National People's Congress

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on the plan for national economic and social development and on its implementation, the national budget, and other matters. The Basic Laws of both the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region, and the laws creating Hainan Province and Chongqing Municipality and the building of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River were all passed by the NPC in plenary session, legislation passed by the Standing Committee when it is in recess carry the same weight as those of the whole of the Congress. In performing these responsibilities either as a whole chamber or by its Standing Committee, the NPC acts in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the People's Republic in acting on these issues in aid of legislation.

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legislative power, and Chinese courts do not have the authority to determine constitutionality of legislation or administrative measures. Challenges to constitutionality have therefore become the responsibility of the National People's Congress which has a recording and review mechanism for constitutional issues. The NPC has created a set of institutions which monitor local administrative measures for constitutionality. Typically, the Legislative Affairs Committee will review legislation for constitutionality and then inform the enacting agencies of its findings, and rely on the enacting agency to reverse its decision. Although the NPC has the legal authority to annul unconstitutional legislation by a local government, it has never used that power.

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following the approval by the NPCSC, the amendments will be presented during the plenary session to all of the deputies for a final vote on the matter. If a fifth or more of the CCP party faction deputies will propose amendments either on their own or with the other parties in plenary session, the same process is applied. In contrast to ordinary legislation, in which the Legislation Law largely directs the process, the process for constitutional revision is largely described by CCP documents.

12200: 2797: 5512:) had a combined wealth of $ 650 billion. This was up from a combined wealth of $ 500 billion for the wealthiest 209 delegates in 2017, when (according to state media) 20% of delegates were private entrepreneurs. In 2013, 90 delegates were among the richest 1000 Chinese, each having a net worth of at least 1.8 billion yuan ($ 289.4 million). This richest 3% of delegates' average net worth was $ 1.1 billion (compared to an average net worth of $ 271 million for the richest 3% in the 424: 12188: 11152: 671: 11162: 12212: 5492:"approximately 12%" of all seats for the next NPC, a practice followed by all subsequent NPC meetings. Per the Election Law, the NPCSC is authorized to allocate the quota seats to each provincial delegation based on the "population and distribution". The law also requires that each of China's 55 official ethnic minorities have at least one elected deputy to Congress. 4880:. If the candidates in question are nominated for a top-level position, in a special plenary session the Central Committee also endorses the nominees just before the NPC session for election by the Congress. Before the plenum ends, the CCP customarily holds a "democratic consultative meeting", formally informing non-CCP organizations, such as the 5694:

into a yearly agenda which outlines the work of the NPC in a particular year. This is followed by consultation by experts and approving in principle by the CCP. Afterwards, the legislation undergoes three readings and public consultation. The final approval is done in a plenary session in which by convention the vote is near unanimous.

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history. Moreover, in 2015, the NPC refused to pass a package of bills proposed by the State Council, insisting that each bill require a separate vote and revision process. The time for legislation can be as short as six months, or as long as 15 years for controversial legislation such as the Anti-Monopoly Law.

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normal election, the process of selecting the nominees generally entails repeated discussions between Party leaders, multiple rounds of discussions with CCP members in high-ranking positions and with major non-Party organizations, as well as anti-corruption and political review of the potential candidates.

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The Election Law requires the composition of NPC delegates to be "broadly representative". Since the beginning of the reform and opening up era in 1978, the each NPC at their last session have released a "decision on the quotas and elections" for the next NPC, allocating a certain number of seats for

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Membership to the congress is part-time in nature and carries no pay. Delegates to the National People's Congress are allowed to hold seats in other bodies of government simultaneously and the party and the NPC typically includes all of the senior officials in Chinese politics. However, membership of

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The NPC had never rejected a government bill until 1986, during the Bankruptcy Law proceedings, wherein a revised bill was passed in the same session. An outright rejection without a revised version being passed occurred in 2000 when a Highway Law was rejected, the first occurrence in sixty years of

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As the NPC only meets annually, the NPCSC effectively functions as the national legislature of China for most of the year. It is granted with nearly all the lawmaking powers as the NPC itself, though it lacks the powers to amend the constitution and to appoint or remove national-level personnel. The

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Membership to the congress is part-time in nature and carries no pay, with deputies spending around 49 weeks per year at their home provinces. NPC members may be elected to represent a province that they do not live in. Delegates have the legal right to make speeches in the full chamber of the Great

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Full Central Committee endorsement for lower-level positions, such as regular NPCSC members, the State Council Secretary-General and departmental heads, and all members of the Special Committees and their committee chairpersons, is also expected. During the NPC session, the official in the Presidium

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The CCP leadership plays a large role in the approval of constitutional amendments. In contrast to ordinary legislation, which the CCP leadership approves the legislation in principle, and in which the legislation is then introduced by government ministers or individual NPC delegates, constitutional

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The NPC has the sole power to amend the Constitution. Amendments to the Constitution must be proposed by the NPC Standing Committee or one-fifth or more of the NPC deputies. In order for the Amendments to become effective, they must be passed by a two-thirds majority vote of all deputies. The NPC is

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The NPC's other legislative work is creating legislation on, examining, and reviewing major national issues of concern presented to the Congress by either the CCP Central Committee, the State Council, or its own deputies either of the NPCSC or its committees. These include legislation on the report

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The NPC's has the sole power to "enact and amend basic criminal and civil laws, basic laws governing the State organs, and other basic laws". To do this, the NPC acts in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the People's Republic in regards to its legislative activities. When the congress is

6646:

In theory, the NPC makes laws, elects China's president and vice president (and can remove them), confirms nominations for premiership and ministerial positions, and can amend the Chinese Constitution. In practice, it does none of these things...he reality is that power, policy, and the law are in

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The legislative process of the NPCSC works according to a five-year work plan drafted by the Legislative Affairs Commission. Within the work plan, a specific piece of legislative is drafted by a group of legislators or administrative agencies within the State Council, these proposals are collected

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and a Secretary-General for the session is elected. The Presidium presides over the NPC plenary meetings, determining its daily schedule, decides whether to list a delegate's bill on the agenda, hear delegate deliberation reports and decides whether to put an item to vote, nominates the candidates

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A 150-seat quota for ethnic minorities was enacted in China's first election law in 1953. The 1982 constitution mandates that every ethnic minority should have "an appropriate number of delegates". The 5th NPC abandoned an explicit quota for ethnic minorities, substituting it with an allocation of

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In practice, although the final votes on laws of the NPC often return a high affirmative vote, a great deal of legislative activity occurs in determining the content of the legislation to be voted on. A major bill such as the Securities Law can take years to draft, and a bill sometimes will not be

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The primary role of the CCP in the legislative process largely is exercised during the proposal and drafting of any legislation. Before the NPC considers legislation, there are working groups which study the proposed topic, and CCP leadership must first agree to any legislative changes before they

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In addition to passing legislation, the NPCSC interacts with local governments through its constitutional review process. In contrast with other jurisdictions by which constitutional enforcement is considered a judicial power, in Chinese political theory, constitutional enforcement is considered a

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and then presented by party deputies under the Standing Committee to the whole of the NPC during its yearly plenary session. If Congress is on recess and the Standing Committee is in session, the same process is repeated by either the party leader in the NPCSC or by one of the party deputies, but

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The party sits above any legal code and even China's constitution, its powers unchecked by any court. Indeed, Mr Xi denounces judicial independence and the separation of powers as dangerous foreign ideas. Instead, to hear legal scholars explain it, Mr Xi is offering rule by law: ie, professional

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In addition to the Standing Committee, ten special committees have been established under the NPC to study issues related to specific fields. They include full time staff, who meet regularly to draft and discuss legislative work and policy proposals and the deputies assigned to the committees. A

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in 2018, the PLA and PAP have formed a joint delegation. The PLA delegation has been amongst the largest since the founding of the NPC, making up anywhere from 4 percent of the total delegates (3rd NPC), to 17 percent (4th NPC). Since the 5th NPC, it has usually held about 9 percent of the total

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The CCP maintains control over the composition of deputies of people's congresses, especially in the National People's Congress. By law, all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP. Although CCP approval is, in effect, essential for membership in the NPC, approximately a

4868:

The election and appointments for high-ranking posts are effectively decided secretly within the CCP months in advance, with NPC delegates having no say in these decisions. Elections in extraordinary circumstances have a similar approach with CCP involvement. According to official accounts, in a

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Elections and appointments differ in that elections can theoretically be competitive with multiple candidates submitted by the Presidium, or with write-in votes by the delegates, while the delegates can only vote for the official nominee in appointments. However, nearly all of the elections are

5429:

since the 10th NPC in 2003. The delegates from Hong Kong and Macau are elected via an electoral college rather than by popular vote, but do include significant political figures who are residing in the regions. Since their transfer of sovereignty, Hong Kong and Macau have been given 36 and 12

5449:

Delegations from Taiwan are chosen by "consultative election meetings" composed of 120 "compatriots of Taiwanese ancestry" hailing from various provinces in China, the central government and party agencies, and the military. Since the 6th NPC, Taiwan has been given 6 deputies at the NPC.

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of China. Prior to the 2000s, the Taiwan delegates in the NPC were mostly Taiwanese members of the Chinese Communist Party who fled Taiwan after 1947. They are now either deceased or elderly, and in the last three Congresses, only one of the "Taiwan" deputies was actually born in Taiwan

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in recess, its Standing Committee enacts all legislation presented to it by the CCP Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, other government organs or by the deputies themselves either of the standing committee or those of the committees within the NPC.

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in charge of personnel explains the proposed nominees and the selection process to the delegates. The delegates are then granted the short bios of the candidates, and given time for "deliberations and consultations", or simply "deliberations" for the appointed positions.

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legislature or as only being able to affect issues of low sensitivity and salience to the CCP. Legislation typically passes quickly, but there are notable examples where laws do not get through the NPC, and negative votes have become more commonplace since its inception.

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The National People's Congress meets in full session for roughly two weeks each year and votes on important pieces of legislation and personnel assignments, among other things. These sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the National Committee of the

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For the first three NPCs, there was a special delegation for returned overseas Chinese, but this was eliminated starting in the 4th NPC, and although overseas Chinese remain a recognized group in the NPC, they are now scattered among the various delegations.

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NPCSC passes the vast majority of China's laws, and has the powers to conduct oversight over governmental bodies, appoint or remove top-level personnel that are not in the national-level, ratifies treaties, grant special amnesties, and confer state honors.

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third of the seats are by convention reserved for non-CCP members. This includes technical experts and deputies of the eight minor parties. While these members provide technical expertise and a somewhat greater diversity of views, they do not function as a

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took place in September 1949, inviting delegates from various friendly parties to attend and discuss the establishment of a new state (PRC). This conference was then renamed the People's Political Consultative Conference. The first conference approved the

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Hall of the People during NPC sessions, though they rarely exercise this right. Delegates are allowed to simultaneously hold seats in other bodies of government and the party and the NPC typically includes all of the senior officials in Chinese politics.

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The constitution guarantees the CCP is guaranteed a leadership role, and the NPC therefore does not serve as a forum of debate between government and opposition parties as is the case with Western parliaments. This has led to the NPC being described as a

4549:). According to the NPC, its annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and to present future plans to the nation. Due to the temporary nature of the plenary sessions, most of NPC's power is delegated to the 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 6987:

governance by officials following standardised procedures. At home, the party hopes that this sort of authoritarian rule will enjoy more legitimacy than a previously prevailing alternative: arbitrary decision-making by (often corrupt) officials.

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the Standing Committee is often full-time and carries a salary, and Standing Committee members are not allowed to simultaneously hold positions in executive, judicial, prosecutorial or supervisory posts. Under

9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 8218: 5574:, as well as regular members. NPCSC membership is often full-time and carries a salary, and members are not allowed to simultaneously hold positions in executive, judicial, prosecutorial or supervisory posts. 5567: 3192: 2223: 10075: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 3221: 2891: 7949: 4732:, NPC "deputies convey citizen grievances but shy away from sensitive political issues, and the government in turn displays partial responsiveness to their concerns." According to Austin Ramzy, writing for 9506: 9501: 9496: 8511: 8501: 5590: 3208: 9478: 9473: 2729: 2092: 5630:

large portion of legislative work in China are effectively delegated to these committees in between the bimonthly plenary sessions of the NPCSC. There are currently 10 special committees, which are:

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Martin, Shane; Saalfeld, Thomas; Strøm, Kaare W.; Schuler, Paul; Malesky, Edmund J. (1 January 2014), Martin, Shane; Saalfeld, Thomas; Strøm, Kaare W. (eds.), "Authoritarian Legislatures",

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for the next five years. The conference approved the new national anthem, flag, capital city, and state name, and elected the first government of the People's Republic of China. It was a

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During the Two Sessions, the NPC and the CPPCC hear and discuss reports from the premier of the State Council, the president of the Supreme People's Court, and the procurator-general.

10068: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 7269: 4917:; people's congresses are indirectly elected at all levels by the congress at the level below, except at the county and township level. Additionally, delegations are allocated to the 1305: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 4116: 1607: 7391: 2765: 1851: 4541:(CPPCC), a consultative body whose members represent various social groups. As the NPC and the CPPCC are the main deliberative bodies of China, they are often referred to as the 1248: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 5479:

delegate seats, and is consistently the largest delegation in the NPC. In the 14th NPC, for example, the PLA and PAP delegation has 281 deputies; the next largest delegation is

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Lü, Xiaobo; Liu, Mingxing; Li, Feiyue (1 August 2020). "Policy Coalition Building in an Authoritarian Legislature: Evidence From China's National Assemblies (1983-2007)".

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A number of administrative bodies have also been established under the Standing Committee to provide support for the day-to-day operation of the NPC. These include:

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The military sends its own delegation to the NPC, which is elected by servicemember election committees of top-level military subdivisions, including the PLA's

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has tracked the wealth of some of the NPC's delegates: in 2018, the 153 delegates classed by the report as "super rich" (including China's wealthiest person,

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the NPC "is a carefully crafted pageant intended to convey the image of a transparent, responsive government." One of the NPC's members, Hu Xiaoyan, told

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beginning in 1931 where the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies was held on 7 November 1931, in

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The NPC Standing Committee is the permanent body of the NPC, elected by the legislature to meet regularly while it is not in session. It consists of a

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in 2009 that she has no power to help her constituents. She was quoted as saying, "As a parliamentary representative, I don't have any real power."

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legislature, with the power to amend the Constitution, legislate and oversee the operations of the government, and elect the major officers of the

4251: 2912: 2585: 1887: 1816: 1805: 1795: 38: 7433:"Number of Deputies to All the Previous National People's Congresses in 2005 Statistical Yearbook, source: National Bureau of Statistics of China" 7122: 6036: 11845: 10380: 7615:[Taiwanese delegate Zhang Xiong: 'Stenographer' to the NPC Taiwan Delegation] (in Chinese). Big5.huaxia.com. 8 March 2012. Archived from 4269: 4229: 3573: 2780: 1864: 1557: 1284: 6867: 12054: 11237: 11191: 10761: 9658: 8010: 5536: 5530: 5434: 4922: 4901:

put before a final vote if there is significant opposition to the measure either within the Congress or by deputies in the Standing Committee.

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at all levels except the county-level. The CCP controls the nomination and election processes at every level in the people's congress system.

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body. Most delegates to the NPC are officially elected by local people's congresses at the provincial level; local legislatures which are

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Members of the NPC Special Committees, including their chairpersons, Vice Chairpersons, and regular members (nominated by the Presidium)

12013: 10498: 10424: 10264: 9696: 9488: 5644: 4822: 3013: 2900: 2500: 2264: 1860: 1253: 11940: 4613:. A Second National Congress took place from 22 January to 1 February 1934. During the event, only 693 deputies were elected with the 11985: 11242: 11184: 11127: 10700: 10509: 4553:(NPCSC), which consists of about 170 legislators and meets in continuous bi-monthly sessions, when its parent NPC is not in session. 4499: 3477: 3278: 2971: 2922: 2122: 462: 370: 217: 24: 12143: 10247: 10219: 10156: 10115: 9291: 7919: 7748: 7612: 6828: 5649: 4877: 4021: 4001: 3298: 2849: 2269: 1836: 1507: 1408: 1209: 507: 406: 11995: 11645: 11069: 10712: 10224: 10161: 9006: 7863: 6749: 5972: 5674: 4502:. The NPC is elected for a term of five years. It holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in the 4297: 3845: 3599: 2294: 1677: 12232: 6110: 4865:

non-competitive with a single candidate, with only elections for the regular members of the NPCSC being competitive since 1988.

11720: 11360: 11044: 10187: 10151: 8089: 5541: 4325: 4261: 2524: 2483: 1692: 1686: 1658: 1465: 4636:, who organized the first Political Consultative Assembly from 10 to 31 January 1946. Representatives of the Kuomintang, CCP, 4430: 12252: 11685: 11600: 11440: 7775: 7523: 6531: 6342: 3744: 3693: 2989: 1820: 1665: 1296: 7468: 6196: 11610: 11227: 11089: 10794: 9465: 8005: 7307: 6923: 5679: 4204: 4184: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4006: 3485: 2886: 2874: 2868: 2299: 31: 8042: 4798:

Members of the NPC Standing Committee, including its chairperson, Vice Chairperson, Secretary-General, and regular members

12084: 12069: 11945: 11655: 11565: 11395: 10387: 10271: 10008: 8887: 6699: 5868:[Election Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congress of the People 's Republic of China]. 5475: 5453: 4857: 4701: 4574: 4289: 4107: 4102: 3388: 3382: 2563: 2519: 1870: 1454: 5898: 12099: 12064: 12008: 11920: 11840: 11350: 11232: 10466: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9407: 7059: 5814: 5795: 5752: 5664: 5433:

The NPC has included a "Taiwan" delegation since the 4th NPC in 1975, in line with the PRC's position that Taiwan is a

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Drafting the Securities Law: The role of the National People's Congress in creating China's new market economy

7091: 12074: 11915: 11755: 11740: 11670: 11615: 11575: 11475: 11460: 11380: 11315: 11252: 11084: 10989: 7491: 6448: 6391: 6298: 6068: 5446:); the remainder are "second-generation Taiwan compatriots", whose parents or grandparents came from Taiwan. 3112: 2510: 1267: 870: 769: 743: 12242: 11875: 11830: 11745: 11730: 11505: 11490: 11485: 11375: 11320: 11310: 10478: 5747: 4794:

The NPC elects and appoints top-level positions in the Chinese state. The following positions are elected:

4689: 4479: 4320: 4157: 3991: 3881: 3860: 3725: 3712: 3245: 3156: 3146: 3080: 1634: 1480: 1475: 1196: 7006: 5995: 1170: 78: 12049: 12023: 11805: 11795: 11715: 11690: 11625: 11465: 11400: 11390: 11290: 11094: 10665: 10397: 10125: 5621: 4918: 4312: 3972: 3446: 3440: 3085: 2800: 2690: 1624: 1602: 7886: 12166: 11960: 11705: 11695: 11640: 11545: 11500: 11455: 11445: 11285: 11039: 11004: 10959: 10680: 7129: 4443: 4406: 4368: 4338: 4070: 3967: 3456: 3433: 3398: 3046: 3023: 1718: 4644:, as well as independent delegates, attended the conference in Chongqing, temporary capital of China. 11935: 11925: 11675: 11620: 11585: 11510: 11305: 11280: 10929: 10924: 10819: 10419: 10022: 9682: 8721: 7642:[List of Deputies to the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China]. 7051: 6859: 6647:

the hands of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and that party positions always matter most in China.

6037:"China scraps premier's annual news conference a day before rubber-stamp parliament opens in Beijing" 4705: 4495: 3631: 3578: 3007: 2505: 1629: 1519: 1215: 1203: 1017: 8000: 4692:

in China, and all four Chinese constitutions have granted it a large amount of lawmaking power. The

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with the parties holding talks on post-World War II political reforms. This was included in the

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Zhu, Ghoubin (2010). "Constitutional Review in China: An Unaccomplished Project or a Mirage?".

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The NPC meets for about two weeks each year at the same time as the National Committee of the

11785: 11580: 11520: 11425: 11415: 11275: 11054: 10969: 10949: 10834: 10824: 10720: 10565: 10522: 10370: 7598: 6334: 4934: 4040: 3876: 2402: 1470: 1460: 1372: 1367: 1080: 958: 11880: 11775: 11770: 11099: 11034: 10999: 10934: 10914: 10904: 10864: 10849: 10844: 10690: 10655: 10635: 10620: 10527: 10448: 7386: 7270:"China's National People's Congress is meeting this week. Don't expect checks and balances" 4283: 4275: 4194: 4147: 4111: 4095: 3833: 3626: 3288: 3180: 3129: 2670: 2620: 2044: 1713: 1703: 1573: 516: 397: 8: 12089: 11890: 11835: 11815: 11605: 11560: 11435: 11430: 11355: 11137: 11109: 11059: 11019: 10994: 10974: 10909: 10884: 10874: 10859: 10780: 10685: 10675: 10645: 10630: 10625: 10610: 10605: 10570: 10532: 10517: 10314: 9710: 7274: 4921:(PLA), the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, as well as the claimed 4602: 4343: 4143: 4046: 4011: 3920: 3855: 3683: 3501: 2966: 2696: 2382: 1761: 1592: 1239: 813: 810: 807: 804: 786: 783: 780: 777: 7911: 7740: 7616: 11895: 11590: 11550: 11410: 10979: 10944: 10899: 10894: 10803: 10741: 10650: 10640: 10575: 10555: 10542: 10348: 10107: 9836: 7675: 6704: 6587: 6475: 6416: 6348: 6167: 6159: 6041: 4801: 4733: 4693: 4598: 4162: 3996: 3652: 3638: 3107: 2324: 2192: 2128: 2102: 1773: 1751: 1743: 1552: 1382: 744:

Rules of Procedure for the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

8081: 8075: 7853: 7577:"Of Iron or Rubber?: People's Deputies of Hong Kong to the National People's Congress" 6931: 6739: 5964: 718: 11161: 10725: 10695: 10615: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10580: 10560: 10550: 10203: 7644: 7594: 7326: 7055: 6965: 6709: 6592: 6527: 6479: 6467: 6424: 6420: 6408: 6338: 6303: 6171: 6151: 6132:

Truex, Rory (28 April 2014). "The Returns to Office in a "Rubber Stamp" Parliament".

6100: 6006: 5810: 5791: 5772: 4637: 4530: 4307: 3957: 3927: 3720: 3658: 3609: 3324: 2827: 1161: 1094: 590: 566: 6352: 312: 12216: 12204: 12028: 11176: 10375: 10365: 10324: 7980: 7702: 7584: 7382:"China's annual Communist Party shindig is welcoming a handful of new tech tycoons" 7316: 6519: 6457: 6400: 6330: 6218: 6143: 4909:

The Election Law restricts the NPC's maximum size to 3,000 deputy seats. Under the

4840: 4614: 4507: 4247: 3864: 2856: 2448: 2388: 1730: 1545: 1274: 1031: 937: 907: 840: 682: 584: 560: 7519: 12192: 12125: 11905: 10407: 9645: 7985: 7972: 7741:"Organic Law of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China" 7458: 7043: 6191:. China research monographs ; no. 10. Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, 6186: 5443: 4514: 4302: 3906: 2834: 1221: 1120: 1112: 1058: 981: 5807:

Whither China's Democracy: Democratization in China Since the Tiananmen Incident

11780: 11300: 8244: 8032: 7713: 7321: 7302: 6628: 5535:

Before each plenary meeting of the NPC, a preparatory meeting is held, where a

4653: 4177: 3766: 3730: 3700: 3644: 3293: 2748: 2666: 2634: 2115: 1619: 1142: 1134: 489: 352: 233: 189: 6243: 6147: 4891: 4486:. The NPC is the only branch of government in China, and per the principle of 12226: 12120: 11930: 11262: 11208: 11155: 8347: 8304: 8298: 8292: 8232: 8195: 8149: 7330: 6969: 6960: 6713: 6596: 6471: 6462: 6443: 6412: 6404: 6188:

The Kiangsi Soviet Republic: Mao and the National Congresses of 1931 and 1934

6155: 6010: 6001: 4610: 4562: 4487: 3808: 3392: 3225: 2654: 2457: 2430: 2416: 1756: 1500: 1362: 257: 252: 247: 179: 96: 12180: 12115: 11970: 11885: 8522:

Committee for the Basic Law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

8377: 8286: 8250: 8226: 6274: 5711: 5505: 5439: 4941:

demographic groups or setting forth guidelines on a groups representation.

4660: 4621: 4542: 4424: 4396: 3735: 3665: 3374: 2595: 2487: 2464: 2437: 2229: 1892: 914: 847: 242: 197: 174: 7942:"The NPCSC Legislative Affairs Commission and Its "Invisible Legislators"" 7175:"Explainer: How Seats in China's National People's Congress Are Allocated" 11211: 11165: 8395: 8353: 8256: 8159: 6829:"Explainer: China to Amend the Constitution for the Fifth Time (UPDATED)" 4884:, of the proposed nominees and soliciting their views on the candidates. 4033: 3915: 3821: 3674: 3589: 3251: 3214: 3202: 2709: 2164: 1979: 1965: 1490: 1336: 1288: 423: 205: 12187: 7589: 7576: 6163: 5769:

Making Autocracy Work: Representation and Responsiveness in Modern China

2892:

State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense

11219: 8527:

Committee for the Basic Law for the Macao Special Administrative Region

8383: 8371: 8359: 8335: 8329: 8262: 8201: 8189: 8137: 7092:"NPC 2023: How China Selects Its State Leaders for the Next Five Years" 6890: 5509: 4083: 4027: 3527: 3427: 3314: 2956: 2928: 2735: 2602: 2578: 2471: 2332: 2110:

Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission

1994: 1949: 1910: 1896: 1880: 1827: 1345: 1309: 1300: 1278: 1234: 1225: 670: 213: 11870: 6794: 5710:, usually in the Spring. The combined sessions have been known as the 4760:

also responsible for supervising the enforcement of the constitution.

11405: 11370: 10772: 8341: 8323: 8274: 8207: 8165: 7794: 6073: 5861: 5422: 4764:

amendments are drafted and debated within the party, approved by the

3962: 3787: 3565: 3550: 3523: 3040: 2423: 2358: 2217: 2069: 2010: 1923: 1698: 1327: 229: 152: 10172: 4585:

The current National People's Congress can trace its origins to the

11630: 8280: 8238: 8177: 8037: 6744: 6105: 5486: 5480: 4745: 4498:(SPC) are subservient to it. With 2,977 members in 2023, it is the 4089: 2878: 2860: 2683: 2627: 2396: 2002: 1959: 1919: 1318: 1243: 237: 184: 7239:"The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China" 6101:"Two sessions: Can a rubberstamp parliament help China's economy?" 11735: 11480: 11470: 8365: 8183: 8069: 7048:

China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict

6551: 5743:

List of voting results of the National People's Congress of China

4667:

legislature of the PRC during the first five years of existence.

4594: 3450: 703: 686: 6776:

The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

6547:"Nothing to see but comfort for Xi at China's annual parliament" 11535: 11515: 8268: 8171: 8143: 8033:"China's 'two sessions': Economics, environment and Xi's power" 4944: 4751:

Formally, there are four main functions and powers of the NPC:

4606: 4590: 3751: 3542: 3515: 2344: 2037: 2024: 1971: 1934: 1927: 1708: 998: 221: 12211: 7708:"China's Richer-Than-Romney Lawmakers Reveal Reform Challenge" 6323:

Useful Bullshit: Constitutions in Chinese Politics and Society

6248:

The Common Program of the People's Republic of China 1949-1954

6223:

The Common Program of the People's Republic of China 1949-1954

5685:

These are organized in like manner as the Standing Committee.

3536:

Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization

2537:

State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission

963: 10086: 9714: 7795:"FAQs: National People's Congress and Its Standing Committee" 7670:"Chinese Lawmakers' Wallets Have Grown Along With Xi's Power" 7517: 6928:

Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China

6442:

Gandhi, Jennifer; Noble, Ben; Svolik, Milan (1 August 2020).

5670:

Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee

5426: 5425:

has had a separate delegation since the 9th NPC in 1998, and

4674:

transferred this function to the National People's Congress.

4483: 4189: 3792: 690: 5788:

Dictionary of the Politics of the People's Republic of China

54:

National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

6493: 6491: 6489: 5786:

Mackerras, Colin; McMillen, Donald; Watson, Andrew (2001).

5603:

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Basic Law Committee

4892:

Determining major state issues worthy of legislative action

4872:

The list of candidates is then approved first by the CCP's

4754: 6661:"The National People's Congress: Functions and Membership" 6509: 5417: 4913:, the NPC is elected by the 32 people's congresses at the 3509:

Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture

30:"Parliament of China" redirects here. For other uses, see 7817: 6700:"Q. and A.: How China's National People's Congress Works" 6444:"Legislatures and Legislative Politics Without Democracy" 5721:

Between these sessions, NPC's power are exercised by the

6772:"Functions and Powers of the National People's Congress" 6624:"Beijing Holds Annual Two Sessions Amid Economic Crisis" 6486: 4828:

Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate

4789: 4786:

are presented to either the full Congress or the NPCSC.

8111: 6800: 6270:"China's 'Two Sessions': More Control, Less Networking" 5785: 5655:

Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee

5606:

Macao Special Administrative Region Basic Law Committee

7836: 7834: 7832: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6362: 4850:(nominated by the Premier, appointed by the President) 16:

National legislature of the People's Republic of China

12164: 7763: 2982:

Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)

919: 852: 11206: 7701: 7216: 7204: 7192: 6583:"China's Parliament Is a Growing Billionaires' Club" 5723:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

5558:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

4730:

Princeton School of Public and International Affairs

4551:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

3803:

Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs

1351:

Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members

1099: 1085: 658:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

9166:

Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation

7829: 7007:"The PRC Legislative Process: Rule Making in China" 6806: 6669:

Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation

6576: 6574: 6359: 5617:

Special Committee of the National People's Congress

4054:

Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits

2290:

Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation

7854:"National People's Congress Organizational System" 7706: 7668: 6953: 6854: 6852: 6850: 5994: 5708:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 4539:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 133:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 43:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 7705:; Wei, Michael; Sanderson, Henry (7 March 2013). 6441: 5738:Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union 4716:are all formally under the authority of the NPC. 12224: 6778:. The National People's Congress. Archived from 6571: 5487:Ethnic minorities and overseas Chinese delegates 5457:The 12th National People's Congress held in 2013 39:National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party 6847: 5936:State Council of the People's Republic of China 4525:. Some observers characterize the branch as a 4230:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs 1036: 1022: 7489: 7128:(Report). Cambridge University. Archived from 7001: 6999: 6997: 6995: 4812:Chairperson of the Central Military Commission 4609:on 18 March 1932, the 61st Anniversary of the 3457:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police 1455:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1) 732:Constitution of the People's Republic of China 11192: 10788: 10188: 10069: 9690: 9108:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health 8097: 7233: 7231: 7120: 6823: 6821: 6069:"China's rubber-stamp parliament at a glance" 5857: 5855: 5544:ceremonies. Its functions are defined in the 5540:for the top state offices, and organizes the 4451: 3574:National Press and Publication Administration 2275:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health 889: 875: 801: 774: 59: 10279:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4945:Demographics of National People's Congresses 4521:, the NPC works under the leadership of the 4153:International Development Cooperation Agency 3605:National Radio and Television Administration 2771:Reform & Organizational Structure Office 2501:National Development & Reform Commission 2079:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 1943:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission 1125: 1003: 10091:Province-level people's congresses of China 8512:Deputy Qualification Examination Commission 8001:"Activating The National People's Congress" 7971:Cabestan, Jean-Pierre (14 September 2022). 7520:"IPU PARLINE Database: General Information" 7492:"New nat'l legislature sees more diversity" 6992: 6955:"Rule by law, with Chinese characteristics" 5531:Presidium of the National People's Congress 2378:State Council (Central People's Government) 1988:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission 270:Secretary-General of the Standing Committee 11199: 11185: 10795: 10781: 10195: 10181: 10076: 10062: 9697: 9683: 8104: 8090: 8074: 7345:"National Congress of the Communist Party" 7228: 6860:"Recording & Review: A Reintroduction" 6818: 6512:The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies 5852: 5645:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee 5625:National People's Congress Office Building 5499: 5474:(PAP) was placed under the command of the 5430:deputies elected to the NPC respectively. 4843:(nominated and appointed by the President) 4513:Since Chinese politics functions within a 4458: 4444: 1466:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27) 965:rgyal yongs mi dmangs 'thus mi tshogs chen 717: 7984: 7588: 7320: 7301:Hao, Mingsong; Ke, Xiwang (5 July 2023). 6461: 4210:International Military Cooperation Office 3478:Office for Safeguarding National Security 2123:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work 1481:Highest state organ of power (Article 57) 826:Nationwide People Representative Assembly 7973:"More Power to the People's Congresses?" 7970: 7823: 6267: 5804: 5650:Financial and Economic Affairs Committee 5620: 5581: 5452: 4755:Constitutional amendment and enforcement 4728:According to academic Rory Truex of the 4022:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs 4002:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement 2850:National Defense Mobilization Commission 2057:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission 7774:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLinCheng ( 7379: 7337: 7038: 7036: 7034: 6524:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.013.0004 6388: 6320: 5862:National People's Congress of the PRC. 5805:Lin, Feng; Cheng, Joseph Y. S. (2011). 5675:Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee 5418:Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan delegations 4833:The following positions are appointed: 4823:President of the Supreme People's Court 4688:Under the constitution, the NPC is the 4298:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 3367:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission 3047:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police 1471:Protection of human rights (Article 33) 168:Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee 12225: 10802: 8045:from the original on 22 September 2018 7574: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7150: 6621: 6335:10.7591/cornell/9781501761270.001.0001 6184: 5959: 5957: 5926: 5924: 5909:from the original on 16 September 2021 5809:. City University of Hong Kong Press. 5461: 4326:China and the World Trade Organization 4262:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens 3399:Public Security Organs People's Police 1693:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 1024:Бөх улсын ардын төлөөлөгчдийн их хурал 987:Daengx Guek Yinzminz Daibyauj Daihhoih 23:. For the list of prior sessions, see 11180: 10776: 10202: 10176: 10057: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10028: 10026: 10021: 10019: 10014: 10012: 10007: 10005: 10000: 9998: 9992: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9956: 9954: 9952: 9946: 9944: 9896: 9854: 9852: 9835: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9764: 9762: 9760: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9729: 9727: 9678: 8085: 7866:from the original on 16 November 2014 7840: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7556:from the original on 26 February 2023 7498:from the original on 10 November 2013 7427: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7300: 7267: 7222: 7210: 7198: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7071: 6918: 6916: 6812: 6801:Mackerras, McMillen & Watson 2001 6697: 6658: 6497: 6376: 6131: 6081:from the original on 28 February 2024 5971:. China Internet Information Center. 5942:from the original on 4 September 2021 5766: 5610: 5551: 4790:Electing and appointing state leaders 4500:largest legislative body in the world 3745:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission 3694:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues 3434:State Security Organs People's Police 2990:Commission Against Corruption (Macau) 2923:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform 2756:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission 8013:from the original on 4 November 2023 8006:Mercator Institute for China Studies 7922:from the original on 3 November 2023 7887:"Bilingual NPC Organizational Chart" 7805:from the original on 3 November 2023 7769: 7751:from the original on 11 January 2023 7721:from the original on 10 January 2017 7439:from the original on 4 December 2010 7308:Journal of Chinese Political Science 7102:from the original on 7 November 2023 7089: 7031: 6901:from the original on 4 November 2023 6870:from the original on 3 November 2023 6835:from the original on 19 October 2019 6720:from the original on 2 November 2021 6679:from the original on 8 February 2024 6017:from the original on 8 November 2023 5893: 5891: 5872:(in Chinese (China)). Archived from 5680:Social Development Affairs Committee 4677: 4624:, the CCP and the Kuomintang held a 4185:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 4007:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement 32:Parliament of China (disambiguation) 7884: 7683:from the original on 2 January 2022 7666: 7518:International Parliamentary Union. 7172: 7147: 6946: 6580: 6295: 6261: 6236: 5954: 5921: 4290:National Immigration Administration 3335:Federation of Industry and Commerce 2972:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012 2730:National Defense Mobilization Dept. 1531:General Principles of the Civil Law 1126: 943:རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་མི་དམངས་འཐུས་མི་ཚོགས་ཆེན་ 13: 12100:South African Republic (1857–1902) 7782: 7538: 7406: 7261: 7068: 7042: 6913: 6764: 6503: 6435: 6382: 5759: 5753:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 5665:Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 4569:, the Supreme People's Court, the 4078:Central Foreign Affairs Commission 3760:Cyberspace Administration of China 1767:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards 146:Chairman of the Standing Committee 14: 12264: 12085:Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) 10457:Political Consultative Conference 8061: 7952:from the original on 6 March 2019 7859:China Internet Information Center 7526:from the original on 5 March 2013 7471:from the original on 6 April 2012 7394:from the original on 4 April 2018 7361:from the original on 4 April 2018 7282:from the original on 9 April 2018 7019:from the original on 6 March 2019 6976:from the original on 17 July 2023 6752:from the original on 9 March 2009 6740:"Chinese delegate has 'no power'" 6636:from the original on 6 March 2024 6603:from the original on 3 March 2018 6268:Grzywacz, Jarek (31 March 2023). 6244:"Part 6: 1st plenum of the CPPCC" 6135:American Political Science Review 6113:from the original on 4 March 2024 6049:from the original on 4 March 2024 5975:from the original on 6 March 2021 5888: 4649:Political Consultative Conference 4626:Political Consultative Conference 4331:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 3188:Political Consultative Conference 2776:Int'l Military Cooperation Office 2761:Science and Technology Commission 2717:Training and Administration Dept. 2564:Central Military Commission (CMC) 1737:Scientific Outlook on Development 1461:Democratic centralism (Article 3) 60: 12210: 12198: 12186: 12174: 12019:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 11666:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11160: 11151: 11150: 10304: 10085: 9705: 9489:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs 7575:Fu, Hualing; Choy, D. W (2007). 5470:and service branches. After the 4418: 3584:State Council Information Office 3406:State Immigration Administration 2822: 2812: 2795: 2743:Discipline Inspection Commission 2265:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs 1476:Freedom of religion (Article 36) 1169: 669: 422: 311: 77: 12144:National bicameral legislatures 12131:List of legislatures by country 10415:National Supervisory Commission 10016:National Supervisory Commission 8971:National Supervisory Commission 8025: 7993: 7964: 7934: 7904: 7885:Wei, Changhao (15 March 2018). 7878: 7846: 7733: 7695: 7660: 7632: 7605: 7568: 7516:12th Congress information from 7510: 7483: 7451: 7373: 7294: 7173:Wei, Changhao (29 March 2022). 7114: 6888: 6882: 6732: 6691: 6652: 6615: 6555:. 16 March 2017. Archived from 6539: 6314: 6289: 6211: 6199:from the original on 8 May 2023 6178: 5832: 4818:National Supervisory Commission 4714:National Supervisory Commission 4702:PRC Central Military Commission 4632:, which was implemented by the 4597:on the 14th anniversary of the 4567:National Supervisory Commission 4235:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 3620:China Global Television Network 3600:Ministry of Culture and Tourism 3464:Bureau of Prison Administration 3024:People's Courts Judicial Police 2951:National Supervisory Commission 2032:Office of the General Secretary 803: 776: 71:14th National People's Congress 21:14th National People's Congress 12055:Confederate States (1861–1862) 11238:Federated States of Micronesia 10432:Supreme People's Procuratorate 10291:Provincial standing committees 10030:Supreme People's Procuratorate 9292:Financial and Economic Affairs 8644:Supreme People's Procuratorate 8517:Legislative Affairs Commission 7380:Horwitz, Josh (5 March 2018). 6698:Ramzy, Austin (4 March 2016). 6622:Palmer, James (5 March 2024). 6321:Diamant, Neil Jeffrey (2021). 6185:Waller, Derek J., ed. (1973). 6125: 6093: 6061: 6029: 5987: 5771:. Cambridge University Press. 5701: 5640:Constitution and Law Committee 5596:Legislative Affairs Commission 5548:, but not how it is composed. 4860:(nominated by the chairperson) 4776: 4710:Supreme People's Procuratorate 4571:Supreme People's Procuratorate 4354:China–European Union relations 3846:Special administrative regions 3031:Supreme People's Procuratorate 2270:Financial and Economic Affairs 1100: 1086: 964: 920: 890: 876: 853: 802: 775: 19:For the current Congress, see 1: 12075:Orange Free State (1854–1902) 9723: 9007:Agriculture and Rural Affairs 7667:Wee, Sui-Lee (2 March 2017). 6659:Saich, Tony (November 2015). 6581:Wee, Sui-Lee (1 March 2018). 6449:Comparative Political Studies 6392:Comparative Political Studies 6299:Suffolk University Law Review 5865:中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法 5845: 5688: 5542:constitutional oath of office 4904: 4882:eight minor political parties 4561:, the NPC is structured as a 4374:China–United States relations 4359:China–Latin America relations 4220:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee 3816:HK & Macau Affairs Office 3559:Central Propaganda Department 3411:Local public security bureaus 2786:Offices Administration Agency 2295:Agriculture and Rural Affairs 12253:1954 establishments in China 10479:United Front Work Department 7986:10.11588/ASIEN.2006.99.19647 7268:Truex, Rory (7 March 2018). 7090:Liao, Zewei (4 March 2023). 5996:"What makes a rubber stamp?" 5600:Budgetary Affairs Commission 5524: 5519: 4874:Politburo Standing Committee 4841:Premier of the State Council 4690:highest organ of state power 4490:, all state organs from the 4480:highest organ of state power 4321:China and the United Nations 4225:CCP International Department 4205:Ministry of National Defense 4132:Diplomatic missions of China 3992:Taiwan independence movement 3713:Publishing industry in China 3246:United Front Work Department 3091:Regular Disciplined Services 3081:Law enforcement in Hong Kong 2887:Ministry of Veterans Affairs 2869:Ministry of National Defense 1904:National Security Commission 1744:Harmonious Socialist Society 1635:Death sentence with reprieve 1609:Administrative Procedure Law 854:Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì 609:December 2022 – January 2023 7: 10388:Central Military Commission 10009:Central Military Commission 8888:Central Military Commission 5731: 5476:Central Military Commission 4858:Central Military Commission 4684:System of people's congress 4575:Central Military Commission 4519:system of people's congress 4313:Community of Common Destiny 4103:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3973:Republic of China on Taiwan 3383:Ministry of Public Security 2704:Equipment Development Dept. 1871:Central Military Commission 1127:مەملەكەتتىك حالىق قۇرىلتايى 10: 12269: 12233:National People's Congress 12065:Irish Republic (1919–1922) 12060:Czechoslovakia (1948–1969) 10330:National People's Congress 10100:National People's Congress 9739:National People's Congress 9715:People's Republic of China 9651:National People's Congress 9555:National People's Congress 9466:Social Development Affairs 8113:National People's Congress 7916:National People's Congress 7745:National People's Congress 7550:National People's Congress 7322:10.1007/s11366-023-09861-3 7052:W. W. Norton & Company 6219:"Part 1 China 1911 - 1949" 5932:"China's Electoral System" 5903:National People's Congress 5614: 5555: 5528: 4681: 4580: 4484:People's Republic of China 4472:National People's Congress 3968:Political status of Taiwan 3418:Ministry of State Security 3118:Public Prosecutions Office 2918:Military reform since 2015 2530:Deputy Secretaries-General 2300:Social Development Affairs 2181:National People's Congress 1719:Primary stage of socialism 1687:Admission Oath (Article 6) 1254:Current provincial leaders 1101:Məmlikətlik həlⱪ ⱪurultiyi 1087:Memliketlik xelq qurultiyi 1064:مەملىكەتلىك خەلق قۇرۇلتىيى 755:National People's Congress 36: 29: 18: 12139: 12108: 12042: 11994: 11956:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 11814: 11261: 11218: 11146: 11108: 11068: 10810: 10754: 10734: 10711: 10664: 10541: 10508: 10487: 10447: 10313: 10302: 10233: 10210: 10142: 10124: 10106: 10096: 9990: 9988: 9980: 9978: 9970: 9968: 9960: 9958: 9950: 9948: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9928: 9926: 9924: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9894: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9864: 9862: 9860: 9848: 9846: 9844: 9833: 9831: 9829: 9825: 9768: 9766: 9721: 9644: 9553: 9544: 9487: 9464: 9406: 9348: 9290: 9212: 9164: 9106: 9048: 9005: 8996: 8969: 8886: 8803: 8720: 8642: 8559: 8546: 8539: 8494: 8411: 8314: 8217: 8128: 8119: 7640:"中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会代表名单" 7546:"中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会代表名单" 6148:10.1017/S0003055414000112 5965:"IX. The Election System" 5748:Supreme People's Assembly 5660:Foreign Affairs Committee 4349:China–Caribbean relations 3933:Mainland & Macau CEPA 3632:China Radio International 3579:China Film Administration 2766:Strategic Planning Office 2496:Cabinet-level departments 1588:Intellectual property law 1151: 1141: 1133: 1119: 1111: 1093: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1063: 1057: 1052: 1037: 1030: 1023: 1016: 1011: 1004: 997: 992: 980: 975: 957: 952: 948: 942: 936: 931: 913: 906: 901: 897: 883: 869: 864: 846: 839: 834: 830: 822: 795: 768: 763: 759: 754: 742: 737: 730: 725: 701: 696: 677: 668: 663: 653: 639: 629: 613: 603: 579: 557: 552: 542: 430: 421: 319: 310: 294: 289: 267: 165: 143: 138: 128: 109: 104: 90: 85: 76: 69: 52: 11976:Turks and Caicos Islands 11336:Central African Republic 10870:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 10398:People's Liberation Army 9408:Overseas Chinese Affairs 7459: 6463:10.1177/0010414020919930 6405:10.1177/0010414018797950 6327:Cornell University Press 6193:University of California 5864: 5825: 5635:Ethnic Affairs Committee 4919:People's Liberation Army 4911:people's congress system 4504:Great Hall of the People 4392:Administrative divisions 4173:Belt and Road Initiative 3870:Hong Kong SAR Government 3841:One country, two systems 3829:Hong Kong Liaison Office 3615:China Central Television 3125:Secretariat for Security 2801:People's Liberation Army 2542:most Central Enterprises 2285:Overseas Chinese Affairs 1724:Four Cardinal Principles 885:Traditional Chinese 797:Traditional Chinese 679:Great Hall of the People 598:combined approval voting 574:combined approval voting 37:Not to be confused with 12248:Unicameral legislatures 11791:Holy See (Vatican City) 11128:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8413:Council of Chairpersons 7613:"臺籍代表張雄：人大台灣團上的"會議記錄員"" 6516:Oxford University Press 5500:Background of delegates 4807:Vice President of China 4642:China Democratic League 4587:Chinese Soviet Republic 4523:Chinese Communist Party 4517:framework based on the 4364:China–Pacific relations 4243:Chinese nationality law 3135:Unitary Police Services 2792:National armed forces: 2208:Council of Chairpersons 2064:Organization Department 1796:National Party Congress 1501:Socialist law tradition 1378:Organization Department 871:Simplified Chinese 770:Simplified Chinese 11846:British Virgin Islands 10420:Supreme People's Court 10023:Supreme People's Court 9798:NPC Standing Committee 8722:Supreme People's Court 7467:(in Chinese (China)). 7460:十一届全国人大代表将亮相:结构优化构成广泛 7121:Stephen Green (2003). 5626: 5546:Organic Law of the NPC 5514:United States Congress 5458: 4706:Supreme People's Court 4656:, which served as the 4634:Nationalist government 4630:Double Tenth Agreement 4496:Supreme People's Court 4369:China–Russia relations 4339:China–Africa relations 4168:China Development Bank 4144:Foreign aid from China 3985:"Taiwan Province", PRC 3953:Cross-Strait relations 3946:Cross-Strait relations 3899:Mainland & HK CEPA 3340:People's organizations 3147:Public Security Police 3096:Hong Kong Police Force 3057:Judiciary of Hong Kong 3008:Supreme People's Court 2913:Military modernization 2691:Logistic Support Dept. 1424:Previous constitutions 1297:Communist Party leader 1192:Leadership generations 635:Late 2027 – early 2028 113:15 September 1954 12238:National legislatures 12154:National upper houses 12149:National lower houses 11681:São Tomé and Príncipe 11243:Saint Kitts and Nevis 10472:People's organization 10403:People's Armed Police 6891:"NPC Legislation 101" 5624: 5582:Administrative bodies 5483:, with 173 deputies. 5472:People's Armed Police 5456: 4846:Other members of the 4766:CCP Central Committee 4041:Taiwan Affairs Office 3892:Independence movement 3877:Politics of Hong Kong 3113:Court of Final Appeal 3074:Prosecutions Division 3069:Department of Justice 3062:Court of Final Appeal 2818:People's Armed Police 2511:National Audit Office 2142:Provincial committee 1373:Collective leadership 1368:Democratic centralism 1249:Current state leaders 1204:Hu–Wen Administration 11248:United Arab Emirates 11045:United Arab Emirates 9711:Central state organs 9050:Constitution and Law 7979:(99): 42–69 Seiten. 7912:"Special Committees" 7824:Lin & Cheng 2011 7490:Xinhua News Agency. 6831:. 28 December 2017. 6353:10.7591/j.ctv1hw3wg5 5767:Truex, Rory (2016). 5442:, wife of economist 4935:political opposition 4559:China's Constitution 4506:on the west side of 4344:China–Arab relations 4276:Visa policy of China 4195:New Development Bank 4158:Ministry of Commerce 3921:Macau SAR Government 3834:Macau Liaison Office 3627:China National Radio 3310:Historical parties: 3130:Macau Security Force 2678:Political Work Dept. 2316:State representative 2260:Constitution and Law 2045:Central Guard Bureau 1714:Deng Xiaoping Theory 1491:Chinese legal system 1306:State representative 1268:Orders of precedence 1231:20th Party Politburo 1210:Xi–Li Administration 321:NPC political groups 284:since 10 March 2023 262:since 10 March 2023 160:since 10 March 2023 12243:Government of China 12050:Artsakh (1991–2023) 11981:U.S. Virgin Islands 11072:limited recognition 10272:Military Commission 8219:Current Vice Chairs 7918:. 26 October 2021. 7590:10.2139/ssrn.958845 7275:The Washington Post 7249:on 11 February 2019 6782:on 18 December 2016 5755:(former equivalent) 5462:Military delegation 4856:and members of the 4816:Chairperson of the 4605:that took place in 4122:Diplomatic missions 4094:Secretary-General: 4012:Chinese unification 3856:Hong Kong Basic Law 3726:Internet censorship 3684:Censorship in China 3441:Ministry of Justice 2967:Corruption in China 2339:Presidential Office 1978:Secretary-General: 1861:Central Secretariat 1762:Four Comprehensives 1566:Labour Contract Law 1496:Civil law tradition 1333:Conference Chairman 1222:4th Leadership Core 1197:Succession of power 12095:Sikkim (1953–1975) 10804:Parliament of Asia 10437:Procurator-General 10335:Standing Committee 10253:Standing Committee 10126:Autonomous regions 8998:Special Committees 8561:Standing Committee 8121:Standing Committee 7676:The New York Times 7648:. 25 February 2024 6934:on 4 December 2022 6866:. 18 August 2020. 6705:The New York Times 6588:The New York Times 6500:, p. 158–175. 6042:The Globe and Mail 5938:. 25 August 2014. 5905:. 29 August 2015. 5627: 5611:Special Committees 5552:Standing Committee 5459: 4923:province of Taiwan 4876:, and then by its 4802:President of China 4617:taking 117 seats. 4599:October Revolution 4531:indirectly elected 4163:Exim Bank of China 3997:Anti-Secession Law 3887:Pro-democracy camp 3653:China News Service 3639:Xinhua News Agency 3193:National Committee 3108:Judiciary of Macau 3037:Procurator-General 2250:Special Committees 2198:Standing Committee 2156:Deputy secretaries 2146:Standing committee 2089:Standing Committee 2050:Central Guard Unit 1848:Standing Committee 1752:Xi Jinping Thought 1709:Mao Zedong Thought 1625:Capital punishment 1603:Administrative law 1342:Commander-in-chief 1315:Head of government 1240:14th State Council 1018:Mongolian Cyrillic 12162: 12161: 11986:Wallis and Futuna 11818:other territories 11174: 11173: 11114:other territories 10770: 10769: 10750: 10749: 10704: 10502: 10258:General Secretary 10243:Central Committee 10204:Politics of China 10170: 10169: 10051: 10050: 10045: 10044: 9672: 9671: 9640: 9639: 9636: 9635: 9540: 9539: 8992: 8991: 8550:National People's 8535: 8534: 8507:Budget Commission 8316:Secretary-General 7747:. 11 March 2021. 7703:Forsythe, Michael 7465:Npc.people.com.cn 6533:978-0-19-965301-0 6344:978-1-5017-6129-4 6325:. Ithaca London: 5572:secretary-general 5568:vice chairpersons 5415: 5414: 5409: 5401: 5378: 5370: 5347: 5339: 5316: 5308: 5285: 5277: 5254: 5246: 5223: 5215: 5192: 5184: 5161: 5153: 5130: 5122: 5099: 5091: 5068: 5060: 5037: 5029: 5006: 4998: 4974: 4969:Minority deputies 4966: 4854:Vice Chairpersons 4678:Powers and duties 4638:Young China Party 4577:, and the state. 4468: 4467: 4407:Ethnic minorities 4308:Beijing Consensus 4248:Chinese passports 4088:Deputy Director: 4071:Foreign relations 3958:Chinese Civil War 3928:Politics of Macau 3721:Internet in China 3610:China Media Group 3549:Deputy Director: 3486:Urban Management 3235:Political parties 3222:Secretary-General 3209:Vice-Chairpersons 2943:Supervisory organ 2828:China Coast Guard 2662:Joint Staff Dept. 2573:supreme commander 2525:Secretary-General 2484:Secretary-General 2238:Secretary-General 2224:Vice-Chairpersons 2001:Deputy Director: 1956:Deputy Directors: 1837:Central Politburo 1817:General Secretary 1806:Central Committee 1666:Principal leaders 1324:Congress Chairman 1216:Xi Administration 1212:(2012–2017) 1206:(2002–2012) 1162:Politics of China 1155: 1154: 1107: 1106: 971: 970: 927: 926: 908:Standard Mandarin 860: 859: 841:Standard Mandarin 750: 749: 631:Next NPC election 605:Last NPC election 12260: 12215: 12214: 12203: 12202: 12201: 12191: 12190: 12179: 12178: 12177: 12170: 11941:Saint Barthélemy 11936:Pitcairn Islands 11876:French Polynesia 11866:Falkland Islands 11646:Papua New Guinea 11566:Marshall Islands 11201: 11194: 11187: 11178: 11177: 11164: 11154: 11153: 11123:Christmas Island 10812:Sovereign states 10797: 10790: 10783: 10774: 10773: 10735:Claimed province 10698: 10506: 10505: 10496: 10376:State Councilors 10325:Paramount leader 10308: 10197: 10190: 10183: 10174: 10173: 10098:National level: 10090: 10089: 10078: 10071: 10064: 10055: 10054: 9725: 9724: 9709: 9699: 9692: 9685: 9676: 9675: 9646:Plenary sessions 9628:14th (2023–2028) 9623:13th (2018–2023) 9618:12th (2013–2018) 9613:11th (2008–2013) 9608:10th (2003–2008) 9551: 9550: 9532:14th (2023–2028) 9527:13th (2018–2023) 9522:12th (2013–2018) 9517:11th (2008–2013) 9512:10th (2003–2008) 9479:14th (2023–2028) 9474:13th (2018–2023) 9456:14th (2023–2028) 9451:13th (2018–2023) 9446:12th (2013–2018) 9441:11th (2008–2013) 9436:10th (2003–2008) 9398:14th (2023–2028) 9393:13th (2018–2023) 9388:12th (2013–2018) 9383:11th (2008–2013) 9378:10th (2003–2008) 9340:14th (2023–2028) 9335:13th (2018–2023) 9330:12th (2013–2018) 9325:11th (2008–2013) 9320:10th (2003–2008) 9282:14th (2023–2028) 9277:13th (2018–2023) 9272:12th (2013–2018) 9267:11th (2008–2013) 9262:10th (2003–2008) 9204:14th (2023–2028) 9199:13th (2018–2023) 9194:12th (2013–2018) 9189:11th (2008–2013) 9184:10th (2003–2008) 9156:14th (2023–2028) 9151:13th (2018–2023) 9146:12th (2013–2018) 9141:11th (2008–2013) 9136:10th (2003–2008) 9098:14th (2023–2028) 9093:13th (2018–2023) 9088:12th (2013–2018) 9083:11th (2008–2013) 9078:10th (2003–2008) 9040:14th (2023–2028) 9035:13th (2018–2023) 9030:12th (2013–2018) 9025:11th (2008–2013) 9020:10th (2003–2008) 9003: 9002: 8984:14th (2023–2028) 8979:13th (2018–2023) 8961:14th (2023–2028) 8956:13th (2018–2023) 8951:12th (2013–2018) 8946:11th (2008–2013) 8941:10th (2003–2008) 8878:14th (2023–2028) 8873:13th (2018–2023) 8868:12th (2013–2018) 8863:11th (2008–2013) 8858:10th (2003–2008) 8795:14th (2023–2028) 8790:13th (2018–2023) 8785:12th (2013–2018) 8780:11th (2008–2013) 8775:10th (2003–2008) 8712:14th (2023–2028) 8707:13th (2018–2023) 8702:12th (2013–2018) 8697:11th (2008–2013) 8692:10th (2003–2008) 8634:14th (2023–2028) 8629:13th (2018–2023) 8624:12th (2013–2018) 8619:11th (2008–2013) 8614:10th (2003–2008) 8557: 8556: 8544: 8543: 8486:14th (2023–2028) 8481:13th (2018–2023) 8476:12th (2013–2018) 8471:11th (2008–2013) 8466:10th (2003–2008) 8126: 8125: 8106: 8099: 8092: 8083: 8082: 8078: 8073: 8072: 8070:Official website 8055: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8041:. 4 March 2018. 8029: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8009:. 1 March 2017. 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7948:. 25 June 2018. 7938: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7850: 7844: 7838: 7827: 7826:, p. 65–99. 7821: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7791: 7780: 7779: 7772:, p. 65–99. 7767: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7737: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7710: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7672: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7636: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7619:on 12 March 2012 7609: 7603: 7602: 7592: 7572: 7566: 7565: 7563: 7561: 7542: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7514: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7455: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7429: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7360: 7349: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7324: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7245:. Archived from 7235: 7226: 7220: 7214: 7208: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7185: 7170: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7134: 7127: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7087: 7066: 7065: 7050:. New York, NY: 7044:Li, David Daokui 7040: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7018: 7011: 7003: 6990: 6989: 6983: 6981: 6964:. 13 July 2023. 6957: 6950: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6930:. Archived from 6920: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6856: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6825: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6748:. 4 March 2009. 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6678: 6665: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6643: 6641: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6578: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6507: 6501: 6495: 6484: 6483: 6465: 6456:(9): 1359–1379. 6439: 6433: 6432: 6399:(9): 1380–1416. 6386: 6380: 6374: 6357: 6356: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6109:. 4 March 2024. 6097: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6077:. 5 March 2019. 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6045:. 4 March 2024. 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6005:. 5 March 2012. 5998: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5961: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5928: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5895: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5859: 5839: 5838:See references: 5836: 5820: 5801: 5782: 5468:theater commands 5407: 5399: 5376: 5368: 5345: 5337: 5314: 5306: 5283: 5275: 5252: 5244: 5221: 5213: 5190: 5182: 5159: 5151: 5128: 5120: 5097: 5089: 5066: 5058: 5035: 5027: 5004: 4996: 4972: 4964: 4949: 4948: 4615:Chinese Red Army 4508:Tiananmen Square 4460: 4453: 4446: 4425:China portal 4423: 4422: 4421: 3882:Pro-Beijing camp 3865:John Lee Ka-chiu 3522:Deputy Leaders: 3472: 3160: 3152:Judiciary Police 3143: 2901:Military history 2826: 2816: 2806:Theater commands 2799: 2637: 2630: 2623: 2605: 2598: 2474: 2467: 2460: 2449:State Councilors 2440: 2433: 2426: 2419: 2383:Li Qiang Cabinet 2244: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1824: 1731:Three Represents 1704:Marxism–Leninism 1630:Capital offences 1520:List of statutes 1275:Paramount leader 1263:National leaders 1173: 1157: 1156: 1129: 1128: 1103: 1102: 1089: 1088: 1072: 1071: 1065: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1032:Mongolian script 1026: 1025: 1007: 1006: 988: 967: 966: 950: 949: 944: 923: 922: 899: 898: 893: 892: 879: 878: 856: 855: 832: 831: 818: 817: 816: 791: 790: 789: 752: 751: 721: 716: 713: 711: 709: 707: 705: 683:Xicheng District 673: 536: 534: 524: 515: 506: 497: 488: 479: 470: 461: 452: 443: 435:political groups 426: 414: 405: 396: 387: 378: 369: 360: 351: 342: 329: 315: 129:Preceded by 124: 122: 117: 81: 64: 63: 62: 50: 49: 12268: 12267: 12263: 12262: 12261: 12259: 12258: 12257: 12223: 12222: 12221: 12209: 12199: 12197: 12185: 12175: 12173: 12165: 12163: 12158: 12135: 12126:Multicameralism 12104: 12038: 12014:Northern Cyprus 11990: 11817: 11810: 11721:Solomon Islands 11626:North Macedonia 11257: 11214: 11205: 11175: 11170: 11142: 11113: 11104: 11085:Northern Cyprus 11071: 11064: 10806: 10801: 10771: 10766: 10746: 10730: 10707: 10667: 10660: 10537: 10499:current leaders 10495: 10492: 10489: 10483: 10443: 10316: 10309: 10300: 10235:Communist Party 10229: 10206: 10201: 10171: 10166: 10138: 10120: 10102: 10092: 10084: 10082: 10052: 10047: 10046: 9717: 9703: 9673: 9668: 9649: 9632: 9603:9th (1998–2003) 9598:8th (1993–1998) 9593:7th (1988–1993) 9588:6th (1983–1988) 9583:5th (1978–1983) 9578:4th (1975–1978) 9573:3rd (1964–1975) 9568:2nd (1959–1964) 9563:1st (1954–1959) 9546: 9536: 9507:9th (1998–2003) 9502:8th (1993–1998) 9497:7th (1988–1993) 9483: 9460: 9431:9th (1998–2003) 9426:8th (1993–1998) 9421:7th (1988–1993) 9416:6th (1983–1988) 9402: 9373:9th (1998–2003) 9368:8th (1993–1998) 9363:7th (1988–1993) 9358:6th (1983–1988) 9350:Foreign Affairs 9344: 9315:9th (1998–2003) 9310:8th (1993–1998) 9305:7th (1988–1993) 9300:6th (1983–1988) 9286: 9257:9th (1998–2003) 9252:8th (1993–1998) 9247:7th (1988–1993) 9242:6th (1983–1988) 9237:5th (1978–1983) 9232:4th (1975–1978) 9227:2nd (1959–1964) 9222:1st (1954–1959) 9208: 9179:9th (1998–2003) 9174:8th (1993–1998) 9160: 9131:9th (1998–2003) 9126:8th (1993–1998) 9121:7th (1988–1993) 9116:6th (1983–1988) 9102: 9073:9th (1998–2003) 9068:8th (1993–1998) 9063:7th (1988–1993) 9058:6th (1983–1988) 9044: 9015:9th (1998–2003) 8988: 8965: 8936:9th (1998–2003) 8931:8th (1993–1998) 8926:7th (1988–1993) 8921:6th (1983–1988) 8916:5th (1978–1983) 8911:4th (1975–1978) 8906:3rd (1964–1975) 8901:2nd (1959–1964) 8896:1st (1954–1959) 8882: 8853:9th (1998–2003) 8848:8th (1993–1998) 8843:7th (1988–1993) 8838:6th (1983–1988) 8833:5th (1978–1983) 8828:4th (1975–1978) 8823:3rd (1964–1975) 8818:2nd (1959–1964) 8813:1st (1954–1959) 8799: 8770:9th (1998–2003) 8765:8th (1993–1998) 8760:7th (1988–1993) 8755:6th (1983–1988) 8750:5th (1978–1983) 8745:4th (1975–1978) 8740:3rd (1964–1975) 8735:2nd (1959–1964) 8730:1st (1954–1959) 8716: 8687:9th (1998–2003) 8682:8th (1993–1998) 8677:7th (1988–1993) 8672:6th (1983–1988) 8667:5th (1978–1983) 8662:3rd (1964–1975) 8657:2nd (1959–1964) 8652:1st (1954–1959) 8638: 8609:9th (1998–2003) 8604:8th (1993–1998) 8599:7th (1988–1993) 8594:6th (1983–1988) 8589:5th (1978–1983) 8584:4th (1975–1978) 8579:3rd (1964–1975) 8574:2nd (1959–1964) 8569:1st (1954–1959) 8551: 8548: 8540:Electoral terms 8531: 8490: 8461:9th (1998–2003) 8456:8th (1993–1998) 8451:7th (1988–1993) 8446:6th (1983–1988) 8441:5th (1978–1983) 8436:4th (1975–1978) 8431:3rd (1964–1975) 8426:2nd (1959–1964) 8421:1st (1954–1959) 8407: 8310: 8213: 8115: 8110: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8059: 8058: 8048: 8046: 8031: 8030: 8026: 8016: 8014: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7953: 7940: 7939: 7935: 7925: 7923: 7910: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7883: 7879: 7869: 7867: 7852: 7851: 7847: 7839: 7830: 7822: 7818: 7808: 7806: 7793: 7792: 7783: 7773: 7770:Lin & Cheng 7768: 7764: 7754: 7752: 7739: 7738: 7734: 7724: 7722: 7700: 7696: 7686: 7684: 7665: 7661: 7651: 7649: 7638: 7637: 7633: 7622: 7620: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7573: 7569: 7559: 7557: 7544: 7543: 7539: 7529: 7527: 7515: 7511: 7501: 7499: 7488: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7442: 7440: 7431: 7430: 7407: 7397: 7395: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7358: 7347: 7343: 7342: 7338: 7299: 7295: 7285: 7283: 7266: 7262: 7252: 7250: 7237: 7236: 7229: 7221: 7217: 7209: 7205: 7197: 7193: 7183: 7181: 7171: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7135:on 14 July 2011 7132: 7125: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7088: 7069: 7062: 7041: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7009: 7005: 7004: 6993: 6979: 6977: 6952: 6951: 6947: 6937: 6935: 6922: 6921: 6914: 6904: 6902: 6889:Wei, Changhao. 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6858: 6857: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6827: 6826: 6819: 6811: 6807: 6799: 6795: 6785: 6783: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6738: 6737: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6663: 6657: 6653: 6639: 6637: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6579: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6559:on 5 March 2018 6545: 6544: 6540: 6534: 6508: 6504: 6496: 6487: 6440: 6436: 6387: 6383: 6375: 6360: 6345: 6319: 6315: 6302:(43): 625–653. 6294: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6242: 6241: 6237: 6227: 6225: 6217: 6216: 6212: 6202: 6200: 6183: 6179: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6084: 6082: 6067: 6066: 6062: 6052: 6050: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 5993: 5992: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5963: 5962: 5955: 5945: 5943: 5930: 5929: 5922: 5912: 5910: 5897: 5896: 5889: 5879: 5877: 5876:on 13 June 2017 5866: 5860: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5817: 5798: 5779: 5762: 5760:Further reading 5734: 5704: 5691: 5619: 5613: 5584: 5560: 5554: 5533: 5527: 5522: 5502: 5489: 5464: 5444:Justin Yifu Lin 5420: 4973:Minority % 4961:Female deputies 4947: 4907: 4894: 4792: 4779: 4757: 4686: 4680: 4603:Soviet Congress 4583: 4515:communist state 4464: 4435: 4431:Other countries 4419: 4417: 4412: 4411: 4402:Family planning 4387: 4379: 4378: 4335: 4317: 4303:Panda diplomacy 4294: 4239: 4216: 4201: 4140: 4128: 4073: 4063: 4062: 4032:Deputy Leader: 4018: 3948: 3938: 3937: 3912:Chief Executive 3907:Macao Basic Law 3903: 3861:Chief Executive 3852: 3798: 3797: 3777: 3776: 3769: 3754: 3717: 3680: 3568: 3553: 3545: 3530: 3518: 3504: 3494: 3493: 3482: 3466: 3453: 3430: 3395: 3377: 3369: 3361: 3360: 3356:Law enforcement 3345: 3344: 3329: 3303: 3205: 3183: 3173: 3172: 3171: 3154: 3137: 3104: 3086:Security Bureau 3053: 3043: 3020: 3002: 3001: 3000:Judicial organs 2996: 2986: 2978: 2963: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2908:Armed conflicts 2881: 2863: 2852: 2640: 2633: 2626: 2619: 2608: 2601: 2594: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2490: 2477: 2470: 2463: 2456: 2443: 2436: 2429: 2422: 2415: 2399: 2372: 2371: 2370:Executive organ 2366: 2361: 2335: 2318: 2317: 2280:Foreign Affairs 2236: 2220: 2188: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2139: 2013: 2005: 1997: 1982: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1937: 1918: 1913: 1891: 1883: 1855: 1815: 1790: 1789: 1782: 1746: 1739: 1695: 1681: 1680: 1654: 1652:Communist Party 1644: 1643: 1616: 1599: 1526: 1514:Legislation Law 1487: 1457: 1446: 1414: 1413: 1393: 1392: 1357:Related systems 1291: 1187: 1164: 1044: 1043:ᠲᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ 1042: 1040: 1038: 986: 823:Literal meaning 702: 681: 646: 632: 620: 606: 587: 563: 545: 532: 531: 522: 513: 504: 495: 486: 477: 468: 459: 450: 441: 436: 412: 403: 394: 385: 376: 367: 358: 349: 340: 327: 322: 302: 285: 283: 272: 263: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 228: 220: 212: 204: 196: 188: 183: 178: 170: 161: 159: 148: 120: 118: 115: 114: 100: 99: 65: 61:中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会 58: 56: 55: 46: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12266: 12256: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12220: 12219: 12207: 12195: 12183: 12160: 12159: 12157: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12140: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12112: 12110: 12106: 12105: 12103: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12070:Norfolk Island 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12046: 12044: 12040: 12039: 12037: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12000: 11998: 11992: 11991: 11989: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11851:Cayman Islands 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11822: 11820: 11812: 11811: 11809: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11267: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11256: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11224: 11222: 11216: 11215: 11204: 11203: 11196: 11189: 11181: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11168: 11158: 11147: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11106: 11105: 11103: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11076: 11074: 11066: 11065: 11063: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10816: 10814: 10808: 10807: 10800: 10799: 10792: 10785: 10777: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10764: 10759: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10748: 10747: 10745: 10744: 10738: 10736: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10717: 10715: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10705: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10681:Inner Mongolia 10678: 10672: 10670: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10547: 10545: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10514: 10512: 10510:Municipalities 10503: 10491:province-level 10485: 10484: 10482: 10481: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10453: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10441: 10440: 10439: 10429: 10428: 10427: 10417: 10412: 10411: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10358: 10357: 10356: 10354:Vice President 10346: 10345: 10344: 10343: 10342: 10327: 10321: 10319: 10311: 10310: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10287: 10286: 10276: 10275: 10274: 10269: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10239: 10237: 10231: 10230: 10228: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10211: 10208: 10207: 10200: 10199: 10192: 10185: 10177: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10148: 10146: 10144:Municipalities 10140: 10139: 10137: 10136: 10130: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10118: 10112: 10110: 10104: 10103: 10097: 10094: 10093: 10081: 10080: 10073: 10066: 10058: 10049: 10048: 10043: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10027: 10025: 10020: 10018: 10013: 10011: 10006: 10004: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9973: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9961: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9865: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9839: 9834: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9804: 9802: 9800: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9730: 9728: 9722: 9719: 9718: 9702: 9701: 9694: 9687: 9679: 9670: 9669: 9667: 9666: 9664:Voting results 9661: 9655: 9653: 9642: 9641: 9638: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9559: 9557: 9548: 9545:Elected by the 9542: 9541: 9538: 9537: 9535: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9493: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9476: 9470: 9468: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9412: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9354: 9352: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9296: 9294: 9288: 9287: 9285: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9218: 9216: 9214:Ethnic Affairs 9210: 9209: 9207: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9170: 9168: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9112: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9054: 9052: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9011: 9009: 9000: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8975: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8892: 8890: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8809: 8807: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8726: 8724: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8648: 8646: 8640: 8639: 8637: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8565: 8563: 8554: 8547:Elected by the 8541: 8537: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8502:General Office 8498: 8496: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8417: 8415: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8404:(2023–present) 8399: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8320: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8307:(2023–present) 8302: 8301:(2023–present) 8296: 8295:(2023–present) 8290: 8289:(2023–present) 8284: 8283:(2023–present) 8278: 8277:(2018–present) 8272: 8271:(2023–present) 8266: 8265:(2018–present) 8260: 8259:(2018–present) 8254: 8253:(2018–present) 8248: 8247:(2023–present) 8245:Zheng Jianbang 8242: 8241:(2023–present) 8236: 8235:(2018–present) 8230: 8229:(2023–present) 8223: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8210:(2023–present) 8205: 8199: 8193: 8187: 8181: 8175: 8169: 8163: 8157: 8147: 8141: 8134: 8132: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8109: 8108: 8101: 8094: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8063: 8062:External links 8060: 8057: 8056: 8024: 7992: 7963: 7933: 7903: 7877: 7845: 7828: 7816: 7801:. 4 May 2023. 7781: 7762: 7732: 7714:Bloomberg News 7694: 7659: 7645:People's Daily 7631: 7604: 7567: 7537: 7509: 7494:. Npc.gov.cn. 7482: 7450: 7405: 7372: 7336: 7315:(1): 159–184. 7293: 7260: 7243:www.npc.gov.cn 7227: 7225:, p. 170. 7215: 7213:, p. 125. 7203: 7201:, p. 107. 7191: 7146: 7113: 7067: 7061:978-0393292398 7060: 7030: 6991: 6945: 6912: 6881: 6846: 6817: 6805: 6803:, p. 232. 6793: 6763: 6731: 6690: 6651: 6629:Foreign Policy 6614: 6570: 6538: 6532: 6502: 6485: 6434: 6381: 6358: 6343: 6313: 6288: 6260: 6235: 6210: 6177: 6142:(2): 235–251. 6124: 6092: 6060: 6028: 5986: 5953: 5920: 5887: 5870:www.npc.gov.cn 5850: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5816:978-9629371814 5815: 5802: 5797:978-0415250672 5796: 5783: 5777: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5733: 5730: 5703: 5700: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5615:Main article: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5593: 5591:General Office 5583: 5580: 5556:Main article: 5553: 5550: 5529:Main article: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516:at the time). 5501: 5498: 5488: 5485: 5463: 5460: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5405: 5402: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5374: 5371: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5343: 5340: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5312: 5309: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5281: 5278: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5250: 5247: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5219: 5216: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5188: 5185: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5157: 5154: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5126: 5123: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5095: 5092: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5064: 5061: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5033: 5030: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5002: 4999: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4970: 4967: 4962: 4959: 4958:Total deputies 4956: 4953: 4946: 4943: 4915:province-level 4906: 4903: 4893: 4890: 4862: 4861: 4851: 4844: 4838: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4791: 4788: 4778: 4775: 4756: 4753: 4738:New York Times 4682:Main article: 4679: 4676: 4654:Common Program 4620:In 1945 after 4582: 4579: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4427: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4388: 4386:Related topics 4385: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4316: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4273: 4259: 4245: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4178:Silk Road Fund 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4139: 4138: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4074: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4037: 4036: 4030: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3965: 3960: 3949: 3944: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3924: 3923: 3909: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3858: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3848: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3825: 3824: 3812: 3811: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3770: 3767:Zhuang Rongwen 3764: 3756: 3755: 3749: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3731:Great Firewall 3716: 3715: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3706:Internal media 3701:Media of China 3698: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3679: 3678: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3659:People's Daily 3655: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3645:Reference News 3636: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3581: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3563: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3548: 3546: 3540: 3533: 3532: 3531: 3521: 3519: 3513: 3505: 3500: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3445: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3422: 3415: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3387: 3380: 3379: 3378: 3372: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3258: 3257: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3206: 3197: 3184: 3179: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3149: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3083: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3035: 3028: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3012: 2999: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2985: 2984: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2942: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2915: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2883: 2882: 2873: 2866: 2865: 2864: 2855: 2848: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2830: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2749:Zhang Shengmin 2740: 2739: 2738: 2727: 2726: 2725: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2701: 2700: 2699: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2675: 2674: 2673: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2649:General Office 2643: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2638: 2635:Zhang Shengmin 2631: 2624: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2599: 2591: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2556:Military organ 2555: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2520:General Office 2517: 2516: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2492: 2491: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2468: 2461: 2453: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2434: 2427: 2420: 2412: 2400: 2387: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2355:Vice President 2353: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2323: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2255:Ethnic Affairs 2247: 2246: 2245: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2221: 2212: 2195: 2189: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2116:Zhang Shengmin 2107: 2106: 2105: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2028: 2027: 2019:General Office 2016: 2015: 2014: 2009:Office Chief: 2008: 2006: 2000: 1998: 1992: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1977: 1975: 1955: 1953: 1947: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1933:Office Chief: 1932: 1930: 1917:Vice-Chairman: 1916: 1914: 1908: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1886: 1884: 1875: 1868: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1846: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1735: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1691: 1689: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1550: 1543: 1535: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1428: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1339: 1330: 1321: 1312: 1303: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1283: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1237: 1228: 1213: 1207: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1131: 1130: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1075:Transcriptions 1068: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1034: 1028: 1027: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1012:Mongolian name 1009: 1008: 1001: 995: 994: 990: 989: 984: 978: 977: 973: 972: 969: 968: 961: 955: 954: 953:Transcriptions 946: 945: 940: 934: 933: 929: 928: 925: 924: 917: 911: 910: 904: 903: 902:Transcriptions 895: 894: 887: 881: 880: 873: 867: 866: 862: 861: 858: 857: 850: 844: 843: 837: 836: 835:Transcriptions 828: 827: 824: 820: 819: 799: 793: 792: 772: 766: 765: 761: 760: 757: 756: 748: 747: 740: 739: 735: 734: 728: 727: 723: 722: 699: 698: 694: 693: 675: 674: 666: 665: 661: 660: 655: 651: 650: 647: 640: 637: 636: 633: 630: 627: 626: 621: 614: 611: 610: 607: 604: 601: 600: 588: 580: 577: 576: 564: 558: 555: 554: 550: 549: 546: 544:Length of term 543: 540: 539: 538: 537: 529: 520: 511: 502: 493: 484: 475: 466: 457: 448: 437: 431: 428: 427: 419: 418: 417: 416: 410: 401: 392: 383: 374: 365: 356: 347: 338: 323: 320: 317: 316: 308: 307: 296: 292: 291: 287: 286: 275: 273: 268: 265: 264: 190:Zheng Jianbang 173: 171: 166: 163: 162: 151: 149: 144: 141: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 116:(70 years ago) 111: 107: 106: 102: 101: 95: 94: 92: 88: 87: 83: 82: 74: 73: 67: 66: 57: 53: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12265: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12206: 12196: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12182: 12172: 12171: 12168: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12141: 12138: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12121:Tricameralism 12119: 12117: 12114: 12113: 12111: 12107: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12041: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12024:South Ossetia 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12001: 11999: 11997: 11996:Non-UN states 11993: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11926:New Caledonia 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11871:Faroe Islands 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11826:Åland Islands 11824: 11823: 11821: 11819: 11816:Dependent and 11813: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11531:Liechtenstein 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11451:Guinea-Bissau 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11264: 11260: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11223: 11221: 11217: 11213: 11210: 11202: 11197: 11195: 11190: 11188: 11183: 11182: 11179: 11167: 11163: 11159: 11157: 11149: 11148: 11145: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11118: 11116: 11111: 11107: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11095:South Ossetia 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11075: 11073: 11067: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10817: 10815: 10813: 10809: 10805: 10798: 10793: 10791: 10786: 10784: 10779: 10778: 10775: 10763: 10760: 10757: 10756: 10753: 10743: 10740: 10739: 10737: 10733: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10710: 10702: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10669: 10663: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10544: 10540: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10511: 10507: 10504: 10500: 10494: 10486: 10480: 10477: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10467:Minor parties 10465: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10458: 10455: 10454: 10452: 10450: 10446: 10438: 10435: 10434: 10433: 10430: 10426: 10425:Vice Premiers 10423: 10422: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10390: 10389: 10386: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10371:Vice Premiers 10369: 10367: 10364: 10363: 10362: 10361:State Council 10359: 10355: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10347: 10341: 10338: 10337: 10336: 10333: 10332: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10312: 10307: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10285: 10282: 10281: 10280: 10277: 10273: 10270: 10266: 10263: 10259: 10256: 10255: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10241: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10232: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10209: 10205: 10198: 10193: 10191: 10186: 10184: 10179: 10178: 10175: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10141: 10135: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10123: 10117: 10114: 10113: 10111: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10095: 10088: 10079: 10074: 10072: 10067: 10065: 10060: 10059: 10056: 10042: 10031: 10024: 10017: 10010: 10003: 10002:State Council 9997: 9995: 9943: 9940: 9932: 9930: 9922: 9920: 9912: 9910: 9902: 9900: 9899: 9892: 9868: 9866: 9858: 9856: 9851: 9842: 9841: 9838: 9827: 9812: 9810: 9799: 9785: 9783: 9753: 9751: 9740: 9726: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9708: 9700: 9695: 9693: 9688: 9686: 9681: 9680: 9677: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9647: 9643: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9552: 9549: 9543: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9467: 9463: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9405: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9347: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9293: 9289: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9211: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9163: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9105: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9008: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8995: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8889: 8885: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8805:State Council 8802: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8719: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8641: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8545: 8542: 8538: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8493: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8410: 8403: 8400: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8376: 8373: 8370: 8367: 8364: 8361: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8349: 8348:Yang Shangkun 8346: 8343: 8340: 8337: 8334: 8331: 8328: 8325: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8306: 8305:Shohrat Zakir 8303: 8300: 8299:Losang Jamcan 8297: 8294: 8293:Zhang Qingwei 8291: 8288: 8285: 8282: 8279: 8276: 8273: 8270: 8267: 8264: 8261: 8258: 8255: 8252: 8249: 8246: 8243: 8240: 8237: 8234: 8233:Wang Dongming 8231: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8216: 8209: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8197: 8196:Zhang Dejiang 8194: 8191: 8188: 8185: 8182: 8179: 8176: 8173: 8170: 8167: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8151: 8150:Song Qingling 8148: 8145: 8142: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8107: 8102: 8100: 8095: 8093: 8088: 8087: 8084: 8077: 8071: 8066: 8065: 8044: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8028: 8012: 8008: 8007: 8002: 7996: 7987: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7967: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7937: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7907: 7892: 7888: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7849: 7843:, p. 51. 7842: 7837: 7835: 7833: 7825: 7820: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7777: 7771: 7766: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7736: 7720: 7716: 7715: 7709: 7704: 7698: 7682: 7678: 7677: 7671: 7663: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7635: 7618: 7614: 7608: 7600: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7571: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7541: 7525: 7521: 7513: 7497: 7493: 7486: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7454: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7393: 7389: 7388: 7383: 7376: 7357: 7353: 7346: 7340: 7332: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7309: 7304: 7297: 7281: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7264: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7234: 7232: 7224: 7219: 7212: 7207: 7200: 7195: 7180: 7176: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7063: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7015: 7008: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6988: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6962: 6961:The Economist 6956: 6949: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6919: 6917: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6885: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6834: 6830: 6824: 6822: 6815:, p. 50. 6814: 6809: 6802: 6797: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6751: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6694: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6662: 6655: 6648: 6635: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6618: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6577: 6575: 6558: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6542: 6535: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6499: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6438: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6385: 6379:, p. 52. 6378: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6317: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6292: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6264: 6249: 6245: 6239: 6224: 6220: 6214: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6181: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6128: 6112: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6096: 6080: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6064: 6048: 6044: 6043: 6038: 6032: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6003: 6002:The Economist 5997: 5990: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5960: 5958: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5925: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5894: 5892: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5858: 5856: 5851: 5835: 5831: 5818: 5812: 5808: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5790:. Routledge. 5789: 5784: 5780: 5778:9781107172432 5774: 5770: 5765: 5764: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5695: 5686: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5631: 5623: 5618: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5532: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5493: 5484: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5428: 5424: 5411: 5406: 5403: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5380: 5375: 5372: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5344: 5341: 5336: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5313: 5310: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5282: 5279: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5251: 5248: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5225: 5220: 5217: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5189: 5186: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5158: 5155: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5132: 5127: 5124: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5096: 5093: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5065: 5062: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5039: 5034: 5031: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5008: 5003: 5000: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4971: 4968: 4965:Female % 4963: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4902: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4870: 4866: 4859: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4848:State Council 4845: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4761: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4723: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4698:State Council 4695: 4691: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4670:In 1954, the 4668: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4611:Paris Commune 4608: 4604: 4601:with another 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4492:State Council 4489: 4488:unified power 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4449: 4447: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4416: 4415: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4117:Spokespersons 4115: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3942: 3941: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3809:Ding Xuexiang 3806: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3780: 3768: 3763: 3762: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3743: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3689:Radio jamming 3687: 3686: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3561: 3560: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3544: 3539: 3538: 3537: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3470: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3393:Wang Xiaohong 3390: 3386: 3385: 3384: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3348: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3227: 3226:Wang Dongfeng 3223: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3177: 3176: 3158: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3004: 3003: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2930: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2845: 2844:State Council 2842: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2655:Zhong Shaojun 2652: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2645:Departments: 2644: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2586:Vice Chairmen 2584: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2458:Wang Xiaohong 2455: 2454: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2431:Zhang Guoqing 2428: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2417:Ding Xuexiang 2414: 2413: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2403:Vice-Premiers 2401: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2310: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2166: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2140: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2071: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2004: 1999: 1996: 1991: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1954: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1915: 1912: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1888:Vice Chairmen 1885: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1757:Chinese Dream 1755: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1528: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1389: 1388:Civil service 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1363:Unified power 1361: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1218:(since 2017) 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1002: 1000: 996: 991: 985: 983: 979: 974: 962: 960: 956: 951: 947: 941: 939: 935: 930: 921:Quánguó Réndà 918: 916: 912: 909: 905: 900: 896: 888: 886: 882: 874: 872: 868: 863: 851: 849: 845: 842: 838: 833: 829: 825: 821: 815: 812: 809: 806: 800: 798: 794: 788: 785: 782: 779: 773: 771: 767: 762: 758: 753: 745: 741: 736: 733: 729: 724: 720: 715: 700: 695: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 664:Meeting place 662: 659: 656: 654:Redistricting 652: 648: 644: 638: 634: 628: 625: 624:11 March 2023 622: 618: 612: 608: 602: 599: 596: 592: 589: 586: 585:voting system 583: 578: 575: 572: 568: 565: 562: 561:voting system 556: 551: 547: 541: 530: 527: 521: 518: 512: 509: 503: 500: 494: 491: 485: 482: 476: 473: 467: 464: 458: 455: 449: 446: 440: 439: 438: 434: 429: 425: 420: 411: 408: 402: 399: 393: 390: 384: 381: 375: 372: 366: 363: 357: 354: 348: 345: 339: 336: 332: 326: 325: 324: 318: 314: 309: 305: 300: 297: 293: 288: 282: 278: 274: 271: 266: 259: 258:Shohrat Zakir 254: 253:Losang Jamcan 249: 248:Zhang Qingwei 244: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 186: 181: 180:Wang Dongming 176: 172: 169: 164: 158: 154: 150: 147: 142: 137: 134: 131: 127: 112: 108: 103: 98: 93: 89: 84: 80: 75: 72: 68: 51: 48: 44: 40: 33: 26: 22: 12116:Bicameralism 12034:Transnistria 11961:Sint Maarten 11951:Saint Martin 11946:Saint Helena 11856:Cook Islands 11706:Sierra Leone 11686:Saudi Arabia 11345: 11326:Burkina Faso 11212:legislatures 11110:Dependencies 11040:Turkmenistan 11005:Saudi Arabia 10586:Heilongjiang 10449:United front 10329: 10296:Constitution 10215:Constitution 10099: 9738: 9650: 9554: 8549: 8378:Sheng Huaren 8287:Peng Qinghua 8251:Ding Zhongli 8227:Li Hongzhong 8153: 8112: 8047:. 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