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Tibet Autonomous Region

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4090:. In 2011, Tibet's GDP topped 60.5 billion yuan (US$ 9.60 billion), nearly more than seven times as big as the 11.78 billion yuan (US$ 1.47 billion) in 2000. Economic growth since the beginning of the 21st century has averaged over 10 percent a year. By 2023, its gross domestic product (GDP) stood at nearly 239.3 billion yuan (about 33.6 billion U.S. dollars), adding that the growth rates of the region's major economic indicators, including per capita disposable income, fixed asset investment, and total retail sales of consumer goods, all ranked first in China. The added value of the service sector accounted for 54.1 percent and contributed a 57.6 percent share to economic growth. Investment in fixed assets also grew rapidly last year, with investment in infrastructure up by 34.8 percent and investment in areas related to people's livelihoods up by 31.8 percent. Its GDP grew by an annual average of 9.5 percent from 2012 to 2023, about 3 percentage points higher than the China’s national average. 191: 2013: 2353: 3744: 4374: 1680: 172: 3885: 4360: 1669: 541: 566: 7167: 1429: 2711: 1547: 2721: 7990: 4346: 2111:(Byang sang) or 'Northern Plateau' by the people of Tibet. It is 1,100 km (680 mi) broad and covers an area about equal to that of France. Due to its great distance from the ocean it is extremely arid and possesses no river outlet. The mountain ranges are spread out, rounded, disconnected, and separated by relatively flat valleys. 2150:, which are widely distributed between the Himalaya and 34° N, but are most numerous to the west of Tengri Nor (north-west of Lhasa). So intense is the cold in this part of Tibet that these springs are sometimes represented by columns of ice, the nearly boiling water having frozen in the act of ejection. 4120:
contributed more than half of its GDP growth, the first time it surpassed the area's primary industry. Rich reserves of natural resources and raw materials have yet to lead to the creation of a strong secondary sector, due in large part to the province's inhospitable terrain, low population density,
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According to estimates from the International Religious Freedom Report of 2012, most Tibetans (who comprise 91% of the population of the Tibet Autonomous Region) are adherents of Tibetan Buddhism, while a minority of 400,000 people are followers the native Bon or folk religions which share the image
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Most ethnic Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism, although a sizeable minority practices Bon, an indigenous religion, and very small minorities practice Islam, Catholicism, or Protestantism. Some scholars estimate that there are as many as 400,000 Bon followers across the Tibetan Plateau. Scholars
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to 2003, life expectancy in Tibet increased from thirty-six years to sixty-seven years with infant mortality and absolute poverty declining steadily. The average life expectancy in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) reached 72.19 years by 2021, compared to 35.5 years recorded in 1951, the death rate of
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where 300,000 nomads were resettled, is called "Comfortable Housing", which is part of the "Build a New Socialist Countryside" program. Its effect on Tibetan culture has been criticized by exiles and human rights groups. Finding employment is difficult for relocated persons who have only agrarian
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Beginning in 2006, 280,000 Tibetans who lived in traditional villages and as nomadic herdsmen have been forcefully relocated into villages and towns. In those areas, new housing was built and existing houses were remodelled to serve a total of 2 million people. Those living in substandard housing
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in the river region. On the south the Tibet AR is bounded by the Himalayas, and on the north by a broad mountain system. The system at no point narrows to a single range; generally there are three or four across its breadth. As a whole the system forms the watershed between rivers flowing to the
5911:, September 2008: "from 1642 the Ganden Potrang, the official seat of the government in Drepung Monastery, came to symbolize the supreme power in both the theory and practice of a theocratic government. This was indeed a political triumph that Buddhism had never known in its history in Tibet." 3507:. According to tradition the original ancestors of the Tibetan people, as represented by the six red bands in the Tibetan flag, are: the Se, Mu, Dong, Tong, Dru and Ra. Other traditional ethnic groups with significant population or with the majority of the ethnic group reside in Tibet include 1931:
in 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India and renounced the Seventeen Point Agreement. During the 1950s and 1960s, Western-dispatched insurgents were parachuted into Tibet, almost all of whom were captured and killed. The establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1965 made Tibet a
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is formed by the Yarlung Tsangpo River during its middle reaches, where it travels from west to east. The valley is approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) long and 300 km (190 mi) wide. The valley descends from 4,500 m (14,760 ft) above sea level to 2,800 m
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among any of the Chinese province-level administrative regions, mostly due to its harsh and rugged terrain. In 2022, only 37.4 percent of Tibet's population was urban, with 63.4 being rural, amongst the lowest in China, though this is significantly up from 22.6 percent in 2011.
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to Lhasa was completed on 12 October 2005. It opened to regular trial service on 1 July 2006. Five pairs of passenger trains run between Golmud and Lhasa, with connections onward to Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xining and Lanzhou. The line includes the
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Physically, the Tibet AR may be divided into two parts: the lakes region in the west and north-west and the river region, which spreads out on three sides of the former on the east, south and west. Both regions receive limited amounts of rainfall as they lie in the
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The Tibet Autonomous Region is a province-level entity of the People's Republic of China. Chinese law nominally guarantees some autonomy in the areas of education and language policy. Like other subdivisions of China, routine administration is carried out by a
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The current borders of the Tibet Autonomous Region were generally established in the 18th century and include about half of historical Tibet. The Tibet Autonomous Region spans over 1,200,000 km (460,000 sq mi), and is the second-largest
1513:. Due to its harsh and rugged terrain, it is sparsely populated at just over 3.6 million people with a population density of 3 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.8/sq mi), and is the least-populous autonomous region or province in China. 4282:
was expected to become the world's highest altitude airport, at 4,436 meters above sea level. However, in 2015 it was reported that construction of the airport has been delayed due to the necessity to develop higher technological standards.
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concerning the nature of Sino-Tibetan relations, some historians posit that Tibet under the Ganden Phodrang (1642–1951) was an independent state, albeit under various foreign suzerainties for much of this period, including by the
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published between 1910 and 1911, the total population of the Tibetan capital of Lhasa, including the lamas in the city and vicinity, was about 30,000, and the permanent population also included Chinese families (about 2,000).
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in 1720 through two military expeditions, the Qing put Tibet under its direct control by stationing a permanent garrison in Lhasa and appointing an Imperial Commissioner in Tibet to supervise the newly organized government
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administered by India as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region. It also claims some areas adjoining the Chumbi Valley that are recognised as Bhutan's territory, and some areas of eastern
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The Tibetans traditionally depended upon agriculture for survival. Since the 1980s, however, other jobs such as taxi-driving and hotel retail work have become available in the wake of
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were required to dismantle their houses and remodel them to government standards. Much of the expense was borne by the residents themselves, often through bank loans. The
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report stated that judicial standards in the Tibet Autonomous Region were not up to "international standards". The report charged the CCP government with keeping
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women in childbirth dropped to 38.63 per 100,000 in 2023 from 5,000 per 100,000 in 1951, the infant mortality rate fell to 5.37 per 1,000 from 430 per 1,000.
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visited Tibet in 1980 and 1982, he disagreed with what he viewed as heavy-handedness. Hu reduced the number of Han party cadre, and relaxed social controls.
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Xizang's GDP up 9.5 percent in 2023. https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/statistics/202401/23/content_WS65afbd1ac6d0868f4e8e36bf.html, January 23, 2024.
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based in northern India asserts that the PRC is promoting the migration of Han workers and soldiers to Tibet to marginalize and assimilate the locals.
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Xizang's maternal, infant mortality rates at record low, https://english.news.cn/20240412/6f2d26d6715c423f9ba2b089f6f0ffb6/c.html, April 12, 2024.
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in 618. By the end of the 8th century, the empire reached its greatest extent. After a civil war, the empire broke up in 842. The royal lineage
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Tibet's annual GDP growth reaches 9.5% over 10 years. http://english.scio.gov.cn/pressroom/2022-10/08/content_78454461.htm, October 8, 2022.
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policy was adopted in 2000 by the central government to boost economic development in western China, including the Tibet Autonomous Region.
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Winkler D. 2008 Yartsa gunbu (Cordyceps sinenis) and the fungal commodification of rural Tibet. Economic Botany 62.3. See also Hannue,
6008: 4413: 3901: 3801:, though in a different light. According to some reports, the government of China has been promoting the Bon religion, linking it with 2284: 2234: 1708: 6192: 2209:(9,190 ft). The mountains on either side of the valley are usually around 5,000 m (16,400 ft) high. Lakes here include 8910: 8494: 2230: 6817: 6334:
Life expectancy at record high in Tibet, https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202201/08/WS61d8d11da310cdd39bc7fd4d.html, January 8, 2022.
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connecting the Tibet Autonomous Region to Qinghai Province, there has been an "acceleration" of Han migration into the region. The
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in nominal). In 2022, Tibet's GDP per capita ranked 25th highest in China, as well as higher than any South Asian country except
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By 2022, the GDP of the region surpassed 213 billion yuan (US$ 31.7 billion in nominal), while GDP per capita reached CN¥58,438 (
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and the Brahmaputra are free from permafrost, covered with good soil and groves of trees, well irrigated, and richly cultivated.
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since its outspread in the 8th century AD. Before the arrival of Buddhism, the main religion among Tibetans was an indigenous
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Foreign tourists were first permitted to visit the Tibet Autonomous Region in the 1980s. While the main attraction is the
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This article is about the present-day autonomous region in China. For the country that existed from 1912 to 1951, see
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Change, Conflict and Continuity among a Community of Nomadic Pastoralist: A Case Study from Western Tibet, 1950–1990
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pass (on southern Tibet's border with India) should facilitate Sino-Indian border trade and boost Tibet's economy.
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in 1951, Tibet was ruled by a theocracy and had a caste-like social hierarchy. Human rights in Tibet prior to its
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administration of the Chinese dynastic government since the mid-18th century; they form parts of the provinces of
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Dingri, Tibet: Cornerstone Laying Ceremony being Grandly Held for the Reconstruction of Qomolangma Guandi Temple
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skills. Income shortfalls are offset by government support programs. It was announced that in 2011 that 20,000
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into the People's Republic of China differed considerably from those in the modern era. Due to tight control of
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in the Tibet Autonomous Region (12.2% of the total population) are recent migrants, because all of the Han were
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Location of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China (territory claimed by China but controlled by India is striped)
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also estimate that there are up to 5,000 ethnic Tibetan Muslims and 700 ethnic Tibetan Catholics in the TAR.
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The History of Tibet: Volume 2, The Medieval Period: c. AD 850–1895, the Development of Buddhist Paramountcy
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became religious teacher to Kublai in the 1250s, and was made the head of the Tibetan region administration
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NyingchiPrefecture is currently known as Nyingchi PLC after census; Nyingchi County is currently known as
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began operations on 1 July 2010, to become the fourth civil airport in China's Tibet Autonomous Region.
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over the Chang Tang, the soil is boggy and covered with tussocks of grass, thus resembling the Siberian
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Shannan Prefecture is currently known as Shannan PLC after census; Nêdong County is currently known as
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lie to the north, northeast and east, respectively, of the Tibet AR. There is also a short border with
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While traditional agriculture and animal husbandry continue to lead the area's economy, in 2005 the
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Nagqu Prefecture is currently known as Nagqu PLC after census; Nagqu County is currently known as
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Qamdo Prefecture is currently known as Qamdo PLC after census; Qamdo County is currently known as
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Xigazê Prefecture is currently known as Xigazê PLC after census; Xigazê CLC is currently known as
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In 2024, Chinese government documents in English began referring to the region as "Xizang", the
1860:(1937–1945), did not exert authority in Tibet. Other regions of ethno-cultural Tibet in eastern 9456: 8694: 8653: 7882: 4175: 3743: 2182: 2002: 453: 324: 6245: 6054:; Cynthia, Beall (March 1991). "China's Birth Control Policy in the Tibet Autonomous Region". 5855: 5822: 9357: 9213: 9208: 9185: 8952: 8631: 8604: 8564: 8519: 8472: 8452: 8395: 8235: 7998: 7371: 6489: 6303: 5058: 4489: 4428: 4279: 4239: 3939: 3923: 3879: 3813: 3798: 3751: 3695: 3439: 2288: 1928: 1837: 1830: 1826: 1621: 1616: 1581: 1494: 1321: 235: 155: 20: 7443: 6005: 3208: 2544: 2319: 2244:, headed by a chairman, who has been an ethnic Tibetan except for an interregnum during the 8957: 8689: 8594: 8367: 7805: 7425: 6223: 4602: 4304:, which, at 5,072 m (16,640 ft) above sea level, is the world's highest railway. 4243: 3947: 3884: 1735: 1576: 7842: 6898:, travelogue from Tibet – by a woman who's been travelling around Tibet for over a decade, 2056:
and its tributaries — and the streams flowing into the undrained salt lakes to the north.
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Census Office of the State Council; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the
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There are four mosques in the Tibet Autonomous Region with approximately 4,000 to 5,000
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adherents, although a 2010 Chinese survey found a higher proportion of 0.4%. There is
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Journey Across Tibet: A Young Woman's 1900-Mile Trek Across the Rooftop of the World
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Wylie, Turrell V. (2003), "Lama Tribute in the Ming Dynasty", in McKay, Alex (ed.),
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was completed in 2014. It opened to regular service on 15 August 2014. The planned
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serves as the top rung of political power in the region. The current chairman is
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The river region is characterized by fertile mountain valleys and includes the
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and religious extremism" is used as a pretext for human rights abuses. A 1992
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is identified with the cross-ethnic Chinese, Tibetan, Mongol and Manchu deity
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and spirit worship, are found mainly in the southeastern parts of the region.
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With an average of only two people per square kilometer, Tibet has the lowest
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Administrative divisions in Tibetan, Chinese, and varieties of romanizations
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Wuhan, China: Yang Song Meets Cui Yujing to Discuss Qomolangma Guandi Temple
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Built or rebuilt between 2014 and 2015 is the Guandi Temple of Qomolangma (
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Amnesty International: "China – Amnesty International's concerns in Tibet"
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The Tibet AR is dotted over with large and small lakes, generally salt or
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The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China
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Tibetan scholars and exiles claim that, with the 2006 completion of the
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2008 Human Rights Report: China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)
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Mountain Geoecology and Sustainable Development of the Tibetan Plateau
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reported Tibet's road system has achieved a total of 118,800 km.
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The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China
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29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)
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13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)
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Mainling County is currently known as Mainling CLC after 2020 census.
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/4152353.stm
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There are 4 universities and 3 special colleges in Tibet, including
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Historically, the population of Tibet consisted of primarily ethnic
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US State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor,
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structures, and also in contrasting their different cultural uses:
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Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)
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Grunfeld, A. Tom, The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, p. 245.
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an underdeveloped infrastructure and the high cost of extraction.
1821:(1368–1644). The Dzungar forces were in turn expelled by the 1720 9269: 9223: 9138: 8430: 8227: 8064: 8036: 8013: 7236: 7221: 7193: 7183: 7146: 7131: 7126: 7111: 7106: 7071: 5983:
China cracks down on aggrieved party cadres in Xinjiang and Tibet
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The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar
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began in 2015. The line is expected to be completed around 2025.
4203: 3975: 3935: 3833: 3826:; 'Way of the Gods'). There is a Guandi Temple of Lhasa ( 3770: 3544: 2198: 2170: 2166: 2084: 1978: 1970: 1966: 1881: 1873: 1596: 1231: 874: 7912: 6555: 6284:
https://www.macaubusiness.com/tibets-gdp-up-9-5-percent-in-2023/
6015:, Secretary-General's Report: Situation in Tibet, E/CN.4/1992/37 2185:, formed by a horseshoe bend in the river where it flows around 1977:
to the southeast. The countries to the south and southwest are
9148: 8797: 8440: 8124: 7955: 7538: 7302: 7151: 7141: 7076: 7056: 7000:
Population Structure and Changes in the Tibet Autonomous Region
4514: 4461: 4403: 4296: 4207: 3516: 3435: 3104: 2850: 2720: 2562: 2372: 2278:
List of township-level divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region
2274:
List of administrative divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region
2174: 2135: 2123: 2100: 2088: 2064: 1998: 1986: 1974: 1927:
ratified the agreement in October 1951. After the failure of a
1904: 1885: 1750:
in 1244 but granted the region a degree of political autonomy.
1743: 1498: 7989: 5079: 4572:"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)" 3488:
community in eastern Tibet. Smaller tribal groups such as the
3469: 3446:; dissolved in 1955 and parts were incorporated into Tibet AR. 1909:
Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet
1357: 1340: 1326: 1280: 923: 466: 161: 144: 9334: 9153: 9143: 8258: 8100: 7970: 7920: 7733: 7671: 7390: 7298: 7259: 7116: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7081: 7061: 7051: 6490:"China and India to trade across Himalayas | World news" 4324: 3866:
with 700 parishioners, which is located in the traditionally
3859: 3837: 3710: 3560: 3556: 3532: 3493: 3460:
In 2020 the Tibetan population was three million. The ethnic
3281:
Cona County is currently known as Cona CLC after 2020 census.
3162: 3122: 2937: 2654: 2393: 2139: 2036: 1990: 1982: 1955: 1877: 1789: 1256: 1239: 899: 882: 206: 181: 24: 6976: 6632:"Gongkhar Airport in Tibet enters digital communication age" 5576: 3003:
Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
2031:; however, the region names are useful in contrasting their 1844:
independent, as were other regions claimed by the successor
529: 8880: 8875: 8375: 6856:
The Story of Tibet : Conversations with the Dalai Lama
5531:"How Much Does Beijing Control the Ethnic Makeup of Tibet?" 5491:"FACTBOX-Key takeaways from China's 2020 population census" 5206: 5177: 4105:
of urban and rural residents in Tibet averaged (CN¥12,482 (
4101:. In 2008, Chinese news media reported that the per capita 2143: 1865: 1861: 1739: 475: 7867:** Southern portions of these counties are claimed by the 6487: 6144:"European Parliament resolution of 10 April 2008 on Tibet" 5508: 5506: 5504: 1836:
From the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912 until 1950, the
9111: 5145: 3774: 3680: 1212: 1198: 855: 841: 827: 6756:"China to stop building extremely high plateau airports" 5765: 4850:
Gyatso, Tenzin, Dalai Lama XIV, interview, 25 July 1981.
4771:, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press, pp. 1–40, 3484:
have inhabited the region. There is also a tiny Tibetan
2001:
claimed by India. India and China agreed to respect the
1156: 785: 7034: 6370: 5501: 3960:
List of populated places in the Tibet Autonomous Region
3464:, comprising 86.0% of the population, mainly adhere to 8730:
Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)
8715:
Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)
6044: 4896:
Living U.S.-China Relations: From Cold War to Cold War
3844:
and renovated around 2013 after decades of disrepair.
3438:/ Chuanbian SAR was established in 1923 from parts of 5515:. Thechinaperspective.com. Retrieved on 18 July 2013. 4394:
Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
3894:
annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
2118:, and intersected by streams. Due to the presence of 1921:
annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
1131: 1107: 1093: 1079: 1063: 1049: 1026: 1012: 760: 736: 722: 708: 692: 678: 664: 650: 106: 84: 5772:[The Image of Confucius in Tibetan Culture] 4517:
romanization of the Mandarin name, instead of Tibet.
4341: 2344:
Administrative divisions of Tibet Autonomous Region
1501:, and about 13 years after the original annexation. 6722:"World's highest-altitude airport planned on Tibet" 4863:, University of California Press, 1989, p. 812–813. 4760: 1493:. The establishment was about five years after the 1481:It was formally established in 1965 to replace the 1177: 806: 6853: 6193:"Rights Report Faults Mass Relocation of Tibetans" 5924:Commoners and Nobles:Hereditary Divisions in Tibet 4785: 4807:The Making of the Modern Chinese State: 1600–1950 3888:Chinese army division moving from Golmud to Lhasa 9428: 6050: 5927:. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. p. 5. 5006:. China Intercontinental Press. pp. 30–31. 4876:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 107–. ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9. 4711:"What is Tibet? – Fact and Fancy", Excerpt from 4275:was opened for civilian use on 30 October 2010. 3870:community of Yanjing in the east of the region. 2298:These in turn are subdivided into a total of 66 2146:. The lake region is noted for a vast number of 6591:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6569:. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012 6417:"Xinhua – Per capita GDP tops $ 1,000 in Tibet" 6146:. Publications Office of the EU. 10 April 2008. 5610: 4685:"China Doesn't Want You to Say 'Tibet' Anymore" 4327:, and is expected to be completed around 2027. 4172:Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College 3610:until the establishment of the PRC. Only 8% of 1899:entered Tibet and defeated the Tibetan army in 5941: 4409:List of prisons in the Tibet Autonomous Region 3964: 3953: 2227:People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region 1946:The Tibet Autonomous Region is located on the 1907:. In 1951, Tibetan representatives signed the 1893:proclamation of the People's Republic of China 1780:) was ruled by a succession of dynasties from 8647:Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China 8243: 7898: 7332: 7020: 6373:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023" 6246:"2021年西藏GDP达2080.17亿元 同比增长6.7%_中国经济网——国家经济门户" 6215: 5733: 5731: 5200: 5171: 4735: 3827: 2982: 2954: 2925: 2896: 2867: 2838: 2809: 2778: 1702: 1133: 962: 946: 762: 586: 570:"Tibet" in Chinese (top) and Tibetan (bottom) 100: 67: 6991:Economic profile for Tibet Autonomous Region 6000: 5998: 5766:Te-Ming TSENG; Shen-Yu LIN (December 2007). 4727:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4639:(Press release). China NBS. 29 February 2024 2283:The Autonomous Region is divided into seven 6488:Maseeh Rahman in New Delhi (19 June 2006). 6226:(Press release). China NBS. 31 January 2020 5960: 5856:Tibet's largest Guandi Temple gets repaired 5836:Lhasa, Tibet: Guandi temple was inaugurated 5823:Confucius ruled as a "divine king" in Tibet 5754:Study on Current Muslim Population in China 5711:Internazional Religious Freedom Report 2012 5706: 5704: 5702: 5567: 4471: 2267: 351:1,228,400 km (474,300 sq mi) 9467:States and territories established in 1965 8250: 8236: 7905: 7891: 7339: 7325: 7027: 7013: 6447:"Tibet posts fixed assets investment rise" 5728: 5461: 5437: 5413: 5389: 5365: 5341: 4803: 4414:List of universities and colleges in Tibet 3812:who reside in Tibet practice their native 2235:List of current Chinese provincial leaders 1848:. The Republican regime, preoccupied with 1709: 1695: 1034:ㄗˋ   ㄓˋ   ㄑㄩ 564: 539: 7936: 6453:. Xinhua. 31 January 2006. Archived from 6423:. Xinhua. 31 January 2006. Archived from 5995: 4999: 4766: 4712: 4597: 4595: 4593: 3476:. Other Muslim ethnic groups such as the 2413:Areas disputed with India or Bhutan (see 2231:List of modern political leaders of Tibet 278:Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress 6977:Tibet Autonomous Region official website 6784: 6273:. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022. 6181: 5699: 5601: 4659:"Human Development Indices (8.0)- China" 3974:program, which was first implemented in 3934:; ill-treatment of detainees, including 3883: 3742: 3588:Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition 3266: 3214: 3190:New districts established after census: 2719: 2709: 2011: 1134: 763: 6921: 6860:(1st ed.). New York: Grove Press. 6299:The transformation of Chinese socialism 5648: 5026:Zheng Du, Zhang Qingsong, Wu Shaohong: 4890: 4767:Wang, Jiawei; Nyima, Gyaincain (1997), 3227: 9429: 8404:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs 6818:"China Approves New Railway for Tibet" 6797:from the original on 22 September 2018 6587:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 6271:National Bureau of Statistics of China 6224:"Home – Regional – Annual by Province" 6187: 5473:National Bureau of Statistics of China 5451:National Bureau of Statistics of China 5427:National Bureau of Statistics of China 5403:National Bureau of Statistics of China 5379:National Bureau of Statistics of China 5355:National Bureau of Statistics of China 5329:from the original on 13 September 2013 5301:from the original on 24 September 2015 5273:from the original on 24 September 2015 5245:from the original on 24 September 2015 5073: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4769:The Historical Status of China's Tibet 4590: 4576:National Bureau of Statistics of China 4184:Tibet Vocational and Technical College 3307: 3201: 1738:and ruled over small kingdoms such as 1214: 1109: 857: 738: 8485:People's Republic of China (PRC) rule 8231: 7886: 7320: 7008: 6901: 6851: 6157: 6155: 6153: 5920: 5669: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5207:国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). 5178:国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2022). 4791: 4741: 4508: 3253: 3240: 3184: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2430: 1814:politically charged historical debate 1754:later incorporated Tibetans into his 1359: 8612:1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet 7875:area, but are administered by India. 7813: 6662:"Tibet's fourth civil airport opens" 6282:Tibet's GDP up 9.5 percent in 2023, 5606:. East Gate Books. pp. 114–119. 5080:Shenzhen City Bureau of Statistics. 4981:from the original on 12 October 2007 4861:A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951 4746:, New York: Routledge, p. 470, 4682: 4419:Tibet Area (administrative division) 3761:The main religion in Tibet has been 3275: 2462: 2457: 2452: 1932:provincial-level division of China. 7036:Provincial-level divisions of China 6785:Giri, A; Giri, S (24 August 2018). 6778: 6295: 6094:. Human Rights Watch. 13 June 2000. 5947:Regions and territories: Tibet bbc 4879: 4651: 3157: 3135: 2272:For a more comprehensive list, see 2260:and the current party secretary is 2005:in a bilateral agreement signed on 439: • Languages and dialects 23:. For the geographical region, see 13: 8590:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910) 8545:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) 8257: 7214:Direct-administered municipalities 6876: 6787:"Nepal, China agree on rail study" 6364: 6150: 6092:"Human Rights Violations in Tibet" 5782:. pp. 169–207. Archived from 5518: 4164:Tibet University for Nationalities 3652:Religion in Tibet (2012 estimates) 3302: 3192:Doilungdêqên (Doilungdêqên County) 2254:regional Communist Party Committee 1961:China's provincial-level areas of 1954:is located on Tibet's border with 1776:From 1354 to 1642, Central Tibet ( 14: 9483: 8627:Protests and uprisings since 1950 8617:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet 6970: 6732:. 12 January 2010. Archived from 6393:. news.nen.com.cn. Archived from 6203:from the original on 27 June 2013 6026:"Amnesty International Documents" 5909:Religion and Politics: commentary 5653:. Mcclatchydc.com. Archived from 5513:China Economy @ China Perspective 5446:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 4683:Wong, Chun Han (5 January 2024). 4434:Shigatse Photovoltaic Power Plant 4217: 3983:will be placed in the new towns. 3169: 3147: 3129: 3111: 3093: 3075: 2059:The lake region extends from the 1489:of the PRC established after the 101: 68: 8735:70,000 Character Petition (1962) 8725:Seventeen Point Agreement (1951) 8151:Ethnic minority autonomous areas 7988: 7165: 6809: 6748: 6163:"They Say We Should Be Grateful" 5992:, The Guardian, 8 December 2015. 5677:"Population Transfer Programmes" 4872:A. Tom Grunfeld (30 July 1996). 4389:China Tibetology Research Center 4372: 4358: 4344: 4238:The civil airports in Tibet are 4168:Tibet Tibetan Medical University 2351: 2252:. The standing committee of the 1678: 1667: 1545: 1507:province-level division of China 1427: 307: • Government Chairman 189: 170: 9024: 8710:Anglo-Russian Convention (1907) 6906:. Chicago: Contemporary Books. 6884:Dialogues Tibetan dialogues Han 6815: 6714: 6684: 6654: 6624: 6599: 6533: 6508: 6481: 6477:Dialogues Tibetan Dialogues Han 6469: 6439: 6409: 6383: 6355: 6346: 6337: 6328: 6289: 6276: 6263: 6238: 6136: 6122: 6098: 6084: 6018: 5975: 5914: 5901: 5881: 5861: 5848: 5828: 5815: 5793: 5759: 5743:2010 Islam by province, page 29 5642: 5595: 5561: 5557:Dialogues Tibetan Dialogues Han 5549: 5483: 5313: 5285: 5257: 5229: 5139: 5106: 5041: 5020: 5000:Yang, Qinye; Zheng, Du (2004). 4993: 4967: 4941: 4916: 4866: 4853: 4844: 4835: 4797: 4399:History of Tibet (1950–present) 3873: 3832:) where the Chinese god of war 3474:ethnic Tibetan Muslim community 3288: 2161:) and its major tributary, the 1281: 1257: 1240: 1213: 1199: 1178: 1157: 924: 900: 883: 856: 842: 828: 807: 786: 420: • Ethnic composition 8965:Patron and priest relationship 8931:Central Tibetan Administration 8740:Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy 7247:Special administrative regions 6698:. 26 July 2010. Archived from 6391:"Tibetans report income rises" 5802:The Tibetan Image of Confucius 5720:by the US government. p. 20: « 5681:Central Tibetan Administration 5649:Johnson, Tim (28 March 2008). 5422:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报 5398:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 5350:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报 4713:Goldstein, Melvyn, C. (1994). 4705: 4676: 4564: 4536: 4466: 4447: 4001: 3996: 3828: 3822: 3496:, who follow a combination of 2995: 1358: 1341: 1327: 1132: 1108: 1094: 1080: 1064: 1050: 1027: 1013: 963: 947: 761: 737: 723: 709: 693: 679: 665: 651: 587: 297: • Congress Chairman 1: 9330:Historical and cultural sites 8695:Convention of Calcutta (1890) 6668:. 1 July 2010. Archived from 6638:. 12 May 2009. Archived from 6516:"全国高等学校名单 – 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站" 6371:International Monetary Fund. 5115:National Bureau of Statistics 4949:"Tibet: Agricultural Regions" 4804:Huaiyin Li (13 August 2019). 4622:"zh: 2023年西藏自治区国民经济和社会发展统计公报" 4524: 4424:Tibetan independence movement 2220: 1767: 369:8,848 m (29,029 ft) 116:Tibetan transcription(s) 54:Chinese transcription(s) 9462:1965 establishments in China 8670:Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684) 6922:Hillman, Ben (1 June 2010). 6221:Historical GDP of Provinces 5812:. Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines. 5626:. Xizang gov. Archived from 4975:"The World's Biggest Canyon" 4529: 4153: 2704: 2699: 2676: 2584: 2554: 2524: 1935: 7: 9442:Autonomous regions of China 8690:Treaty of Thapathali (1856) 8580:British expedition to Tibet 8570:Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856) 8540:Battle of the Salween River 6377:International Monetary Fund 6132:. UN News. 2 November 2012. 6028:. Hrweb.org. Archived from 4624:. xizang.gov.cn. 9 May 2024 4337: 4233: 4071: 4063: 4055: 4047: 4039: 4031: 4023: 4015: 4005: 3965:Comfortable Housing Program 3954:Towns and villages in Tibet 3636: 3631:Tibetan government-in-exile 1913:Central People's Government 162: 145: 107: 85: 10: 9488: 9063:Postage and postal history 8515:Tibetan attack on Songzhou 7869:People's Republic of China 7307:political status of Taiwan 7299:People's Republic of China 6844: 5779:National Taiwan University 5752:. Data from: Yang Zongde, 5604:The Making of Modern Tibet 4874:The Making of Modern Tibet 4286: 4189: 3990: 3986: 3957: 3877: 3640: 3618:in TAR, others keep their 2835:ggzhis ka rtse grong khyer 2415:Sino-Indian border dispute 2285:prefecture-level divisions 2271: 2224: 2157:(the upper courses of the 2130:. The deposits consist of 1939: 1720: 1516: 1472:autonomous region of China 1384: 333:National People's Congress 254:699 towns and subdistricts 32:Autonomous region in China 18: 16:Autonomous region of China 9393: 9249: 9092: 9085: 9058: 9049: 9015: 8918: 8909: 8868: 8766: 8762: 8753: 8662: 8525:Mongol invasions of Tibet 8505: 8309: 8278: 8269: 8145: 8122: 8098: 8062: 8011: 7997: 7986: 7927: 7865: 7804: 7732: 7657: 7605: 7537: 7434: 7381: 7370: 7358: 7288: 7268: 7245: 7212: 7174: 7163: 7042: 6940:10.1080/14631361003779604 6111:. Archive. Archived from 5807:13 September 2017 at the 5602:Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996). 5147:Ministry of Civil Affairs 5121:(1st ed.). Beijing: 5055:Ministry of Civil Affairs 4485: 4457: 4148:China Western Development 4080:Seventeen Point Agreement 3817: 3734: 3724: 3719: 3709: 3704: 3694: 3689: 3679: 3674: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3651: 3434: 3320:—     3002: 2983: 2955: 2926: 2897: 2868: 2839: 2810: 2779: 2732: 2350: 2348: 2343: 1829:. This began a period of 1497:and the dismissal of the 1419: 1407: 1402: 1392: 1378: 1373: 1348: 1334: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1303: 1297: 1292: 1271: 1264: 1247: 1230: 1223: 1206: 1192: 1185: 1171: 1164: 1150: 1143: 1125: 1118: 1101: 1087: 1073: 1057: 1043: 1020: 1006: 999: 994: 990: 986: 976: 972: 956: 940: 935: 914: 907: 890: 873: 866: 849: 835: 821: 814: 800: 793: 779: 772: 754: 747: 730: 716: 702: 686: 672: 658: 644: 637: 632: 628: 616: 612: 602: 598: 588: 580: 575: 563: 559: 554: 524: 506: 496: 482: 462: 452: 438: 419: 414: 404: 396: 386: 378: 373: 365: 355: 347: 342: 330: 316: 306: 296: 283: 273: 263: 258: 226: 212: 200: 188: 169: 152: 135: 120: 115: 92: 75: 58: 53: 44: 37: 9447:Tibetan autonomous areas 8923:Tibet Autonomous Region 8685:Treaty of Chushul (1842) 8637:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest 7301:but administered by the 5887:World Guangong Culture: 5867:World Guangong Culture: 5834:World Guangong Culture: 5769:《臺灣東亞文明研究學刊》第4卷第2期(總第8期) 5768: 5756:, Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010. 5618: 5445: 5421: 5397: 5373: 5349: 5321: 5293: 5265: 5237: 5208: 5179: 5150: 5118: 5082: 5049: 4900:Rowman & Littlefield 4544: 4440: 4330:The construction of the 3940:extrajudicial executions 3851:), on Ganggar Mount, in 2473:Tibet Autonomous Region 2268:Administrative divisions 2120:discontinuous permafrost 2083:, to the sources of the 1903:fought near the city of 1897:People's Liberation Army 1622:13th and 14th Dalai Lama 1460:Xizang Autonomous Region 1200:sai1 zong6 zi6 zi6 keoi1 958:Traditional Chinese 9437:Tibet Autonomous Region 9030:TAR People's Government 8990:Serfs' Emancipation Day 8530:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 7352:Tibet Autonomous Region 6918:, hardcover, 236 pages. 6546:. Hamburg: Kovac 2010, 6004:Amnesty International, 5874:7 November 2017 at the 5588:Encyclopædia Britannica 4810:. Abingdon: Routledge. 4319:will connect Xigazê to 4088:Chinese economic reform 3932:prisoners of conscience 3916:Chinese Communist Party 3907:When General Secretary 3902:press in mainland China 3472:, although there is an 2759:Tibet Autonomous Region 2289:prefecture-level cities 2250:Chinese Communist Party 2079:near the source of the 2039:in the lake region and 1891:In 1950, following the 1487:administrative division 1456:Tibet Autonomous Region 1179:Sî-tshông Tshṳ-tshṳ-khî 1066:Hsi-tsang Tzu-chih-chʻü 1031:ㄒㄧ   ㄗㄤˋ 942:Simplified Chinese 936:Tibet Autonomous Region 666:ㄒㄧ   ㄗㄤˋ 483: • Per capita 405:  • Rank 400:3.0/km (7.7/sq mi) 39:Tibet Autonomous Region 8700:Treaty of Lhasa (1904) 8654:Special Frontier Force 7348:County-level divisions 6902:Wilby, Sorrel (1988). 6852:Laird, Thomas (2006). 5683:. 2003. Archived from 5213:China Statistics Print 5184:China Statistics Print 5155:China Statistics Print 5123:China Statistics Print 5088:China Statistics Print 4859:Goldstein, Melvyn C., 4506:Tibetan pronunciation: 4176:Lhasa Teachers College 4139:The re-opening of the 4132:, known in Tibetan as 3981:Communist Party cadres 3889: 3795:Kongtse Trulgyi Gyalpo 3758: 3620:household registration 3616:household registration 2893:nying khri grong khyer 2774:bod rang skyong ljongs 2727: 2717: 2183:Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon 2095:. Other lakes include 2019: 2003:Line of Actual Control 1435:This article contains 366:Highest elevation 325:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai 317: • Regional 163:bod rang skyong ljongs 9073:Qinghai–Tibet railway 9068:Qinghai-Tibet Highway 9035:TAR People's Congress 9007:India–Tibet relations 8980:Independence movement 8632:1959 Tibetan uprising 8520:Battle of Dafei River 8368:Era of Fragmentation 7396:Doilungdêqên District 6824:. CRI. Archived from 6760:www.chinadaily.com.cn 6304:Duke University Press 5921:Fjeld, Heidi (2003). 5748:27 April 2017 at the 5716:28 March 2017 at the 5385:on 14 September 2012. 4429:Sinicization of Tibet 4332:Sichuan–Tibet Railway 4311:branch from Lhasa to 4293:Qinghai–Tibet Railway 4280:Nagqu Dagring Airport 4240:Lhasa Gonggar Airport 4212:Tashilhunpo Monastery 3958:Further information: 3924:Amnesty International 3887: 3880:Human rights in Tibet 3814:Chinese folk religion 3799:Chinese folk religion 3752:Tashilhunpo Monastery 3746: 3696:Chinese folk religion 3294:Historical population 2828:གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། 2747:Wylie transliteration 2723: 2713: 2155:Yarlung Tsangpo River 2015: 1895:the year before, the 1764:Drogön Chögyal Phagpa 1495:1959 Tibetan uprising 1462:, often shortened to 1282:Să̤-câung Cê̤ṳ-dê-kṳ̆ 1258:Sai-tsăng Tsĕu-tī-khu 9381:Traditional medicine 8595:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil 8416:Relations with Ming 8386:Relations with Song 8358:Relations with Tang 8296:European exploration 7626:Gongbo'gyamda County 7426:Maizhokunggar County 5894:4 March 2016 at the 5854:China-Tibet Online: 5841:4 March 2016 at the 5821:China-Tibet Online: 5374:第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字 4309:Lhasa–Xigazê Railway 4244:Qamdo Bangda Airport 4180:Tibet Police College 3622:in place of origin. 3602:from "Outer Tibet" ( 3196:Dagzê (Dagzê County) 2864:chab mdo grong khyer 1746:. The Mongol Empire 1658:European exploration 1612:Ming–Tibet relations 1577:Era of Fragmentation 1135:ثِ‌زَانْ زِجِ‌کِیُوِ 1051:Shitzanq Tzyhjyhchiu 397: • Density 9025:Regional Government 9002:CIA Tibetan program 8985:Serfdom controversy 8869:Traditional regions 8720:Simla Accord (1914) 8642:2008 Tibetan unrest 8466:List of Qing ambans 8411:Phagmodrupa dynasty 6736:on 15 December 2010 6702:on 15 December 2010 6672:on 14 December 2010 6642:on 15 December 2010 6286:, January 24, 2024. 6118:on 19 January 2012. 5972:, February 25, 2009 5657:on 15 November 2009 5630:on 16 February 2013 5119:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 4690:Wall Street Journal 4552:on 22 December 2015 4317:China–Nepal railway 4278:Announced in 2010, 3999: 3998:Development of GDP 3972:population transfer 3928:political prisoners 3549:Monguor (Tu people) 3295: 2951:nag chu grong khyer 2922:lho kha grong khyer 2764:བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས། 2246:Cultural Revolution 2242:People's Government 2044:Indian Ocean — the 1919:over Tibet and the 1823:expedition to Tibet 1800:was established by 1587:Phagmodrupa dynasty 1491:annexation of Tibet 1241:Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu 1095:Syīdzàng Dz̀jr̀chyū 130:བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས། 9339:(ceremonial scarf) 9310:Dzong architecture 9127:Imperial Preceptor 8997:Sovereignty debate 8943:Etymology of Tibet 8555:Lhasa riot of 1750 8550:Jinchuan campaigns 8535:Battle of Dartsedo 8453:Qing dynasty rule 8396:Yuan dynasty rule 8370:(9th–13th century) 7914:Tibetan-designated 7479:Xaitongmoin County 7444:Samzhubzê District 7391:Chengguan District 7176:Autonomous regions 6983:8 May 2021 at the 6828:on 9 November 2014 6791:The Kathmandu Post 6730:Xinhua News Agency 6726:news.xinhuanet.com 6696:Xinhua News Agency 6666:Xinhua News Agency 6636:Xinhua News Agency 6611:english.www.gov.cn 6451:news.xinhuanet.com 6421:news.xinhuanet.com 6296:Lin, Chun (2006). 6197:The New York Times 6167:Human Rights Watch 6011:2009-09-12 at the 5988:2016-12-29 at the 5954:2011-04-22 at the 5907:Samten G. Karmay, 5537:. 2 September 2021 5457:on 29 August 2012. 4794:, pp. 106–107 4130:Cordyceps sinensis 4126:caterpillar fungus 4124:The collection of 4103:disposable incomes 3997: 3890: 3759: 3454:population density 3293: 3263:after 2010 census. 3224:after 2010 census. 3211:after 2010 census. 2890:Nyingchi Chongkyir 2886:ཉིང་ཁྲི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། 2806:lha sa grong khyer 2728: 2718: 2545:Samzhubzê District 2515:Chengguan District 2419:Bhutanese enclaves 2206:South Tibet Valley 2020: 1942:Geography of Tibet 1915:affirming China's 1730:kings founded the 1476:Southwestern China 1447:Tibetan characters 463: • Total 379: • Total 348: • Total 146:Poi Ranggyong Jong 62:Simplified Chinese 9424: 9423: 9389: 9388: 9081: 9080: 9045: 9044: 8948:Foreign relations 8905: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8749: 8748: 8605:Qinghai–Tibet War 8575:Sikkim expedition 8565:Dogra–Tibetan War 8560:Sino-Nepalese War 8495:political leaders 8473:Post-Qing to 1950 8426:Rinpungpa dynasty 8337:(7th–9th century) 8225: 8224: 8141: 8140: 8086: 8040: 7984: 7983: 7880: 7879: 7861: 7860: 7800: 7799: 7365: 7314: 7313: 7303:Republic of China 7270:Disputed province 6893:978-988-97999-3-9 6886:. : Hannü. 2008. 6867:978-0-8021-1827-1 6552:978-3-8300-4948-7 6544:Destination Tibet 6313:978-0-8223-3785-0 6269:"National Data". 6052:Goldstein, Melvyn 5825:. 4 November 2014 5573:Waddell, Laurence 5361:on 5 August 2009. 5222:978-7-5037-6659-6 5193:978-7-5037-9772-9 5164:978-7-5037-7130-9 5132:978-7-5037-6660-2 5013:978-7-5085-0665-4 5003:Tibetan Geography 4955:on 24 August 2007 4928:peacemaker.un.org 4909:978-1-5381-8725-8 4892:Lampton, David M. 4778:978-7-80113-304-5 4753:978-0-415-30843-4 4717:. pp. 76–87. 4474: 4076: 4075: 4008:billions of yuan 3864:a Catholic church 3750:Buddha statue of 3739: 3738: 3643:Religion in Tibet 3586:According to the 3450: 3449: 3180: 3179: 3020:2020 City proper 2993: 2992: 2979:mnga' ris sa khul 2857:ཆབ་མདོ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། 2769:Poi Ranggyongjong 2708: 2707: 2533:Shigatse / Xigazê 1995:Arunachal Pradesh 1858:Japanese invasion 1846:Republic of China 1827:Dzungar–Qing Wars 1758:(1271–1368). The 1719: 1718: 1592:Rinpungpa dynasty 1458:, officially the 1443:rendering support 1423: 1422: 1369: 1368: 1288: 1287: 1089:Yale Romanization 1081:Sizàng Zìhjhìhcyu 1001:Standard Mandarin 931: 930: 823:Yale Romanization 718:Yale Romanization 639:Standard Mandarin 550: 549: 469:239,267 million ( 387: • Rank 356: • Rank 274: • Body 268:Autonomous region 264: • Type 47:Autonomous region 21:Tibet (1912–1951) 9479: 9409: 9402: 9340: 9117:Tibetan Buddhism 9090: 9089: 9056: 9055: 8926: 8916: 8915: 8764: 8763: 8760: 8759: 8622:Battle of Chamdo 8600:Sino-Tibetan War 8456: 8419: 8399: 8389: 8371: 8361: 8348:List of emperors 8338: 8320: 8301:Historical money 8276: 8275: 8252: 8245: 8238: 8229: 8228: 8152: 8080: 8034: 8009: 8008: 7992: 7934: 7933: 7917:autonomous areas 7907: 7900: 7893: 7884: 7883: 7811: 7810: 7757:Nyainrong County 7379: 7378: 7372:Prefecture-level 7363: 7341: 7334: 7327: 7318: 7317: 7169: 7029: 7022: 7015: 7006: 7005: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6917: 6897: 6871: 6859: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6752: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6603: 6597: 6596: 6586: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6537: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6387: 6381: 6380: 6368: 6362: 6359: 6353: 6350: 6344: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6293: 6287: 6280: 6274: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6191:(27 June 2013). 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6159: 6148: 6147: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6110: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6032:on 15 March 2012 6022: 6016: 6002: 5993: 5979: 5973: 5964: 5958: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5918: 5912: 5905: 5899: 5885: 5879: 5865: 5859: 5852: 5846: 5832: 5826: 5819: 5813: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5789:on 4 March 2016. 5788: 5775: 5763: 5757: 5735: 5726: 5708: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5580: 5565: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5527: 5516: 5510: 5499: 5498: 5487: 5481: 5480: 5479:on 27 July 2013. 5475:. Archived from 5465: 5459: 5458: 5453:. Archived from 5441: 5435: 5434: 5433:on 19 June 2012. 5429:. Archived from 5417: 5411: 5410: 5405:. Archived from 5393: 5387: 5386: 5381:. Archived from 5369: 5363: 5362: 5357:. Archived from 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5149:(August 2014). 5143: 5137: 5136: 5117:, eds. (2012). 5110: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5090:. Archived from 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5057:. Archived from 5050:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 5045: 5039: 5024: 5018: 5017: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4951:. Archived from 4945: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4888: 4877: 4870: 4864: 4857: 4851: 4848: 4842: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4826: 4824: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4726: 4718: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4599: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4540: 4518: 4512: 4507: 4487: 4475: 4472: 4468: 4459: 4451: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4354: 4352:Geography portal 4349: 4348: 4347: 4262:Ngari Prefecture 4248:Nyingchi Airport 4224:white paper 4160:Tibet University 4113:) respectively. 4112: 4109:) and CN¥3,176 ( 4108: 4096: 4000: 3993:Economy of Tibet 3831: 3830: 3824: 3819: 3779:Tibetan Buddhism 3666:Tibetan Buddhism 3649: 3648: 3627:Qingzang Railway 3608:British invasion 3606:) following the 3498:Tibetan Buddhism 3466:Tibetan Buddhism 3309: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3257: 3251: 3244: 3238: 3231: 3225: 3218: 3212: 3205: 3199: 3188: 3176: 3154: 3000: 2999: 2986: 2985: 2973: 2967:Ngari Prefecture 2958: 2957: 2945: 2944:ནག་ཆུ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། 2929: 2928: 2916: 2915:ལྷོ་ཁ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། 2900: 2899: 2887: 2871: 2870: 2858: 2842: 2841: 2832:Xigazê Chongkyir 2829: 2813: 2812: 2800: 2782: 2781: 2765: 2730: 2729: 2685:Ngari Prefecture 2442:Population 2020 2423: 2410: 2355: 2354: 2341: 2340: 2077:Lake Manasarovar 2061:Pangong Tso Lake 2007:7 September 1993 1929:violent uprising 1856:(1927–1949) and 1831:direct Qing rule 1772: 1769: 1723:History of Tibet 1711: 1704: 1697: 1685:China portal 1683: 1682: 1681: 1672: 1671: 1648:Historical money 1549: 1539: 1521: 1520: 1431: 1430: 1413: 1388: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1344: 1343: 1330: 1329: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1284: 1283: 1260: 1259: 1243: 1242: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1202: 1201: 1181: 1180: 1160: 1159: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1097: 1096: 1083: 1082: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1053: 1052: 1039: 1038: 1016: 1015: 992: 991: 968: 967: 952: 951: 927: 926: 903: 902: 886: 885: 862: 861: 860: 845: 844: 831: 830: 810: 809: 789: 788: 768: 767: 766: 765: 743: 742: 741: 726: 725: 712: 711: 698: 697: 696: 682: 681: 668: 667: 654: 653: 630: 629: 594: 593: 592: 568: 552: 551: 546: 543: 538: 535: 533: 531: 520: 458: 447:Mandarin Chinese 231:Prefecture-level 217: 216:and largest city 193: 174: 165: 158: 148: 141: 131: 126: 110: 104: 103: 96: 88: 81: 71: 70: 64: 35: 34: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9477: 9476: 9472:Tibetan Plateau 9427: 9426: 9425: 9420: 9412: 9405: 9398: 9385: 9338: 9245: 9077: 9041: 9011: 8924: 8897: 8864: 8841:Tibetan Plateau 8836:Rongbuk Glacier 8822:Yarlung Tsangpo 8745: 8658: 8585:Batang uprising 8507: 8501: 8454: 8448:Khoshut Khanate 8436:Ganden Phodrang 8431:Tsangpa dynasty 8417: 8397: 8387: 8369: 8359: 8336: 8330:Yarlung dynasty 8318: 8305: 8265: 8256: 8226: 8221: 8220: 8150: 8137: 8118: 8094: 8058: 8001: 7993: 7980: 7923: 7911: 7881: 7876: 7871:as part of the 7857: 7796: 7792:Shuanghu County 7777:Baingoin County 7728: 7693:Qonggyai County 7667:Nêdong District 7653: 7601: 7572:Zhag'yab County 7533: 7474:Ngamring County 7430: 7406:Lhünzhub County 7373: 7366: 7354: 7345: 7315: 7310: 7284: 7264: 7241: 7208: 7170: 7161: 7038: 7033: 6985:Wayback Machine 6973: 6960: 6958: 6928:Asian Ethnicity 6914: 6894: 6882: 6879: 6877:Further reading 6874: 6868: 6847: 6842: 6841: 6831: 6829: 6814: 6810: 6800: 6798: 6783: 6779: 6769: 6767: 6766:. 24 April 2015 6754: 6753: 6749: 6739: 6737: 6720: 6719: 6715: 6705: 6703: 6690: 6689: 6685: 6675: 6673: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6645: 6643: 6630: 6629: 6625: 6615: 6613: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6580: 6579: 6572: 6570: 6567:"Archived copy" 6565: 6554: 6538: 6534: 6524: 6522: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6486: 6482: 6474: 6470: 6460: 6458: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6430: 6428: 6415: 6414: 6410: 6400: 6398: 6397:on 21 July 2011 6389: 6388: 6384: 6369: 6365: 6360: 6356: 6351: 6347: 6342: 6338: 6333: 6329: 6314: 6306:. p. 103. 6294: 6290: 6281: 6277: 6268: 6264: 6254: 6252: 6244: 6243: 6239: 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5370: 5366: 5351: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5223: 5210: 5209:中国2010年人口普查分县资料 5205: 5201: 5194: 5181: 5180:中国2020年人口普查分县资料 5176: 5172: 5165: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5133: 5120: 5111: 5107: 5097: 5095: 5084: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5061:on 2 April 2015 5051: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5030:(Kluwer 2000), 5025: 5021: 5014: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4958: 4956: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4910: 4889: 4880: 4871: 4867: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4802: 4798: 4790: 4786: 4779: 4765: 4761: 4754: 4740: 4736: 4720: 4719: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4693:. New York City 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4663:Global Data Lab 4657: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4635: 4627: 4625: 4620: 4612: 4610: 4603:"National Data" 4601: 4600: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4546: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4521: 4510:[pʰø̀ʔ] 4505: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4364: 4357: 4350: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4289: 4236: 4220: 4192: 4156: 4118:tertiary sector 4110: 4106: 4094: 4007: 3995: 3989: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3944:forced abortion 3914:Critics of the 3882: 3876: 3741: 3740: 3732: 3717: 3702: 3687: 3672: 3645: 3639: 3436:Xikang Province 3291: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3258: 3254: 3245: 3241: 3232: 3228: 3219: 3215: 3206: 3202: 3189: 3185: 3172: 3150: 3017:2010 Urban area 3014:2020 Urban area 2998: 2971: 2948:Nagqu Chongkyir 2943: 2919:Lhoka Chongkyir 2914: 2885: 2861:Qamdo Chongkyir 2856: 2827: 2803:Lhasa Chongkyir 2799:ལྷ་ས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། 2798: 2763: 2636:Nêdong District 2624:Shannan / Lhoka 2426: 2425: 2424: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2390: 2383: 2376: 2369: 2362: 2352: 2281: 2270: 2237: 2223: 2215:Lake Puma Yumco 2069:Lake Rakshastal 1993:. China claims 1975:Yunnan Province 1948:Tibetan Plateau 1944: 1938: 1925:14th Dalai Lama 1868:had been under 1810:Dzungar Khanate 1806:Khoshut Khanate 1794:Ganden Phodrang 1792:. In 1642, the 1770: 1748:conquered Tibet 1725: 1715: 1679: 1677: 1674:Asia portal 1666: 1607:Ganden Phodrang 1602:Khoshut Khanate 1597:Tsangpa dynasty 1567:Yarlung dynasty 1557:Neolithic Tibet 1537: 1530: 1519: 1509:by area, after 1474:and is part of 1452: 1451: 1450: 1441:Without proper 1432: 1428: 1414: 1411: 1386: 1361:[pʰø̀ʔ] 1304: 1158:Sizaon Zyzychiu 1075:Tongyong Pinyin 1065: 1045:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 1037: 704:Tongyong Pinyin 694: 674:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 617:Literal meaning 571: 544: 528: 518: 491: 474: 456: 434: 432: 253: 251: 247: 242: 238: 233: 228: 215: 214: 196: 184: 156:Wylie translit. 154: 137: 129: 122: 94: 77: 60: 49: 40: 33: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9485: 9475: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9422: 9421: 9419: 9418: 9411: 9410: 9403: 9395: 9394: 9391: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9354: 9342: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9296: 9295: 9290: 9288:wall paintings 9285: 9280: 9273: 9266: 9255: 9253: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9243: 9242: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9219:Tibetan people 9216: 9214:Social classes 9211: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9193: 9192: 9191: 9190: 9189: 9188: 9178: 9173: 9172: 9171: 9161: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9135: 9134: 9129: 9114: 9104: 9099: 9093: 9087: 9083: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9059: 9053: 9047: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9027: 9021: 9019: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8993: 8992: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8961: 8960: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8928: 8919: 8913: 8907: 8906: 8903: 8902: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8895: 8894: 8893: 8883: 8878: 8872: 8870: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8862: 8857: 8856: 8855: 8854: 8853: 8851:Nature Reserve 8838: 8833: 8832: 8831: 8830: 8829: 8816: 8815: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8795: 8785: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8767: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8743: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8666: 8664: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8651: 8650: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8511: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8490:PRC annexation 8482: 8481: 8480: 8470: 8469: 8468: 8463: 8450: 8445: 8444: 8443: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8422: 8421: 8408: 8407: 8406: 8393: 8392: 8391: 8383: 8378: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8313: 8311: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8291:List of rulers 8288: 8282: 8280: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8255: 8254: 8247: 8240: 8232: 8223: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8147: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8129: 8127: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8116: 8111: 8105: 8103: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8081:(Tibetans and 8075: 8069: 8067: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8029: 8024: 8018: 8016: 8006: 7995: 7994: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7931: 7925: 7924: 7910: 7909: 7902: 7895: 7887: 7878: 7877: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7843:Gê'gyai County 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7819: 7817: 7808: 7802: 7801: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7738: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7726: 7724:Nagarzê County 7721: 7718:Lhuntse County 7715: 7710: 7708:Lhozhag County 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7683:Gonggar County 7680: 7678:Zhanang County 7675: 7669: 7663: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7651: 7645: 7639: 7634: 7628: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7599: 7594: 7592:Lhorong County 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7567:Dêngqên County 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7547:Karub District 7543: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7514:Gyirong County 7511: 7506: 7504:Zhongba County 7501: 7499:Dinggyê County 7496: 7494:Kangmar County 7491: 7489:Rinbung County 7486: 7484:Bainang County 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7454:Gyangzê County 7451: 7449:Namling County 7446: 7440: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7411:Damxung County 7408: 7403: 7401:Dagzê District 7398: 7393: 7387: 7385: 7376: 7368: 7367: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7344: 7343: 7336: 7329: 7321: 7312: 7311: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7274: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7257: 7251: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7218: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7189:Inner Mongolia 7186: 7180: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7048: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7032: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7009: 7003: 7002: 6997: 6988: 6972: 6971:External links 6969: 6968: 6967: 6934:(2): 269–277. 6919: 6912: 6899: 6892: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6866: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6822:english.cri.cn 6808: 6777: 6747: 6713: 6683: 6653: 6623: 6598: 6532: 6520:www.moe.gov.cn 6507: 6480: 6468: 6457:on 9 June 2011 6438: 6427:on 9 June 2011 6408: 6382: 6363: 6354: 6345: 6336: 6327: 6312: 6288: 6275: 6262: 6250:district.ce.cn 6237: 6214: 6189:Jacobs, Andrew 6180: 6169:. 27 June 2013 6149: 6135: 6121: 6097: 6083: 6064:(3): 285–303. 6043: 6017: 5994: 5981:Simon Denyer, 5974: 5959: 5940: 5933: 5913: 5900: 5880: 5860: 5847: 5827: 5814: 5792: 5758: 5727: 5698: 5668: 5641: 5609: 5594: 5583:Chisholm, Hugh 5560: 5548: 5517: 5500: 5497:. 11 May 2021. 5482: 5460: 5436: 5412: 5388: 5364: 5340: 5312: 5284: 5256: 5228: 5221: 5199: 5192: 5170: 5163: 5153:(in Chinese). 5151:《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 5138: 5131: 5105: 5094:on 12 May 2015 5086:(in Chinese). 5072: 5053:(in Chinese). 5040: 5019: 5012: 4992: 4966: 4940: 4915: 4908: 4898:. Lanham, MD: 4878: 4865: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4816: 4796: 4784: 4777: 4759: 4752: 4734: 4704: 4675: 4650: 4589: 4563: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4369: 4355: 4339: 4336: 4288: 4285: 4235: 4232: 4219: 4218:Transportation 4216: 4204:Jokhang Temple 4191: 4188: 4155: 4152: 4078:From the 1951 4074: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4004: 3991:Main article: 3988: 3985: 3966: 3963: 3955: 3952: 3878:Main article: 3875: 3872: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3641:Main article: 3638: 3635: 3448: 3447: 3432: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3274: 3265: 3252: 3239: 3226: 3213: 3200: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3004: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2972:མངའ་རིས་ས་ཁུལ། 2969: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2941: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2912: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2883: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2854: 2847: 2846: 2843: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2825: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2796: 2789: 2788: 2786:Xīzàng Zìzhìqū 2783: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2744:Tibetan Pinyin 2742: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2575:Karuo District 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563:Chamdo / Qamdo 2560: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2500: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2407: 2398: 2391: 2384: 2377: 2370: 2363: 2356: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2269: 2266: 2222: 2219: 1940:Main article: 1937: 1934: 1838:State of Tibet 1798:5th Dalai Lama 1732:Tibetan Empire 1721:Main article: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1713: 1706: 1699: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1653:List of rulers 1650: 1645: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1572:Tibetan Empire 1569: 1564: 1559: 1551: 1550: 1542: 1541: 1532: 1531: 1524: 1518: 1515: 1437:Tibetan script 1433: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1403:Mongolian name 1400: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1355: 1346: 1345: 1338: 1336:Tibetan Pinyin 1332: 1331: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1316:Transcriptions 1309: 1308: 1301: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1278: 1269: 1268: 1262: 1261: 1254: 1245: 1244: 1237: 1228: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1190: 1189: 1187:Yue: Cantonese 1183: 1182: 1175: 1169: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1154: 1148: 1147: 1141: 1140: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1120:other Mandarin 1116: 1115: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1018: 1017: 1014:Xīzàng Zìzhìqū 1010: 1004: 1003: 997: 996: 995:Transcriptions 988: 987: 984: 983: 982:Xīzàng Zìzhìqū 980: 974: 973: 970: 969: 960: 954: 953: 944: 938: 937: 933: 932: 929: 928: 921: 912: 911: 905: 904: 897: 888: 887: 880: 871: 870: 864: 863: 853: 847: 846: 839: 833: 832: 825: 819: 818: 816:Yue: Cantonese 812: 811: 804: 798: 797: 791: 790: 783: 777: 776: 770: 769: 758: 752: 751: 749:other Mandarin 745: 744: 734: 728: 727: 720: 714: 713: 706: 700: 699: 690: 684: 683: 676: 670: 669: 662: 656: 655: 648: 642: 641: 635: 634: 633:Transcriptions 626: 625: 618: 614: 613: 610: 609: 606: 600: 599: 596: 595: 584: 578: 577: 573: 572: 569: 561: 560: 557: 556: 548: 547: 526: 522: 521: 511: 504: 503: 500: 494: 493: 484: 480: 479: 478:33,954 million 464: 460: 459: 450: 449: 440: 436: 435: 427: 421: 417: 416: 412: 411: 406: 402: 401: 398: 394: 393: 388: 384: 383: 380: 376: 375: 371: 370: 367: 363: 362: 357: 353: 352: 349: 345: 344: 340: 339: 336: 335:Representation 328: 327: 322: 314: 313: 308: 304: 303: 298: 294: 293: 288: 281: 280: 275: 271: 270: 265: 261: 260: 256: 255: 245: 224: 223: 218: 210: 209: 204: 198: 197: 194: 186: 185: 175: 167: 166: 159: 150: 149: 142: 139:Tibetan pinyin 133: 132: 127: 124:Tibetan script 118: 117: 113: 112: 97: 90: 89: 86:Xīzàng Zìzhìqū 82: 73: 72: 65: 56: 55: 51: 50: 45: 42: 41: 38: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9484: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9457:Western China 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9408: 9404: 9401: 9397: 9396: 9392: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9359: 9355: 9353: 9352: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9278: 9274: 9272: 9271: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9261: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9248: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9221: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9170: 9167: 9166: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9156: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9123: 9120: 9119: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9109: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9094: 9091: 9088: 9084: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9048: 9036: 9033: 9032: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9014: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8937: 8934: 8933: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8921: 8920: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8908: 8892: 8889: 8888: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8867: 8861: 8858: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8847: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8823: 8820: 8819: 8817: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8790: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8768: 8765: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8752: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8661: 8655: 8652: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8504: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8483: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8474: 8471: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8442: 8439: 8438: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8420: 8414: 8413: 8412: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8400: 8394: 8390: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8372: 8366: 8362: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8308: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8253: 8248: 8246: 8241: 8239: 8234: 8233: 8230: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8121: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8097: 8091: 8088: 8084: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8061: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8039:and Tibetans) 8038: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8000: 7996: 7991: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7915: 7908: 7903: 7901: 7896: 7894: 7889: 7888: 7885: 7874: 7870: 7864: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7848:Gertse County 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7833:Tsamda County 7831: 7829: 7828:Purang County 7826: 7824: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7803: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7767:Xainza County 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7742:Seni District 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7731: 7725: 7722: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7688:Sangri County 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7649: 7646: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7615:Bayi District 7613: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7604: 7598: 7597:Banbar County 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7587:Markam County 7585: 7583: 7582:Zogang County 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7562:Riwoqê County 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7519:Nyalam County 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7509:Yadong County 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7469:Lhatse County 7467: 7465: 7464:Sa'gya County 7462: 7460: 7459:Tingri County 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7433: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7380: 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JISMOR, 8. 5740: 5737:Min Junqing. 5734: 5732: 5724: 5719: 5715: 5712: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5613: 5605: 5598: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5578:"Lhasa"  5574: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5552: 5536: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5514: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5464: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5440: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5416: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5392: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5368: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5344: 5328: 5324: 5316: 5300: 5296: 5288: 5272: 5268: 5260: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5224: 5218: 5214: 5203: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5174: 5166: 5160: 5156: 5148: 5142: 5134: 5128: 5124: 5116: 5109: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5076: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5044: 5037: 5036:0-7923-6688-3 5033: 5029: 5023: 5015: 5009: 5005: 5004: 4996: 4980: 4977:. china.org. 4976: 4970: 4954: 4950: 4944: 4929: 4925: 4919: 4911: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4875: 4869: 4862: 4856: 4847: 4838: 4831: 4819: 4817:9780429777899 4813: 4809: 4808: 4800: 4793: 4788: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4738: 4730: 4724: 4716: 4708: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4638: 4623: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4578:. 11 May 2021 4577: 4573: 4567: 4551: 4547: 4539: 4535: 4516: 4511: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4483: 4479: 4476:'Western 4469: 4463: 4455: 4450: 4446: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4370: 4367: 4361: 4356: 4353: 4342: 4335: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4323:, capital of 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4303: 4302:Tanggula Pass 4298: 4294: 4284: 4281: 4276: 4274: 4270: 4269:Peace Airport 4265: 4263: 4259: 4258:Gunsa Airport 4255: 4253: 4252:Gunsa Airport 4249: 4245: 4241: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4196:Potala Palace 4187: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4144: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4119: 4114: 4104: 4100: 4091: 4089: 4084: 4081: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4059: 4052: 4051: 4044: 4043: 4036: 4035: 4028: 4027: 4020: 4019: 4012: 4011: 4002: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3948:sterilization 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3910: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3898:incorporation 3895: 3886: 3881: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3854: 3853:Tingri County 3850: 3849:Mount Everest 3845: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3604:Central Tibet 3601: 3597: 3592: 3589: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3553:Menba (Monpa) 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3455: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3306: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3278: 3269: 3262: 3256: 3250:after census. 3249: 3243: 3237:after census. 3236: 3230: 3223: 3217: 3210: 3204: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2988: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2712: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2667:Seni District 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2605:Bayi District 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2433: 2432:Division code 2429: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2405: 2404: 2396: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2361: 2360: 2347: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2262:Wang Junzheng 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2236: 2232: 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Retrieved 4550:the original 4538: 4501: 4493: 4465: 4449: 4380:China portal 4329: 4306: 4290: 4277: 4266: 4256: 4237: 4221: 4193: 4157: 4145: 4138: 4134:Yartsa Gunbu 4133: 4129: 4123: 4115: 4092: 4085: 4077: 3968: 3913: 3906: 3891: 3874:Human rights 3857: 3846: 3842:Qing dynasty 3821: 3808:Most of the 3807: 3803:Confucianism 3794: 3783: 3760: 3726:Christianity 3624: 3593: 3585: 3502: 3459: 3451: 3289:Demographics 3277: 3268: 3255: 3242: 3229: 3216: 3203: 3186: 3173: 3152:see Nyingchi 3151: 3028: 2932:Shānnán Shì 2874:Chāngdū Shì 2785: 2773: 2768: 2758: 2715:Yamdrok Lake 2476:1,228,400.00 2412: 2399: 2392: 2385: 2378: 2371: 2364: 2357: 2312:Doilungdêqên 2297: 2282: 2238: 2203: 2187:Namcha Barwa 2179:Yellow River 2152: 2113: 2073:Yamdrok Lake 2058: 2041:agricultural 2033:hydrological 2021: 1960: 1945: 1890: 1869: 1841: 1835: 1833:over Tibet. 1819:Ming dynasty 1775: 1726: 1503: 1480: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1453: 1434: 1394:Romanization 1293:Tibetan name 1225:Southern Min 1173:Romanization 1152:Romanization 1008:Hanyu Pinyin 978:Hanyu Pinyin 868:Southern Min 802:Romanization 781:Romanization 646:Hanyu Pinyin 604:Hanyu Pinyin 576:Chinese name 545:(in Chinese) 415:Demographics 236:County-level 95:Abbreviation 79:Hanyu pinyin 29: 9293:wall murals 9197:Catholicism 8781:Environment 8455:(1720–1912) 8418:(1368–1644) 8398:(1270–1350) 8319:(Neolithic) 8317:Prehistory 7999:Prefectures 7873:South Tibet 7762:Amdo County 7752:Biru County 7648:Nang County 7637:Pome County 7524:Saga County 7421:Qüxü County 6764:China Daily 6740:12 December 6706:12 December 6676:11 December 6646:12 December 6540:Birgit Zotz 6302:. Durham : 6255:18 February 5569:Yule, Henry 5211:. Beijing: 5182:. Beijing: 4823:20 November 4556:18 December 4545:西藏概况(2007年) 4366:Asia portal 4208:Namtso Lake 3892:Before the 3810:Han Chinese 3537:Lisu people 3174:see Shannan 2996:Urban areas 2903:Línzhī Shì 2845:Rìkāzé Shì 2725:Namtso Lake 2439:Area in km 2163:Nyang River 2159:Brahmaputra 2148:hot springs 2142:and common 2081:Indus River 2050:Brahmaputra 2025:rain shadow 1917:sovereignty 1825:during the 1771: 1264 1756:Yuan empire 1752:Kublai Khan 1536:History of 1398:wargi Dzang 1374:Manchu name 1266:Eastern Min 1127:Xiao'erjing 909:Eastern Min 756:Xiao'erjing 433:0.8% others 338:24 deputies 252:74 counties 9431:Categories 9376:Tibetology 9345:Literature 9164:Dalai Lama 9017:Government 8975:Tibet Area 8970:Golden Urn 8936:Parliament 8461:Lifan Yuan 8388:(960–1279) 8325:Zhangzhung 8310:Chronology 7938:Tibet A.R. 7823:Gar County 7806:Prefecture 7772:Sog County 6832:9 November 6616:1 December 6573:27 October 6560:/999787640 6500:11 October 6461:11 October 6431:11 October 6401:11 October 6230:31 January 6036:9 December 5661:11 October 5624:Xizang gov 4933:1 December 4525:References 4250:, and the 3909:Hu Yaobang 3773:religion, 3612:Han people 3596:Han people 3529:Hui people 3509:Bai people 3444:Lifan Yuan 2976:Ngari Sakü 2696:Gar County 2689:296,822.62 2660:391,816.63 2598:113,964.79 2568:108,872.30 2538:182,066.26 2448:Divisions 2403:Prefecture 2293:prefecture 2258:Yan Jinhai 2225:See also: 2221:Government 2211:Lake Paiku 2177:, and the 2109:Chang Tang 1850:warlordism 1812:. 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Index

Tibet (1912–1951)
Tibet
Autonomous region
Simplified Chinese
Hanyu pinyin
Tibetan script
Tibetan pinyin
Wylie translit.
The Potala Palace in Lhasa
Potala Palace
Lhasa
Location of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China (territory claimed by China but controlled by India is striped)
Country
China
Lhasa
Prefecture-level
County-level
Township-
level

7 prefectures
Autonomous region
Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress
CCP Secretary
Wang Junzheng
Losang Jamcan
Yan Jinhai
CPPCC
Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
National People's Congress
2nd
32nd

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