4542:
crime punishable with life imprisonment; conspiracy to bring a false accusation where the offence is such that the person convicted would be liable to life imprisonment; owner etc permitting carnal knowledge of a child under 12 on premises; carnal knowledge of a child under 12, or a child under 16 by a guardian of that non-lineal descendant child; or a child under 16 with an impairment of the mind; carnal knowledge or attempted carnal knowledge of a non-lineal descendant with an impairment of the mind by a guardian; taking a child under 12 for immoral purpose and doing carnal knowledge; incest; maintaining a sexual relationship by an adult with a child under 16; attempted murder; accessory after the fact to murder; manslaughter; aiding suicide; killing unborn child; unlawful striking causing death; disabling or stupefying in order to commit an indictable offence; acts intended to cause grievous bodily harm and other malicious acts; obstructing rescue or escape from unsafe premises; endangering the safety of a person in a vehicle with intent; rape; aggravated sexual assault; aggravated robbery; aggravated attempted robbery; extortion where carrying out threat causes or would be likely to cause serious personal injury or substantial economic loss in a commercial activity; taking control of an aircraft using violence, threats of violence, in company or by fraudulent means; burglary by breaking and other circumstances of aggravation; breaking and committing an indictable offence; arson; endangering the safe use of vehicles and transport infrastructure; destroying or damaging premises by explosion; destroying sea walls and other property; communicating infectious diseases to animals; attempting to commit an indictable offence punishable by mandatory life imprisonment; being an accessory to the fact after an indictable offence punishable by mandatory life imprisonment (Criminal Code (QLD))
4523:
reasonable measure to prevent its commission; assisting enemy to engage in armed conflict; treachery; espionage; aggravated espionage offences; terrorism; planning or preparing for a terrorist act; financing terrorism; financing a terrorist; murder of an
Australian citizen or resident; entering a foreign country with the intention of engaging in a hostile activity; engaging in a hostile activity in a foreign country, or engaging in conduct preparatory to, including providing or participating in training, accumulating weapons or giving or receiving goods and services to commit a foreign incursion offence; allowing the use of a building, aircraft or vessel intending to commit, support or promote a foreign incursion offence; burglary of a property owned by a Commonwealth entity with the intent to commit an offence that causes harm to a person or damage to property; genocide offences; crimes against humanity (murder and extermination); war crimes; trafficking or manufacturing a commercial quantity of controlled drugs; cultivating or selling commercial quantities of controlled plants; importing or exporting commercial quantities of controlled drugs or plants; importing commercial quantities of a controlled drug or plant; possessing commercial quantities of a controlled drug or plant reasonably believed to have been imported; supplying marketable quantities of controlled drugs to children for trafficking; procuring children for trafficking marketable quantities of controlled drugs; procuring children for pre-trafficking marketable quantities of controlled precursors; procuring children for importing or exporting marketable quantities of a controlled drug or plant or for importing or exporting marketable quantities of border controlled precursors (Criminal Code Act (Cth))
4561:
railway, roadway, aircraft or ship; sexual intercourse without consent; causing a child under 12 to enter into or continue in sexual servitude; operating a business that involves the sexual servitude of a child under 12; aggravated robbery (armed, in company or causing harm to any person immediately before or after or during the robbery); discharging a firearm while armed in the course of assault with intent to steal; unlawfully taking control of an aircraft with violence or threats, in company or while armed; sabotage; arson; endangering operation of an aircraft; conspiracy to lay false charges where the person found guilty would have been liable to life imprisonment; terrorism; perjury in order to procure the conviction of an offence punishable by life imprisonment; forcibly rescuing certain offenders; aggravated sexual relationship with a child (Criminal Code Act (NT)). Supply of a commercial quantity of a dangerous drug (Schedule 1 or 2) to a child; supply of a dangerous drug (Schedule 1) to a child; cultivation of a commercial quantity of a prohibited plant in the presence of a child; manufacture of a commercial quantity of a
Schedule 1 dangerous drug; manufacture of a commercial or trafficable quantity of a Schedule 1 drug in the presence of a child; procuring a child under 14 to commit an offence under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Misuse of Drugs Act (NT))
649:. Other countries that do not practice life sentences include Mongolia in Asia and Norway, Iceland, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Andorra and Montenegro in Europe. Where life imprisonment is a possible sentence, there may also exist formal mechanisms for requesting parole after a certain period of prison time. This means that a convict could be entitled to spend the rest of the sentence (until that individual dies) outside prison. Early release is usually conditional on past and future conduct, possibly with certain restrictions or obligations. In contrast, when a fixed term of imprisonment has ended, the convict is free. The length of time served and the conditions surrounding parole vary. Being eligible for parole does not necessarily ensure that parole will be granted. In some countries, including Sweden, parole does not exist but a life sentence may – after a successful application – be commuted to a fixed-term sentence, after which the offender is released as if the sentence served was that originally imposed.
4550:
residential buildings; manufacture of a commercial quantity of a controlled drug for sale; sell, supply, or administer a controlled drug to a child or possession of a controlled drug intending to sell, supply or administer to a child; sell, supply, or administer a controlled drug to a person in a school zone, or possession of a controlled drug in a school zone intending to sell, supply or administer the drug to another person; trafficking a commercial quantity of a controlled drug; cultivating a commercial quantity of a controlled plant for sale (includes cannabis); sale of a commercial quantity of a controlled plant or possession with intention to sell (includes cannabis - prescribed amount - 100 plants; but in aggravated circumstances, 20 plants)
1061:, Florida, Terrence J. Graham tried to rob a restaurant along with three adolescent accomplices. During the robbery, one of Graham's accomplices had a metal bar that he used to hit the restaurant manager twice in the head. Once arrested, Graham was charged with attempted armed robbery and armed burglary with assault/battery. The maximum sentence he faced for these charges was life without the possibility of parole, and the prosecutor wanted to charge him as an adult. During the trial, Graham pleaded guilty to the charges, resulting in three years of probation, one year of which had to be served in jail. Since he had been awaiting trial in jail, he already served six months and, therefore, was released after six additional months.
1149:
jail term between 30 and 40 years. At the time of the reform, at least 117 prisoners were serving natural life imprisonment, consisting of 70 whose original death sentences were commuted to life (without parole) prior to the reform, and another 47 whose sentences of life were imposed by the courts, and all of these life convicts were allowed to have their jail terms reduced to between 30 and 40 years in jail. In
November 2023, four drug traffickers - Zulkipli Arshad, Wan Yuriilhami Wan Yaacob, Ghazalee Kasim and Mohamad Junaidi Hussin - became the first group of people to have their natural life sentences reduced to 30 years’ imprisonment after a re-sentencing hearing by the
1670:
4627:
1065:
trial for the probation violations a year later. While Graham denied any involvement in the robbery, he did admit to fleeing from the police. The trial court found that Graham violated his probation by "committing a home invasion robbery, possessing a firearm, and associating with persons engaged in criminal activity", and sentenced him to 15 years for the attempted armed robbery plus life imprisonment for the armed burglary. The life sentence Graham received meant he had a life sentence without the possibility of parole, "because
Florida abolished their parole system in 2003".
3028:
1274:
4623:
3084:
1611:
1444:
1188:, which dismissed Abdul Nasir's appeal, to decide that it would be wrong to consider life imprisonment as a fixed jail term of 20 years and thus changed it to a jail term to be served for the rest of the prisoner's remaining lifespan. The amended definition is applied to future crimes committed after 20 August 1997. Since Abdul Nasir committed the crime of kidnapping and was sentenced before 20 August 1997, his life sentence remained as a prison term of 20 years and thus he still had to serve 38 years behind bars.
3292:
3228:
3142:
1773:
3363:
2374:
2079:
404:
2642:
743:
1399:
2714:
2222:
1935:
1711:
3237:
2774:
1831:
1548:
1334:
2433:
2121:
3410:
2597:
2490:
2329:
2180:
1888:
3157:
1997:
3150:
2287:
2957:
2540:
1506:
2831:
1072:, with the question of whether juveniles should receive life without the possibility of parole in non-homicide cases. The Justices eventually ruled that such a sentence violated the juvenile's 8th Amendment rights, protecting them from punishments that are disproportionate to the crime committed, resulting in the abolition of life sentences without the possibility of parole in non-homicide cases for juveniles.
929:, with the last granting of a pardon taking place in 1986 when a terminally ill convict was released. As of 1970, the Dutch monarch has pardoned a total of three convicts. Although there is no possibility of parole eligibility, since 2016 prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment in the Netherlands are eligible to have their cases reviewed after serving at least 25 years. This change in law was because the
918:, life imprisonment means for the rest of one's life with the only possibilities for release being a terminal illness or a presidential pardon. In Albania, while no person sentenced to life imprisonment is eligible for standard parole, a conditional release is still possible if the prisoner is found not likely to re-offend and has displayed good behaviour, and has served at least 25 years.
4735:
life imprisonment does not contain a saving similar to the death penalty clause, and thus life sentences are not allowed even in wartime. It is unclear, however, if the presidential power of mercy, that allows the president to pardon or commute a penal sentence, could be used to reduce a death penalty imposed in wartime, transforming it into a sentence of life imprisonment.
910:, while the law does not expressly provide for life imprisonment without any possibility of parole, a court can rule in exceptionally serious circumstances that convicts are ineligible for automatic parole consideration after 30 years if convicted of child murder involving rape or torture, premeditated murder of a state official or terrorism resulting in death. In
2990:
nuclear weapons, unlawful nuclear explosion, treason, genocide; in wartime only: mutiny, insubordination, undermining the will to fight, desertion, unauthorised capitulation, negligence of war preparations and negligence of battle duty; attempts, accessories, accomplices and incitements of all the above crimes might also be punished with life imprisonment.
3203:, kidnapping, false imprisonment, manslaughter, attempted murder, soliciting murder, threats to kill, wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm, malicious wounding, using chloroform etc., maliciously administering poison, abandoning children, other serious crimes and other common law offences where the maximum penalty is life imprisonment.
914:, there is never a possibility of parole for anyone sentenced to life imprisonment, as life imprisonment is defined as the "deprivation of liberty of the convict for the entire rest of his/her life". Where mercy is granted in relation to a person serving life imprisonment, imprisonment thereof must not be less than 30 years. In
897:, persons who refuse to cooperate with authorities and are sentenced for mafia activities or terrorism are ineligible for parole and thus will spend the rest of their lives in prison. In Austria, life imprisonment will mean imprisonment for the remainder of the offender's life unless clemency is granted by the
4734:
Brazil's constitution prohibits the death penalty with a saving allowing the death penalty in wartime, if the state of war is duly declared by
Congress (art. 5, item XLVII, subitem "a)"); the Constitution's next line (art. 5, item XLVII, subitem "b)"), prohibits life sentences. The clause prohibiting
4541:
QLD: Demands with menaces upon agencies of government; riot, if the offender causes grievous bodily harm to a person, causes an explosive substance to explode or destroys or starts to destroy a building, vehicle or machinery; piracy; perjury, in order to procure the conviction of another person for a
1148:
Originally in
Malaysia, life imprisonment was construed as a jail term lasting the remainder of a convict's natural life, either with or without the possibility of parole. In April 2023, the Malaysian government officially abolished natural life imprisonment and instead redefined a life sentence as a
4560:
NT: Manslaughter; assisting or encouraging a suicide; killing an unborn child; disabling or stupefying in order to commit an indictable offence; acts intended to cause serious harm or prevent lawful apprehension; preventing escape from wreck; intentionally endangering safety of persons travelling by
733:
estimated that there were 2,589 youth offenders serving life sentences without the possibility for parole in the U.S. Since the start of 2020, that number has fallen to 1,465. The United States has the highest population of prisoners serving life sentences for both adults and minors, at a rate of 50
1175:
on 20 August 1997 that led to the law in
Singapore to change the definition of life imprisonment into a sentence that lasts the remainder of the prisoner's natural life, with the possibility of parole after at least 20 years. Abdul Nasir was a convicted robber and kidnapper who was, in two separate
901:
or it can be assumed that the convicted person will not commit any further crimes; the probationary period is ten years. In Malta, prior to 2018, there was previously never any possibility of parole for any person sentenced to life imprisonment, and any form of release from a life sentence was only
2741:
Under certain, aggravated conditions (usually causing death): crimes against humanity, drug trafficking, human trafficking, child trafficking, false imprisonment, hostage taking, kidnapping, robbery, extortion, domestic violence, kidnapping, public endangerment, air/sea piracy, treason, sabotage,
952:
In South and
Central America, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Uruguay, Bolivia, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic have all abolished life imprisonment. The maximum sentence is 75 years in El Salvador, 60 years in Colombia, 50 years in Costa Rica and Panama, 40
724:
A few countries allow for a minor to be given a life sentence without parole; these include but are not limited to: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina (only over the age of 16), Australia, Belize, Brunei, Cuba, Dominica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, and the United
1064:
Within six months of his release, Graham was involved in another robbery. Since he violated the conditions of his probation, his probation officer reported to the trial court about his probation violations a few weeks before Graham turned 18 years old. It was a different judge presiding over his
1360:
Murder, high level drug dealing, Nazi activism, production or distribution of chemical warfare agents to be used in armed conflict; abduction, robbery, rape and statutory rape if the crime causes the victim's death, sea and air piracy and arson if the crime causes the death of a large number of
688:
was sentenced to 34 consecutive terms of life imprisonment (without parole) for murdering 17 people and injuring another 17 at a school. Any sentence without parole effectively means a sentence cannot be suspended; a life sentence without parole, therefore, means that in the absence of unlikely
4534:
NSW: Murder; aggravated sexual assault in company; sexual intercourse with a child under 10; persistent sexual abuse of a child (Crimes Act (NSW)). Drug offences involving commercial quantities or cultivation for a commercial purpose; offences involving manufacture or production in presence of
2989:
Murder, kidnapping, arson, sabotage, dangerous destruction of property, hijacking, espionage, terror crimes, rebellion, endangering the public health by spread of contagion or poison, disloyalty when negotiating with foreign powers, trading in anti-personnel mines, cluster bombs or chemical or
4872:
4522:
Offences including piracy; murder of a UN or associated person; explosives and lethal device offences; treason; assisting anyone known to have committed treason escape apprehension or punishment; knowing someone intends to commit a treason offence and not reporting it to the police or taking
2014:
Since 1977: Normally 15 years. In exceptionally serious cases the minimum to serve before the possbility of parole can be increased at the courts discretion with no fixed limit. Decisions of the constitutional court require that there is a realistic chance of release and that age and serious
1043:
4549:
SA: Manslaughter; aggravated causing death or causing serious harm by use of a vehicle or vessel; rape; unlawful sexual intercourse with a person under 14; property damage of building or motor vehicle by fire (arson) or explosives; aggravated robbery; aggravated serious criminal trespass of
1112:
that judges do not need to make a separate finding of the defendant to be "permanently incorrigible", the "Miller requirement", prior to handing them a sentence of life sentence without parole, but maintained that an individual evaluation to precede sentencing, hence maintaining the ban on
4545:
WA: Attempt to unlawfully kill; criminal damage by fire (Criminal Code (WA)). Possessing, with intent to sell or supply, a trafficable quantity (>28g) of methylamphetamine; conspiring with another to, or attempting to, commit a methylamphetamine trafficking offence (Misuse of Drugs Act
5019:
The court may decide that only the time in less-than-maximum security prison counts for the purposes of parole and that the convict must serve at least ten years in maximum security. A record of good behavior is needed for transfer to lower security in which 20 years must be served
1085:
that mandatory sentences of life in prison without parole for juvenile offenders are unconstitutional. The majority opinion stated that barring a judge from considering mitigating factors and other information, such as age, maturity, and family and home environment violated the
4556:
ACT: Murder; trafficking in a controlled drug; manufacturing a controlled drug for selling; cultivating a controlled plant for selling; selling a controlled plant; supplying controlled drug to child for selling; procuring a child to traffic a controlled
2146:
Manslaughter, rape, aggravated sexual assault, committing a sexual act on a child less than 15 years of age, assault causing serious harm, syringe attacks, aggravated kidnapping, aggravated robbery, aggravated burglary, certain drugs offences, and other
5213:
A person between the ages of 18 and 21 can be tried before a juvenile court (which happens in almost all cases concerning minors) or an adult court, which is determined by the intellectual development of the accused and the severity of the crime
2974:
After 2006: The offender can apply for conversion to a fixed term sentence after 10 years. The fixed term shall be at least 18 years and under normal parole regulations two thirds are served before release (minimum 12 years served for a life
3173:), but individually set by judge. A whole life order means life without parole (e.g. natural life in prison until death). However, there is, at least in theory, a possibility of release of prisoners serving such sentences, as the
1807:
Some cases of murder, public endangerment, treason, terrorism, genocide, crimes against humanity, use of forbidden combat device or forbidden combat tactics, war crimes, persecution of population, misuse of international symbols
4842:, R.S. 1995, c. 22, s. 6(1), as amended by R.S., 1985, c. 1 (4th Supp.), s. 45(F) and R.S.C., 1992, c. 22, s. 4; and R.S.C., 2000, c. 1, s. 1(F) and R.S.C., 2010, c. 5, s. 2 and R.S.C, 2012, c. 1, s. 115. (
2673:
not amounting to murder (manslaughter), kidnapping by ransom, criminal breach of trust by a public servant, voluntarily causing grievous hurt with dangerous weapons, and trafficking of firearms and more than 30 other offences
779:
In several countries, life imprisonment has been effectively abolished. Many of the countries whose governments have abolished both life imprisonment and indefinite imprisonment have been culturally influenced or colonized by
5065:
1171:, before 20 August 1997, the law decreed that life imprisonment is a fixed sentence of 20 years with the possibility of one-third reduction of the sentence (13 years and 4 months) for good behaviour. It was an appeal by
5348:
1917:
Some cases of murder, some cases of handling drugs, crimes against humanity, genocide, acts of war against civilians, terrorism, violence against the independence of
Estonia, causing an explosion using nuclear energy
2564:
Treason, assassination of Polish president, war of aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity, unlawful use of weapon of mass destruction, war crimes, murder, homicide and serious bodily harm resulting in death
4303:
1180:
in 1994 and a consecutive sentence of life imprisonment with 12 strokes of the cane for kidnapping two police officers for ransom in 1996, which totalled up to 38 years' imprisonment and 30 strokes of the cane.
4856:
1090:
ban on cruel and unusual punishment. Sentences of life in prison without parole can still be given to juveniles for aggravated first-degree murder, as long as the judge considers the circumstances of the case.
663:
life imprisonment, meaning that the sentence would last longer than the human life expectancy. For example, courts in South Africa have handed out at least two sentences that have exceeded a century, while in
4088:"Presidência da República - Secretaria-Geral - Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos - CÓDIGO PENAL - "Art. 75. O tempo de cumprimento das penas privativas de liberdade não pode ser superior a 40 (quarenta) anos"
3501:
4660:
1855:
Treason, espionage during wartime, use of force against the parliament, terrorism, arson under circumstances that are life-threatening, hijacking of vehicles, willful release of nuclear substances, murder
980:
A person serving a life sentence must serve for a certain length of time before becoming eligible for parole. First degree murder and high treason carry the longest period of parole ineligibility in the
4609:
4433:
2398:
Murder, aggravated manslaughter, various crimes against the Dutch state, attacks on the monarch, crimes with a terrorist motive, and leading a terrorist organization in especially serious circumstances
5727:
925:, there was never a possibility of parole for any person sentenced to life imprisonment, and any form of release for life convicted in the country was only possible when granted royal decree by the
1025:
ruled that sentencing minors to life without parole, automatically (as the result of a statute) or as the result of a judicial decision, for crimes other than intentional homicide, violated the
5956:
940:, the decision of whether or not a life-convicted person is eligible for parole is up to the prison complex after 25 years have been served, and release eligibility depends on the prospect of
1117:
life sentences for minors. Life sentences with minimum terms, which permit later evaluation of a convict's character and rehabilitation, remain constitutional, including for minor offenders.
3728:
936:
Even in other European countries that do provide for life without parole, courts continue to retain judicial discretion to decide whether a sentence of life should include parole or not. In
4037:
721:
oppose that punishment. In particular, they emphasize that when faced with a prisoner with no hope of being released ever, the prison has no means to discipline such convict effectively.
5705:
893:, although the law does not expressly provide for life without the possibility of release, some convicted persons may never be released, on the grounds that they are too dangerous. In
1685:
13 for a single murder if it is the perpetrator's first offence. 15–20 for a single murder that is the perpetrator's second offence if he/she serves the sentence with good behaviour
625:
Common law murder is one of the only crimes in which life imprisonment is mandatory; mandatory life sentences for murder are given in several countries, including some states of the
5069:
5934:
5255:
5341:
2255:, terrorism resulting in death, piracy (hijacking of a civilian aircraft or civilian vessel) that results in death or otherwise has grave consequences to the safety of others
1635:
Various crimes including attempted murder, aircraft hijacking, armed robbery, kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault, conspiracy to murder and most offenses resulting in death
1623:
25 years for first-degree murder or high treason; 10 years minimum for second-degree murder. 7–25 years for any other offence where the maximum penalty is life imprisonment.
4326:
5807:
4745:
4218:
3550:
1004:, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. Parole eligibility for second degree murder typically varies between 10 and 25 years, and is set by the sentencing judge.
3481:
944:
and how likely they are to re-offend. In Europe, only Ukraine and Moldova explicitly exclude parole or any form of sentence commutation for life sentences in all cases.
973:
is a criminal sentence for certain offences that lasts for the offender’s life. Parole is possible, but even if paroled, the offender remains under the supervision of
633:. Life imprisonment (as a maximum term) can also be imposed, in certain countries, for traffic offences causing death. Life imprisonment is not used in all countries;
5469:
2247:
Genocide, prohibited mistreatment of persons under international law, war crimes, crimes against humanity, prohibited military attack, attempted assassination of the
3833:
1006:
A life sentence is the most severe punishment for any crime in Canada. Criminal laws are enacted by the Parliament of Canada and apply uniformly across the country.
998:
5851:
4898:
4649:
5909:
3384:
3660:
4605:
4425:
2348:
24 years (74 years if convicted of murder involving kidnapping); in the state of Chihuahua, murder involving kidnapping provides for a mandatory life sentence
1674:
1198:, was since regarded as a landmark in Singapore's legal history as it changed the definition of life imprisonment from "life" to "natural life" under the law.
5872:
This is subject to sentencing guidelines applicable to each offence and to limits on the sentences which can be applied in courts dealing with minor offences.
1106:
were to apply retroactively, causing a substantial amount of appeals to decade-old sentences for then-juvenile offenders. In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in
4824:, R.S. 1985, c. C-46, s. 748, as amended by R.S., 1985, c. 1 (4th Supp.), s. 45(F) and R.S.C., 1992, c. 22, s. 12; and R.S.C., 1995, c. 22, s. 6. (
5719:
4129:
3107:
1227:
488:
4928:
1176:
High Court trials, sentenced to 18 years' imprisonment and 18 strokes of the cane for robbery with hurt resulting in a female Japanese tourist's death at
684:, received 12 consecutive life sentences plus 3,318 years without the possibility of parole. In the case of mass murder in the US, Parkland mass murderer
4069:
3862:
3707:
5672:§ 89 Criminal Code of Slovenia (Kazenski zakonik, KZ), temporarily pursuant as per § 375 of (the new) Criminal Code of Slovenia (Kazenski zakonik; KZ-1)
4998:
4700:
2622:
Treason and other grave crimes against the state, extremely grave murder, capitulation, desertion on the battlefield, crimes against peace or humanity
1087:
1026:
819:
previously had a maximum prison sentence of 40 years; life imprisonment was instated in 2019 by amendments to the country's criminal code, alongside a
3790:
3115:
3989:
3724:
1456:
15 years (no previous conviction or below 3 years), 19 years (previous conviction below 5 years), or 23 years (previous conviction 5 years or more)
3526:
2418:
After 25 years served, the Advisory College for the Lifelong Incarcerated reviews whether a return into society is advisable, but only a pardon by
953:
years in Honduras and Brazil, 30 years in Nicaragua, Bolivia, Uruguay, Venezuela and the Dominican Republic, and 25 years in Paraguay and Ecuador.
5319:
2251:, attempted assassination of a governmental official or foreign official, murder with aggravated circumstances, murder of persons protected under
4499:
3349:
2031:
3207:
709:. Since the behaviour of a prisoner serving a life sentence without parole is not relevant to the execution of such sentence, many people among
528:, or commuted to a fixed term). Crimes that result in life imprisonment are extremely serious and usually violent. Examples of these crimes are
5561:
5520:
4767:
4267:
3186:– abolished in 2012 but offenders already serving that sentence remain in prison. Persons under 18 years of age may be sentenced to detention
5697:
4798:
3011:: max 14 years of imprisonment (until 1 January 2022, onwards the same rules as for other offenders are applied in cases of serious offences)
17:
6132:
5224:
4285:
2071:
No (abolished in West Germany by the Constitution since 23 May 1949; abolished by law in West Germany in 1953 and in East Germany in 1987)
987:, at 25 years. A statutory amendment to allow periods of parole ineligibility greater than 25 years was held to be unconstitutional by the
3584:
2026:
Aggravated murder, genocide resulting in death, crimes against humanity resulting in death, war crimes against persons resulting in death
6005:
5402:
4843:
2505:
Maximum sentence 21 years (30 years if convicted of aggravated terrorism) with possibility to renew the sentence in exceptional cases.
1298:
Yes; for murder in Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory; for murder of police officer in New South Wales
5942:
5374:
5274:
1303:
726:
4718:
705:
life terms are used, a release on humanitarian grounds (also known as compassionate release) is commonplace, such as in the case of
5420:
5035:
1220:
481:
4334:
6227:
4202:
2661:
4470:
4241:
4175:
4121:
2666:
Yes; for certain offences, including possession of firearms at time of arrest for any offence, hijacking of aircraft and piracy
830:, there are many jurisdictions where the law expressly provides for life sentences without the possibility of parole. These are
6232:
3367:
1133:
1016:
839:
300:
294:
5886:
4102:
3631:
1573:
Aggravated murder, aggravated kidnapping, aggravated robbery, treason, espionage, war crimes, genocide, desertion in wartime
5976:
3909:
1310:
6157:
3682:
2378:
5465:
4483:
4304:"In landmark review, apex court commutes death penalty and natural-life imprisonment of 11 convicted for drug trafficking"
2015:
illnesses of the convicted must be taken into account, when a minimum time to serve in exceptionally serious cases is set.
5847:
5609:
Only in cases of repeat offenders, convicted of the same or as part of an organized group or during a state of emergency.
1213:
474:
5782:
3551:"Crime > Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole: Countries Compared"
4894:
3345:
3277:
Compassionate release by cabinet secretary for justice (Scottish government); amnesty by royal decree (by means of the
3183:
1293:
1069:
1022:
718:
3177:
has the power to release on licence any life sentence prisoner on compassionate grounds in exceptional circumstances.
6197:
5300:
4825:
3668:
1959:
High treason, espionage, genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, homicidal terrorist act, crime against peace
788:
and have written such prohibitions into their current constitutional laws (including Portugal itself but not Spain).
4650:"The abolition of the death penalty and its alternative sanction in South Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia"
701:(e.g. imminent death), the prisoner will spend the rest of their natural life in prison. In several countries where
6212:
6162:
3032:
673:
5583:
5998:
2691:
1818:
804:
each set the maximum prison sentence at 45 years, and Portugal abolished all forms of life imprisonment with the
5342:"VIII-1250 Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymas dėl Europos žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvenc..."
4511:
3889:
6187:
6067:
4920:
4866:
4087:
3836:[Congress approves permanent revisable prison with support only from the People's Party] (in Spanish).
3750:
3704:
3174:
2690:: applied for certain offences, but mandatory for murder, drug trafficking and other offences that attract the
2646:
2252:
1278:
1162:
974:
930:
350:
31:
3764:
6192:
5645:
Only if the crime results in the injuries or deaths of multiple persons or if the perpetrator is a mercenary.
5043:
4994:
3997:
3791:"The Sentencing Project News – New Publication: Life Goes On: The Historic Rise in Life Sentences in America"
3476:
3329:
2718:
812:
638:
5685:
5241:
5117:
4572:
4356:
2011:
Before 1977: never (except with presidential pardon). Ruled unconstitutional by Federal Constitutional Court
1682:
13 years of the original sentence having been actually served. Never in extremely serious corruption cases.
6267:
6127:
6122:
6112:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6077:
6072:
6062:
5808:"Whole Life Orders: Attorney General's Reference (R. v McCann); Attorney General's Reference (R. v Sinaga)"
3935:
3798:
3187:
2944:
2001:
1939:
1835:
1715:
1448:
1338:
1185:
1177:
1030:
681:
677:
460:
243:
5829:
6222:
6217:
6207:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6152:
6137:
6117:
6107:
6082:
4454:
3636:
3088:
2961:
2544:
2494:
2333:
1615:
970:
963:
431:
423:
4954:
3533:
6252:
6202:
6147:
6142:
6087:
5991:
5315:
3341:
3278:
3214:
2835:
1657:
373:
6257:
3606:
3461:
3259:
Murder with additional circumstances, two or more murders, attempted murder, two or more counts rape
1150:
941:
335:
5557:
5516:
4763:
3052:
Aggravated murder, aggravated hostage-taking, genocide, endangering the independence of the country
3337:
99:
5184:
4790:
4535:
children or procuring children to supply prohibited drugs (Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act (NSW)).
4484:"A Comparative Review of National Legislation for the Indefinite Detention of 'Dangerous Criminals
4399:
6039:
4179:
3466:
2932:
1096:
988:
926:
653:
261:
45:
2723:
Yes; only if necessary to protect society and given the convict is unlikely to be rehabilitated
5398:
4820:
3576:
2701:
2669:
Murder (if no intent to cause death), drug trafficking (if acted as couriers or mentally ill),
2248:
2066:
983:
801:
320:
5883:"Criminal Proceedings in Scotland 2014–15: Annex D: Definitions, Classifications and Notation"
4583:
4426:"Murderer fails to escape the gallows: 6 other cases involving the revised death penalty laws"
5091:
4011:
3963:
3471:
1192:
1172:
1058:
706:
698:
345:
204:
74:
4374:
3834:"El Congreso aprueba la prisión permanente revisable con el único apoyo del Partido Popular"
6044:
5370:
4838:
4245:
4052:"Ukraine found in violation of the prohibition of torture over treatment of life prisoners"
2167:
2062:
1108:
933:
stated in 2013 that lifelong imprisonment without the chance of being released is inhuman.
898:
811:
Life imprisonment in Spain was abolished in 1928, but reinstated in 2015 and upheld by the
676:
in 1996, received 35 life sentences plus 1,035 years without parole. In the United States,
199:
179:
8:
4715:
2126:
340:
5681:
5412:
5256:"Children charged with serious crimes face different criminal justice process to adults"
6049:
6034:
6029:
4586:
judicialcollege.vic.edu.au 'Young persons' may not be sentenced to indefinite sentences
4500:"Indefinite detention of people with cognitive and psychiatric impairment in Australia"
3768:
2873:
1129:
903:
730:
615:
560:
439:
230:
222:
217:
194:
189:
184:
109:
54:
3206:
No, but offenders under 18 can be sentenced to detention for an indeterminate period.
1756:: Imprisonment of up to 10 years only in serious cases, otherwise educational measures
6272:
6262:
5039:
4969:
4862:
4466:
4210:
3705:
The Rest of Their Lives: Life without Parole for Child Offenders in the United States
3325:
3161:
2736:
2670:
2339:
1102:
1077:
1035:
831:
820:
796:
A number of European countries have abolished all forms of indefinite imprisonment.
646:
580:
568:
315:
266:
235:
104:
5882:
5848:"Life Sentence Prisoners in Scotland: Chapter One: Historical Use of Life Sentences"
4677:
4467:"Indefinite detention of persons with disability within the criminal justice system"
3725:"State Distribution of Youth Offenders Serving Juvenile Life Without Parole (JLWOP)"
3108:
Life imprisonment in Taiwan § Crimes with life imprisonment as minimum sentence
3298:
3170:
2869:
642:
452:
305:
159:
94:
5492:"The Penal Code - Chapter 18. Terrorist acts and terrorism-related acts - Lovdata"
5439:
5786:
5424:
5406:
5204:
sec. 8(1) German Criminal Code on crimes against international law and war crimes
5195:
sec. 7(1) German Criminal Code on crimes against international law and war crimes
4722:
3865:[Constitutional court upholds permanent reviewable prison] (in Spanish).
3711:
3253:
Between 17 and 30 years for a single murder without any additional circumstances
2919:
2844:
1047:
993:
858:(only for persons who refuse to cooperate with authorities and are sentenced for
583:
576:
368:
114:
5491:
3690:
3333:
3291:
3227:
3141:
3017:
By the district court of Örebro (parole hearing) or by the government (pardon)
1778:
835:
656:, courts have been given the authority to pass prison terms that may amount to
505:
383:
169:
4038:"RIS - Strafgesetzbuch § 46 - Bundesrecht konsolidiert, tagesaktuelle Fassung"
3116:
Life imprisonment in Taiwan § Other crimes allowing for life imprisonment
1877:
After 12 years entitled to request to minister of justice; granted by monarch
6246:
5779:
4973:
4214:
3362:
3200:
2879:
2862:
2552:
Any minimum term from 30 to 50 years or never; individually set by the judge
2084:
1348:
or never (Imprisonment for lifetime, when clemency is rejected by president)
1323:
Federal: By governor general NSW, Vic, QLD, WA, SA, Tas, ACT, NT: by statute
1081:
in a 5–4 decision and with the majority opinion written by Associate Justice
805:
669:
626:
4538:
Vic: Murder; trafficking in a drug of dependence (large commercial quantity)
2589:
No (abolished during peacetime in 1998 and under all circumstances in 2014)
1974:: max. 12 years' imprisonment for a single offence, 15 for multiple offences
4953:
Kovčo Vukadin, Irma; Žakman-Ban, Vladimira; Jandrić-Nišević, Anita (2010).
2419:
1153:, which was followed by many more such commutations in the months to come.
1137:
1125:
685:
637:
was the first country to abolish life imprisonment, in 1884, and all other
544:
509:
378:
251:
84:
5292:
1286:
Federal: For terrorism and treason offences: 22.5 years. State laws vary.
1184:
Abdul Nasir's appeal for the two sentences to run concurrently led to the
757: Life imprisonment is a legal penalty, but with certain restrictions.
4858:
Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law in the People's Republic of China
4176:"Court bars mandatory life without parole for youths, rejects cross case"
3027:
2373:
2032:
Life imprisonment in Germany § Crimes allowing for life imprisonment
1082:
977:
for their lifetime, and can be returned to prison for parole violations.
922:
843:
729:
study, only the U.S. had minors serving such sentences in 2008. In 2009,
714:
541:
310:
209:
38:
5185:
German Criminal Code on crimes against international law and war crimes
4895:"Is Life Without Parole a Signal of China's Will to Reduce Executions?"
4242:"Pope Francis calls for abolishing death penalty and life imprisonment"
3456:
2906:
2148:
1404:
595:
591:
408:
330:
154:
144:
89:
4952:
4746:"Pacote anticrime entra em vigor com mudanças no cumprimento de penas"
4165:, 87(1), 51–91. Criminal Justice Abstracts. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
3940:
3577:"Cleveland kidnapper Ariel Castro sentenced to life, plus 1,000 years"
4122:"Supreme Court Restricts Life Sentences Without Parole for Juveniles"
2641:
2580:: max. 30 years' imprisonment, but only if juvenile is tried as adult
2227:
1273:
1168:
863:
742:
552:
537:
289:
149:
79:
5983:
5957:"Pese a que la Justicia ha aplicado penas de 45 años, no se cumplen"
4268:"Malaysia scraps mandatory death penalty, natural-life prison terms"
403:
3242:
2890:
2883:
2779:
2713:
1921:
Maximum length 10 years. Under 14 cannot be criminally prosecuted.
1553:
851:
808:
of Sampaio e Melo in 1884 and has a maximum sentence of 25 years.
785:
734:
people per 100,000 (1 out of 2,000) residents imprisoned for life.
665:
634:
619:
599:
564:
4051:
3661:"InfoLEG – Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas – Argentina"
1042:
5121:
4286:"Malaysia commutes death penalty, life terms of 11 drug convicts"
4094:
3812:
3415:
3149:
2910:
2602:
2438:
2185:
1996:
1934:
1893:
1830:
1710:
1443:
1415:
15 years for a single murder (up to 20 years for several crimes)
1333:
1251:
Indefinite sentence (excl. preventive or psychiatric detainment)
937:
915:
911:
867:
847:
797:
694:
645:
except for Cuba, Peru, Argentina, Chile and the Mexican state of
603:
556:
533:
134:
4553:
Tas: Murder; treason; accessory after the fact guilty of treason
3399:
By president or governor of a state (depending on jurisdiction)
5095:
3083:
2956:
2848:
2539:
2489:
2328:
1871:: 16 years under normal circumstances, 20 years if gang-related
1610:
1511:
1132:
and life imprisonment in a meeting with representatives of the
907:
890:
883:
879:
875:
871:
827:
816:
710:
690:
630:
611:
529:
525:
521:
517:
325:
284:
124:
5042:§ 33, § 41] (in Danish). Retsinformation (Civilstyrelsen,
4716:
Jeugdsanctierecht in Europa: is uithandengeving een evidentie?
3532:(PDF). Mothers Against Drunk Driving. May 2012. Archived from
2851:, depending on the number of crimes and the crimes themselves
1495:
Parole by Conditional Release Commission or pardon by monarch
1140:
penal code in 2013, is just a variation of the death penalty.
37:"Life term" redirects here. For lifelong terms of office, see
5907:
5797:
art. 173 al. 1 let. k Constitution of the Swiss Confederation
4103:"How sentences are imposed - Canadian Victims Bill of Rights"
3938:[A statute installed in 1822 and abolished in 1928].
3502:"How sentences are imposed - Canadian Victims Bill of Rights"
3156:
2929:
Attempt of genocide if resulting in death, rape or mutilation
2830:
2292:
1947:
12 years for court release; any time for presidential pardon
1669:
894:
859:
855:
781:
607:
587:
572:
513:
5584:"How Long Is Life Imprisonment in Singapore? And Other FAQs"
5395:
For details of new rulings from Mexican Supreme Court, see:
4101:
Government of Canada, Department of Justice (23 July 2015).
3500:
Government of Canada, Department of Justice (23 July 2015).
2532:
No (Fully abolished in 1979, constitutional ban since 2014)
4921:"Section 2 The President of the People's Republic of China"
3837:
3482:
List of people sentenced to more than one life imprisonment
3196:
2619:
Genocide during wartime, inhumane treatment during wartime
2006:
Yes (for adults between 18 and 21 only if tried as adults)
1304:
Life imprisonment in Australia § State and territories
548:
119:
5399:"Wanted Fugitive Raul Gomez Garcia Extradited to the U.S."
4203:"Court Bars Mandatory Life Terms for Juveniles in Murders"
3910:"25 anos de prisão. A história da pena máxima em Portugal"
1980:: Life with reduced minimum of 10 years for parole request
1245:
Minimum to serve before eligibility for requesting parole
1136:. He also stated that life imprisonment, removed from the
5910:"Fury over ruling that could see Attracta's killer freed"
3866:
3863:"El Constitucional avala la prisión permanente revisable"
3632:"Florida school mass shooter sentenced to life in prison"
3891:
THE PORTUGUESE PENAL CODE, GENERAL PART (ARTICLES 1–130)
3352:) can be used to grant amnesty like the rest of the UK.
2151:
offences where the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
1632:
High treason, first-degree murder, second-degree murder
652:
In many countries around the world, particularly in the
4962:
Varstvoslovje, Journal of Criminal Justice and Security
1050:, sentenced to life imprisonment for bank robbery, 1935
641:
also have maximum imprisonment lengths, as well as all
2971:
Before 2006: Never (unless pardoned by the government)
5373:(in Portuguese). Imprensa Oficial. 14 November 1995.
5316:"Lebanese Revolution? Death Sentence For Wife Beater"
5275:"Just what can the President of Ireland actually do?"
4178:. Catholic News Service. 25 June 2012. Archived from
2694:(imposition of death not allowed for minors below 18)
4606:"Royal Prerogative of Mercy and statutory referrals"
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4100:
3575:
McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Brown, Pamela (August 2013).
3499:
2735:
Aggravated murder, genocide, terrorism, war crimes,
2499:
Life imprisonment only under military criminal code
30:"Life sentence" redirects here. For other uses, see
5118:"Oikeuslaitos – Imprisonment and community service"
5030:
5028:
5026:
3936:"Una figura instaurada en 1822 y eliminada en 1928"
516:under which the convicted criminal is to remain in
4573:Crimes (Sentencing) Act 2005 (ACT) section 133G(4)
2814:: max. 10 years of imprisonment in juvenile prison
2799:Terrorism, drug offenses, crimes against humanity
2631:Pardon by president, amnesty by act of parliament
1354:Yes but only if clemency is rejected by president
1311:Life imprisonment in Australia § Commonwealth
5535:
4327:"Abdul Nasir bin Amer Hamsah v Public Prosecutor"
4144:
2616:No; replaced by 25 years' imprisonment at age 60
1650:: Yes, but only if juvenile is sentenced as adult
6244:
5908:Deborah McAleese; Emily Moulton (28 June 2008).
5023:
4948:
4946:
3527:"Penalties for Drunk Driving Vehicular Homicide"
3040:10 years or 15 years; individually set by judge
1075:In 2012, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of
5977:International perspectives on life imprisonment
4725:Jura falconis, jg 44, 2007–2008, nr 1, pp. 3–38
4502:, Senate Community Affairs References Committee
3574:
3271:Under 18: Detention for an indeterminate period
1194:Abdul Nasir bin Amer Hamsah v Public Prosecutor
1094:In 2016 the Supreme Court ruled in the case of
1057:was a significant case in juvenile justice. In
4925:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
2660:Yes, for offenders of unsound mind; see also:
2422:from the monarch can rescind a life sentence.
1346:15 years (Imprisonment for a definite period)
5999:
4943:
4678:"Уголовный кодекс Азербайджанской Республики"
4595:Sentencing Act 1991 (Victoria) Section 18A(1)
4469:. Disabled People's Organisations Australia.
4201:Liptak, Adam; Bronner, Ethan (25 June 2012).
4200:
3990:"Bulgaria – Criminal codes – Legislationline"
3765:"US States Fail to Protect Children's Rights"
1221:
520:for the rest of their natural life (or until
482:
5935:"Neutral Citation No.[2008] NICA 27"
5272:
5143:
5466:"6 Nigerian Soldiers Bag Life Imprisonment"
5066:"Estonian Penal Code (English translation)"
4861:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2 May 2013.
4764:"Criminal code of the Republic of Bulgaria"
3751:"Juvenile Life Without Parole: An Overview"
3328:in 1998 (became applicable in three cases:
2303:25 years (30 in exceptional circumstances)
1201:
751: Life imprisonment is a legal penalty.
6006:
5992:
5830:"Indeterminate extended and life sentence"
5313:
4788:
4624:"section 18 of the Austrian criminal code"
1228:
1214:
643:Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas
489:
475:
4701:extract from the Belgian Official Journal
4423:
3607:"Snapshot: Australia's longest sentences"
3213:Amnesty by royal decree (by means of the
2737:recidivism of certain aggravated offenses
1317:Federal, NSW, QLD, WA, SA, Tas, NT: Yes;
1257:Other crimes with possible life sentence
746:Life imprisonment laws around the world:
727:University of San Francisco School of Law
5541:
4357:"Oriental Hotel murder | Infopedia"
4321:
4319:
4317:
2742:espionage, assaulting a public official
1248:Maximum length of sentence (under life)
1041:
741:
5242:Report. Determination of life sentences
4244:. Catholic News Service. Archived from
3887:
3828:
3826:
3210:cannot be given to offenders under 21.
1986:By president, Helsinki Court of Appeal
1001:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
14:
6245:
5730:from the original on 29 December 2015.
4473:from the original on 26 February 2019.
4424:Abu Baker, Jalelah (16 January 2015).
4119:
3857:
3855:
3727:. Human Rights Watch. 2 October 2009.
3126:: No, automatic reduction if mandatory
2202:Aggravated murder, terrorism, treason
1134:International Association of Penal Law
1017:Life imprisonment in the United States
840:Life imprisonment in England and Wales
6013:
5987:
5889:from the original on 10 February 2018
5720:"Svensk författningssamling 1974:152"
5698:"Svensk författningssamling 1962:700"
5377:from the original on 21 February 2009
5253:
4931:from the original on 10 November 2017
4901:from the original on 10 February 2018
4666:from the original on 5 February 2015.
4612:from the original on 16 January 2019.
4314:
4240:Rocca, Francis X. (23 October 2014).
4239:
4132:from the original on 15 December 2013
4056:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group
3348:(in accordance with the principle of
1424:Crimes against the state, war crimes
5564:from the original on 31 January 2013
5558:"Criminal Code of Romania, art. 109"
5523:from the original on 31 January 2013
5273:O'Mahony, Conor (4 September 2018).
4955:"Prisoner Rehabilitation in Croatia"
4875:from the original on 9 February 2018
3928:
3823:
3378:Varies by state; 99 years in Alaska
2662:The President's Pleasure (Singapore)
1792:30 or more years if part of sentence
902:possible by clemency granted by the
5854:from the original on 6 October 2017
5517:"Criminal Code of Romania, art. 55"
5468:. ConnectAfrica. 19 November 2008.
5303:from the original on 14 April 2014.
3852:
1068:Graham's case was presented to the
763: Life imprisonment is illegal.
24:
5708:from the original on 23 June 2015.
5322:from the original on 14 April 2014
5058:
4801:from the original on 28 March 2014
4770:from the original on 25 March 2012
4630:from the original on 22 March 2012
4455:Crimes Act (Cth) section 19AG 3(a)
4436:from the original on 21 March 2018
3281:) alone or with act of Parliament
3217:) alone or with act of Parliament
3184:Imprisonment for public protection
1644:: maximum 10 years of imprisonment
1294:Immigration detention in Australia
1191:The appeal of Abdul Nasir, titled
1070:Supreme Court of the United States
1023:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
6284:
5970:
5546:. Universul Juridic. p. 198.
5472:from the original on 18 July 2011
5413:"Mexico alters extradition rules"
5351:from the original on 11 June 2016
5156:BVerfG, 22 May 1995, 2 BvR 671/95
5142:sec. 57a(1) German Criminal Code
5001:from the original on 25 July 2011
4752:(in Portuguese). 23 January 2020.
4608:. Attorney-General's Department.
4512:Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) section 19B
3907:
3658:
3587:from the original on 10 June 2017
3073:By Federal Assembly (Parliament)
2342:for murder involving kidnapping)
1409:Yes, but only for men aged 18–65
1128:called for the abolition of both
5949:
5927:
5901:
5875:
5866:
5840:
5822:
5800:
5791:
5770:
5761:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5712:
5690:
5675:
5666:
5657:
5648:
5639:
5630:
5621:
5174:sec. 211(1) German Criminal Code
4789:Justice BC (11 September 2013).
4221:from the original on 27 May 2017
4120:Savage, David G. (17 May 2010).
3731:from the original on 8 June 2011
3408:
3361:
3290:
3235:
3226:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3082:
3026:
2955:
2829:
2772:
2712:
2640:
2595:
2538:
2488:
2431:
2372:
2327:
2285:
2220:
2178:
2119:
2077:
1995:
1933:
1886:
1829:
1771:
1709:
1668:
1609:
1546:
1504:
1442:
1397:
1332:
1272:
1010:
962:This section is an excerpt from
947:
402:
5612:
5603:
5594:
5576:
5550:
5509:
5484:
5458:
5432:
5389:
5363:
5334:
5307:
5285:
5266:
5247:
5235:
5217:
5207:
5198:
5189:
5177:
5168:
5159:
5150:
5136:
5110:
5084:
5013:
4987:
4913:
4887:
4849:
4831:
4813:
4782:
4756:
4738:
4728:
4706:
4691:
4670:
4642:
4616:
4598:
4589:
4577:
4566:
4526:
4516:
4505:
4493:
4490:, Tasmania Law Reform Institute
4477:
4459:
4448:
4417:
4392:
4367:
4349:
4296:
4278:
4260:
4233:
4194:
4168:
4113:
4080:
4062:
4044:
4030:
4004:
3982:
3956:
3901:
3881:
3805:
3783:
3757:
3743:
3717:
3169:15 years or longer (maximum of
1263:Pardon, amnesty, other release
1239:Jurisdiction (link to details)
1120:
61:Criminal trials and convictions
5780:art. 25 Juvenile Criminal Code
4157:Drinan, C. H. (2012, March). "
3697:
3675:
3652:
3624:
3599:
3568:
3543:
3519:
3493:
3441:No life imprisonment sentence
3438:No life imprisonment sentence
3435:No life imprisonment sentence
3432:No life imprisonment sentence
3423:Varies, depending on sentence
3175:Secretary of State for Justice
3005:: max 14 years of imprisonment
2628:: max. 20 years' imprisonment
2345:Varies, depending on sentence
2318:No life imprisonment sentence
2315:No life imprisonment sentence
2312:No life imprisonment sentence
2309:No life imprisonment sentence
2300:Varies, depending on sentence
2253:international humanitarian law
2110:No life imprisonment sentence
2107:No life imprisonment sentence
2104:No life imprisonment sentence
2101:No life imprisonment sentence
2092:Varies, depending on sentence
1814:: max. 10 years' imprisonment
1762:No life imprisonment sentence
1735:No life imprisonment sentence
1732:No life imprisonment sentence
1723:Varies, depending on sentence
1540:Yes, but only in times of war
1537:No life imprisonment sentence
1531:No life imprisonment sentence
1528:No life imprisonment sentence
1519:Varies, depending on sentence
1430:: max. 10 years' imprisonment
1163:Life imprisonment in Singapore
997:(2022 SCC 23), as contrary to
931:European Court of Human Rights
351:Sexually violent predator laws
32:Life Sentence (disambiguation)
13:
1:
5636:§ 433(2) Slovak Criminal Code
5627:§ 419(2) Slovak Criminal Code
5618:§ 418(3) Slovak Criminal Code
5600:§ 144(3) Slovak Criminal Code
5371:"Código Penal – Art. 1 a 100"
3944:(in Spanish). 21 January 2020
3477:Capital punishment by country
3268:Under 12: Cannot be convicted
3262:Any other common law offence
3190:for an indeterminite period.
2757:: max. 15 years' imprisonment
2055:: maximum of 15 years or life
1489:: max. 30 years' imprisonment
1483:: max. 14 years' imprisonment
1382:: max. 20 years' imprisonment
1376:: max. 15 years' imprisonment
1370:: max. 10 years' imprisonment
1031:Cruel and unusual punishments
774:
737:
639:Portuguese-speaking countries
18:Life in prison without parole
5834:Prisoners' Families Helpline
5767:art. 266 Swiss Criminal Code
5758:art. 264 Swiss Criminal Code
5749:art. 185 Swiss Criminal Code
5740:art. 112 Swiss Criminal Code
5654:§ 47(2) Slovak Criminal Code
5314:Ari Yashar (28 March 2014).
5165:sec. 38 German Criminal Code
3897:. verbojuridico. p. 12.
3888:Ramalho, Énio (2016). "II".
3640:. Singapore. 3 November 2022
3067:: max. 4 years' imprisonment
2918:Carried out by member(s) of
2354:Murder involving kidnapping
1186:Court of Appeal of Singapore
1156:
1100:that the rulings imposed by
713:, penitentiary specialists,
682:2012 Aurora theater shooting
244:Cruel and unusual punishment
7:
5120:. Oikeus.fi. Archived from
4400:"The Best I Could S1 – EP6"
3450:
1750:: Only educational measures
1700:By courts and by president
1173:Abdul Nasir bin Amer Hamsah
1143:
971:Life imprisonment in Canada
964:Life imprisonment in Canada
10:
6289:
5663:§ 117 Slovak Criminal Code
4795:Youth Criminal Justice Act
4703:advocaat.be 17 March 2013.
3342:royal prerogative of mercy
3326:referendum-based agreement
3324:General release through a
3306:Individually set by judge
3279:royal prerogative of mercy
3250:Individually set by judge
3215:royal prerogative of mercy
3113:
3105:
2029:
1675:People's Republic of China
1658:royal prerogative of mercy
1308:
1301:
1160:
1014:
961:
719:human rights organizations
446: English/Welsh courts
43:
36:
29:
6059:
6021:
5036:"Straffeloven § 33, § 41"
4791:"Maximum Youth Sentences"
3402:Yes (depending on state)
3350:parliamentary sovereignty
3188:at His Majesty's pleasure
2872:, his/her spouse, or the
2157:age 10–11: rape or murder
1151:Federal Court of Malaysia
956:
791:
680:, the perpetrator of the
672:, the perpetrator of the
5293:"Article 549 Penal Code"
3916:(in European Portuguese)
3487:
3346:act of the UK Parliament
2905:Of a person suffering a
1260:Under age of 18 (or 21)
1202:Overview by jurisdiction
717:, but most of all among
100:Presumption of innocence
44:Not to be confused with
6040:Indefinite imprisonment
5850:. Scottish Government.
5423:3 December 2005 at the
5401:US Embassy in Mexico.
4766:. Legislationline.org.
4721:3 February 2012 at the
3994:www.legislationline.org
3683:"Laws of Other Nations"
3467:Indefinite imprisonment
3372:Yes (except in Alaska)
2935:, if resulting in death
2933:Crimes against humanity
2279:No (abolished in 1998)
2264:: No criminal penalties
1968:: No criminal penalties
1765:No (abolished in 1991)
1662:No (abolished in 1976)
1391:No (abolished in 1968)
1097:Montgomery v. Louisiana
989:Supreme Court of Canada
927:King of the Netherlands
725:States. According to a
262:Indefinite imprisonment
46:Indefinite imprisonment
5686:Official State Gazette
5588:Singapore Legal Advice
5229:Citizensinformation.ie
5144:
5092:"Finnish criminal law"
4997:. Business.center.cz.
4897:. Dui Hua Foundation.
3817:life-imprisonment.html
3128:
2817:
2760:
2702:President of Singapore
2697:
2583:
2413:: no life imprisonment
2270:: No life imprisonment
2249:president of Lithuania
1744:: cannot be prosecuted
1656:Yes, but only through
1582:: cannot be prosecuted
1477:: cannot be prosecuted
1051:
802:Bosnia and Herzegovina
771:
689:circumstances such as
321:Miscarriage of justice
5724:Riksdagsförvaltningen
5702:Riksdagsförvaltningen
5542:Mitrache, C. (2010).
5297:english.al-akhbar.com
4995:"Czech Criminal Code"
4698:(in French and Dutch)
4361:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
4163:Washington Law Review
3795:sentencingproject.org
3539:on 23 September 2013.
3472:List of prison deaths
3121:
2847:, 25 to 35 years for
2802:
2745:
2677:
2568:
2523:No criminal penalties
2502:No life imprisonment
1045:
745:
707:Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
346:Sex offender registry
66:Rights of the accused
6045:Mandatory sentencing
5225:"Types of sentences"
4844:Criminal Records Act
4839:Criminal Records Act
3710:27 June 2015 at the
2586:Pardon by president
2473:no life imprisonment
1924:Pardon by president
1109:Jones v. Mississippi
899:President of Austria
813:Constitutional Court
699:humanitarian grounds
674:Port Arthur massacre
432:English/Welsh courts
360:Related areas of law
6268:Crime-related lists
5963:. 28 November 2017.
5785:14 May 2010 at the
5405:15 May 2007 at the
5072:on 4 September 2015
5044:Ministry of Justice
4310:. 14 November 2023.
4292:. 14 November 2023.
3813:"Life imprisonment"
3801:on 18 October 2013.
3771:. 13 September 2022
3193:Murder and treason
2902:Of a minor under 16
2843:18 to 22 years for
1254:Mandatory sentence
1235:
921:Before 2016 in the
341:Restorative justice
27:Criminal punishment
6050:Suspended sentence
6035:Custodial sentence
6030:Capital punishment
5945:on 22 August 2011.
5836:. 8 February 2011.
5810:. 11 December 2020
5590:. 1 February 2021.
5444:www.rechtspraak.nl
5254:Gallagher, Conor.
5098:. 10 December 2018
4248:on 24 October 2014
4207:The New York Times
4012:"Krivični zakonik"
4000:on 7 October 2017.
3964:"Krivični zakonik"
3769:Human Rights Watch
3671:on 9 January 2016.
2915:Together with rape
2874:heir to the Throne
2683:: no imprisonment
2067:minister-president
2049:: maximum 10 years
1789:20 years generally
1594:: maximum 12 years
1561:20 years or never
1242:Life imprisonment
1206:
1130:capital punishment
1052:
1033:", in the case of
999:section 12 of the
975:Corrections Canada
904:President of Malta
772:
731:Human Rights Watch
616:aircraft hijacking
561:illegal drug trade
545:resulting in death
231:Capital punishment
223:Dangerous offender
110:Self-incrimination
55:Criminal procedure
6253:Life imprisonment
6240:
6239:
6015:Life imprisonment
5914:Belfast Telegraph
5544:Drept penal român
5040:Danish Penal Code
4626:. Ris.bka.gv.at.
4430:The Straits Times
4290:The Straits Times
4272:The Straits Times
4126:Los Angeles Times
4107:www.justice.gc.ca
3506:www.justice.gc.ca
3448:
3447:
3208:Whole life orders
3162:England and Wales
3061:: no imprisonment
2911:medical condition
2808:: no imprisonment
2751:: no imprisonment
2671:culpable homicide
2574:: no imprisonment
2407:: no imprisonment
2063:federal president
1865:: no imprisonment
1588:: maximum 3 years
1314:State laws vary.
1103:Miller v. Alabama
1078:Miller v. Alabama
1055:Graham v. Florida
1036:Graham v. Florida
832:England and Wales
821:three-strikes law
569:human trafficking
502:Life imprisonment
499:
498:
374:Criminal defenses
316:Habitual offender
267:Three-strikes law
257:Life imprisonment
236:Execution warrant
105:Exclusionary rule
16:(Redirected from
6280:
6258:Sentencing (law)
6008:
6001:
5994:
5985:
5984:
5965:
5964:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5941:. Archived from
5931:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5804:
5798:
5795:
5789:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5765:
5759:
5756:
5750:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5694:
5688:
5679:
5673:
5670:
5664:
5661:
5655:
5652:
5646:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5619:
5616:
5610:
5607:
5601:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5436:
5430:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5221:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5175:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5068:. Archived from
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5032:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4959:
4950:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4853:
4847:
4835:
4829:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4742:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4654:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4530:
4524:
4520:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4497:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4463:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4337:on 26 April 2012
4333:. Archived from
4323:
4312:
4311:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4172:
4166:
4161:on the Ground".
4155:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3996:. Archived from
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3869:. 6 October 2021
3859:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3797:. Archived from
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3721:
3715:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3693:on 27 June 2015.
3689:. Archived from
3679:
3673:
3672:
3667:. Archived from
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3555:nationmaster.com
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3531:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3497:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3389:Varies by state
3375:Varies by state
3366:
3365:
3299:Northern Ireland
3296:United Kingdom:
3295:
3294:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3232:United Kingdom:
3231:
3230:
3171:whole life order
3160:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3146:United Kingdom:
3145:
3144:
3087:
3086:
3031:
3030:
2960:
2959:
2834:
2833:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2717:
2716:
2700:Clemency by the
2645:
2644:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2543:
2542:
2493:
2492:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2377:
2376:
2332:
2331:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2143:Murder, treason
2125:
2123:
2122:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2043:: no prosecution
2000:
1999:
1938:
1937:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1834:
1833:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1714:
1713:
1673:
1672:
1614:
1613:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1447:
1446:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1337:
1336:
1277:
1276:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1088:Eighth Amendment
1027:Eighth Amendment
768:
762:
756:
750:
577:financial crimes
491:
484:
477:
463:
455:
447:
442:
434:
426:
407:
406:
306:Criminal justice
160:Directed verdict
51:
50:
21:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6236:
6055:
6054:
6017:
6012:
5973:
5968:
5955:
5954:
5950:
5939:courtsni.gov.uk
5933:
5932:
5928:
5918:
5916:
5906:
5902:
5892:
5890:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5871:
5867:
5857:
5855:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5813:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5796:
5792:
5787:Wayback Machine
5776:
5775:
5771:
5766:
5762:
5757:
5753:
5748:
5744:
5739:
5735:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5680:
5676:
5671:
5667:
5662:
5658:
5653:
5649:
5644:
5640:
5635:
5631:
5626:
5622:
5617:
5613:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5567:
5565:
5560:(in Romanian).
5556:
5555:
5551:
5540:
5536:
5526:
5524:
5519:(in Romanian).
5515:
5514:
5510:
5500:
5498:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5475:
5473:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5449:
5447:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5425:Wayback Machine
5407:Wayback Machine
5394:
5390:
5380:
5378:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5354:
5352:
5345:e-seimas.lrs.lt
5340:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5312:
5308:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5271:
5267:
5260:The Irish Times
5252:
5248:
5240:
5236:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5145:Strafgesetzbuch
5141:
5137:
5127:
5125:
5124:on 25 June 2009
5116:
5115:
5111:
5101:
5099:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5034:
5033:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5004:
5002:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4978:
4976:
4957:
4951:
4944:
4934:
4932:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4904:
4902:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4878:
4876:
4869:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4836:
4832:
4818:
4814:
4804:
4802:
4787:
4783:
4773:
4771:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4750:Jornal Nacional
4744:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4729:
4723:Wayback Machine
4712:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4663:
4657:penalreform.org
4652:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4594:
4590:
4582:
4578:
4571:
4567:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4517:
4510:
4506:
4498:
4494:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4453:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4422:
4418:
4408:
4406:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4375:"True Files S3"
4373:
4372:
4368:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4325:
4324:
4315:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4274:. 3 April 2023.
4266:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4182:on 30 June 2013
4174:
4173:
4169:
4156:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4118:
4114:
4099:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4016:www.paragraf.rs
4010:
4009:
4005:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3968:www.paragraf.rs
3962:
3961:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3906:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3843:
3841:
3840:. 26 March 2015
3832:
3831:
3824:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3712:Wayback Machine
3702:
3698:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3588:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3536:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3453:
3409:
3407:
3385:Varies by state
3360:
3297:
3289:
3274:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3225:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3118:
3110:
3081:
3070:
3025:
3014:
2954:
2924:Multiple murder
2920:organized crime
2828:
2773:
2771:
2711:
2639:
2596:
2594:
2537:
2526:
2487:
2476:
2467:no imprisonment
2432:
2430:
2371:
2326:
2286:
2284:
2273:
2221:
2219:
2179:
2177:
2163:
2120:
2118:
2078:
2076:
2058:
2034:
1994:
1983:
1932:
1887:
1885:
1874:
1828:
1795:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1708:
1667:
1653:
1608:
1597:
1547:
1545:
1505:
1503:
1492:
1441:
1398:
1396:
1385:
1347:
1331:
1313:
1306:
1271:
1234:
1208:
1204:
1165:
1159:
1146:
1123:
1048:Burton Phillips
1019:
1013:
1008:
1007:
994:R v Bissonnette
967:
959:
950:
794:
777:
770:
766:
764:
760:
758:
754:
752:
748:
740:
584:property damage
495:
466:
458:
453:Canadian courts
450:
445:
440:Scottish courts
437:
429:
421:
413:
401:
388:
369:Civil procedure
355:
276:Post-sentencing
271:
240:
214:
164:
129:
115:Double jeopardy
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6286:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
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6230:
6228:United Kingdom
6225:
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6019:
6018:
6011:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5988:
5980:
5979:
5972:
5971:External links
5969:
5967:
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5926:
5900:
5874:
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5318:. ArutzSheva.
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5109:
5094:(in Finnish).
5083:
5057:
5046:). 17 May 2019
5022:
5012:
4986:
4968:(2): 143–162.
4942:
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4886:
4867:
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4830:
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4781:
4755:
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4705:
4690:
4669:
4659:. p. 50.
4641:
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4074:rechtspraak.nl
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3908:Bruno, Cátia.
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3542:
3518:
3491:
3489:
3486:
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3484:
3479:
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3462:Incapacitation
3459:
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3222:
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3218:
3211:
3204:
3194:
3191:
3181:
3178:
3167:
3164:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3119:
3114:Main article:
3111:
3106:Main article:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3078:
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3074:
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3069:
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3062:
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3018:
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2895:
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2809:
2800:
2797:
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2788:
2785:
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2698:
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2343:
2338:No (except in
2336:
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2174:
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2164:
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2115:
2114:
2111:
2108:
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2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2030:Main article:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1929:
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1925:
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1815:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1799:
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1786:
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1781:
1779:Czech Republic
1767:
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1576:
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1565:
1562:
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1526:
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1484:
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1471:
1469:
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1463:
1460:
1457:
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1438:
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1393:
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1389:
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1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:Vic, ACT: No
1315:
1309:Main article:
1302:Main article:
1299:
1296:
1292:Yes See also:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1268:
1267:
1266:Death penalty
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1178:Oriental Hotel
1161:Main article:
1158:
1155:
1145:
1142:
1122:
1119:
1015:Main article:
1012:
1009:
968:
960:
958:
955:
949:
946:
942:rehabilitation
862:activities or
836:United Kingdom
806:prison reforms
793:
790:
776:
773:
765:
759:
753:
747:
739:
736:
715:criminologists
497:
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427:
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409:Law portal
398:
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387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
365:
362:
361:
357:
356:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
336:Rehabilitation
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
292:
287:
281:
278:
277:
273:
272:
270:
269:
264:
259:
254:
248:
247:
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239:
238:
233:
227:
226:
225:
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213:
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207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
176:
173:
172:
166:
165:
163:
162:
157:
152:
147:
141:
138:
137:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6285:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6234:
6233:United States
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
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6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6009:
6004:
6002:
5997:
5995:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5962:
5961:El Observador
5958:
5952:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5930:
5915:
5911:
5904:
5888:
5884:
5878:
5869:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5809:
5803:
5794:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5773:
5764:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5715:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5683:
5682:Criminal Code
5678:
5669:
5660:
5651:
5642:
5633:
5624:
5615:
5606:
5597:
5589:
5585:
5579:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5545:
5538:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5337:
5321:
5317:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5280:
5276:
5269:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5238:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5210:
5201:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5171:
5162:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5016:
5000:
4996:
4990:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4947:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4834:
4827:
4826:Criminal Code
4823:
4822:
4821:Criminal Code
4816:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4751:
4747:
4741:
4731:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4709:
4702:
4694:
4679:
4673:
4662:
4658:
4651:
4645:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4592:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4519:
4513:
4508:
4501:
4496:
4489:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4451:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4108:
4104:
4097:
4089:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4039:
4033:
4017:
4013:
4007:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3752:
3746:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3655:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3535:
3528:
3522:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3492:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:United States
3364:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3315:Murder, rape
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:armed robbery
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:By president
3130:
3127:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2880:head of state
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:Assassination
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:By president
2819:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:By president
2762:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2692:death penalty
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2557:
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2531:
2528:
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2510:
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2324:
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2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:By president
2275:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:By president
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
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2117:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Guinea-Bissau
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1755:
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1637:
1634:
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1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:By president
1599:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
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1544:
1543:
1539:
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1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
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1513:
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1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
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1473:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1433:By president
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:By president
1387:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1305:
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1297:
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1291:
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1018:
1011:United States
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1003:
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995:
990:
986:
985:
984:Criminal Code
978:
976:
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948:South America
945:
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769: Unknown
744:
735:
732:
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720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
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687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:Martin Bryant
668:, Australia,
667:
662:
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655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
627:United States
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621:
617:
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609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
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585:
582:
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574:
570:
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558:
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550:
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543:
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515:
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430: Not in
428:
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419:
417:
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392:
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380:
377:
375:
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370:
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364:
363:
359:
358:
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349:
347:
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342:
339:
337:
334:
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327:
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322:
319:
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314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
280:
279:
275:
274:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
245:
242:
241:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
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221:
219:
216:
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6198:South Africa
6014:
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5943:the original
5938:
5929:
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5913:
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5460:
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5443:
5440:"Levenslang"
5434:
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5070:the original
5060:
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4889:
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4335:the original
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4180:the original
4170:
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4125:
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4073:
4070:"Levenslang"
4064:
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4032:
4020:. Retrieved
4018:(in Serbian)
4015:
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3998:the original
3993:
3984:
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3970:(in Serbian)
3967:
3958:
3946:. Retrieved
3939:
3930:
3918:. Retrieved
3913:
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3890:
3883:
3871:. Retrieved
3842:. Retrieved
3816:
3807:
3799:the original
3794:
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3759:
3745:
3733:. Retrieved
3719:
3699:
3691:the original
3686:
3677:
3669:the original
3665:mecon.gov.ar
3664:
3654:
3642:. Retrieved
3635:
3626:
3614:. Retrieved
3610:
3601:
3589:. Retrieved
3580:
3570:
3558:. Retrieved
3554:
3545:
3534:the original
3521:
3509:. Retrieved
3505:
3495:
3393:
3123:
3122:
3064:
3058:
3008:
3002:
2999:: no penalty
2996:
2899:Murder, if:
2811:
2805:
2754:
2748:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2625:
2577:
2571:
2520:
2470:
2464:
2420:royal decree
2410:
2404:
2293:Macau, China
2267:
2261:
2160:age 12+: yes
2052:
2046:
2040:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1908:
1868:
1862:
1811:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1647:
1641:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1427:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1318:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1166:
1147:
1138:Vatican City
1126:Pope Francis
1124:
1121:Vatican City
1114:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1059:Jacksonville
1054:
1053:
1034:
1020:
1000:
992:
982:
979:
969:
951:
935:
920:
888:
834:(within the
825:
810:
795:
778:
723:
702:
686:Nikolas Cruz
678:James Holmes
660:
657:
654:Commonwealth
651:
624:
510:imprisonment
501:
500:
379:Criminal law
301:Life licence
256:
252:Imprisonment
85:Speedy trial
6213:Switzerland
6163:New Zealand
6158:Netherlands
5777:(in French)
5568:14 December
5527:14 December
5381:17 February
5102:26 December
4846:at CanLii)
4828:at CanLii)
4252:19 February
4076:(in Dutch).
4022:3 September
3974:3 September
3948:29 December
3844:29 December
3033:Switzerland
2379:Netherlands
1209:This box:
1083:Elena Kagan
1046:Mugshot of
1029:'s ban on "
923:Netherlands
844:Netherlands
542:child abuse
311:Exoneration
39:Life tenure
6247:Categories
5496:lovdata.no
5446:(in Dutch)
5183:sec. 6(1)
4979:1 December
4935:9 February
4868:9004234454
4713:(in Dutch)
4440:11 January
4341:31 January
4308:Malay Mail
3920:13 January
3914:Observador
3775:11 October
3644:3 November
3457:10-20-Life
2975:prisoner).
2907:disability
2878:A foreign
2149:common law
1405:Azerbaijan
775:By country
738:World view
596:kidnapping
592:hate crime
581:aggravated
331:Recidivism
205:Guidelines
170:Sentencing
155:Not proven
145:Conviction
90:Jury trial
75:Fair trial
6188:Singapore
6068:Australia
4974:1580-0253
4905:2 January
4879:2 January
4215:0362-4331
3873:9 October
3687:usfca.edu
3511:26 August
3426:45 years
3096:25 years
2854:30 years
2787:25 years
2726:25 years
2654:20 years
2647:Singapore
2610:20 years
2555:30 years
2521:Under 15:
2340:Chihuahua
2235:25 years
2228:Lithuania
2193:10 years
2168:president
2134:12 years
1901:30 years
1843:12 years
1819:president
1798:30 years
1726:40 years
1522:40 years
1412:25 years
1357:Genocide
1307:Federal:
1279:Australia
1169:Singapore
1157:Singapore
1115:mandatory
864:terrorism
815:in 2021.
647:Chihuahua
571:, severe
553:espionage
538:terrorism
461:UK courts
424:US courts
290:Probation
200:Discharge
190:Custodial
185:Suspended
180:Mandatory
150:Acquittal
80:Pre-trial
6273:Duration
6263:Penology
6193:Slovakia
6026:See also
5919:17 April
5887:Archived
5852:Archived
5783:Archived
5728:Archived
5706:Archived
5562:Archived
5521:Archived
5476:3 August
5470:Archived
5450:2 August
5421:Archived
5417:BBC News
5403:Archived
5375:Archived
5349:Archived
5326:17 April
5320:Archived
5301:Archived
5244:ihrec.ie
5128:3 August
5005:30 March
4999:Archived
4929:Archived
4899:Archived
4873:Archived
4805:17 April
4799:Archived
4774:30 March
4768:Archived
4719:Archived
4683:26 March
4661:Archived
4634:30 March
4628:Archived
4610:Archived
4584:eManuals
4471:Archived
4434:Archived
4384:21 April
4219:Archived
4186:17 April
4136:17 April
4130:Archived
3735:3 August
3729:Archived
3714:", 2008.
3708:Archived
3611:SBS News
3585:Archived
3451:See also
3318:Robbery
3243:Scotland
3124:under 18
3059:under 15
2997:under 15
2891:Genocide
2884:diplomat
2845:furlough
2806:under 16
2780:Slovenia
2749:under 14
2719:Slovakia
2681:under 14
2626:under 18
2572:under 15
2465:under 7:
2405:under 12
2262:Under 14
2041:Under 14
1966:Under 15
1909:de facto
1863:under 15
1742:under 14
1694:Various
1580:under 14
1554:Bulgaria
1475:under 12
1368:under 16
1144:Malaysia
852:Bulgaria
786:Portugal
703:de facto
666:Tasmania
635:Portugal
620:genocide
600:burglary
565:epidemic
522:pardoned
506:sentence
384:Evidence
218:Totality
195:Periodic
6133:Ireland
6128:Iceland
6123:Hungary
6113:Germany
6103:Finland
6098:Denmark
6093:Croatia
6078:Belgium
6073:Austria
6063:Albania
5893:10 July
5858:10 July
5214:itself.
4409:12 July
4404:meWATCH
4331:Webcite
3941:El País
3659:Mecon.
3416:Uruguay
3394:de jure
3340:). The
2945:Cabinet
2870:monarch
2796:Murder
2603:Romania
2439:Nigeria
2186:Lebanon
2127:Ireland
2002:Germany
1956:Murder
1940:Finland
1894:Estonia
1836:Denmark
1716:Croatia
1468:Murder
1449:Belgium
1361:people
1339:Austria
1196:SGCA 38
938:Albania
916:Ukraine
912:Moldova
868:Ukraine
848:Moldova
842:), the
798:Croatia
711:lawyers
695:amnesty
604:robbery
557:treason
534:torture
526:paroled
504:is any
393:Portals
135:Verdict
95:Counsel
6223:Turkey
6218:Taiwan
6208:Sweden
6183:Serbia
6178:Russia
6173:Poland
6168:Norway
6153:Mexico
6138:Israel
6118:Greece
6108:France
6083:Canada
5501:4 July
5355:21 May
5096:Finlex
5076:6 July
5050:17 May
4972:
4865:
4379:Toggle
4225:12 May
4213:
4159:Graham
3616:3 June
3591:12 May
3560:3 July
3413:
3344:or an
3240:
3089:Taiwan
2962:Sweden
2849:parole
2777:
2600:
2545:Poland
2495:Norway
2446:Never
2436:
2386:Never
2334:Mexico
2290:
2225:
2183:
2124:
2082:
1891:
1776:
1616:Canada
1551:
1512:Brazil
1509:
1402:
957:Canada
908:France
891:Sweden
884:Serbia
882:, and
880:Russia
876:Turkey
872:Poland
838:; see
828:Europe
817:Serbia
792:Europe
767:
761:
755:
749:
691:pardon
631:Canada
618:, and
612:piracy
530:murder
518:prison
512:for a
459:
451:
438:
422:
326:Pardon
297:
295:Tariff
285:Parole
125:Appeal
6203:Spain
6148:Japan
6143:Italy
6088:China
5814:7 May
5038:[
5020:then.
4958:(PDF)
4664:(PDF)
4653:(PDF)
4546:(WA))
3895:(PDF)
3637:Today
3537:(PDF)
3530:(PDF)
3488:Notes
3392:Yes (
3309:None
3180:None
3099:None
3065:15–17
3049:None
3043:None
3009:18–20
3003:15–17
2986:None
2980:None
2836:Spain
2812:16–17
2790:None
2755:14–17
2729:None
2688:14–17
2657:None
2613:None
2578:15-18
2561:None
2471:7-18:
2449:None
2411:12–18
2395:None
2389:None
2357:None
2268:14–17
2244:None
2238:None
2205:Rape
2196:None
2137:None
2053:18–21
2047:14–18
2020:None
1978:18–20
1972:15–17
1950:None
1914:None
1907:Yes (
1904:None
1869:15–17
1846:none
1812:15–18
1804:None
1754:16–17
1748:14-16
1642:12-13
1626:None
1592:16-18
1586:14-16
1570:None
1564:None
1487:16–17
1481:12–15
1465:None
1459:None
1428:14–17
1421:None
1380:18–20
1374:16–17
1351:None
1289:None
906:. In
895:Italy
860:mafia
856:Italy
782:Spain
661:facto
608:theft
588:arson
573:fraud
514:crime
210:Guilt
5921:2014
5895:2017
5860:2017
5816:2021
5570:2012
5529:2012
5503:2024
5478:2011
5452:2019
5383:2009
5357:2016
5328:2014
5130:2011
5104:2018
5078:2013
5052:2019
5007:2012
4981:2010
4970:ISSN
4937:2018
4907:2018
4881:2018
4863:ISBN
4807:2014
4776:2012
4685:2019
4636:2012
4557:drug
4442:2021
4411:2020
4386:2020
4343:2021
4254:2015
4227:2017
4211:ISSN
4188:2014
4138:2014
4024:2022
3976:2022
3950:2020
3922:2021
3875:2021
3846:2020
3838:RTVE
3777:2022
3737:2011
3646:2022
3618:2021
3593:2017
3562:2023
3513:2023
3381:Yes
3303:Yes
3256:Yes
3247:Yes
3197:Rape
3166:Yes
3134:Yes
3093:Yes
3037:Yes
2983:Yes
2966:Yes
2868:The
2865:of:
2840:Yes
2793:Yes
2784:Yes
2732:Yes
2706:Yes
2651:Yes
2607:Yes
2549:Yes
2482:Yes
2452:Yes
2443:Yes
2392:Yes
2383:Yes
2241:Yes
2232:Yes
2214:Yes
2208:Yes
2190:Yes
2131:Yes
1953:Yes
1944:Yes
1898:Yes
1849:Yes
1840:Yes
1783:Yes
1703:Yes
1697:Yes
1679:Yes
1629:Yes
1620:Yes
1567:Yes
1558:Yes
1453:Yes
1343:Yes
1283:Yes
1229:edit
1222:talk
1215:view
800:and
629:and
575:and
549:rape
120:Bail
5279:RTÉ
3867:EFE
3581:CNN
3444:No
3429:No
3420:No
3355:No
3338:iii
3321:??
3312:No
3284:No
3220:No
3102:No
3076:No
3046:No
3020:No
2949:No
2943:By
2940:No
2909:or
2882:or
2857:No
2823:No
2766:No
2634:No
2558:No
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2511:??
2508:No
2479:??
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2455:??
2425:No
2366:No
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2351:No
2321:No
2306:No
2297:No
2199:No
2172:No
2166:By
2140:No
2113:No
2098:No
2095:??
2089:No
2065:or
2061:By
2023:No
1989:No
1927:No
1880:No
1852:No
1823:No
1817:By
1801:No
1729:No
1720:No
1691:No
1688:No
1648:14+
1603:No
1534:No
1525:No
1516:No
1498:No
1462:No
1436:No
1418:No
1326:No
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