1194:
1167:
38:
1210:
1661:
176:(early 14th century; see Gallery) shows some differences between East and West – the First seven steps of the Virgin were celebrated by an Orthodox feast day – but the 16 scenes taken to reach a point before the Visitation are similar to the 15 taken in Giotto's near-contemporary cycle. When the Chora cycle resumes, it has become part of the Life of Christ beginning with his Incarnation, as has Giotto's and many Western examples. The Giotto cycle is very full at 26 scenes, but in a small ivory only two scenes may be shown. The commonest pair in such a case is the
1013:
Adoration of the
Shepherds, or the Adoration of the Magi – or by a combination of these three. Although the eight scenes for Books of Hours were the standard selection, followed for example by the two examples described by Robert Calkins, it will be noticed that the much longer cycle in the "Hours of Catherine of Cleves" only overlaps with the standard scheme for three scenes. Ghirlandajo has large rectangular spaces to fill, and avoids scenes with only a few participants (and with no opportunity for showy costumes), except for the Annunciation.
60:
1232:
996:
2370:
2382:
215:
1057:
240:, a leading authority, lists a total of 53 scenes before the Annunciation alone that occur in the art of the West, although only a single example (a 13th-century illuminated manuscript from Germany) containing all of these survives, and very possibly few others ever existed. Seventeen of these scenes preceded the Birth of the Virgin. These apocryphal scenes became much more restricted in the later Middle Ages.
1012:
The sample above is correct in suggesting that the
Annunciation and the Nativity were the only indispensable scenes; the Louvre cycle probably came from an altarpiece with a missing Annunciation as its main panel. The Nativity is always represented, but this may be done by the Nativity itself, the
1193:
1134:
With the decline of the illuminated manuscript and the advent of larger paintings and the single-subject altarpiece, cycles became less important in art, except in print form, but painted cycles by no means died out. A cycle of 16 fairly large paintings by
243:
Certain events from the Life were celebrated as feasts by the Church, and others were not; this greatly affected the frequency with which they were depicted. Other Marian devotional practices affected the length and composition of cycles;
1166:
199:, including Mary are contained in the complementary cycle of the Life of St John the Baptist on the walls. A Life of Christ has many more scenes that overlap with the Life of Mary, as the Scrovegni Chapel demonstrates.
1107:
was one of his most influential works, adapted into painting by a host of artists in
Germany and beyond. Schongauer apparently planned a large series, but only four scenes were produced (ca 1470–75).
1076:
is the earliest
Western monumental cycle to appear under a large enthroned Virgin and Child. Such cycles continued to appear in prominent positions, gradually becoming less common than scenes of the
1450:
This detail is rare outside
Parisian ivories of this period, but the whole composition of this triptych is very closely followed in many works of similar date (e.g. Thompson Collection, Ottawa)
1209:
1968:
1139:
of about 1688 hung in the Queen of Spain's bedroom in Madrid in the 18th century, and many cycles were painted for cathedrals and other large buildings. After the decrees of the
286:
The table below shows whether a scene was the subject of a feast-day in the
Western church, and gives the contents of the cycles (described above and below) by: Giotto in the
1307:
Cartlidge and
Elliott discuss the composition of cycles at length, with tables pp. 29–32 listing the 53 scenes, after Lafontaine-Dosogne, and the equivalent Eastern cycle.
1080:. The evolution during the 13th century of the illuminated Book of hours gave another important location for cycles, as did the gradual development of more sophisticated
204:
1029:
of about 250 has been interpreted as a procession of
Virgins accompanying Mary to the Temple. Early cycles tend to include more scenes and details from the
228:
In fact this is a later title for a Life of the Virgin cycle on a single panel. Altogether 25 scenes, not all involving the Virgin, are depicted. 1480,
1119:, were the most important other 15th century examples. DĂĽrer largely eclipsed these at the beginning of the 16th century with his cycle of 19
1344:
375:
1025:
The depiction of scenes from the life of the Virgin goes back to almost the earliest days of
Christian art; a scene from the church at
1559:
2020:
1889:
1758:
1998:
1068:
Cycles of the Life of Mary were less frequent in the West than the East until the Gothic period. The cycle of the
Nativity in the
17:
1596:
2301:
2247:
2010:
890:
275:
79:
1748:
652:
31:
1257:
1000:
2239:
2193:
1547:
1519:
1488:
1474:
1296:
764:
1983:
1222:
2274:
1427:
1231:
1564:
1056:
113:. In both cases the number of scenes shown varies greatly with the space available. Works may be in any medium:
2408:
2374:
2347:
1819:
1199:
14th-century French ivory triptych showing the Annunciation, Visitation, Adoration of the Magi, Nativity (with
195:
has nine scenes (described more fully at that article). In this case, as very often, other scenes, such as the
145:
The Life of the Virgin sometimes merges into a cycle of the Life of Christ, sometimes includes scenes from the
1907:
580:
237:
1049:
was the dominant apocryphal source; in the East, slightly different versions, all equally deriving from the
295:
266:
2413:
1929:
1705:
1645:
2015:
1976:
1045:
give few details of Mary's life before and after the years around the birth of Jesus. In the West the
2171:
2098:
1738:
1589:
712:
37:
2053:
1924:
1897:
1836:
1050:
914:
257:
223:
185:
181:
1377:
Cartlidge and Elliott:32 – they discuss the role of the Apocrypha throughout their chapter on Mary
1041:, before her birth. The influence of these stories never disappeared entirely, partly because the
2257:
2067:
2048:
1858:
1846:
1824:
1116:
1069:
2134:
2093:
2083:
1912:
1814:
1783:
1700:
1291:
Alte Pinakotek, Munich; (Summary Catalogue – various authors), pp. 348–51, 1986, Edition Lipp,
626:
521:
461:
196:
130:
98:
67:
43:
1464:
2205:
1788:
1763:
1731:
1685:
1605:
737:
597:
253:
150:
110:
83:
71:
2309:
1778:
1695:
1582:
1239:
1108:
788:
432:
307:
264:
also influenced selection of scenes, for example in the standardised illustrations for the
8:
2181:
2139:
2088:
1144:
863:
271:
249:
2319:
2279:
2058:
1902:
1831:
1112:
1073:
813:
261:
75:
1660:
270:. Theological developments also influenced selection, especially those concerning the
165:
2381:
2263:
2005:
1971:
1753:
1743:
1650:
1543:
1515:
1484:
1470:
1292:
1152:
1100:
1077:
1042:
1005:
682:
550:
303:
236:
The total number of scenes was potentially very large up to the early Gothic period;
192:
157:
146:
2161:
1095:, series of the Life were popular, and were often among the most ambitious works of
200:
156:
Important examples whose scenes are listed in the table below, include those in the
2220:
2176:
2129:
1993:
1805:
1773:
1690:
1676:
1507:
1217:
1140:
1092:
402:
287:
161:
118:
52:
1866:
1841:
1768:
1143:
in 1563, many of the apocryphal scenes, and late medieval introductions like the
1127:(c. 1501-11) essentially following Schongauer's composition in his secene of the
229:
2103:
2030:
1184:
1046:
245:
149:, but often jumps from the childhood of Christ to the Death of the Virgin. The
122:
59:
2402:
2386:
2295:
2252:
2230:
2188:
2166:
2043:
1947:
1136:
291:
126:
106:
87:
1569:
1540:
Iconographie de l’enfance de la Vierge dans l’Empire byzantin et en Occident
1417:, National Gallery of Art, Washington (Catalogue), p.48ff, 1973, LOC 7379624
2149:
2144:
2038:
1726:
1621:
1262:
1200:
1180:
1026:
490:
218:
177:
173:
2314:
1613:
1096:
1085:
63:
1574:
995:
248:
often had eight scenes to go with the eight sections of the text of the
2326:
2200:
1639:
1081:
1034:
1030:
1017:
was a subject new in the 14th century, and only popular from the 15th.
168:
by Duccio completed in 1308. The important and extended Late Byzantine
134:
2156:
2108:
2063:
1988:
1919:
1880:
1795:
1528:; 1967, National Gallery of Art, Washington (Catalogue), LOC 67-29080
838:
153:, the last episode in the childhood of Christ, often ends the cycle.
160:
by Domenico Ghirlandaio and his workshop between 1485 and 1490, the
2210:
214:
2269:
2124:
2078:
2073:
1633:
1148:
1120:
1038:
346:
208:
1359:, pp. 310–313, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983.
2215:
1542:(2 vols, revised edn.), Bruxelles, Palais des académies, 1992,
1244:
1176:
1061:
299:
169:
114:
48:
278:, with the latter gradually replacing the former in the West.
1718:
1627:
102:
1514:,1971 (English trans from German), Lund Humphries, London,
1088:, or at least a side-altar, which all large churches had.
137:, stone sculptures and ivory carvings have many examples.
109:, often complementing, or forming part of, a cycle on the
1415:
Early Italian Engravings from the National Gallery of Art
1565:
Louvre – Italian 15th-century cycle of 12 painted panels
1483:, p. 28, 1977, Thomas Y Crowell Company, New York,
1175:, a common Byzantine subject, rarely seen in the West.
78:, Pilate washing his hands, Christ bearing the Cross,
1203:holding the baby while Mary sleeps), Presentation.
1064:
and the Virgin of the Rosary, a Rosary-based cycle.
1345:DES SCENES DE LA VIE DE LA VIERGE Joconde database
2400:
1033:Gospels, including the story of Mary's parents,
1526:Fifteenth century Engravings of Northern Europe
1504:, Plates 1–15, New York, George Braziller, 1966
1115:'s series, which followed the subjects of the
105:, is a common subject for pictorial cycles in
1590:
1413:Oberhuber, Konrad in: Jay A. Levinson (ed.)
97:, showing narrative scenes from the life of
1469:, pp. 21–46, 2001, Routledge, London;
376:Joachim and Anne Meeting at the Golden Gate
27:Narrative scenes of the life of Mary in art
1597:
1583:
1111:'s series of 12 scenes (ca 1490–1500) and
203:produced a highly popular and influential
2021:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
1604:
1463:David R. Cartlidge, James Keith Elliott,
1343:An unknown Venetian master of ca. 1480.
1282:Probably between 1500 and 1504. Kurth: 27
164:by Giotto, completed about 1305, and the
1055:
994:
213:
58:
36:
1495:The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Durer
14:
2401:
1368:Cartlidge and Elliott:36, picture p.34
1578:
184:, although there were times when the
121:have many of the fullest cycles, but
1512:Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. I
1357:Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages
80:Presentation of Christ in the Temple
653:Presentation of Jesus at the Temple
302:Life of the Virgin", Ghirlandajo's
32:Life of the Virgin (disambiguation)
24:
1570:Wall-paintings in English churches
1532:
298:, the cycle of the "Master of the
281:
25:
2425:
1553:
1015:Christ taking leave of his Mother
765:Christ taking leave of his Mother
2380:
2369:
2368:
1659:
1538:Lafontaine-Dosogne, Jacqueline.
1502:The Hours of Catherine of Cleves
1428:"Louvre Museum Official Website"
1265:– late Byzantine cycle detailed.
1230:
1223:Master of the Life of the Virgin
1221:, from the 8 scene cycle by the
1208:
1192:
1165:
1147:, were attacked by writers like
1560:All sixteen of DĂĽrer's woodcuts
1466:Art and the Christian Apocrypha
1444:
1420:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
306:cycle, and the print cycles of
140:
2348:Saint Luke painting the Virgin
1769:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana
1764:Finding of Jesus in the Temple
1362:
1349:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1285:
1276:
13:
1:
1497:, Dover Books, New York, 1963
1457:
1173:The first steps of the Virgin
1060:The Fifteen Mysteries of the
581:Announcement to the Shepherds
345:Expulsion of/Annunciation to
238:Jacqueline Lafontaine-Dosogne
188:might displace one of these.
296:Hours of Catherine of Cleves
267:Speculum Humanae Salvationis
7:
1251:
117:church walls and series of
10:
2430:
1158:
1020:
29:
2364:
2335:
2288:
2238:
2229:
2117:
2029:
1967:
1960:
1940:
1888:
1879:
1857:
1815:Bilocation to Saint James
1804:
1716:
1675:
1668:
1657:
1612:
879:
713:Massacre of the Innocents
691:
574:
571:
563:
557:
1867:Protoevangelium of James
1269:
1091:With the arrival of the
1051:Protoevangelium of James
915:Coronation of the Virgin
258:Seven Joys of the Virgin
224:Seven Joys of the Virgin
186:Coronation of the Virgin
2258:Golden Madonna of Essen
1847:Woman of the Apocalypse
1117:Mysteries of the Rosary
1072:of the right portal of
131:illuminated manuscripts
18:Life of the Virgin Mary
2135:Alma Redemptoris Mater
2084:Our Lady of Navigators
1065:
1009:
627:Circumcision of Christ
462:Marriage of the Virgin
233:
90:
86:, from a 15th-century
68:Descent from the Cross
56:
44:Marriage of the Virgin
2409:Christian iconography
2320:Theotokos of Vladimir
1749:Presentation of Jesus
1686:Immaculate Conception
1606:Mary, mother of Jesus
1404:Shestack:no.s 216–227
1334:Plummer, Plates 1–15.
1059:
998:
738:Finding in the Temple
598:Adoration of the Magi
262:decades of the Rosary
254:Sorrows of the Virgin
217:
151:Finding in the Temple
84:Finding in the Temple
72:Lamentation of Christ
62:
40:
1240:Presentation of Mary
1109:Israhel van Meckenem
789:Crucifixion of Jesus
433:Presentation of Mary
310:and Albrecht DĂĽrer.
308:Israhel van Meckenem
30:For other uses, see
2302:Madonna del Rosario
2206:Maria mater gratiae
2182:Sub tuum praesidium
2140:Ave Regina caelorum
2094:Our Lady of Victory
2089:Our Lady of Sorrows
1732:Virginal motherhood
1706:Perpetual virginity
1395:Shestack:no.s 38–41
1355:Calkins, Robert G.
1145:Swoon of the Virgin
1105:Death of the Virgin
1053:, were preferred.
1001:Death of the Virgin
864:Death of the Virgin
272:Death of the Virgin
250:Hours of the Virgin
205:series of 19 scenes
2414:Virgin Mary in art
2343:Life of the Virgin
2059:Life-giving Spring
2049:Help of Christians
1759:Return to Nazareth
1701:Marriage to Joseph
1432:cartelen.louvre.fr
1125:Life of the Virgin
1113:Francesco Rosselli
1074:Chartres Cathedral
1066:
1010:
891:Assumption of Mary
814:Ascension of Jesus
234:
95:Life of the Virgin
91:
76:Betrayal of Christ
57:
2396:
2395:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2264:The Golden Virgin
1984:Catholic churches
1956:
1955:
1875:
1874:
1754:Flight into Egypt
1744:Nativity of Jesus
1651:Brothers of Jesus
1508:Schiller, Gertrud
1481:The Book of Hours
1386:Schiller: I 31–32
1153:Federigo Borromeo
1101:Martin Schongauer
1078:Passion of Christ
1043:canonical Gospels
1006:Hugo van der Goes
993:
992:
683:Flight into Egypt
551:Nativity of Jesus
304:Tornabuoni Chapel
193:Tornabuoni Chapel
182:Nativity of Jesus
158:Tornabuoni Chapel
147:Passion of Christ
119:old master prints
16:(Redirected from
2421:
2384:
2372:
2371:
2236:
2235:
2221:Three Hail Marys
2177:Ave maris stella
2054:Immaculate Heart
1965:
1964:
1886:
1885:
1774:Passion of Jesus
1673:
1672:
1663:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1524:Shestack, Alan;
1451:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1424:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
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1366:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1234:
1218:Nativity of Mary
1212:
1196:
1169:
1141:Council of Trent
1093:old master print
403:Nativity of Mary
313:
312:
288:Scrovegni Chapel
162:Scrovegni Chapel
101:, the mother of
53:Scrovegni Chapel
21:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2352:
2331:
2284:
2275:Queen of Heaven
2225:
2113:
2099:Star of the Sea
2025:
1952:
1936:
1871:
1853:
1800:
1712:
1664:
1655:
1608:
1603:
1556:
1535:
1533:Further reading
1500:Plummer, John,
1479:Harthan, John,
1460:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1421:
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1403:
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1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:Schiller: I,125
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1311:
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1302:
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1272:
1254:
1247:
1235:
1226:
1213:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1170:
1161:
1023:
707:Yes, plus Rest
693:
284:
282:Table of scenes
230:Alte Pinakothek
143:
35:
28:
23:
22:
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11:
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2184:
2179:
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2162:Fátima prayers
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2152:
2147:
2142:
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2127:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2104:Seat of Wisdom
2101:
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2076:
2071:
2061:
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2046:
2041:
2035:
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2026:
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2013:
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1991:
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1554:External links
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1493:Kurth, Willi,
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1185:Constantinople
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1047:Pseudo-Matthew
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246:Books of Hours
201:Albrecht DĂĽrer
142:
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123:panel painting
111:Life of Christ
26:
9:
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2068:of all graces
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292:Book of hours
289:
279:
277:
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255:
251:
247:
241:
239:
231:
227:
225:
221:'s so-called
220:
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179:
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172:cycle of the
171:
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138:
136:
132:
128:
127:stained glass
124:
120:
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107:Christian art
104:
100:
96:
89:
88:Book of Hours
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
50:
46:
45:
39:
33:
19:
2385:
2373:
2342:
2300:
2280:Stabat Mater
2262:
2150:Regina caeli
2145:Salve Regina
2044:Coredemptrix
2039:Christotokos
1999:month of May
1808:: later life
1789:Resurrection
1727:Annunciation
1696:Presentation
1679:: early life
1539:
1525:
1511:
1501:
1494:
1480:
1465:
1446:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1356:
1351:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1287:
1278:
1263:Chora Church
1258:Castelseprio
1238:
1216:
1181:Chora Church
1172:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1104:
1090:
1067:
1027:Dura Europas
1024:
1014:
1011:
999:
694:alternative
491:Annunciation
290:, a typical
285:
265:
252:. The Seven
242:
235:
222:
219:Hans Memling
190:
178:Annunciation
174:Chora Church
155:
144:
141:Scenes shown
94:
92:
42:
2310:Derzhavnaya
1972:Apparitions
1779:Crucifixion
1097:printmaking
1086:Lady Chapel
1082:altarpieces
692:Yes, and/or
260:and the 15
64:Crucifixion
2403:Categories
2327:Hodegetria
2248:Assumption
2201:Magnificat
2006:Feast days
1961:Veneration
1925:Protestant
1859:Apocryphal
1837:Coronation
1832:Assumption
1784:Deposition
1739:Visitation
1458:References
1437:2020-07-11
1187:, 1315-21.
1035:Saint Anne
1031:apocryphal
1008:, ca. 1480
522:Visitation
325:Bk of Hrs
276:Assumption
197:Visitation
135:tapestries
2157:Ave Maria
2130:Antiphons
2109:Theotokos
2064:Mediatrix
2011:Patronage
1994:Devotions
1989:Christmas
1890:Christian
1881:Mariology
1842:Queenship
1820:Dormition
1806:Tradition
1796:Pentecost
1677:Tradition
1646:Elizabeth
1624:(husband)
1179:from the
1099:artists.
880:Combined
839:Pentecost
575:Combined
572:Combined
564:Combined
558:Combined
507:Missing?
2375:Category
2211:Memorare
2172:Akathist
1930:Lutheran
1920:Orthodox
1903:Catholic
1898:Anglican
1642:(mother)
1636:(father)
1252:See also
1121:woodcuts
1084:for the
1070:tympanum
337:Israhel
334:Ghirla.
274:and the
232:, Munich
180:and the
115:frescoed
2336:Related
2125:Angelus
2118:Prayers
2079:Panagia
2074:New Eve
2016:Shrines
1948:Islamic
1908:history
1717:In the
1634:Joachim
1215:German
1177:Mosaics
1159:Gallery
1149:Molanus
1123:on the
1039:Joachim
1021:History
347:Joachim
331:Louvre
328:C of C
322:Giotto
319:Feast?
209:woodcut
2315:Eleusa
2216:Rosary
2194:Loreto
2189:Litany
2031:Titles
1622:Joseph
1614:Family
1546:
1518:
1487:
1473:
1295:
1245:Titian
1225:, 1463
1201:Joseph
1062:Rosary
965:Total
940:Other
340:DĂĽrer
316:Scene
300:Louvre
294:, the
256:, the
170:mosaic
166:MaestĂ
49:Giotto
2270:PietĂ
2167:Hymns
1941:Other
1913:papal
1719:Bible
1691:Birth
1630:(son)
1628:Jesus
1270:Notes
1129:Death
945:Many
370:Both
353:Both
103:Jesus
2289:East
2240:West
1977:list
1825:Tomb
1669:Life
1640:Anne
1544:ISBN
1516:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1237:The
1037:and
971:17+
933:Yes
930:Yes
923:Yes
909:Yes
902:Yes
895:Yes
885:Yes
875:Yes
868:Yes
846:Yes
843:Yes
821:Yes
818:Yes
796:Yes
793:Yes
783:Yes
759:Yes
756:Yes
751:Yes
744:Yes
730:Yes
727:Yes
720:Yes
717:Yes
700:Yes
697:Yes
689:Yes
677:Yes
674:Yes
671:Yes
668:Yes
663:Yes
660:Yes
657:Yes
647:Yes
640:Yes
631:Yes
621:Yes
618:Yes
615:Yes
608:Yes
605:Yes
602:Yes
588:Yes
585:Yes
567:Yes
561:Yes
555:Yes
545:Yes
538:Yes
535:Yes
532:Yes
529:Yes
526:Yes
516:Yes
513:Yes
510:Yes
504:Yes
501:Yes
498:Yes
495:Yes
485:Yes
482:Yes
479:Yes
476:Yes
473:Yes
468:Yes
456:Yes
453:Yes
448:Two
445:Yes
440:Yes
437:Yes
427:Yes
424:Yes
421:Yes
418:Yes
415:Yes
410:Yes
407:Yes
397:Yes
388:Yes
383:Yes
380:Yes
367:Exp
364:Exp
361:Ann
358:Ann
191:The
99:Mary
93:The
41:The
2231:Art
1243:by
1183:of
1103:'s
989:19
986:11
980:12
977:15
968:16
207:in
47:by
2405::
1510:,
1430:.
1155:.
1131:.
1004:,
983:9
974:8
960:1
953:1
950:4
211:.
133:,
129:,
125:,
82:,
74:,
70:,
66:,
55:).
2070:)
2066:(
1598:e
1591:t
1584:v
1440:.
226:.
51:(
34:.
20:)
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