours 6258: 6252: 6245: 6244:0-7102-1370-0 6241: 6237: 6231: 6224: 6223:0-8047-0901-7 6220: 6216: 6215:0-8047-0806-1 6212: 6208: 6202: 6193: 6184: 6175: 6159: 6152: 6143: 6136: 6133:Stein, R. A. 6130: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6109: 6102: 6101:0-7102-1370-0 6098: 6094: 6088: 6082: 6081:1-74059-523-8 6078: 6074: 6068: 6061: 6057: 6043: 6037: 6021: 6017: 6011: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5973: 5972: 5964: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5904: 5900: 5894: 5878: 5873: 5865: 5858: 5854: 5851: 5845: 5838: 5833: 5827:, p. 81. 5826: 5821: 5814: 5809: 5807: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5775: 5766: 5751: 5745: 5741: 5740: 5732: 5725: 5720: 5718:9780231510110 5714: 5709: 5708: 5699: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5614: 5599: 5595: 5586: 5571: 5567: 5559: 5544: 5538: 5536: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5503: 5495: 5489: 5481: 5475: 5463: 5447: 5443: 5435: 5428: 5423: 5408: 5402: 5398: 5397: 5390: 5375: 5369: 5365: 5364: 5357: 5342: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5324: 5316: 5314:0-231-13680-3 5310: 5306: 5301: 5300: 5291: 5289: 5279: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5244: 5238: 5234: 5233: 5226: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5192: 5186: 5171: 5165: 5161: 5160: 5156:等贺新元 (2015). 5152: 5144: 5137: 5122: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5104: 5089: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5070: 5055: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5036: 5021: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5003: 4988: 4982: 4978: 4977: 4970: 4955: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4936: 4929: 4923: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4889: 4887: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4863: 4855: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4805: 4797: 4788: 4786: 4770: 4764: 4760: 4759: 4750: 4741: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4711: 4703: 4696: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4652: 4651:81-208-1048-1 4648: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4631:Bell, Charles 4626: 4617: 4610: 4604: 4597: 4591: 4584: 4578: 4569: 4562: 4561:0-8047-0901-7 4558: 4554: 4553:0-8047-0806-1 4550: 4546: 4543:Stein, R. A. 4540: 4525: 4519: 4515: 4514: 4506: 4497: 4490: 4487:John Powers, 4484: 4477: 4471: 4455: 4454: 4446: 4431: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4413: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4381: 4364: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4340: 4335: 4329: 4318: 4317: 4309: 4307: 4290: 4284: 4280: 4259: 4254: 4244:Place of Gods 4231: 4223: 4217: 4192: 4188: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4130:In 2014, the 4123: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4092:Qushui County 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3970: 3968: 3967:Mount Everest 3963: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3858: 3854: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3779: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3737: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3720:Khache Lingka 3716: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3699: 3694: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3670: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3643:Padmasambhava 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3623:architectural 3620: 3617: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3597:Potala Palace 3594: 3589: 3580: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3464: 3463:Sangye Gyatso 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3437:), Pongwari ( 3436: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3384:Potala Palace 3381: 3376: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3354:Lozang Gyatso 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3310:Potala Palace 3306: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3287:Potala Palace 3281: 3280:Potala Palace 3276: 3271: 3261: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3157:acidification 3154: 3139: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3069:Left: Barkhor 3062: 3053: 3039: 3037: 3031: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2948: 2943: 2936: 2932: 2925: 2920: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812:Mean monthly 2810: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2671: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2602: 2601:precipitation 2597: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2203: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2144: 2135: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2104: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2074: 2071: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2014: 2011: 2006: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1982: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1952: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1922: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1892: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1862: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1832: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1772: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1698:to the west, 1697: 1693: 1689: 1680: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1645: 1640: 1633: 1632:Potala Palace 1628: 1620: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1398:Potrang Marpo 1395: 1394:winter palace 1391: 1387: 1386:Potrang Karpo 1383: 1382:Potala Palace 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1339:Je Tsongkhapa 1336: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320:Padmasambhava 1317: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1305:interpolation 1302: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253:Potala Palace 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237:Taktsé Castle 1234: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1209: 1205: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1176: 1170: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1142: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1115:Potala Palace 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1059: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1013:ཁྲིན་ཀོན་ཆུས། 1010: 1008: 1004: 999: 989: 984: 982: 978: 970: 968: 964: 956: 954: 950: 942: 940: 936: 928: 926: 922: 914: 912: 908: 905: 901: 896: 892: 884: 882: 878: 873: 870: 865: 863: 859: 854: 850: 845: 837: 825: 823: 820: 816: 808: 806: 802: 794: 792: 788: 780: 778: 774: 769: 765: 757: 755: 751: 746: 736: 731: 729: 725: 715: 713: 709: 701: 699: 695: 687: 685: 681: 678: 674: 669: 665: 657: 655: 651: 646: 643: 638: 636: 632: 627: 617: 612: 610: 606: 596: 594: 590: 582: 580: 576: 568: 566: 562: 559: 555: 550: 546: 542: 538: 530: 528: 524: 519: 514: 512: 508: 503: 499: 494: 490: 485: 474: 464: 460: 457: 454: 452: 448: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 425: 423: 419: 416: 412: 409: 405: 402: 398: 394: 390: 387: 383: 379: 377: 374: • 372: 368: 364: 360: 358: 355: • 353: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 326: 323: • 321: 316: 313: 310: 308:District seat 306: 303: 300: 298: 294: 291: 288: 286: 282: 279: 276: 272: 267: 237: 226:Lhasa (China) 208: 175: 165: 161: 153: 147: 139: 133: 123: 117: 109: 103: 93: 92:Potala Palace 87: 77: 72: 68: 63: 51:ཁྲིན་ཀོན་ཆུས། 38: 32: 26: 22: 9483:Coqên County 9468:Rutog County 9417:Nyima County 9412:Baqên County 9377:Lhari County 9343:Gyaca County 9333:Comai County 9328:Qusum County 9272:Zayul County 9261:Mêdog County 9207:Baxoi County 9187:Gonjo County 9182:Jomda County 9159:Kamba County 9046:Nyêmo County 9020: 8877:Nam Township 8794:Nyêmo County 8660:Xog Township 8621:Mar Township 8583:Doilungdêqên 8509: 8420:Jiangsu Road 8137:Tibet Museum 8081:Lhalu Pohang 7905:Garu Nunnery 7799:Monasteries 7755:Niu New Area 7621:Doilungdêqên 7615: 7530: 7516: 7483:(in Chinese) 7429: 7410: 7388: 7374: 7373:; Vol. Two: 7370: 7366: 7352: 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Retrieved 7151: 7147: 7131:. Retrieved 7116: 7103:. Retrieved 7088: 7075:. Retrieved 7055: 7031:. Retrieved 7016: 7009: 6997:. Retrieved 6993: 6984: 6975: 6966: 6958:the original 6948: 6936:. Retrieved 6921: 6915: 6903:. Retrieved 6888: 6881: 6872:The Guardian 6870: 6861: 6847: 6839:the original 6827: 6815:. Retrieved 6800: 6793: 6781:. Retrieved 6766: 6760: 6746: 6734:. Retrieved 6730: 6720: 6708: 6699: 6690: 6681: 6672: 6660:. Retrieved 6656: 6647: 6635:. Retrieved 6620: 6614: 6602:. Retrieved 6598: 6589: 6577:. Retrieved 6562: 6556: 6543: 6518:. Retrieved 6514:the original 6504: 6492:. Retrieved 6488:the original 6478: 6466:. Retrieved 6462:the original 6433: 6413:. Retrieved 6398: 6391: 6379:. Retrieved 6364: 6357: 6345:. Retrieved 6339: 6329: 6313: 6308: 6299: 6287:. Retrieved 6283:the original 6273: 6261:. Retrieved 6251: 6235: 6230: 6206: 6201: 6192: 6183: 6174: 6162:. Retrieved 6151: 6142: 6134: 6129: 6113: 6108: 6092: 6087: 6072: 6067: 6046:. Retrieved 6036: 6026:27 September 6024:. Retrieved 6020:the original 6010: 6000:27 September 5998:. Retrieved 5994:the original 5980: 5974:. Asia, Inc. 5970: 5963: 5953:27 September 5951:. Retrieved 5947:the original 5937: 5929:the original 5919: 5907:. Retrieved 5903:the original 5893: 5881:. Retrieved 5864: 5844: 5832: 5825:Johnson 2011 5820: 5797:the original 5792: 5783: 5774: 5765: 5753:. Retrieved 5738: 5731: 5722: 5706: 5698: 5690:theodora.com 5689: 5659:. Retrieved 5654: 5645: 5633:. Retrieved 5629:the original 5613: 5601:. Retrieved 5585: 5573:. Retrieved 5558: 5546:. Retrieved 5522:. Retrieved 5518:the original 5502: 5462: 5450:. Retrieved 5446:stats.gov.cn 5445: 5434: 5422: 5410:. Retrieved 5395: 5389: 5377:. Retrieved 5362: 5356: 5344:. Retrieved 5329: 5323: 5298: 5278: 5262: 5258: 5246:. Retrieved 5231: 5225: 5216: 5208: 5202: 5190: 5185: 5173:. Retrieved 5158: 5151: 5142: 5136: 5124:. Retrieved 5109: 5103: 5091:. Retrieved 5076: 5069: 5057:. Retrieved 5042: 5035: 5023:. Retrieved 5009:西藏历代的边事边政与边吏 5008: 5002: 4990:. Retrieved 4975: 4969: 4957:. Retrieved 4942: 4935: 4927: 4922: 4914: 4906: 4869: 4852: 4845:. Retrieved 4840: 4830: 4818:. Retrieved 4803: 4796: 4772:. Retrieved 4756: 4749: 4740: 4724: 4719: 4710: 4701: 4695: 4687:the original 4671: 4641:the original 4635: 4625: 4616: 4608: 4603: 4595: 4590: 4582: 4577: 4568: 4563:pbk., p. 59. 4544: 4539: 4527:. Retrieved 4512: 4505: 4496: 4488: 4483: 4475: 4470: 4458:. Retrieved 4452: 4445: 4433:. Retrieved 4418: 4412: 4400:. Retrieved 4396:the original 4391: 4367:. Retrieved 4357: 4349:the original 4337: 4328: 4315: 4293:. Retrieved 4283: 4253: 4191: 4129: 4105: 4037: 3991: 3986: 3964: 3937: 3914: 3886:Beijing West 3867: 3844:initiative. 3812: 3789: 3761: 3742: 3719: 3717: 3702: 3693:Tibet Museum 3690: 3679:Tibet Museum 3667: 3635:Tang dynasty 3585: 3572: 3557:State Oracle 3542: 3517: 3485:prostrations 3467: 3422: 3389: 3380:Zhol Village 3350:Tang dynasty 3324:. After the 3307: 3284: 3245: 3240:Tibetan rugs 3225: 3210: 3195: 3177:Central Asia 3153:soil erosion 3149: 3111:solar energy 3096: 3076: 3032: 3028: 3019: 3013:position of 3011: 2984: 2979: 2966: 2959: 2957: 2924:prayer wheel 2914:Demographics 2603:mm (inches) 2190: 2178: 2166: 2156: 2112: 2082: 2053:Duóde Jiēdào 2052: 2023:Nàjīn Jiēdào 2022: 1990: 1960: 1930: 1900: 1870: 1840: 1810: 1781:Bākuò Jiēdào 1780: 1724: 1712: 1700:Dagzê County 1685: 1649: 1608: 1589: 1572: 1570: 1563: 1520: 1486: 1458:Qing dynasty 1446: 1437:Pargo Kaling 1431:called this 1397: 1390:White Palace 1385: 1373: 1355: 1332: 1313: 1297: 1226: 1212: 1188: 1172: 1132: 1092: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1001:Tibetan name 917:Chéngguān Qū 911:Hanyu Pinyin 856:Chinese name 748:Tibetan name 684:Hanyu Pinyin 565:Hanyu Pinyin 505:Chinese name 477:(in Chinese) 31: 21:Lhasa (city) 9528:Holy cities 9503:South Tibet 9392:Amdo County 9382:Biru County 9278:Nang County 9267:Pome County 9154:Saga County 9051:Qüxü County 8848:Qüxü County 8451:Doje Cezhug 8339:Tibet Hotel 8334:Lhasa Hotel 8021:Tromzikhang 7833:Tsomon Ling 7823:Norbulingka 7801:and palaces 7157:12 February 7133:17 February 7105:17 February 7077:17 February 6048:10 February 5548:21 February 5143:中国城市年鉴 1994 4911:Stein, R. A 4419:古城拉萨市区历史地名考 4157:McLeod Ganj 4140:Luban Prize 3960:South Asian 3952:West Bengal 3838:Project 211 3713:Jiang Zemin 3621:tiles. The 3565:Tromzikhang 3525:Dalai Lamas 3520:Norbulingka 3455:Mentsikhang 3418:Norbulingka 3406:'s father, 3332:during the 3299:Norbulingka 3198:Lhasa Hotel 3169:Norbulingka 3101:and winter 1871:Zāxì Jiēdào 1811:Jírì Jiēdào 1688:Lhasa River 1656:Lhasa River 1577:Norbulingka 1410:Bodhisattva 1374:Lhasa state 1123:Norbulingka 1121:Temple and 1050:Chingoin Qü 439:Postal code 261: / 152:The Barkhor 9517:Categories 9453:Gar County 9436:Prefecture 9402:Sog County 8753:Yangbajain 8444:Government 8026:Nyang bran 7780:Yangbajain 7423:C. 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