4531:
crime punishable with life imprisonment; conspiracy to bring a false accusation where the offence is such that the person convicted would be liable to life imprisonment; owner etc permitting carnal knowledge of a child under 12 on premises; carnal knowledge of a child under 12, or a child under 16 by a guardian of that non-lineal descendant child; or a child under 16 with an impairment of the mind; carnal knowledge or attempted carnal knowledge of a non-lineal descendant with an impairment of the mind by a guardian; taking a child under 12 for immoral purpose and doing carnal knowledge; incest; maintaining a sexual relationship by an adult with a child under 16; attempted murder; accessory after the fact to murder; manslaughter; aiding suicide; killing unborn child; unlawful striking causing death; disabling or stupefying in order to commit an indictable offence; acts intended to cause grievous bodily harm and other malicious acts; obstructing rescue or escape from unsafe premises; endangering the safety of a person in a vehicle with intent; rape; aggravated sexual assault; aggravated robbery; aggravated attempted robbery; extortion where carrying out threat causes or would be likely to cause serious personal injury or substantial economic loss in a commercial activity; taking control of an aircraft using violence, threats of violence, in company or by fraudulent means; burglary by breaking and other circumstances of aggravation; breaking and committing an indictable offence; arson; endangering the safe use of vehicles and transport infrastructure; destroying or damaging premises by explosion; destroying sea walls and other property; communicating infectious diseases to animals; attempting to commit an indictable offence punishable by mandatory life imprisonment; being an accessory to the fact after an indictable offence punishable by mandatory life imprisonment (Criminal Code (QLD))
4512:
reasonable measure to prevent its commission; assisting enemy to engage in armed conflict; treachery; espionage; aggravated espionage offences; terrorism; planning or preparing for a terrorist act; financing terrorism; financing a terrorist; murder of an
Australian citizen or resident; entering a foreign country with the intention of engaging in a hostile activity; engaging in a hostile activity in a foreign country, or engaging in conduct preparatory to, including providing or participating in training, accumulating weapons or giving or receiving goods and services to commit a foreign incursion offence; allowing the use of a building, aircraft or vessel intending to commit, support or promote a foreign incursion offence; burglary of a property owned by a Commonwealth entity with the intent to commit an offence that causes harm to a person or damage to property; genocide offences; crimes against humanity (murder and extermination); war crimes; trafficking or manufacturing a commercial quantity of controlled drugs; cultivating or selling commercial quantities of controlled plants; importing or exporting commercial quantities of controlled drugs or plants; importing commercial quantities of a controlled drug or plant; possessing commercial quantities of a controlled drug or plant reasonably believed to have been imported; supplying marketable quantities of controlled drugs to children for trafficking; procuring children for trafficking marketable quantities of controlled drugs; procuring children for pre-trafficking marketable quantities of controlled precursors; procuring children for importing or exporting marketable quantities of a controlled drug or plant or for importing or exporting marketable quantities of border controlled precursors (Criminal Code Act (Cth))
4550:
railway, roadway, aircraft or ship; sexual intercourse without consent; causing a child under 12 to enter into or continue in sexual servitude; operating a business that involves the sexual servitude of a child under 12; aggravated robbery (armed, in company or causing harm to any person immediately before or after or during the robbery); discharging a firearm while armed in the course of assault with intent to steal; unlawfully taking control of an aircraft with violence or threats, in company or while armed; sabotage; arson; endangering operation of an aircraft; conspiracy to lay false charges where the person found guilty would have been liable to life imprisonment; terrorism; perjury in order to procure the conviction of an offence punishable by life imprisonment; forcibly rescuing certain offenders; aggravated sexual relationship with a child (Criminal Code Act (NT)). Supply of a commercial quantity of a dangerous drug (Schedule 1 or 2) to a child; supply of a dangerous drug (Schedule 1) to a child; cultivation of a commercial quantity of a prohibited plant in the presence of a child; manufacture of a commercial quantity of a
Schedule 1 dangerous drug; manufacture of a commercial or trafficable quantity of a Schedule 1 drug in the presence of a child; procuring a child under 14 to commit an offence under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Misuse of Drugs Act (NT))
638:. Other countries that do not practice life sentences include Mongolia in Asia and Norway, Iceland, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Andorra and Montenegro in Europe. Where life imprisonment is a possible sentence, there may also exist formal mechanisms for requesting parole after a certain period of prison time. This means that a convict could be entitled to spend the rest of the sentence (until that individual dies) outside prison. Early release is usually conditional on past and future conduct, possibly with certain restrictions or obligations. In contrast, when a fixed term of imprisonment has ended, the convict is free. The length of time served and the conditions surrounding parole vary. Being eligible for parole does not necessarily ensure that parole will be granted. In some countries, including Sweden, parole does not exist but a life sentence may – after a successful application – be commuted to a fixed-term sentence, after which the offender is released as if the sentence served was that originally imposed.
4539:
residential buildings; manufacture of a commercial quantity of a controlled drug for sale; sell, supply, or administer a controlled drug to a child or possession of a controlled drug intending to sell, supply or administer to a child; sell, supply, or administer a controlled drug to a person in a school zone, or possession of a controlled drug in a school zone intending to sell, supply or administer the drug to another person; trafficking a commercial quantity of a controlled drug; cultivating a commercial quantity of a controlled plant for sale (includes cannabis); sale of a commercial quantity of a controlled plant or possession with intention to sell (includes cannabis - prescribed amount - 100 plants; but in aggravated circumstances, 20 plants)
1050:, Florida, Terrence J. Graham tried to rob a restaurant along with three adolescent accomplices. During the robbery, one of Graham's accomplices had a metal bar that he used to hit the restaurant manager twice in the head. Once arrested, Graham was charged with attempted armed robbery and armed burglary with assault/battery. The maximum sentence he faced for these charges was life without the possibility of parole, and the prosecutor wanted to charge him as an adult. During the trial, Graham pleaded guilty to the charges, resulting in three years of probation, one year of which had to be served in jail. Since he had been awaiting trial in jail, he already served six months and, therefore, was released after six additional months.
1138:
jail term between 30 and 40 years. At the time of the reform, at least 117 prisoners were serving natural life imprisonment, consisting of 70 whose original death sentences were commuted to life (without parole) prior to the reform, and another 47 whose sentences of life were imposed by the courts, and all of these life convicts were allowed to have their jail terms reduced to between 30 and 40 years in jail. In
November 2023, four drug traffickers - Zulkipli Arshad, Wan Yuriilhami Wan Yaacob, Ghazalee Kasim and Mohamad Junaidi Hussin - became the first group of people to have their natural life sentences reduced to 30 years’ imprisonment after a re-sentencing hearing by the
1659:
4616:
1054:
trial for the probation violations a year later. While Graham denied any involvement in the robbery, he did admit to fleeing from the police. The trial court found that Graham violated his probation by "committing a home invasion robbery, possessing a firearm, and associating with persons engaged in criminal activity", and sentenced him to 15 years for the attempted armed robbery plus life imprisonment for the armed burglary. The life sentence Graham received meant he had a life sentence without the possibility of parole, "because
Florida abolished their parole system in 2003".
3017:
1263:
4612:
3073:
1600:
1433:
1177:, which dismissed Abdul Nasir's appeal, to decide that it would be wrong to consider life imprisonment as a fixed jail term of 20 years and thus changed it to a jail term to be served for the rest of the prisoner's remaining lifespan. The amended definition is applied to future crimes committed after 20 August 1997. Since Abdul Nasir committed the crime of kidnapping and was sentenced before 20 August 1997, his life sentence remained as a prison term of 20 years and thus he still had to serve 38 years behind bars.
3281:
3217:
3131:
1762:
3352:
2363:
2068:
393:
2631:
732:
1388:
2703:
2211:
1924:
1700:
3226:
2763:
1820:
1537:
1323:
2422:
2110:
3399:
2586:
2479:
2318:
2169:
1877:
3146:
1986:
3139:
2276:
2946:
2529:
1495:
2820:
1061:, with the question of whether juveniles should receive life without the possibility of parole in non-homicide cases. The Justices eventually ruled that such a sentence violated the juvenile's 8th Amendment rights, protecting them from punishments that are disproportionate to the crime committed, resulting in the abolition of life sentences without the possibility of parole in non-homicide cases for juveniles.
918:, with the last granting of a pardon taking place in 1986 when a terminally ill convict was released. As of 1970, the Dutch monarch has pardoned a total of three convicts. Although there is no possibility of parole eligibility, since 2016 prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment in the Netherlands are eligible to have their cases reviewed after serving at least 25 years. This change in law was because the
907:, life imprisonment means for the rest of one's life with the only possibilities for release being a terminal illness or a presidential pardon. In Albania, while no person sentenced to life imprisonment is eligible for standard parole, a conditional release is still possible if the prisoner is found not likely to re-offend and has displayed good behaviour, and has served at least 25 years.
4724:
life imprisonment does not contain a saving similar to the death penalty clause, and thus life sentences are not allowed even in wartime. It is unclear, however, if the presidential power of mercy, that allows the president to pardon or commute a penal sentence, could be used to reduce a death penalty imposed in wartime, transforming it into a sentence of life imprisonment.
899:, while the law does not expressly provide for life imprisonment without any possibility of parole, a court can rule in exceptionally serious circumstances that convicts are ineligible for automatic parole consideration after 30 years if convicted of child murder involving rape or torture, premeditated murder of a state official or terrorism resulting in death. In
2979:
nuclear weapons, unlawful nuclear explosion, treason, genocide; in wartime only: mutiny, insubordination, undermining the will to fight, desertion, unauthorised capitulation, negligence of war preparations and negligence of battle duty; attempts, accessories, accomplices and incitements of all the above crimes might also be punished with life imprisonment.
3192:, kidnapping, false imprisonment, manslaughter, attempted murder, soliciting murder, threats to kill, wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm, malicious wounding, using chloroform etc., maliciously administering poison, abandoning children, other serious crimes and other common law offences where the maximum penalty is life imprisonment.
903:, there is never a possibility of parole for anyone sentenced to life imprisonment, as life imprisonment is defined as the "deprivation of liberty of the convict for the entire rest of his/her life". Where mercy is granted in relation to a person serving life imprisonment, imprisonment thereof must not be less than 30 years. In
886:, persons who refuse to cooperate with authorities and are sentenced for mafia activities or terrorism are ineligible for parole and thus will spend the rest of their lives in prison. In Austria, life imprisonment will mean imprisonment for the remainder of the offender's life unless clemency is granted by the
4723:
Brazil's constitution prohibits the death penalty with a saving allowing the death penalty in wartime, if the state of war is duly declared by
Congress (art. 5, item XLVII, subitem "a)"); the Constitution's next line (art. 5, item XLVII, subitem "b)"), prohibits life sentences. The clause prohibiting
4530:
QLD: Demands with menaces upon agencies of government; riot, if the offender causes grievous bodily harm to a person, causes an explosive substance to explode or destroys or starts to destroy a building, vehicle or machinery; piracy; perjury, in order to procure the conviction of another person for a
1137:
Originally in
Malaysia, life imprisonment was construed as a jail term lasting the remainder of a convict's natural life, either with or without the possibility of parole. In April 2023, the Malaysian government officially abolished natural life imprisonment and instead redefined a life sentence as a
4549:
NT: Manslaughter; assisting or encouraging a suicide; killing an unborn child; disabling or stupefying in order to commit an indictable offence; acts intended to cause serious harm or prevent lawful apprehension; preventing escape from wreck; intentionally endangering safety of persons travelling by
722:
estimated that there were 2,589 youth offenders serving life sentences without the possibility for parole in the U.S. Since the start of 2020, that number has fallen to 1,465. The United States has the highest population of prisoners serving life sentences for both adults and minors, at a rate of 50
1164:
on 20 August 1997 that led to the law in
Singapore to change the definition of life imprisonment into a sentence that lasts the remainder of the prisoner's natural life, with the possibility of parole after at least 20 years. Abdul Nasir was a convicted robber and kidnapper who was, in two separate
890:
or it can be assumed that the convicted person will not commit any further crimes; the probationary period is ten years. In Malta, prior to 2018, there was previously never any possibility of parole for any person sentenced to life imprisonment, and any form of release from a life sentence was only
2730:
Under certain, aggravated conditions (usually causing death): crimes against humanity, drug trafficking, human trafficking, child trafficking, false imprisonment, hostage taking, kidnapping, robbery, extortion, domestic violence, kidnapping, public endangerment, air/sea piracy, treason, sabotage,
941:
In South and
Central America, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Uruguay, Bolivia, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic have all abolished life imprisonment. The maximum sentence is 75 years in El Salvador, 60 years in Colombia, 50 years in Costa Rica and Panama, 40
713:
A few countries allow for a minor to be given a life sentence without parole; these include but are not limited to: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina (only over the age of 16), Australia, Belize, Brunei, Cuba, Dominica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, and the United
1053:
Within six months of his release, Graham was involved in another robbery. Since he violated the conditions of his probation, his probation officer reported to the trial court about his probation violations a few weeks before Graham turned 18 years old. It was a different judge presiding over his
1349:
Murder, high level drug dealing, Nazi activism, production or distribution of chemical warfare agents to be used in armed conflict; abduction, robbery, rape and statutory rape if the crime causes the victim's death, sea and air piracy and arson if the crime causes the death of a large number of
677:
was sentenced to 34 consecutive terms of life imprisonment (without parole) for murdering 17 people and injuring another 17 at a school. Any sentence without parole effectively means a sentence cannot be suspended; a life sentence without parole, therefore, means that in the absence of unlikely
4523:
NSW: Murder; aggravated sexual assault in company; sexual intercourse with a child under 10; persistent sexual abuse of a child (Crimes Act (NSW)). Drug offences involving commercial quantities or cultivation for a commercial purpose; offences involving manufacture or production in presence of
2978:
Murder, kidnapping, arson, sabotage, dangerous destruction of property, hijacking, espionage, terror crimes, rebellion, endangering the public health by spread of contagion or poison, disloyalty when negotiating with foreign powers, trading in anti-personnel mines, cluster bombs or chemical or
4861:
4511:
Offences including piracy; murder of a UN or associated person; explosives and lethal device offences; treason; assisting anyone known to have committed treason escape apprehension or punishment; knowing someone intends to commit a treason offence and not reporting it to the police or taking
2003:
Since 1977: Normally 15 years. In exceptionally serious cases the minimum to serve before the possbility of parole can be increased at the courts discretion with no fixed limit. Decisions of the constitutional court require that there is a realistic chance of release and that age and serious
1032:
4538:
SA: Manslaughter; aggravated causing death or causing serious harm by use of a vehicle or vessel; rape; unlawful sexual intercourse with a person under 14; property damage of building or motor vehicle by fire (arson) or explosives; aggravated robbery; aggravated serious criminal trespass of
1101:
that judges do not need to make a separate finding of the defendant to be "permanently incorrigible", the "Miller requirement", prior to handing them a sentence of life sentence without parole, but maintained that an individual evaluation to precede sentencing, hence maintaining the ban on
4534:
WA: Attempt to unlawfully kill; criminal damage by fire (Criminal Code (WA)). Possessing, with intent to sell or supply, a trafficable quantity (>28g) of methylamphetamine; conspiring with another to, or attempting to, commit a methylamphetamine trafficking offence (Misuse of Drugs Act
5008:
The court may decide that only the time in less-than-maximum security prison counts for the purposes of parole and that the convict must serve at least ten years in maximum security. A record of good behavior is needed for transfer to lower security in which 20 years must be served
1074:
that mandatory sentences of life in prison without parole for juvenile offenders are unconstitutional. The majority opinion stated that barring a judge from considering mitigating factors and other information, such as age, maturity, and family and home environment violated the
4545:
ACT: Murder; trafficking in a controlled drug; manufacturing a controlled drug for selling; cultivating a controlled plant for selling; selling a controlled plant; supplying controlled drug to child for selling; procuring a child to traffic a controlled
2135:
Manslaughter, rape, aggravated sexual assault, committing a sexual act on a child less than 15 years of age, assault causing serious harm, syringe attacks, aggravated kidnapping, aggravated robbery, aggravated burglary, certain drugs offences, and other
5202:
A person between the ages of 18 and 21 can be tried before a juvenile court (which happens in almost all cases concerning minors) or an adult court, which is determined by the intellectual development of the accused and the severity of the crime
2963:
After 2006: The offender can apply for conversion to a fixed term sentence after 10 years. The fixed term shall be at least 18 years and under normal parole regulations two thirds are served before release (minimum 12 years served for a life
3162:), but individually set by judge. A whole life order means life without parole (e.g. natural life in prison until death). However, there is, at least in theory, a possibility of release of prisoners serving such sentences, as the
1796:
Some cases of murder, public endangerment, treason, terrorism, genocide, crimes against humanity, use of forbidden combat device or forbidden combat tactics, war crimes, persecution of population, misuse of international symbols
4831:, R.S. 1995, c. 22, s. 6(1), as amended by R.S., 1985, c. 1 (4th Supp.), s. 45(F) and R.S.C., 1992, c. 22, s. 4; and R.S.C., 2000, c. 1, s. 1(F) and R.S.C., 2010, c. 5, s. 2 and R.S.C, 2012, c. 1, s. 115. (
2662:
not amounting to murder (manslaughter), kidnapping by ransom, criminal breach of trust by a public servant, voluntarily causing grievous hurt with dangerous weapons, and trafficking of firearms and more than 30 other offences
768:
In several countries, life imprisonment has been effectively abolished. Many of the countries whose governments have abolished both life imprisonment and indefinite imprisonment have been culturally influenced or colonized by
5054:
1160:, before 20 August 1997, the law decreed that life imprisonment is a fixed sentence of 20 years with the possibility of one-third reduction of the sentence (13 years and 4 months) for good behaviour. It was an appeal by
5337:
1906:
Some cases of murder, some cases of handling drugs, crimes against humanity, genocide, acts of war against civilians, terrorism, violence against the independence of
Estonia, causing an explosion using nuclear energy
2553:
Treason, assassination of Polish president, war of aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity, unlawful use of weapon of mass destruction, war crimes, murder, homicide and serious bodily harm resulting in death
4292:
1169:
in 1994 and a consecutive sentence of life imprisonment with 12 strokes of the cane for kidnapping two police officers for ransom in 1996, which totalled up to 38 years' imprisonment and 30 strokes of the cane.
4845:
1079:
ban on cruel and unusual punishment. Sentences of life in prison without parole can still be given to juveniles for aggravated first-degree murder, as long as the judge considers the circumstances of the case.
652:
life imprisonment, meaning that the sentence would last longer than the human life expectancy. For example, courts in South Africa have handed out at least two sentences that have exceeded a century, while in
4077:"Presidência da República - Secretaria-Geral - Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos - CÓDIGO PENAL - "Art. 75. O tempo de cumprimento das penas privativas de liberdade não pode ser superior a 40 (quarenta) anos"
3490:
4649:
1844:
Treason, espionage during wartime, use of force against the parliament, terrorism, arson under circumstances that are life-threatening, hijacking of vehicles, willful release of nuclear substances, murder
969:
A person serving a life sentence must serve for a certain length of time before becoming eligible for parole. First degree murder and high treason carry the longest period of parole ineligibility in the
4598:
4422:
2387:
Murder, aggravated manslaughter, various crimes against the Dutch state, attacks on the monarch, crimes with a terrorist motive, and leading a terrorist organization in especially serious circumstances
5716:
914:, there was never a possibility of parole for any person sentenced to life imprisonment, and any form of release for life convicted in the country was only possible when granted royal decree by the
1014:
ruled that sentencing minors to life without parole, automatically (as the result of a statute) or as the result of a judicial decision, for crimes other than intentional homicide, violated the
5945:
929:, the decision of whether or not a life-convicted person is eligible for parole is up to the prison complex after 25 years have been served, and release eligibility depends on the prospect of
1106:
life sentences for minors. Life sentences with minimum terms, which permit later evaluation of a convict's character and rehabilitation, remain constitutional, including for minor offenders.
3717:
925:
Even in other European countries that do provide for life without parole, courts continue to retain judicial discretion to decide whether a sentence of life should include parole or not. In
4026:
710:
oppose that punishment. In particular, they emphasize that when faced with a prisoner with no hope of being released ever, the prison has no means to discipline such convict effectively.
5694:
882:, although the law does not expressly provide for life without the possibility of release, some convicted persons may never be released, on the grounds that they are too dangerous. In
1674:
13 for a single murder if it is the perpetrator's first offence. 15–20 for a single murder that is the perpetrator's second offence if he/she serves the sentence with good behaviour
614:
Common law murder is one of the only crimes in which life imprisonment is mandatory; mandatory life sentences for murder are given in several countries, including some states of the
5058:
5923:
5244:
5330:
2244:, terrorism resulting in death, piracy (hijacking of a civilian aircraft or civilian vessel) that results in death or otherwise has grave consequences to the safety of others
1624:
Various crimes including attempted murder, aircraft hijacking, armed robbery, kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault, conspiracy to murder and most offenses resulting in death
1612:
25 years for first-degree murder or high treason; 10 years minimum for second-degree murder. 7–25 years for any other offence where the maximum penalty is life imprisonment.
4315:
5796:
4734:
4207:
3539:
993:, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. Parole eligibility for second degree murder typically varies between 10 and 25 years, and is set by the sentencing judge.
3470:
933:
and how likely they are to re-offend. In Europe, only Ukraine and Moldova explicitly exclude parole or any form of sentence commutation for life sentences in all cases.
962:
is a criminal sentence for certain offences that lasts for the offender’s life. Parole is possible, but even if paroled, the offender remains under the supervision of
622:. Life imprisonment (as a maximum term) can also be imposed, in certain countries, for traffic offences causing death. Life imprisonment is not used in all countries;
5458:
2236:
Genocide, prohibited mistreatment of persons under international law, war crimes, crimes against humanity, prohibited military attack, attempted assassination of the
3822:
995:
A life sentence is the most severe punishment for any crime in Canada. Criminal laws are enacted by the Parliament of Canada and apply uniformly across the country.
987:
5840:
4887:
4638:
5898:
3373:
3649:
4594:
4414:
2337:
24 years (74 years if convicted of murder involving kidnapping); in the state of Chihuahua, murder involving kidnapping provides for a mandatory life sentence
1663:
1187:, was since regarded as a landmark in Singapore's legal history as it changed the definition of life imprisonment from "life" to "natural life" under the law.
5861:
This is subject to sentencing guidelines applicable to each offence and to limits on the sentences which can be applied in courts dealing with minor offences.
1095:
were to apply retroactively, causing a substantial amount of appeals to decade-old sentences for then-juvenile offenders. In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in
4813:, R.S. 1985, c. C-46, s. 748, as amended by R.S., 1985, c. 1 (4th Supp.), s. 45(F) and R.S.C., 1992, c. 22, s. 12; and R.S.C., 1995, c. 22, s. 6. (
5708:
4118:
3096:
1216:
477:
4917:
1165:
High Court trials, sentenced to 18 years' imprisonment and 18 strokes of the cane for robbery with hurt resulting in a female Japanese tourist's death at
673:, received 12 consecutive life sentences plus 3,318 years without the possibility of parole. In the case of mass murder in the US, Parkland mass murderer
4058:
3851:
3696:
5661:§ 89 Criminal Code of Slovenia (Kazenski zakonik, KZ), temporarily pursuant as per § 375 of (the new) Criminal Code of Slovenia (Kazenski zakonik; KZ-1)
4987:
4689:
2611:
Treason and other grave crimes against the state, extremely grave murder, capitulation, desertion on the battlefield, crimes against peace or humanity
1076:
1015:
808:
previously had a maximum prison sentence of 40 years; life imprisonment was instated in 2019 by amendments to the country's criminal code, alongside a
3779:
3104:
3978:
3713:
1445:
15 years (no previous conviction or below 3 years), 19 years (previous conviction below 5 years), or 23 years (previous conviction 5 years or more)
3515:
2407:
After 25 years served, the Advisory College for the Lifelong Incarcerated reviews whether a return into society is advisable, but only a pardon by
942:
years in Honduras and Brazil, 30 years in Nicaragua, Bolivia, Uruguay, Venezuela and the Dominican Republic, and 25 years in Paraguay and Ecuador.
5308:
2240:, attempted assassination of a governmental official or foreign official, murder with aggravated circumstances, murder of persons protected under
4488:
3338:
2020:
3196:
698:. Since the behaviour of a prisoner serving a life sentence without parole is not relevant to the execution of such sentence, many people among
517:, or commuted to a fixed term). Crimes that result in life imprisonment are extremely serious and usually violent. Examples of these crimes are
5550:
5509:
4756:
4256:
3175:– abolished in 2012 but offenders already serving that sentence remain in prison. Persons under 18 years of age may be sentenced to detention
5686:
4787:
3000:: max 14 years of imprisonment (until 1 January 2022, onwards the same rules as for other offenders are applied in cases of serious offences)
6121:
5213:
4274:
2060:
No (abolished in West Germany by the Constitution since 23 May 1949; abolished by law in West Germany in 1953 and in East Germany in 1987)
976:, at 25 years. A statutory amendment to allow periods of parole ineligibility greater than 25 years was held to be unconstitutional by the
3573:
2015:
Aggravated murder, genocide resulting in death, crimes against humanity resulting in death, war crimes against persons resulting in death
5994:
5391:
4832:
2494:
Maximum sentence 21 years (30 years if convicted of aggravated terrorism) with possibility to renew the sentence in exceptional cases.
1287:
Yes; for murder in Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory; for murder of police officer in New South Wales
5931:
5363:
5263:
1292:
715:
4707:
694:
life terms are used, a release on humanitarian grounds (also known as compassionate release) is commonplace, such as in the case of
5409:
5024:
1209:
470:
4323:
6216:
4191:
2650:
4459:
4230:
4164:
4110:
2655:
Yes; for certain offences, including possession of firearms at time of arrest for any offence, hijacking of aircraft and piracy
819:, there are many jurisdictions where the law expressly provides for life sentences without the possibility of parole. These are
6221:
3356:
1122:
1005:
828:
289:
283:
5875:
4091:
3620:
1562:
Aggravated murder, aggravated kidnapping, aggravated robbery, treason, espionage, war crimes, genocide, desertion in wartime
5965:
3898:
1299:
6146:
3671:
2367:
5454:
4472:
4293:"In landmark review, apex court commutes death penalty and natural-life imprisonment of 11 convicted for drug trafficking"
2004:
illnesses of the convicted must be taken into account, when a minimum time to serve in exceptionally serious cases is set.
5836:
5598:
Only in cases of repeat offenders, convicted of the same or as part of an organized group or during a state of emergency.
1202:
463:
5771:
3540:"Crime > Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole: Countries Compared"
4883:
3334:
3266:
Compassionate release by cabinet secretary for justice (Scottish government); amnesty by royal decree (by means of the
3172:
1282:
1058:
1011:
707:
3166:
has the power to release on licence any life sentence prisoner on compassionate grounds in exceptional circumstances.
6186:
5289:
4814:
3657:
1948:
High treason, espionage, genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, homicidal terrorist act, crime against peace
777:
and have written such prohibitions into their current constitutional laws (including Portugal itself but not Spain).
4639:"The abolition of the death penalty and its alternative sanction in South Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia"
690:(e.g. imminent death), the prisoner will spend the rest of their natural life in prison. In several countries where
6201:
6151:
3021:
662:
5572:
5987:
2680:
1807:
793:
each set the maximum prison sentence at 45 years, and Portugal abolished all forms of life imprisonment with the
5331:"VIII-1250 Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymas dėl Europos žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvenc..."
4500:
3878:
6176:
6056:
4909:
4855:
4076:
3825:[Congress approves permanent revisable prison with support only from the People's Party] (in Spanish).
3739:
3693:
3163:
2679:: applied for certain offences, but mandatory for murder, drug trafficking and other offences that attract the
2635:
2241:
1267:
1151:
963:
919:
339:
20:
3753:
6181:
5634:
Only if the crime results in the injuries or deaths of multiple persons or if the perpetrator is a mercenary.
5032:
4983:
3986:
3780:"The Sentencing Project News – New Publication: Life Goes On: The Historic Rise in Life Sentences in America"
3465:
3318:
2707:
801:
627:
5674:
5230:
5106:
4561:
4345:
2000:
Before 1977: never (except with presidential pardon). Ruled unconstitutional by Federal Constitutional Court
1671:
13 years of the original sentence having been actually served. Never in extremely serious corruption cases.
6256:
6116:
6111:
6101:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6066:
6061:
6051:
5797:"Whole Life Orders: Attorney General's Reference (R. v McCann); Attorney General's Reference (R. v Sinaga)"
3924:
3787:
3176:
2933:
1990:
1928:
1824:
1704:
1437:
1327:
1174:
1166:
1019:
670:
666:
449:
232:
5818:
6211:
6206:
6196:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6141:
6126:
6106:
6096:
6071:
4443:
3625:
3077:
2950:
2533:
2483:
2322:
1604:
959:
952:
420:
412:
4943:
3522:
6241:
6191:
6136:
6131:
6076:
5980:
5304:
3330:
3267:
3203:
2824:
1646:
362:
6246:
3595:
3450:
3248:
Murder with additional circumstances, two or more murders, attempted murder, two or more counts rape
1139:
930:
324:
5546:
5505:
4752:
3041:
Aggravated murder, aggravated hostage-taking, genocide, endangering the independence of the country
3326:
88:
5173:
4779:
4524:
children or procuring children to supply prohibited drugs (Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act (NSW)).
4473:"A Comparative Review of National Legislation for the Indefinite Detention of 'Dangerous Criminals
4388:
6028:
4168:
3455:
2921:
1085:
977:
915:
642:
250:
34:
2712:
Yes; only if necessary to protect society and given the convict is unlikely to be rehabilitated
5387:
4809:
3565:
2690:
2658:
Murder (if no intent to cause death), drug trafficking (if acted as couriers or mentally ill),
2237:
2055:
972:
790:
309:
5872:"Criminal Proceedings in Scotland 2014–15: Annex D: Definitions, Classifications and Notation"
4572:
4415:"Murderer fails to escape the gallows: 6 other cases involving the revised death penalty laws"
5080:
4000:
3952:
3460:
1181:
1161:
1047:
695:
687:
334:
193:
63:
4363:
3823:"El Congreso aprueba la prisión permanente revisable con el único apoyo del Partido Popular"
6033:
5359:
4827:
4234:
4041:"Ukraine found in violation of the prohibition of torture over treatment of life prisoners"
2156:
2051:
1097:
922:
stated in 2013 that lifelong imprisonment without the chance of being released is inhuman.
887:
800:
Life imprisonment in Spain was abolished in 1928, but reinstated in 2015 and upheld by the
665:
in 1996, received 35 life sentences plus 1,035 years without parole. In the United States,
188:
168:
8:
4704:
2115:
329:
5670:
5401:
5245:"Children charged with serious crimes face different criminal justice process to adults"
6038:
6023:
6018:
4575:
judicialcollege.vic.edu.au 'Young persons' may not be sentenced to indefinite sentences
4489:"Indefinite detention of people with cognitive and psychiatric impairment in Australia"
3757:
2862:
1118:
892:
719:
604:
549:
428:
219:
211:
206:
183:
178:
173:
98:
43:
3195:
No, but offenders under 18 can be sentenced to detention for an indeterminate period.
1745:: Imprisonment of up to 10 years only in serious cases, otherwise educational measures
6261:
6251:
5028:
4958:
4851:
4455:
4199:
3694:
The Rest of Their Lives: Life without Parole for Child Offenders in the United States
3314:
3150:
2725:
2659:
2328:
1091:
1066:
1024:
820:
809:
785:
A number of European countries have abolished all forms of indefinite imprisonment.
635:
569:
557:
304:
255:
224:
93:
5871:
5837:"Life Sentence Prisoners in Scotland: Chapter One: Historical Use of Life Sentences"
4666:
4456:"Indefinite detention of persons with disability within the criminal justice system"
3714:"State Distribution of Youth Offenders Serving Juvenile Life Without Parole (JLWOP)"
3097:
Life imprisonment in Taiwan § Crimes with life imprisonment as minimum sentence
3287:
3159:
2858:
631:
441:
294:
148:
83:
5481:"The Penal Code - Chapter 18. Terrorist acts and terrorism-related acts - Lovdata"
5428:
5775:
5413:
5395:
5193:
sec. 8(1) German Criminal Code on crimes against international law and war crimes
5184:
sec. 7(1) German Criminal Code on crimes against international law and war crimes
4711:
3854:[Constitutional court upholds permanent reviewable prison] (in Spanish).
3700:
3242:
Between 17 and 30 years for a single murder without any additional circumstances
2908:
2833:
1036:
982:
847:(only for persons who refuse to cooperate with authorities and are sentenced for
572:
565:
357:
103:
5480:
3679:
3322:
3280:
3216:
3130:
3006:
By the district court of Örebro (parole hearing) or by the government (pardon)
1767:
824:
645:, courts have been given the authority to pass prison terms that may amount to
494:
372:
158:
4027:"RIS - Strafgesetzbuch § 46 - Bundesrecht konsolidiert, tagesaktuelle Fassung"
3105:
Life imprisonment in Taiwan § Other crimes allowing for life imprisonment
1866:
After 12 years entitled to request to minister of justice; granted by monarch
6235:
5768:
4962:
4203:
3351:
3189:
2868:
2851:
2541:
Any minimum term from 30 to 50 years or never; individually set by the judge
2073:
1337:
or never (Imprisonment for lifetime, when clemency is rejected by president)
1312:
Federal: By governor general NSW, Vic, QLD, WA, SA, Tas, ACT, NT: by statute
1070:
in a 5–4 decision and with the majority opinion written by Associate Justice
794:
658:
615:
4527:
Vic: Murder; trafficking in a drug of dependence (large commercial quantity)
2578:
No (abolished during peacetime in 1998 and under all circumstances in 2014)
1963:: max. 12 years' imprisonment for a single offence, 15 for multiple offences
4942:
Kovčo Vukadin, Irma; Žakman-Ban, Vladimira; Jandrić-Nišević, Anita (2010).
2408:
1142:, which was followed by many more such commutations in the months to come.
1126:
1114:
674:
626:
was the first country to abolish life imprisonment, in 1884, and all other
533:
498:
367:
240:
73:
5281:
1275:
Federal: For terrorism and treason offences: 22.5 years. State laws vary.
1173:
Abdul Nasir's appeal for the two sentences to run concurrently led to the
746: Life imprisonment is a legal penalty, but with certain restrictions.
4847:
Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law in the People's Republic of China
4165:"Court bars mandatory life without parole for youths, rejects cross case"
3016:
2362:
2021:
Life imprisonment in Germany § Crimes allowing for life imprisonment
1071:
966:
for their lifetime, and can be returned to prison for parole violations.
911:
832:
718:
study, only the U.S. had minors serving such sentences in 2008. In 2009,
703:
530:
299:
198:
27:
5174:
German Criminal Code on crimes against international law and war crimes
4884:"Is Life Without Parole a Signal of China's Will to Reduce Executions?"
4231:"Pope Francis calls for abolishing death penalty and life imprisonment"
3445:
2895:
2137:
1393:
584:
580:
397:
319:
143:
133:
78:
4941:
4735:"Pacote anticrime entra em vigor com mudanças no cumprimento de penas"
4154:, 87(1), 51–91. Criminal Justice Abstracts. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
3929:
3566:"Cleveland kidnapper Ariel Castro sentenced to life, plus 1,000 years"
4111:"Supreme Court Restricts Life Sentences Without Parole for Juveniles"
2630:
2569:: max. 30 years' imprisonment, but only if juvenile is tried as adult
2216:
1262:
1157:
852:
731:
541:
526:
278:
138:
68:
5972:
5946:"Pese a que la Justicia ha aplicado penas de 45 años, no se cumplen"
4257:"Malaysia scraps mandatory death penalty, natural-life prison terms"
392:
3231:
2879:
2872:
2768:
2702:
1910:
Maximum length 10 years. Under 14 cannot be criminally prosecuted.
1542:
840:
797:
of Sampaio e Melo in 1884 and has a maximum sentence of 25 years.
774:
723:
people per 100,000 (1 out of 2,000) residents imprisoned for life.
654:
623:
608:
588:
553:
4040:
3650:"InfoLEG – Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas – Argentina"
1031:
5110:
4275:"Malaysia commutes death penalty, life terms of 11 drug convicts"
4083:
3801:
3404:
3138:
2899:
2591:
2427:
2174:
1985:
1923:
1882:
1819:
1699:
1432:
1404:
15 years for a single murder (up to 20 years for several crimes)
1322:
1240:
Indefinite sentence (excl. preventive or psychiatric detainment)
926:
904:
900:
856:
836:
786:
683:
634:
except for Cuba, Peru, Argentina, Chile and the Mexican state of
592:
545:
522:
123:
4542:
Tas: Murder; treason; accessory after the fact guilty of treason
3388:
By president or governor of a state (depending on jurisdiction)
5084:
3072:
2945:
2837:
2528:
2478:
2317:
1860:: 16 years under normal circumstances, 20 years if gang-related
1599:
1500:
1121:
and life imprisonment in a meeting with representatives of the
896:
879:
872:
868:
864:
860:
816:
805:
699:
679:
619:
600:
518:
514:
510:
506:
314:
273:
113:
5031:§ 33, § 41] (in Danish). Retsinformation (Civilstyrelsen,
4705:
Jeugdsanctierecht in Europa: is uithandengeving een evidentie?
3521:(PDF). Mothers Against Drunk Driving. May 2012. Archived from
2840:, depending on the number of crimes and the crimes themselves
1484:
Parole by Conditional Release Commission or pardon by monarch
1129:
penal code in 2013, is just a variation of the death penalty.
26:"Life term" redirects here. For lifelong terms of office, see
5896:
5786:
art. 173 al. 1 let. k Constitution of the Swiss Confederation
4092:"How sentences are imposed - Canadian Victims Bill of Rights"
3927:[A statute installed in 1822 and abolished in 1928].
3491:"How sentences are imposed - Canadian Victims Bill of Rights"
3145:
2918:
Attempt of genocide if resulting in death, rape or mutilation
2819:
2281:
1936:
12 years for court release; any time for presidential pardon
1658:
883:
848:
844:
770:
596:
576:
561:
502:
5573:"How Long Is Life Imprisonment in Singapore? And Other FAQs"
5384:
For details of new rulings from Mexican Supreme Court, see:
4090:
Government of Canada, Department of Justice (23 July 2015).
3489:
Government of Canada, Department of Justice (23 July 2015).
2521:
No (Fully abolished in 1979, constitutional ban since 2014)
4910:"Section 2 The President of the People's Republic of China"
3826:
3471:
List of people sentenced to more than one life imprisonment
3185:
2608:
Genocide during wartime, inhumane treatment during wartime
1995:
Yes (for adults between 18 and 21 only if tried as adults)
1293:
Life imprisonment in Australia § State and territories
537:
108:
5388:"Wanted Fugitive Raul Gomez Garcia Extradited to the U.S."
4192:"Court Bars Mandatory Life Terms for Juveniles in Murders"
3899:"25 anos de prisão. A história da pena máxima em Portugal"
1969:: Life with reduced minimum of 10 years for parole request
1234:
Minimum to serve before eligibility for requesting parole
1125:. He also stated that life imprisonment, removed from the
5899:"Fury over ruling that could see Attracta's killer freed"
3855:
3852:"El Constitucional avala la prisión permanente revisable"
3621:"Florida school mass shooter sentenced to life in prison"
3880:
THE PORTUGUESE PENAL CODE, GENERAL PART (ARTICLES 1–130)
3341:) can be used to grant amnesty like the rest of the UK.
2140:
offences where the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
1621:
High treason, first-degree murder, second-degree murder
641:
In many countries around the world, particularly in the
4951:
Varstvoslovje, Journal of Criminal Justice and Security
1039:, sentenced to life imprisonment for bank robbery, 1935
630:
also have maximum imprisonment lengths, as well as all
2960:
Before 2006: Never (unless pardoned by the government)
5362:(in Portuguese). Imprensa Oficial. 14 November 1995.
5305:"Lebanese Revolution? Death Sentence For Wife Beater"
5264:"Just what can the President of Ireland actually do?"
4167:. Catholic News Service. 25 June 2012. Archived from
2683:(imposition of death not allowed for minors below 18)
4595:"Royal Prerogative of Mercy and statutory referrals"
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4089:
3564:
McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Brown, Pamela (August 2013).
3488:
2724:
Aggravated murder, genocide, terrorism, war crimes,
2488:
Life imprisonment only under military criminal code
19:"Life sentence" redirects here. For other uses, see
5107:"Oikeuslaitos – Imprisonment and community service"
5019:
5017:
5015:
3925:"Una figura instaurada en 1822 y eliminada en 1928"
505:under which the convicted criminal is to remain in
4562:Crimes (Sentencing) Act 2005 (ACT) section 133G(4)
2803:: max. 10 years of imprisonment in juvenile prison
2788:Terrorism, drug offenses, crimes against humanity
2620:Pardon by president, amnesty by act of parliament
1343:Yes but only if clemency is rejected by president
1300:Life imprisonment in Australia § Commonwealth
5524:
4316:"Abdul Nasir bin Amer Hamsah v Public Prosecutor"
4133:
2605:No; replaced by 25 years' imprisonment at age 60
1639:: Yes, but only if juvenile is sentenced as adult
6233:
5897:Deborah McAleese; Emily Moulton (28 June 2008).
5012:
4937:
4935:
3516:"Penalties for Drunk Driving Vehicular Homicide"
3029:10 years or 15 years; individually set by judge
1064:In 2012, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of
5966:International perspectives on life imprisonment
4714:Jura falconis, jg 44, 2007–2008, nr 1, pp. 3–38
4491:, Senate Community Affairs References Committee
3563:
3260:Under 18: Detention for an indeterminate period
1183:Abdul Nasir bin Amer Hamsah v Public Prosecutor
1083:In 2016 the Supreme Court ruled in the case of
1046:was a significant case in juvenile justice. In
4914:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
2649:Yes, for offenders of unsound mind; see also:
2411:from the monarch can rescind a life sentence.
1335:15 years (Imprisonment for a definite period)
5988:
4932:
4667:"Уголовный кодекс Азербайджанской Республики"
4584:Sentencing Act 1991 (Victoria) Section 18A(1)
4458:. Disabled People's Organisations Australia.
4190:Liptak, Adam; Bronner, Ethan (25 June 2012).
4189:
3979:"Bulgaria – Criminal codes – Legislationline"
3754:"US States Fail to Protect Children's Rights"
1210:
509:for the rest of their natural life (or until
471:
5924:"Neutral Citation No.[2008] NICA 27"
5261:
5132:
5455:"6 Nigerian Soldiers Bag Life Imprisonment"
5055:"Estonian Penal Code (English translation)"
4850:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2 May 2013.
4753:"Criminal code of the Republic of Bulgaria"
3740:"Juvenile Life Without Parole: An Overview"
3317:in 1998 (became applicable in three cases:
2292:25 years (30 in exceptional circumstances)
1190:
740: Life imprisonment is a legal penalty.
5995:
5981:
5819:"Indeterminate extended and life sentence"
5302:
4777:
4613:"section 18 of the Austrian criminal code"
1217:
1203:
632:Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas
478:
464:
4690:extract from the Belgian Official Journal
4412:
3596:"Snapshot: Australia's longest sentences"
3202:Amnesty by royal decree (by means of the
2726:recidivism of certain aggravated offenses
1306:Federal, NSW, QLD, WA, SA, Tas, NT: Yes;
1246:Other crimes with possible life sentence
735:Life imprisonment laws around the world:
716:University of San Francisco School of Law
5530:
4346:"Oriental Hotel murder | Infopedia"
4310:
4308:
4306:
2731:espionage, assaulting a public official
1237:Maximum length of sentence (under life)
1030:
730:
5231:Report. Determination of life sentences
4233:. Catholic News Service. Archived from
3876:
3817:
3815:
3199:cannot be given to offenders under 21.
1975:By president, Helsinki Court of Appeal
990:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
6234:
5719:from the original on 29 December 2015.
4462:from the original on 26 February 2019.
4413:Abu Baker, Jalelah (16 January 2015).
4108:
3846:
3844:
3716:. Human Rights Watch. 2 October 2009.
3115:: No, automatic reduction if mandatory
2191:Aggravated murder, terrorism, treason
1123:International Association of Penal Law
1006:Life imprisonment in the United States
829:Life imprisonment in England and Wales
6002:
5976:
5878:from the original on 10 February 2018
5709:"Svensk författningssamling 1974:152"
5687:"Svensk författningssamling 1962:700"
5366:from the original on 21 February 2009
5242:
4920:from the original on 10 November 2017
4890:from the original on 10 February 2018
4655:from the original on 5 February 2015.
4601:from the original on 16 January 2019.
4303:
4229:Rocca, Francis X. (23 October 2014).
4228:
4121:from the original on 15 December 2013
4045:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group
3337:(in accordance with the principle of
1413:Crimes against the state, war crimes
5553:from the original on 31 January 2013
5547:"Criminal Code of Romania, art. 109"
5512:from the original on 31 January 2013
5262:O'Mahony, Conor (4 September 2018).
4944:"Prisoner Rehabilitation in Croatia"
4864:from the original on 9 February 2018
3917:
3812:
3367:Varies by state; 99 years in Alaska
2651:The President's Pleasure (Singapore)
1781:30 or more years if part of sentence
891:possible by clemency granted by the
5843:from the original on 6 October 2017
5506:"Criminal Code of Romania, art. 55"
5457:. ConnectAfrica. 19 November 2008.
5292:from the original on 14 April 2014.
3841:
1057:Graham's case was presented to the
752: Life imprisonment is illegal.
13:
5697:from the original on 23 June 2015.
5311:from the original on 14 April 2014
5047:
4790:from the original on 28 March 2014
4759:from the original on 25 March 2012
4619:from the original on 22 March 2012
4444:Crimes Act (Cth) section 19AG 3(a)
4425:from the original on 21 March 2018
3270:) alone or with act of Parliament
3206:) alone or with act of Parliament
3173:Imprisonment for public protection
1633:: maximum 10 years of imprisonment
1283:Immigration detention in Australia
1180:The appeal of Abdul Nasir, titled
1059:Supreme Court of the United States
1012:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
6273:
5959:
5535:. Universul Juridic. p. 198.
5461:from the original on 18 July 2011
5402:"Mexico alters extradition rules"
5340:from the original on 11 June 2016
5145:BVerfG, 22 May 1995, 2 BvR 671/95
5131:sec. 57a(1) German Criminal Code
4990:from the original on 25 July 2011
4741:(in Portuguese). 23 January 2020.
4597:. Attorney-General's Department.
4501:Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) section 19B
3896:
3647:
3576:from the original on 10 June 2017
3062:By Federal Assembly (Parliament)
2331:for murder involving kidnapping)
1398:Yes, but only for men aged 18–65
1117:called for the abolition of both
5938:
5916:
5890:
5864:
5855:
5829:
5811:
5789:
5780:
5759:
5750:
5741:
5732:
5723:
5701:
5679:
5664:
5655:
5646:
5637:
5628:
5619:
5610:
5163:sec. 211(1) German Criminal Code
4778:Justice BC (11 September 2013).
4210:from the original on 27 May 2017
4109:Savage, David G. (17 May 2010).
3720:from the original on 8 June 2011
3397:
3350:
3279:
3224:
3215:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3071:
3015:
2944:
2818:
2761:
2701:
2629:
2584:
2527:
2477:
2420:
2361:
2316:
2274:
2209:
2167:
2108:
2066:
1984:
1922:
1875:
1818:
1760:
1698:
1657:
1598:
1535:
1493:
1431:
1386:
1321:
1261:
999:
951:This section is an excerpt from
936:
391:
5601:
5592:
5583:
5565:
5539:
5498:
5473:
5447:
5421:
5378:
5352:
5323:
5296:
5274:
5255:
5236:
5224:
5206:
5196:
5187:
5178:
5166:
5157:
5148:
5139:
5125:
5099:
5073:
5002:
4976:
4902:
4876:
4838:
4820:
4802:
4771:
4745:
4727:
4717:
4695:
4680:
4659:
4631:
4605:
4587:
4578:
4566:
4555:
4515:
4505:
4494:
4482:
4479:, Tasmania Law Reform Institute
4466:
4448:
4437:
4406:
4381:
4356:
4338:
4285:
4267:
4249:
4222:
4183:
4157:
4102:
4069:
4051:
4033:
4019:
3993:
3971:
3945:
3890:
3870:
3794:
3772:
3746:
3732:
3706:
3158:15 years or longer (maximum of
1252:Pardon, amnesty, other release
1228:Jurisdiction (link to details)
1109:
50:Criminal trials and convictions
5769:art. 25 Juvenile Criminal Code
4146:Drinan, C. H. (2012, March). "
3686:
3664:
3641:
3613:
3588:
3557:
3532:
3508:
3482:
3430:No life imprisonment sentence
3427:No life imprisonment sentence
3424:No life imprisonment sentence
3421:No life imprisonment sentence
3412:Varies, depending on sentence
3164:Secretary of State for Justice
2994:: max 14 years of imprisonment
2617:: max. 20 years' imprisonment
2334:Varies, depending on sentence
2307:No life imprisonment sentence
2304:No life imprisonment sentence
2301:No life imprisonment sentence
2298:No life imprisonment sentence
2289:Varies, depending on sentence
2242:international humanitarian law
2099:No life imprisonment sentence
2096:No life imprisonment sentence
2093:No life imprisonment sentence
2090:No life imprisonment sentence
2081:Varies, depending on sentence
1803:: max. 10 years' imprisonment
1751:No life imprisonment sentence
1724:No life imprisonment sentence
1721:No life imprisonment sentence
1712:Varies, depending on sentence
1529:Yes, but only in times of war
1526:No life imprisonment sentence
1520:No life imprisonment sentence
1517:No life imprisonment sentence
1508:Varies, depending on sentence
1419:: max. 10 years' imprisonment
1152:Life imprisonment in Singapore
986:(2022 SCC 23), as contrary to
920:European Court of Human Rights
340:Sexually violent predator laws
21:Life Sentence (disambiguation)
1:
5625:§ 433(2) Slovak Criminal Code
5616:§ 419(2) Slovak Criminal Code
5607:§ 418(3) Slovak Criminal Code
5589:§ 144(3) Slovak Criminal Code
5360:"Código Penal – Art. 1 a 100"
3933:(in Spanish). 21 January 2020
3466:Capital punishment by country
3257:Under 12: Cannot be convicted
3251:Any other common law offence
3179:for an indeterminite period.
2746:: max. 15 years' imprisonment
2044:: maximum of 15 years or life
1478:: max. 30 years' imprisonment
1472:: max. 14 years' imprisonment
1371:: max. 20 years' imprisonment
1365:: max. 15 years' imprisonment
1359:: max. 10 years' imprisonment
1020:Cruel and unusual punishments
763:
726:
628:Portuguese-speaking countries
5823:Prisoners' Families Helpline
5756:art. 266 Swiss Criminal Code
5747:art. 264 Swiss Criminal Code
5738:art. 185 Swiss Criminal Code
5729:art. 112 Swiss Criminal Code
5643:§ 47(2) Slovak Criminal Code
5303:Ari Yashar (28 March 2014).
5154:sec. 38 German Criminal Code
3886:. verbojuridico. p. 12.
3877:Ramalho, Énio (2016). "II".
3629:. Singapore. 3 November 2022
3056:: max. 4 years' imprisonment
2907:Carried out by member(s) of
2343:Murder involving kidnapping
1175:Court of Appeal of Singapore
1145:
1089:that the rulings imposed by
702:, penitentiary specialists,
671:2012 Aurora theater shooting
233:Cruel and unusual punishment
7:
5109:. Oikeus.fi. Archived from
4389:"The Best I Could S1 – EP6"
3439:
1739:: Only educational measures
1689:By courts and by president
1162:Abdul Nasir bin Amer Hamsah
1132:
960:Life imprisonment in Canada
953:Life imprisonment in Canada
10:
6278:
5652:§ 117 Slovak Criminal Code
4784:Youth Criminal Justice Act
4692:advocaat.be 17 March 2013.
3331:royal prerogative of mercy
3315:referendum-based agreement
3313:General release through a
3295:Individually set by judge
3268:royal prerogative of mercy
3239:Individually set by judge
3204:royal prerogative of mercy
3102:
3094:
2018:
1664:People's Republic of China
1647:royal prerogative of mercy
1297:
1290:
1149:
1003:
950:
708:human rights organizations
435: English/Welsh courts
32:
25:
18:
6048:
6010:
5025:"Straffeloven § 33, § 41"
4780:"Maximum Youth Sentences"
3391:Yes (depending on state)
3339:parliamentary sovereignty
3177:at His Majesty's pleasure
2861:, his/her spouse, or the
2146:age 10–11: rape or murder
1140:Federal Court of Malaysia
945:
780:
669:, the perpetrator of the
661:, the perpetrator of the
5282:"Article 549 Penal Code"
3905:(in European Portuguese)
3476:
3335:act of the UK Parliament
2894:Of a person suffering a
1249:Under age of 18 (or 21)
1191:Overview by jurisdiction
706:, but most of all among
89:Presumption of innocence
33:Not to be confused with
6029:Indefinite imprisonment
5839:. Scottish Government.
5412:3 December 2005 at the
5390:US Embassy in Mexico.
4755:. Legislationline.org.
4710:3 February 2012 at the
3983:www.legislationline.org
3672:"Laws of Other Nations"
3456:Indefinite imprisonment
3361:Yes (except in Alaska)
2924:, if resulting in death
2922:Crimes against humanity
2268:No (abolished in 1998)
2253:: No criminal penalties
1957:: No criminal penalties
1754:No (abolished in 1991)
1651:No (abolished in 1976)
1380:No (abolished in 1968)
1086:Montgomery v. Louisiana
978:Supreme Court of Canada
916:King of the Netherlands
714:States. According to a
251:Indefinite imprisonment
35:Indefinite imprisonment
5675:Official State Gazette
5577:Singapore Legal Advice
5218:Citizensinformation.ie
5133:
5081:"Finnish criminal law"
4986:. Business.center.cz.
4886:. Dui Hua Foundation.
3806:life-imprisonment.html
3117:
2806:
2749:
2691:President of Singapore
2686:
2572:
2402:: no life imprisonment
2259:: No life imprisonment
2238:president of Lithuania
1733:: cannot be prosecuted
1645:Yes, but only through
1571:: cannot be prosecuted
1466:: cannot be prosecuted
1040:
791:Bosnia and Herzegovina
760:
678:circumstances such as
310:Miscarriage of justice
5713:Riksdagsförvaltningen
5691:Riksdagsförvaltningen
5531:Mitrache, C. (2010).
5286:english.al-akhbar.com
4984:"Czech Criminal Code"
4687:(in French and Dutch)
4350:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
4152:Washington Law Review
3784:sentencingproject.org
3528:on 23 September 2013.
3461:List of prison deaths
3110:
2836:, 25 to 35 years for
2791:
2734:
2666:
2557:
2512:No criminal penalties
2491:No life imprisonment
1034:
734:
696:Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
335:Sex offender registry
55:Rights of the accused
6034:Mandatory sentencing
5214:"Types of sentences"
4833:Criminal Records Act
4828:Criminal Records Act
3699:27 June 2015 at the
2575:Pardon by president
2462:no life imprisonment
1913:Pardon by president
1098:Jones v. Mississippi
888:President of Austria
802:Constitutional Court
688:humanitarian grounds
663:Port Arthur massacre
421:English/Welsh courts
349:Related areas of law
6257:Crime-related lists
5952:. 28 November 2017.
5774:14 May 2010 at the
5394:15 May 2007 at the
5061:on 4 September 2015
5033:Ministry of Justice
4299:. 14 November 2023.
4281:. 14 November 2023.
3802:"Life imprisonment"
3790:on 18 October 2013.
3760:. 13 September 2022
3182:Murder and treason
2891:Of a minor under 16
2832:18 to 22 years for
1243:Mandatory sentence
1224:
910:Before 2016 in the
330:Restorative justice
16:Criminal punishment
6039:Suspended sentence
6024:Custodial sentence
6019:Capital punishment
5934:on 22 August 2011.
5825:. 8 February 2011.
5799:. 11 December 2020
5579:. 1 February 2021.
5433:www.rechtspraak.nl
5243:Gallagher, Conor.
5087:. 10 December 2018
4237:on 24 October 2014
4196:The New York Times
4001:"Krivični zakonik"
3989:on 7 October 2017.
3953:"Krivični zakonik"
3758:Human Rights Watch
3660:on 9 January 2016.
2904:Together with rape
2863:heir to the Throne
2672:: no imprisonment
2056:minister-president
2038:: maximum 10 years
1778:20 years generally
1583:: maximum 12 years
1550:20 years or never
1231:Life imprisonment
1195:
1119:capital punishment
1041:
1022:", in the case of
988:section 12 of the
964:Corrections Canada
893:President of Malta
761:
720:Human Rights Watch
605:aircraft hijacking
550:illegal drug trade
534:resulting in death
220:Capital punishment
212:Dangerous offender
99:Self-incrimination
44:Criminal procedure
6242:Life imprisonment
6229:
6228:
6004:Life imprisonment
5903:Belfast Telegraph
5533:Drept penal român
5029:Danish Penal Code
4615:. Ris.bka.gv.at.
4419:The Straits Times
4279:The Straits Times
4261:The Straits Times
4115:Los Angeles Times
4096:www.justice.gc.ca
3495:www.justice.gc.ca
3437:
3436:
3197:Whole life orders
3151:England and Wales
3050:: no imprisonment
2900:medical condition
2797:: no imprisonment
2740:: no imprisonment
2660:culpable homicide
2563:: no imprisonment
2396:: no imprisonment
2052:federal president
1854:: no imprisonment
1577:: maximum 3 years
1303:State laws vary.
1092:Miller v. Alabama
1067:Miller v. Alabama
1044:Graham v. Florida
1025:Graham v. Florida
821:England and Wales
810:three-strikes law
558:human trafficking
491:Life imprisonment
488:
487:
363:Criminal defenses
305:Habitual offender
256:Three-strikes law
246:Life imprisonment
225:Execution warrant
94:Exclusionary rule
6269:
6247:Sentencing (law)
5997:
5990:
5983:
5974:
5973:
5954:
5953:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5930:. Archived from
5920:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5894:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5833:
5827:
5826:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5778:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5730:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5683:
5677:
5668:
5662:
5659:
5653:
5650:
5644:
5641:
5635:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5617:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5599:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5425:
5419:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5210:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5185:
5182:
5176:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5155:
5152:
5146:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5057:. Archived from
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5021:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4948:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4842:
4836:
4824:
4818:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4731:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4643:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4519:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4452:
4446:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4326:on 26 April 2012
4322:. Archived from
4312:
4301:
4300:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4161:
4155:
4150:on the Ground".
4144:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3985:. Archived from
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3858:. 6 October 2021
3848:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3819:
3810:
3809:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3786:. Archived from
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3710:
3704:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3682:on 27 June 2015.
3678:. Archived from
3668:
3662:
3661:
3656:. Archived from
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3544:nationmaster.com
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3486:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3378:Varies by state
3364:Varies by state
3355:
3354:
3288:Northern Ireland
3285:United Kingdom:
3284:
3283:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3221:United Kingdom:
3220:
3219:
3160:whole life order
3149:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3135:United Kingdom:
3134:
3133:
3076:
3075:
3020:
3019:
2949:
2948:
2823:
2822:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2706:
2705:
2689:Clemency by the
2634:
2633:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2532:
2531:
2482:
2481:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2366:
2365:
2321:
2320:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2132:Murder, treason
2114:
2112:
2111:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2032:: no prosecution
1989:
1988:
1927:
1926:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1823:
1822:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1703:
1702:
1662:
1661:
1603:
1602:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1436:
1435:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1326:
1325:
1266:
1265:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1194:
1077:Eighth Amendment
1016:Eighth Amendment
757:
751:
745:
739:
566:financial crimes
480:
473:
466:
452:
444:
436:
431:
423:
415:
396:
395:
295:Criminal justice
149:Directed verdict
40:
39:
6277:
6276:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6044:
6043:
6006:
6001:
5962:
5957:
5944:
5943:
5939:
5928:courtsni.gov.uk
5922:
5921:
5917:
5907:
5905:
5895:
5891:
5881:
5879:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5846:
5844:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5802:
5800:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5785:
5781:
5776:Wayback Machine
5765:
5764:
5760:
5755:
5751:
5746:
5742:
5737:
5733:
5728:
5724:
5707:
5706:
5702:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5669:
5665:
5660:
5656:
5651:
5647:
5642:
5638:
5633:
5629:
5624:
5620:
5615:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5584:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5556:
5554:
5549:(in Romanian).
5545:
5544:
5540:
5529:
5525:
5515:
5513:
5508:(in Romanian).
5504:
5503:
5499:
5489:
5487:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5464:
5462:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5438:
5436:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5414:Wayback Machine
5396:Wayback Machine
5383:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5343:
5341:
5334:e-seimas.lrs.lt
5329:
5328:
5324:
5314:
5312:
5301:
5297:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5260:
5256:
5249:The Irish Times
5241:
5237:
5229:
5225:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5197:
5192:
5188:
5183:
5179:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5158:
5153:
5149:
5144:
5140:
5134:Strafgesetzbuch
5130:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5113:on 25 June 2009
5105:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5088:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5064:
5062:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5023:
5022:
5013:
5007:
5003:
4993:
4991:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4967:
4965:
4946:
4940:
4933:
4923:
4921:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4893:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4867:
4865:
4858:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4825:
4821:
4807:
4803:
4793:
4791:
4776:
4772:
4762:
4760:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4739:Jornal Nacional
4733:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4718:
4712:Wayback Machine
4701:
4700:
4696:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4652:
4646:penalreform.org
4641:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4571:
4567:
4560:
4556:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4495:
4487:
4483:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4411:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4372:
4370:
4364:"True Files S3"
4362:
4361:
4357:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4314:
4313:
4304:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4263:. 3 April 2023.
4255:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4172:
4171:on 30 June 2013
4163:
4162:
4158:
4145:
4134:
4124:
4122:
4107:
4103:
4088:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
4005:www.paragraf.rs
3999:
3998:
3994:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3957:www.paragraf.rs
3951:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3906:
3895:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3829:. 26 March 2015
3821:
3820:
3813:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3721:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3701:Wayback Machine
3691:
3687:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3525:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3442:
3398:
3396:
3374:Varies by state
3349:
3286:
3278:
3263:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3214:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3107:
3099:
3070:
3059:
3014:
3003:
2943:
2913:Multiple murder
2909:organized crime
2817:
2762:
2760:
2700:
2628:
2585:
2583:
2526:
2515:
2476:
2465:
2456:no imprisonment
2421:
2419:
2360:
2315:
2275:
2273:
2262:
2210:
2208:
2168:
2166:
2152:
2109:
2107:
2067:
2065:
2047:
2023:
1983:
1972:
1921:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1817:
1784:
1761:
1759:
1748:
1697:
1656:
1642:
1597:
1586:
1536:
1534:
1494:
1492:
1481:
1430:
1387:
1385:
1374:
1336:
1320:
1302:
1295:
1260:
1223:
1197:
1193:
1154:
1148:
1135:
1112:
1037:Burton Phillips
1008:
1002:
997:
996:
983:R v Bissonnette
956:
948:
939:
783:
766:
759:
755:
753:
749:
747:
743:
741:
737:
729:
573:property damage
484:
455:
447:
442:Canadian courts
439:
434:
429:Scottish courts
426:
418:
410:
402:
390:
377:
358:Civil procedure
344:
265:Post-sentencing
260:
229:
203:
153:
118:
104:Double jeopardy
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6275:
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5960:External links
5958:
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5011:
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4957:(2): 143–162.
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4648:. p. 50.
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2019:Main article:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
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1768:Czech Republic
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1347:
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1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:Vic, ACT: No
1304:
1298:Main article:
1291:Main article:
1288:
1285:
1281:Yes See also:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1255:Death penalty
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
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1167:Oriental Hotel
1150:Main article:
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1111:
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1004:Main article:
1001:
998:
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949:
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931:rehabilitation
851:activities or
825:United Kingdom
795:prison reforms
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736:
728:
725:
704:criminologists
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398:Law portal
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325:Rehabilitation
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6274:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
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6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6223:
6222:United States
6220:
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6208:
6205:
6203:
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6017:
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5998:
5993:
5991:
5986:
5984:
5979:
5978:
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5963:
5951:
5950:El Observador
5947:
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5893:
5877:
5873:
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5798:
5792:
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5753:
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5726:
5718:
5714:
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5704:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5676:
5672:
5671:Criminal Code
5667:
5658:
5649:
5640:
5631:
5622:
5613:
5604:
5595:
5586:
5578:
5574:
5568:
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5527:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5460:
5456:
5450:
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5415:
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5407:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5365:
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5339:
5335:
5332:
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5306:
5299:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5269:
5265:
5258:
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5246:
5239:
5232:
5227:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5199:
5190:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5005:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4936:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4823:
4816:
4815:Criminal Code
4812:
4811:
4810:Criminal Code
4805:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4720:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4698:
4691:
4683:
4668:
4662:
4651:
4647:
4640:
4634:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4600:
4596:
4590:
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4563:
4558:
4548:
4544:
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4540:
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4526:
4522:
4521:
4518:
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4497:
4490:
4485:
4478:
4469:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4440:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4298:
4294:
4288:
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4276:
4270:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4078:
4072:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4028:
4022:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3882:
3881:
3873:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3741:
3735:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3524:
3517:
3511:
3496:
3492:
3485:
3481:
3472:
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3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3432:
3429:
3426:
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3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:United States
3353:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3304:Murder, rape
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3190:armed robbery
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:By president
3119:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2928:
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2920:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2869:head of state
2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:Assassination
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:By president
2808:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:By president
2751:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2681:death penalty
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:By president
2264:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:By president
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:Guinea-Bissau
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1738:
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1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
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1701:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:By president
1588:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:By president
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:By president
1376:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1334:
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1324:
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1318:
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1309:
1305:
1301:
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1286:
1284:
1280:
1277:
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1264:
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1227:
1226:
1220:
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1206:
1201:
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1186:
1184:
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1168:
1163:
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1124:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1093:
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1087:
1081:
1078:
1073:
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1068:
1062:
1060:
1055:
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1049:
1045:
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1033:
1029:
1027:
1026:
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1017:
1013:
1010:In 2011, the
1007:
1000:United States
994:
992:
991:
985:
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979:
975:
974:
973:Criminal Code
967:
965:
961:
954:
943:
937:South America
934:
932:
928:
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917:
913:
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885:
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876:
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854:
850:
846:
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834:
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776:
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758: Unknown
733:
724:
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717:
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709:
705:
701:
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693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:Martin Bryant
657:, Australia,
656:
651:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:United States
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
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535:
532:
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520:
516:
512:
508:
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492:
481:
476:
474:
469:
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458:
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430:
425:
422:
419: Not in
417:
414:
409:
408:
406:
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394:
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388:
386:
385:
381:
380:
374:
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369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
353:
352:
348:
347:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
269:
268:
264:
263:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
234:
231:
230:
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223:
221:
218:
217:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
200:
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195:
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187:
185:
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6187:South Africa
6003:
5970:
5949:
5940:
5932:the original
5927:
5918:
5906:. Retrieved
5902:
5892:
5880:. Retrieved
5866:
5857:
5845:. Retrieved
5831:
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5541:
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5500:
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5449:
5437:. Retrieved
5432:
5429:"Levenslang"
5423:
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5380:
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5354:
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5333:
5325:
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5298:
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5111:the original
5101:
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5075:
5063:. Retrieved
5059:the original
5049:
5037:. Retrieved
5004:
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4978:
4966:. Retrieved
4954:
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4878:
4866:. Retrieved
4846:
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4808:
4804:
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4324:the original
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4235:the original
4224:
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4169:the original
4159:
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4114:
4104:
4095:
4085:
4071:
4062:
4059:"Levenslang"
4053:
4044:
4035:
4021:
4009:. Retrieved
4007:(in Serbian)
4004:
3995:
3987:the original
3982:
3973:
3961:. Retrieved
3959:(in Serbian)
3956:
3947:
3935:. Retrieved
3928:
3919:
3907:. Retrieved
3902:
3892:
3879:
3872:
3860:. Retrieved
3831:. Retrieved
3805:
3796:
3788:the original
3783:
3774:
3762:. Retrieved
3748:
3734:
3722:. Retrieved
3708:
3688:
3680:the original
3675:
3666:
3658:the original
3654:mecon.gov.ar
3653:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3624:
3615:
3603:. Retrieved
3599:
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3569:
3559:
3547:. Retrieved
3543:
3534:
3523:the original
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3494:
3484:
3382:
3112:
3111:
3053:
3047:
2997:
2991:
2988:: no penalty
2985:
2888:Murder, if:
2800:
2794:
2743:
2737:
2676:
2669:
2667:
2614:
2566:
2560:
2509:
2459:
2453:
2409:royal decree
2399:
2393:
2282:Macau, China
2256:
2250:
2149:age 12+: yes
2041:
2035:
2029:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1897:
1857:
1851:
1800:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1636:
1630:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1416:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1307:
1182:
1179:
1172:
1155:
1136:
1127:Vatican City
1115:Pope Francis
1113:
1110:Vatican City
1103:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1065:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1048:Jacksonville
1043:
1042:
1023:
1009:
989:
981:
971:
968:
958:
940:
924:
909:
877:
823:(within the
814:
799:
784:
767:
712:
691:
675:Nikolas Cruz
667:James Holmes
649:
646:
643:Commonwealth
640:
613:
499:imprisonment
490:
489:
368:Criminal law
290:Life licence
245:
241:Imprisonment
74:Speedy trial
6202:Switzerland
6152:New Zealand
6147:Netherlands
5766:(in French)
5557:14 December
5516:14 December
5370:17 February
5091:26 December
4835:at CanLii)
4817:at CanLii)
4241:19 February
4065:(in Dutch).
4011:3 September
3963:3 September
3937:29 December
3833:29 December
3022:Switzerland
2368:Netherlands
1198:This box:
1072:Elena Kagan
1035:Mugshot of
1018:'s ban on "
912:Netherlands
833:Netherlands
531:child abuse
300:Exoneration
28:Life tenure
6236:Categories
5485:lovdata.no
5435:(in Dutch)
5172:sec. 6(1)
4968:1 December
4924:9 February
4857:9004234454
4702:(in Dutch)
4429:11 January
4330:31 January
4297:Malay Mail
3909:13 January
3903:Observador
3764:11 October
3633:3 November
3446:10-20-Life
2964:prisoner).
2896:disability
2867:A foreign
2138:common law
1394:Azerbaijan
764:By country
727:World view
585:kidnapping
581:hate crime
570:aggravated
320:Recidivism
194:Guidelines
159:Sentencing
144:Not proven
134:Conviction
79:Jury trial
64:Fair trial
6177:Singapore
6057:Australia
4963:1580-0253
4894:2 January
4868:2 January
4204:0362-4331
3862:9 October
3676:usfca.edu
3500:26 August
3415:45 years
3085:25 years
2843:30 years
2776:25 years
2715:25 years
2643:20 years
2636:Singapore
2599:20 years
2544:30 years
2510:Under 15:
2329:Chihuahua
2224:25 years
2217:Lithuania
2182:10 years
2157:president
2123:12 years
1890:30 years
1832:12 years
1808:president
1787:30 years
1715:40 years
1511:40 years
1401:25 years
1346:Genocide
1296:Federal:
1268:Australia
1158:Singapore
1146:Singapore
1104:mandatory
853:terrorism
804:in 2021.
636:Chihuahua
560:, severe
542:espionage
527:terrorism
450:UK courts
413:US courts
279:Probation
189:Discharge
179:Custodial
174:Suspended
169:Mandatory
139:Acquittal
69:Pre-trial
6262:Duration
6252:Penology
6182:Slovakia
6015:See also
5908:17 April
5876:Archived
5841:Archived
5772:Archived
5717:Archived
5695:Archived
5551:Archived
5510:Archived
5465:3 August
5459:Archived
5439:2 August
5410:Archived
5406:BBC News
5392:Archived
5364:Archived
5338:Archived
5315:17 April
5309:Archived
5290:Archived
5233:ihrec.ie
5117:3 August
4994:30 March
4988:Archived
4918:Archived
4888:Archived
4862:Archived
4794:17 April
4788:Archived
4763:30 March
4757:Archived
4708:Archived
4672:26 March
4650:Archived
4623:30 March
4617:Archived
4599:Archived
4573:eManuals
4460:Archived
4423:Archived
4373:21 April
4208:Archived
4175:17 April
4125:17 April
4119:Archived
3724:3 August
3718:Archived
3703:", 2008.
3697:Archived
3600:SBS News
3574:Archived
3440:See also
3307:Robbery
3232:Scotland
3113:under 18
3048:under 15
2986:under 15
2880:Genocide
2873:diplomat
2834:furlough
2795:under 16
2769:Slovenia
2738:under 14
2708:Slovakia
2670:under 14
2615:under 18
2561:under 15
2454:under 7:
2394:under 12
2251:Under 14
2030:Under 14
1955:Under 15
1898:de facto
1852:under 15
1731:under 14
1683:Various
1569:under 14
1543:Bulgaria
1464:under 12
1357:under 16
1133:Malaysia
841:Bulgaria
775:Portugal
692:de facto
655:Tasmania
624:Portugal
609:genocide
589:burglary
554:epidemic
511:pardoned
495:sentence
373:Evidence
207:Totality
184:Periodic
6122:Ireland
6117:Iceland
6112:Hungary
6102:Germany
6092:Finland
6087:Denmark
6082:Croatia
6067:Belgium
6062:Austria
6052:Albania
5882:10 July
5847:10 July
5203:itself.
4398:12 July
4393:meWATCH
4320:Webcite
3930:El País
3648:Mecon.
3405:Uruguay
3383:de jure
3329:). The
2934:Cabinet
2859:monarch
2785:Murder
2592:Romania
2428:Nigeria
2175:Lebanon
2116:Ireland
1991:Germany
1945:Murder
1929:Finland
1883:Estonia
1825:Denmark
1705:Croatia
1457:Murder
1438:Belgium
1350:people
1328:Austria
1185:SGCA 38
927:Albania
905:Ukraine
901:Moldova
857:Ukraine
837:Moldova
831:), the
787:Croatia
700:lawyers
684:amnesty
593:robbery
546:treason
523:torture
515:paroled
493:is any
382:Portals
124:Verdict
84:Counsel
6212:Turkey
6207:Taiwan
6197:Sweden
6172:Serbia
6167:Russia
6162:Poland
6157:Norway
6142:Mexico
6127:Israel
6107:Greece
6097:France
6072:Canada
5490:4 July
5344:21 May
5085:Finlex
5065:6 July
5039:17 May
4961:
4854:
4368:Toggle
4214:12 May
4202:
4148:Graham
3605:3 June
3580:12 May
3549:3 July
3402:
3333:or an
3229:
3078:Taiwan
2951:Sweden
2838:parole
2766:
2589:
2534:Poland
2484:Norway
2435:Never
2425:
2375:Never
2323:Mexico
2279:
2214:
2172:
2113:
2071:
1880:
1765:
1605:Canada
1540:
1501:Brazil
1498:
1391:
946:Canada
897:France
880:Sweden
873:Serbia
871:, and
869:Russia
865:Turkey
861:Poland
827:; see
817:Europe
806:Serbia
781:Europe
756:
750:
744:
738:
680:pardon
620:Canada
607:, and
601:piracy
519:murder
507:prison
501:for a
448:
440:
427:
411:
315:Pardon
286:
284:Tariff
274:Parole
114:Appeal
6192:Spain
6137:Japan
6132:Italy
6077:China
5803:7 May
5027:[
5009:then.
4947:(PDF)
4653:(PDF)
4642:(PDF)
4535:(WA))
3884:(PDF)
3626:Today
3526:(PDF)
3519:(PDF)
3477:Notes
3381:Yes (
3298:None
3169:None
3088:None
3054:15–17
3038:None
3032:None
2998:18–20
2992:15–17
2975:None
2969:None
2825:Spain
2801:16–17
2779:None
2744:14–17
2718:None
2677:14–17
2646:None
2602:None
2567:15-18
2550:None
2460:7-18:
2438:None
2400:12–18
2384:None
2378:None
2346:None
2257:14–17
2233:None
2227:None
2194:Rape
2185:None
2126:None
2042:18–21
2036:14–18
2009:None
1967:18–20
1961:15–17
1939:None
1903:None
1896:Yes (
1893:None
1858:15–17
1835:none
1801:15–18
1793:None
1743:16–17
1737:14-16
1631:12-13
1615:None
1581:16-18
1575:14-16
1559:None
1553:None
1476:16–17
1470:12–15
1454:None
1448:None
1417:14–17
1410:None
1369:18–20
1363:16–17
1340:None
1278:None
895:. In
884:Italy
849:mafia
845:Italy
771:Spain
650:facto
597:theft
577:arson
562:fraud
503:crime
199:Guilt
5910:2014
5884:2017
5849:2017
5805:2021
5559:2012
5518:2012
5492:2024
5467:2011
5441:2019
5372:2009
5346:2016
5317:2014
5119:2011
5093:2018
5067:2013
5041:2019
4996:2012
4970:2010
4959:ISSN
4926:2018
4896:2018
4870:2018
4852:ISBN
4796:2014
4765:2012
4674:2019
4625:2012
4546:drug
4431:2021
4400:2020
4375:2020
4332:2021
4243:2015
4216:2017
4200:ISSN
4177:2014
4127:2014
4013:2022
3965:2022
3939:2020
3911:2021
3864:2021
3835:2020
3827:RTVE
3766:2022
3726:2011
3635:2022
3607:2021
3582:2017
3551:2023
3502:2023
3370:Yes
3292:Yes
3245:Yes
3236:Yes
3186:Rape
3155:Yes
3123:Yes
3082:Yes
3026:Yes
2972:Yes
2955:Yes
2857:The
2854:of:
2829:Yes
2782:Yes
2773:Yes
2721:Yes
2695:Yes
2640:Yes
2596:Yes
2538:Yes
2471:Yes
2441:Yes
2432:Yes
2381:Yes
2372:Yes
2230:Yes
2221:Yes
2203:Yes
2197:Yes
2179:Yes
2120:Yes
1942:Yes
1933:Yes
1887:Yes
1838:Yes
1829:Yes
1772:Yes
1692:Yes
1686:Yes
1668:Yes
1618:Yes
1609:Yes
1556:Yes
1547:Yes
1442:Yes
1332:Yes
1272:Yes
1218:edit
1211:talk
1204:view
789:and
618:and
564:and
538:rape
109:Bail
5268:RTÉ
3856:EFE
3570:CNN
3433:No
3418:No
3409:No
3344:No
3327:iii
3310:??
3301:No
3273:No
3209:No
3091:No
3065:No
3035:No
3009:No
2938:No
2932:By
2929:No
2898:or
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2161:No
2155:By
2129:No
2102:No
2087:No
2084:??
2078:No
2054:or
2050:By
2012:No
1978:No
1916:No
1869:No
1841:No
1812:No
1806:By
1790:No
1718:No
1709:No
1680:No
1677:No
1637:14+
1592:No
1523:No
1514:No
1505:No
1487:No
1451:No
1425:No
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