Linear Pottery culture

974: 1044: 1128: 1753: 1212: 1140: 463: 244: 635: 1877:(12 sq mi). This structuring of settlements does not support a view that the LBK population had no social structure, or was anarchic. However, the structure remains obscure and interpretational. One long house may have supported one extended family, but the short lifespan would have precluded more than two generations. The houses required too much labor to be the residences of single families; consequently, communal houses are postulated. Though the known facts are tantalizing, the correct social interpretation of the layout of a long house and the arrangement of villages will have to wait for clearer evidence. At least some villages were 1176: 1717: 1813: 925: 1397: 1617:(NDT). According to Bocquet-Appel beginning from a stable population of "small connected groups exchanging migrants" among the "hunter-gatherers and horticulturalists" the LBK experienced an increase in birth rate caused by a "reduction in the length of the birth interval". The author hypothesizes a decrease in the weaning period made possible by division of labor. At the end of the LBK, the NDT was over and the population growth disappeared due to an increase in the mortality rate, caused, the author speculates, by new pathogens passed along by increased social contact. 1188: 3605:

signature is most similar to that of extant northern Europeans. … We found that compared to a worldwide set of 1638 individuals, all four Neolithic individuals clustered within European variation. … the Neolithic farmer clustered with southern Europeans but was differentiated from Levantine individuals. … Individuals from Turkey stand out because of low levels of allele sharing with both Neolithic groups, possibly due to gene flow from outside of Europe … the Neolithic farmer appears most related to extant Mediterranean European populations.

1068: 1777: 2039: 1200: 1597: 1587: 1164: 611: 1265: 53: 1405: 1152: 913: 1765: 1947: 1628:, traces the land use in detail and discovers the limiting factor. In the study region, 82% of the land is suitable for agriculture, 11% for grazing (even though wetland), and 7% steep slopes. The investigators found that the LBK occupied this land for about 400 years. They began with 14 settlements, 53 houses, and 318 people, using the wetlands for cattle pasture. Settlement gradually spread over the wetlands, reaching a maximum of 47 settlements, 122 houses, and 732 people in the late period. 1224: 1828:, sometimes alternating with split logs, with slanted, thatched roofs, supported by rows of poles, three across. The exterior wall of the home was solid and massive, oak posts being preferred. Clay for the daub was dug from pits near the house, which were then used for storage. Extra posts at one end may indicate a partial second story. Some LBK houses were occupied for as long as 30 years. Linear Pottery longhouses were the largest free-standing buildings in the world at the time. 1056: 1116: 1092: 1080: 623: 1741: 1104: 1805: 1793: 1605: 762: 753: 744: 3378:

the Neolithic expansion into Europe. … These results were confirmed by outgroup f3 statistics where, among modern-day groups, Kum6 shows the greatest genetic similarity to Sardinians, Greeks, and Cypriots … Modern-day Anatolian groups display a variety of admixture traces originating from groups in the Middle East, Central Asia, and Siberia, which cause Kum6 to be genetically more similar to modern-day Europeans than to modern-day Anatolians.

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is related to European populations, but with no apparent descendants amongst the modern population. The N1a evidence supports the notion that the descendants of LBK culture have lived in Europe for more than 7,000 years and have become an integral part of the current European population. The lack of mtDNA haplogroup U5 supports the notion that U5 at this time is uniquely associated with mesolithic European cultures.

647: 4642: 1729: 1285:, six belonged to the N1a branch, five belonged to the T branch, four belonged to the K(U8) branch, one belonged to the J branch, and one belonged to the U3 branch. All branches are extant in the current European population, although the K branch was present in roughly twice the percentages as would be found in Europe today (15% vs. 8% now.). 2021:

present a major study of the iconography and surviving beliefs of the European Neolithic, including the Linear Pottery culture. She was able to trace the unity of reproductive themes in cultural objects previously unsuspected of such themes. For example, the burial pits of the Linear Pottery culture,

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It is thought that these houses had no windows and only one doorway. The door was located at one end of the house. Internally, the house had one or two partitions creating up to three areas. Interpretations of the use of these areas vary. Working activities might be carried out in the better lit door

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An outstanding advocacy of complexity can be found in Hayden (1998) cited under External links, Models. Hayden discovers some of the limitations of Gimbutas' thought. His view was answered in detail in Marler (1999), External links, Models. The reader should be aware that all of Gimbutas' career was

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Burials beneath the floors of homes continued until about 4000 BC. However, in the Balkans and central Europe, the cemetery also came into use at about 5000 BC. LBK cemeteries contained from 20 to 200 graves arranged in groups that appear to have been based on kinship. Males and females of

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The LBK settlement at Vrable in Slovakia had an estimated 70 contemporaneous longhouses and a population of up to 1725 people at its peak in c. 5100 BC, making it one of the largest LBK settlements of the period. The longhouses were grouped into three 'neighbourhoods', one of which was surrounded by

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Pottery has been found in long houses, as well as in graves. Analysis of the home pottery reveals that each house had its own tradition. The occurrence of pottery primarily in female graves indicates the women of the long house probably made the pottery; in fact, lineages have been defined. Gimbutas

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These materials are evidence both of specialization of labor and commerce. The flint used came from southern Poland; the obsidian came from the Bükk and Tatra mountains. Settlements in those regions specialized in mining and manufacture. The products were exported to all the other LBK regions, which

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HVSI sequences with sequences of living individuals found three of them to correspond with those of individuals currently living in Europe. Two of the sequences corresponded to ancestral nodes predicted to exist or to have existed on the European branch of the phylogenetic tree. One of the sequences

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development out of the local Mesolithic cultures. Although the Starčevo-Körös entered southern Hungary about 6000 BC and the LBK spread very rapidly, there appears to be a hiatus of up to 500 years in which a barrier seems to have been in effect. Moreover, the cultivated species of the near and

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In one view, the AVK came "directly out of" the Körös. The brief, short-ranged Szatmár group on the northern edge of the Körös culture seems transitional. Some place it with the Körös, some with the AVK. The latter's pottery is decorated with white painted bands with incised edges. Körös pottery was

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pottery was earlier than the LBK and was located in a contiguous food-producing region, the early investigators looked for precedents there. Much of the Starčevo-Körös pottery features decorative patterns composed of convolute bands of paint: spirals, converging bands, vertical bands, and so on. The

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western EFs show strongest affinities with modern Sardinians, with the exception of one English (CarsPas1) and two Northwest Anatolian EFs (Bar8 and AKT16), who are found to cluster with modern individuals from other parts of Southern Europe. ... on the whole-genome MDS plot western EFs are closer

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Toward the end, the population suddenly dropped to initial levels, though much of the arable land was still available. The investigators concluded cattle were the main economic interest and available grazing land was the limiting factor in settlement. The Neolithic of the Middle East featured urban

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Although no significant population transfers were associated with the start of the LBK, population diffusion along the wetlands of the mature civilisation (about 5200 BC) had levelled the high percentage of the rare gene sequence mentioned above by the late LBK. The population was much greater

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As is presented above, however, no major population movements occurred across the border. The Körös went on into a late phase in its accustomed place, 5770–5230. The late Körös is also called the Proto-Vinča, which was succeeded by the Vinča-Tordo, 5390–4960. There is no necessity to view the Körös

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modern-day Anatolians carry signatures of several admixture events from different populations that have diluted this early Neolithic farmer component, explaining why modern-day Sardinian populations, instead of modern-day Anatolian populations, are genetically more similar to the people that drove

2013:

With the transition to the Neolithic, "the female principle continued to predominate the cultures that had grown up around the mysterious processes of birth and generation." The LBK, therefore, did not bring anything new spiritually to Europe, nor was the cult in any way localized to Europe. It is

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Data continue to be acquired and therefore any single analysis only serves as a rough guideline. Overall, it is probable that the Linear Pottery culture spanned several hundred years of continental European prehistory in the late sixth and early fifth millennia BC, with local variations. Data from

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Müller, Johannes; Müller-Scheeße, Nils; Cheben, Ivan; Wunderlich, Maria; Furholt, Martin (2020). "6.1 On the demographic development of the LBK and Zeliezovce settlement sites of Vrable and the Upper Zitava Valley". In Furholt, Martin; Cheben, Ivan; Müller, Johannes; Bistáková, Alena; Wunderlich,

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Easy access to fresh water also would have been mandatory, which is another reason why settlements were in bottom lands near water. A number of timber-built wells from the times have been discovered, with a log-cabin type lining constructed one layer at a time as the previous layers sank into the

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The rate at which it spread was no faster than the spread of the Neolithic in general. Accordingly, Dolukhanov and others postulate that an impulse from the steppe to the southeast of the barrier stimulated the Mesolithics north of it to innovate their own pottery. This view only accounts for the

1256:, and the similarity of the pottery to gourds, which did not grow in the north, seemed to be evidence of the immigration, as does the genetic evidence cited below. The lands into which they moved were believed untenanted or too sparsely populated by hunter-gatherers to be a significant factor. 3604:

We obtained 249 million base pairs of genomic DNA from ~5000-year-old remains of three hunter-gatherers and one farmer excavated in Scandinavia and find that the farmer is genetically most similar to extant southern Europeans, contrasting sharply to the hunter-gatherers, whose distinct genetic

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The early Neolithic in Europe featured burials of women and children under the floors of personal residences. Remains of adult males are missing. Probably, Neolithic culture featured sex discrimination in funerary customs, and women and children were important in ideology concerning the home.

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in southern Germany is one of the earliest known sites in the archaeological record that shows evidence of organised violence in Early Neolithic Europe, among various LBK tribes. Other speculations as to the reasons for violence between settlements include vengeance, conflicts over land and

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Long houses were gathered into villages of five to eight houses, spaced about 20 m (66 ft) apart, occupying 300–1,250 acres (120–510 ha). Nearby villages formed settlement cells, some as dense as 20 per 25 km (9.7 sq mi), others as sparse as one per 32 km

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Early farmers exhibit marked genetic similarities with modern-day southwestern Europeans, but not with modern-day groups from the Near and Middle East. The affinity of Neolithic Europeans to modern Southern Europeans is particularly pronounced for the population isolates of Sardinia and

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bordering indigenously inhabited areas appear to have not been in use for very long. The mass burial site at Schletz was also fortified, which serves as evidence of violent conflict among tribes and means that these fortifications were built as a form of defense against aggressors. The

1917:, including the skeletons of 26 adults and children who were killed by "devastating strikes to the head or arrow wounds." The skull fractures are classic signs of blunt force injuries caused by basic Stone Age weapons. Most of the known settlements, however, left no trace of violence. 935:

These are all characterised by finely crafted and decorated ware. The entire group is considered by the majority of the sources listed in this article to have been in the LBK. Before the chronology and many of the sites were known, the Bükk was thought to be a major variant; in fact,

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and the AVK as closely connected. The AVK economy is somewhat different: it used cattle and swine, both of which occur wild in the region, instead of the sheep of the Balkans and Mediterranean. The percentage of wild animal bones is greater. Barley, millet and lentils were added.

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trenches and a palisade. The remains of at least 313 longhouses have been found at the Vrable site. The remains of 300 longhouses have also been found at the settlement of Eythra in Germany, indicating a similar sized-population within the same time-frame as that at Vrable.

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concentrations of people subsisting mainly on grain. Beef and dairy products, however, were the mainstay of LBK diet. When the grazing lands were all in use, they moved elsewhere in search of them. As the relatively brief window of the LBK falls roughly in the centre of the

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end, the middle used for sleeping and eating and the end farthest from the door could have been used for grain storage. According to another view, the interior was divided in areas for sleeping, common life and a fenced enclosure at the back end for keeping animals.

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Middle: Musical Note pottery – the incised lines of the decoration are broken or terminated by punctures, or "strokes", giving the appearance of musical notes. The culture expanded to its maximum extent, and regional variants appeared. One variant is the late

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The works of Gimbutas listed in the Bibliography are sufficient to give the reader an overall view of her study. However, those interested in an immediately available comprehensive view from a Gimbutas supporter may access Marler (2005) under External links,

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The presence of such pits contemporaneously with the burial of women and children under the floors of houses suggests a multiplicity of religious convictions, as does the use of both cremation and inhumation. Some of the figurines are not of females, but are

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longhouses and over 80 graves were discovered. The rectangular longhouses were between 7 and 45 m (23 and 148 ft) long and between 5 and 7 m (16 and 23 ft) wide. They were built of massive timber posts chinked with wattle and daub mortar.

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Principal component (PCA) and ADMIXTURE analysis, shows that the Anatolian Neolithic samples do not resemble any present-day Near Eastern populations but are shifted towards Europe, clustering with Neolithic European farmers (EEF) from Germany, Hungary, and

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The Linear Pottery culture was not the only culture in prehistoric Europe. It is distinguished from the Neolithic cultures, which is done by dividing the Neolithic of Europe into chronological phases. These have varied a great deal. An approximation is:

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and Hungary. Supporting this view is the fact that the LBK appeared earliest about 5600–5400 BC on the middle Danube in the Starčevo range. Presumably, the expansion northwards of early Starčevo-Körös produced a local variant reaching the upper

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At around 5330 BC, the classical Alföld culture of the LBK appeared to the north of the Körös culture and flourished until about 4940. This time also is the Middle Neolithic. The Alföld culture has been abbreviated AVK from its Hungarian name,

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The name depends on specialized meanings of "linear" and "band", whether in English or in German. These words without the qualifiers do not describe the decoration. There are few bands going around the pottery and the lines are mainly not straight.

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just south of Vienna seems to document the transition to LBK. The site was densely settled in a long house pattern around 5550–5200. The lower layers feature Starčevo-type plain pottery, with large number of stone tools made of material from near

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Ditches went along part of the outer walls, especially at the enclosed end. Their purpose is not known, but they probably are not defensive works, as they were not much of a defense. More likely, the ditches collected waste water and rain water.

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surrounded by controversy, perhaps fueled by sexist allegations and counter-allegations. Nevertheless Marler and Hayden are professionals with something valuable to contribute, as are Renfrew and other protagonists of Gimbutas' ongoing debates.

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reflected in the vase paintings, figurines, graves and grave goods, and surviving customs and myths of Europe. In the north, the goddess could manifest herself as the mistress of animals, grain, distaff and loom, household, and life and death.

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In 2005, scientists successfully sequenced mtDNA coding region 15997–16409 derived from twenty-four 7,500- to 7,000-year-old human remains associated with the LBK culture. Of those remains, 22 were from locations in Germany near the

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found dairy fat residues in pottery dating as early as 7,400 years ago. Researchers analyzed residues from over 4,300 vessels recovered from 70 LBK archaeological sites. Milk use was detected in about 65% of these Neolithic sites.

1281:, while one was from Austria and one from Hungary. The scientists did not reveal the detailed hypervariable segment I (HVSI) sequences for all the samples, but identified that seven of the samples belonged to H or V branch of the 806:

The end of the early phase can be dated to its arrival in the Netherlands at about 5200 BC. The population there was already food-producing to some extent. The early phase went on there, but meanwhile the Music Note Pottery

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Dolukhanov under External links, Models. The numbers are stated in the abstract. Note that figures such as this although true given the parameters depend on data that was selected by the investigator and are best regarded as

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were the main materials used for points and cutting edges. There is no sign of metal. For example, they harvested with sickles manufactured by inserting flint blades into the inside of curved pieces of wood. One tool, the

1420:. They raised a mix of crops and associated weeds in small plots, an economy that Gimbutas called a "garden type of civilization". The difference between a crop and a weed in LBK contexts is the frequency. Crop foods are: 3545:

ancient Near Eastern farmers are genetically better represented by the current populations of central and western Mediterranean, such as the Sardinians and the Basques, than by the current populations of the Near

1904:

An earlier view saw the Linear Pottery culture as living a "peaceful, unfortified lifestyle". Since then, as well as settlements with palisades, weapon-traumatized skeletons have also been discovered, such as at

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shells. Female graves contained many of the same artifacts as male graves, but also most of the pottery and containers of ochre. The goods have been interpreted as gifts to the departed or personal possessions.

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Below are some relevant links to sites publishing current research or recapitulating recent thinking concerning the Neolithic of Europe. Many of the sites referenced contain links to other sites not mentioned

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The last phase is no longer the end of the Neolithic. A "Final Neolithic" has been added to the transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. All numbers depend to some extent on the geographic region.

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as early as 6100 BC. Hertelendi and others give a reevaluated date range of 5860–5330 for the Early Neolithic, 5950–5400 for the Körös. The Körös Culture went as far north as the edge of the upper

4200: 2801: 5448: 3859:

The numbers are from Gimbutas (1991) pp. 39–41. However, they are approximately the same as the numbers given by other researchers and can therefore be taken as true measurements within a tolerance.

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The Szakálhát group was located on the lower and middle Tisza and the Körös Rivers, taking the place of the previous Körös culture. Its pottery went on with the painted white bands and incised edge.

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Around 5100 or so, towards the end of the Middle Neolithic, the classical AVK descended into a complex of pronounced local groups called the Szakálhát-Esztár-Bükk, which flourished about 5260–4880:

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at about 5430–5040 BC; that is, 68.2% of possible dates allowed by variation of the major factors that influence measurement, calculation, and calibration fall within that range. The 95.4%

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maintained by the Linear Pottery culture population are poorly understood relative to beliefs and religions of historical periods. The extent to which prehistoric beliefs formed a systematic

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The reader may find a thorough recapitulation in Davidson (1998), whose chapter titles the above list repeats; however, the topic has received attention from many noted scholars and writers.

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A brief discussion of tools is to be found in Gimbutas (1991) p. 39, and a fuller presentation with pictures of the tool kit in Lodewijckx & Bakels (2005) under External links, People.

320:. It represents a major event in the initial spread of agriculture in Europe. The pottery consists of simple cups, bowls, vases, jugs without handles and, in a later phase, with pierced 1018:

middle eastern Neolithic do not do well over the Linear Pottery culture range. And finally, the Mesolithics in the region prior to the LBK used some domestic species, such as wheat and

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A number of cultures ultimately replaced the Linear Pottery culture over its range, but without a one-to-one correspondence between its variants and the replacing cultures. Some of the

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dates has been estimated for the LBK, making possible statistical analyses, which have been performed on different sample groups. One such analysis by Stadler and Lennais sets 68.2%

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A third theory attributes the start of Linear Pottery to an influence from the Mesolithic cultures of the east European plain. The pottery was used in intensive food gathering.

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to fell trees and to work wood. Augers were made of flint points tied to sticks that could be rotated. Scrapers and knives are found in abundance. The use of flint pieces, or

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in Germany. Whether it was the site of a massacre or of a martial ritual, the Herxheim remains demonstrate "systematic violence between groups". In 2015 a study published in

1914: 1824:, a rectangular structure, 5.5 to 7.0 m (18.0 to 23.0 ft) wide, of variable length; for example, a house at Bylany was 45 m (148 ft). Outer walls were 1636:, a maximum of temperature and rainfall, a conclusion that the spread of wetlands at that time encouraged the growth and spreading of the LBK is to some degree justified. 5069: 2067:

were practiced. The inhumed were placed in a flexed position in pits lined with stones, plaster, or clay. Cemeteries were close to, but distinct from, residential areas.

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and mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies. However subsequent studies based on full-genome analysis have found that the LBK population was similar genetically to modern

2082:, but the exact nature is not known. If the goods were gifts, then some were more honored than others; if they were possessions, then some were wealthier than others. 5333: 498:

LBK appears to imitate and often improve these convolutions with incised lines; hence the term, linear, to distinguish incised band ware from painted band ware.

477: 5285: 813:) phase of the Middle Linear Band Pottery culture appeared in Austria at about 5200 BC and moved eastward into Romania and the Ukraine. The late phase, or 8820: 2022:

which were lined with stone, clay, or plaster, may have been intended to represent eggs. The deceased returns to the egg, so to speak, there to await rebirth.

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The end of the Eastern Linear Pottery culture and the LBK is less certain. The Szakálhát-Esztár-Bükk descended into another Late Neolithic legacy complex, the

522:) and spread over about 1,500 km (930 mi) along the rivers in 360 years. The rate of expansion was therefore about 4 km (2.5 mi) per year. 4190: 2070:

The presence of grave goods indicates both a sex and a dominance discrimination. Male graves included stone celts, flint implements, and money or jewelry of

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well. Analysis of preserved wells has shown that the LBK culture possessed sophisticated carpentry skills and were capable of complex timber constructions.

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Shennan, Stephen; Edinborough, Kevan (2007). "Prehistoric population history: From the Late Glacial to the Late Neolithic in Central and Northern Europe".

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Trash was regularly removed and placed in external pits. The waste-producing work, such as hide preparation and flint-working, was done outside the house.

8845: 5449:"A comparison of early Neolithic crop and weed assemblages from the Linearbandkeramik and the Bulgarian Neolithic cultures: differences and similarities" 5210: 2859: 6881: 845:

roughly contemporaneously with, perhaps a few hundred years after, the Transdanubian. The great plain there (Hungarian Alföld) had been occupied by the

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The early or earliest Western Linear Pottery culture began conventionally at 5500 BC, possibly as early as 5700 BC, developed on the middle

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Haak, Wolfgang et al, Ancient DNA from the first European Farmers in 7,500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites, Vol. 310, Science, 11 November 2005, page 1018

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valley, leaped to the valley of the Dniester, and swerved southward from the middle Dniester to the lower Danube in eastern Romania, east of the

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at one point believed it to be identical with the Eastern Linear Pottery culture. Since 1991, the predominance of the Alföld has come to light.

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All individuals from the central Anatolian Neolithic were positioned within the genetic variation of present day southern European populations.

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are also recorded. Like farmers today, they may have used the better grain for themselves and the lower grades for the animals. The ubiquitous

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culture introduced it into the range of the future LBK from western Asia and south Russia. From there, it diffused throughout Europe in the

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Lipson et al. (2017) and Narasimhan et al. (2019) analyzed a large number of skeletons ascribed to the Linear Pottery Culture. Most of the

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The new population was sedentary up to the capacity of the land, and then the excess population moved to less-inhabited land. An in-depth

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Early Neolithic, 6000–5500. The first appearance of food-producing cultures in the south of the future Linear Pottery culture range: the

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must have had something to trade. This commerce is a strong argument for an ethnic unity between the scattered pockets of the culture.

3798: 973: 8790: 4659: 4103:"The development of pottery technology in Eythra from the Early Linear Pottery culture to the Late Stroke Ornamented Pottery culture" 1513:, or mixed crops. The lower-yield einkorn predominates over emmer, which has been attributed to its better resistance to heavy rain. 1139: 5264: 8761: 5389: 2539: 5346: 5094: 4646: 4214:

The massacre mass grave of Schöneck-Kilianstädten reveals new insights into collective violence in Early Neolithic Central Europe

1567: 4935: 5430:"Modelling the Intensity of Linear Pottery Land Use – An Example from the Mörlener Bucht in the Wetterau Basin, Hesse, Germany" 5179: 5077: 4740: 4146: 1529:) gave the LBK people the raw material of rope and cloth, which they no doubt manufactured at home as a cottage industry. From 998:

people. This small group began a new tradition of pottery, substituting engravings for the paintings of the Balkanic cultures.

17: 4956: 4033:"Contemporaneousness of Trackway Construction and Environmental Change: a Dendrochronological Study in Northwest-German Mires" 8805: 4730: 4572: 4550: 4492: 4445: 4419: 4397: 4378: 4359: 1776: 5513: 1716: 1650:(c. 5000 BC) suggests that prehistoric men from neighboring tribes were prepared to fight and kill each other in order to 1558:

are present here too, but scantly. Substantial wild faunal remains are found. The LBK supplemented their diets by hunting

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The pottery styles of the LBK allow some division of its window in time. Conceptual schemes have varied somewhat. One is:

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A 2010 study of ancient DNA suggested the LBK population had affinities to modern-day populations from the Near East and

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with local food production, which began to spread very rapidly throughout a range that was already producing some food.

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revealed a large, fortified settlement (dating to 4300 BC, i.e., Late LBK), covering an area of 4000m2. Nearly 30

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The initial LBK population theory hypothesized that the culture was spread by farmers moving up the Danube practicing

6644: 5550: 5289: 4625: 4085: 2901: 7547: 2295: 1010:, Hungary. Over the time frame, LBK pottery and animal husbandry increased, while the use of stone tools decreased. 8315: 7617: 6851: 6738: 5383:"The LBK Enclosure at Herxheim: Theatre of War or Ritual Centre? References from Osteoarchaeological Investigation" 4919: 1614: 1316:

have also been found to be more similar to modern southern Europeans than to modern Near Easterners or Anatolians.

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Golitko, M. & Keeley, L.H. (2007). "Beating ploughshares back into swords: warfare in the Linearbandkeramik."

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The LBK culture also built timber trackways, the remains of some of which have been preserved, for example at the

8785: 8506: 7263: 6654: 5692: 5506: 3917: 2186: 1764: 1698:", was made of a ground stone chisel blade tied to a handle, with shape and wear showing that they were used as 1624:

study by Ebersbach and Schade of an 18 km (6.9 sq mi) region in the wetlands region of Wetterau,

793:. It is sometimes called the Central European Linear Pottery (CELP) to distinguish it from the ALP phase of the 7507: 7380: 2829: 2596: 2275: 2090: 2078:

Only about 30% of the graves have goods. This circumstance has been interpreted as some sort of distinction in

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With some exceptions, population levels rose rapidly at the beginning of the Neolithic. This was followed by a

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culture on the northwest of the LBK range developed their own food production from native plants and animals.

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This article does not have space for all the names, but they can for the most part be found in the sources.

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Dolukhanov, Pavel; Shukurov, A; Gronenborn, D; Sokoloff, D; Timofeev, V; Zaitseva, G; et al. (2005).

1663:. Some of these theories related to the lack of resources are supported by the discovery that various LBK 5837: 5370: 4841:"The Iconography and Social Structure of Old Europe: The Archaeomythological Research of Marija Gimbutas" 2340: 2320: 1151: 823:(SBK), 5000–4500 BC) evolved in central Europe and went eastward, moving down the Vistula and Elbe. 803:, translated as "Transdanubian Linear Pottery". A number of local styles and phases of ware are defined. 447: 207: 870:, or ALP for Alföld Linear Pottery culture, the earliest variant of the Eastern Linear Pottery culture. 7139: 6940: 4609: 2631: 622: 8483: 7517: 4760: 3884: 7592: 7438: 7373: 6945: 6760: 4075: 1980:

model is the major one applied to the Neolithic of the middle and near east, the civilization of the

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The crop and weed information is indebted to Kreuz and others, cited under External links, Economy.

1965:

canon is also the subject of some debate. Nevertheless, comparative, detailed, scientific study of

1199: 1067: 65: 38: 6298: 6293: 4715: 1416:

The LBK people settled on fluvial terraces and in the proximity of rivers in regions with fertile

8309: 8174: 8116: 7824: 7251: 7161: 6333: 6100: 5919: 5852: 5584: 4864: 4840: 4412:

The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe 6500–3500 BC: Myths and Cult Images: New and Updated Edition

3020: 2811: 2751: 2729: 2621: 2160: 2156: 1812: 7365: 4679: 4031:

Achterberg, Inke; Bauerochse, Andreas; Giesecke, Thomas; Metzler, Alf; Leuschner, Hanns (2015).

470:

The term "Linear Band Ware" derives from the pottery's decorative technique. The "Band Ware" or

8228: 7834: 7454: 7339: 7213: 6710: 6698: 6394: 6135: 5974: 5611: 5545: 5529: 5021: 3288:"Genes mirror migrations and cultures in prehistoric Europe — a population genomic perspective" 2791: 2781: 2611: 2385: 1313: 1289: 1240: 728: 60: 7666: 4897: 3134:

The article by Kertész covers the research on the area and the concepts of hiatus and barrier.

3075:

External links, Places. These numbers are their 1σ range. For the tolerances, see the article.

2360: 1643:

of "enormous magnitude" after 5000 BC, with levels remaining low during the next 1,500 years.

948: 525:

The LBK was concentrated somewhat inland from the coastal areas; i.e., it is not evidenced in

7958: 7691: 7420: 7078: 7014: 6888: 6581: 6507: 6281: 6276: 6214: 6153: 6090: 6038: 6031: 5577: 5436: 2771: 2152: 1574: 1376: 1301: 565:, with the sites of Darion, Remicourt, Fexhe, or Waremme-Longchamps and at the mouths of the 451: 260: 7847: 6463: 5347:"An enclosed Bandkeramik village and cemetery from the 6th millennium BC near Vaihingen/Enz" 3817: 1728: 1706:, descended from the Mesolithic, while the ground stone is characteristic of the Neolithic. 1539:), introduced later from the Mediterranean, they may have manufactured palliative medicine. 1396: 912: 8524: 7893: 7857: 7714: 7527: 7344: 7295: 7290: 7273: 7268: 7246: 7036: 6750: 6603: 6495: 6399: 6192: 5877: 5676: 5619: 5463: 5310: 5214: 5140: 5123:"Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers" 5033: 4694: 3985: 3929: 3700: 3571: 3403: 3342: 3238: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2653: 2524: 2079: 1821: 1590: 1380: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1305: 965:

The origin of the culture must be distinguished from the origin of the people who used it.

831: 721: 691: 601: 340: 215: 31: 7482: 5847: 4543:

Placing Animals in the Neolithic: Social Zooarchaeology of Prehistoric Farming Communities

4213: 2265: 8: 7759: 7632: 7597: 7433: 7334: 6999: 6804: 6637: 6170: 6043: 5924: 5899: 5299:"Re-Evaluation of the Neolithic in Eastern Hungary Based on Calibrated Radiocarbon Dates" 5276: 3331:"Genomic Evidence Establishes Anatolia as the Source of the European Neolithic Gene Pool" 3176:"Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities" 2407: 2335: 2147: 2006: 1981: 1740: 1669: 1640: 671: 219: 211: 143: 7643: 7587: 7542: 7502: 7492: 5467: 5314: 5144: 5037: 4698: 3989: 3933: 3845:

Field Trials in Neolithic Woodworking – (Re)Learning to Use Early Neolithic Stone Adzes.

3759: 3704: 3575: 3407: 3346: 3242: 2330: 2290: 2270: 1672:

occurred at the same time as the massacre at Talheim and several other known massacres.

982: 846: 687: 494: 227: 8421: 8010: 7779: 7648: 7497: 7285: 7188: 7090: 6903: 6085: 5815: 5781: 5479: 5354: 5237: 5196: 5161: 5122: 5057: 4979: 4472: 4434: 4322: 4008: 3973: 3595: 3531: 3504: 3476: 3451: 3424: 3391: 3368: 3259: 3226: 3202: 3175: 2892:

Brief recognition of his authorship is given in English by Fagan, Brian Murray (1996),

2722: 2694: 2442: 2432: 2142: 1997: 1926: 1655: 1535: 1409: 1115: 1091: 1079: 1055: 663: 8240: 7681: 7522: 3108: 2380: 2285: 1014: 376: 8627: 8610: 8439: 8428: 8410: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8378: 8363: 8337: 8322: 7967: 7913: 7904: 7327: 7317: 7307: 7256: 6913: 6831: 6125: 6110: 6095: 6075: 5966: 5945: 5756: 5599: 5242: 5201: 5166: 5049: 4983: 4947: 4911: 4863:. Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana. Archived from 4787:. Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana. Archived from 4726: 4621: 4568: 4546: 4488: 4441: 4415: 4393: 4374: 4355: 4335: 4102: 4081: 4032: 4013: 3737: 3587: 3536: 3481: 3429: 3360: 3307: 3264: 3207: 2897: 2766: 2699: 2492: 2457: 2402: 2245: 2176: 2086: 1966: 1647: 1633: 1462:

Species that are found so rarely as to warrant classification as possible weeds are:

1340: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1103: 862:

Mountains were intensively occupied by Mesolithics thriving on the flint tool trade.

427: 185: 7607: 5483: 5187: 5061: 4748: 4309: 4150: 3599: 3372: 2038: 1304:. The study also found some unique features, such as the prevalence of the now-rare 439: 199: 8740: 8614: 8358: 8293: 8207: 8160: 8097: 8015: 7878: 7774: 7686: 7567: 7552: 7396: 7322: 7229: 6972: 6755: 6555: 6475: 6431: 6231: 6053: 5904: 5864: 5471: 5318: 5232: 5224: 5156: 5148: 5127: 5041: 4987: 4971: 4825: 4808: 4702: 4613: 4504:"Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Northwestern Part of the Great Hungarian Plain" 4455: 4331: 4304: 4293: 4044: 4003: 3993: 3896: 3708: 3579: 3526: 3516: 3471: 3463: 3419: 3411: 3350: 3299: 3254: 3246: 3197: 3187: 2807: 2659: 2606: 2507: 2497: 2487: 2482: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2300: 2240: 2233: 2228: 2218: 2203: 2132: 1596: 1586: 1002: 667: 481: 408: 360: 302: 298: 131: 85: 7676: 6814: 6770: 5265:"New prospects for the study of Early Neolithic longhouses in the Polish Lowlands" 5262: 2375: 8653: 8632: 8567: 8517: 8327: 8253: 7739: 7612: 7572: 7428: 7203: 7173: 6935: 6863: 6841: 6799: 6694: 6664: 6529: 6524: 6175: 6058: 5629: 5136: 4603: 4599: 4467: 4429: 4407: 4124: 3998: 3192: 2786: 2761: 2756: 2626: 2517: 2422: 2365: 2260: 2213: 2166: 2137: 2018: 1825: 1309: 1264: 995: 937: 558: 550: 480:(1831–1898). The earliest generally accepted name in English was the Danubian of 443: 368: 275: 203: 135: 8188: 7653: 5446: 5180:"The Interaction Between Early Farmers and Indigenous People in Central Belgium" 4999: 4854:"The Neolithic Transition in Europe: archaeological models and genetic evidence" 4656:

Halle State Museum of Prehistory (video in German – English subtitles available)

3660:"Pioneering research directly dates the earliest milk use in prehistoric Europe" 3560:"Origins and genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers and hunter-gatherers in Europe" 2616: 1404: 955: 902: 888:

The Esztár group to the north featured pottery with bands painted in dark paint.

794: 8744: 8671: 8591: 8444: 8298: 7562: 7557: 7512: 7477: 7467: 7312: 7239: 7061: 7026: 6957: 6846: 6718: 6426: 6011: 6001: 5822: 5803: 5263:

Czerniak, Lech; Raczkowski, Wlodzimierz; Sosnowski, Wojciech (September 2003).

4799:

Hayden, Brian (1998). "An Archaeological Evaluation of the Gimbutas Paradigm".

4347: 3467: 2926:"Vita-Poshtova 2 – New The Easternmost Site of The Linear Band Pottery Culture" 2512: 2502: 2477: 2447: 2417: 2412: 2345: 2325: 2305: 2280: 2255: 2208: 1977: 1695: 1274: 1246: 344: 75: 52: 8192: 7622: 7412: 5475: 5323: 5298: 5116:

Graphic reconstruction of the Linear Pottery: Everyday life by Karol Schauer 4

5111:

Graphic reconstruction of the Linear Pottery: Everyday life by Karol Schauer 3

5106:

Graphic reconstruction of the Linear Pottery: Everyday life by Karol Schauer 1

5022:"Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites" 4706: 4653: 4191:"Mass grave reveals prehistoric warfare in ancient European farming community" 3712: 3415: 3355: 3330: 3303: 2957:

The Interaction Between Early Farmers and Indigenous People in Central Belgium

1946: 981:

The earliest theory of Linear Pottery culture origin is that it came from the

646: 8779: 8496: 7819: 7814: 7799: 7794: 7769: 7671: 7661: 7627: 7582: 7577: 7532: 7487: 7472: 7462: 7198: 7183: 7129: 7107: 7004: 6992: 6908: 6777: 6659: 6620: 6608: 6596: 6308: 6219: 6148: 5889: 5832: 5810: 5719: 5651: 5646: 5624: 5288:. cultural heritage activities and institutes network (CHAIN). Archived from 5099: 4560: 4529: 4343: 3741: 2990:

Hertelendi and others (1995) under External links, Places, especially p. 242.

2776: 2561: 2437: 2427: 2370: 2355: 2350: 2250: 2223: 2181: 1958: 1950: 1939: 1664: 1493: 1438: 1336: 944: 716:

Early: The Eastern and Western LBK cultures, originating on the middle Danube

412: 235: 231: 223: 5739: 5228: 5045: 4518: 4049: 3583: 3559: 3287: 8749: 8716: 8702: 8696: 8585: 8573: 8415: 8352: 8347: 8213: 7842: 7804: 7789: 7734: 7602: 7401: 7117: 7073: 7054: 7009: 6809: 6733: 6490: 6485: 6441: 6068: 5950: 5914: 5894: 5746: 5724: 5636: 5246: 5170: 5053: 4829: 4195: 4017: 3591: 3540: 3485: 3433: 3364: 3311: 3268: 3211: 2712: 2566: 2452: 2191: 1989: 1870: 1864: 1007: 842: 597: 573:. Evidently, the Neolithics and Mesolithics were not excluding each other. 7166: 4812: 4617: 3521: 247:

Map showing the Neolithic expansions from the 7th to the 5th millennium BC

8433: 8233: 8032: 7862: 7749: 7709: 7156: 7146: 7102: 7097: 7049: 6987: 6950: 6923: 6824: 6794: 6669: 6591: 6512: 6500: 6261: 6246: 6236: 6207: 6165: 6080: 6048: 5996: 5929: 5766: 5641: 5498: 3974:"Early Neolithic Water Wells Reveal the World's Oldest Wood Architecture" 2802:

Middle interglacial (Atlantic) and history of the Central European Forest

2027: 1970: 1278: 1023: 585: 562: 554: 431: 5152: 3818:"7,000-year-old mass grave in Slovakia may hold human sacrifice victims" 3250: 678:

Belgium indicate a late survival of LBK there, as late as 4100 BC.

8708: 8659: 8529: 8455: 8267: 8183: 7300: 7193: 7151: 6967: 6930: 6893: 6789: 6376: 6288: 6115: 6016: 5989: 5909: 5707: 5661: 5572: 5540: 5447:

Kreuz, Angela; Marinova, Elena; Schäfer, Eva; Wiethold, Julian (2005).

4936:"Transhumance at the early Neolithic settlement at Vaihingen (Germany)" 2796: 2669: 2556: 2551: 2529: 2310: 2117: 2094: 2064: 2030:. Perhaps the beliefs of Europeans of any culture always were complex. 2001: 1993: 1848: 1844: 1804: 1792: 1703: 1604: 1501: 761: 752: 743: 546: 380: 321: 147: 163: 8271: 8042: 7944: 7809: 7208: 6977: 6962: 6560: 6545: 6470: 6453: 6371: 6256: 6197: 6187: 6182: 6105: 5984: 5872: 5798: 5565: 5555: 5399: 5331: 4886:"Zur Absolutchronologie der Linearbandkeramik aufgrund von 14C-Daten" 4680:"The Chronology of Neolithic Dispersal in Central and Eastern Europe" 4414:. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 27. 2109: 2060: 2043: 1897: 1878: 1563: 1400:

Linear pottery culture settlement at Hienheim, Germany (5th mill. BC)

1312:, and did not resemble modern Near Eastern or Anatolian populations. 1251: 701:

Middle Neolithic, 5500–5000. Early and Middle Linear Pottery culture.

538: 264: 4677: 4072: 3901: 3799:"Mass grave reveals organised violence among Europe's first farmers" 841:

The Eastern Linear Pottery culture developed in eastern Hungary and

400: 159: 8722: 8471: 8461: 8280: 8275: 8125: 8005: 7754: 6982: 6918: 6765: 6723: 6458: 6366: 6241: 6063: 6026: 6006: 5219: 4975: 4957:"Paleoanthropological Traces of a Neolithic Demographic Transition" 4565:

Archaeology and Language : The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins

4030: 2689: 2591: 2581: 2571: 2546: 2534: 2171: 1962: 1690: 1297: 704:

Late Neolithic, 5000–4500. Late Linear Pottery and legacy cultures.

396: 384: 336: 151: 3125:

Price, pages 13–16, gives an overview of the theory's development.

2097:

that contained the scattered remains of at least 450 individuals.

1935: 416: 8726: 8642: 8604: 8552: 8331: 8257: 8246: 8179: 8156: 8019: 7395: 7044: 6836: 6782: 6728: 6550: 6356: 6266: 6120: 6021: 5979: 5842: 5761: 5714: 5702: 2860:"Giant 7,000-Year-Old 'Religious' Structures Found near Łysomice" 2664: 2576: 1889: 947:, which is either not LBK or is transitional from the LBK to the 850: 790: 774: 695: 589: 570: 542: 530: 526: 519: 515: 511: 388: 372: 364: 356: 352: 155: 139: 127: 4440:. San Francisco: HarperCollins Publishers (HarperSanFrancisco). 4320:

Christensen, Jonas (2004). "Warfare in the European Neolithic".

4280:

This section is heavily indebted to Gimbutas (1991) pp. 331–332.

892: 859: 510:

It began in regions of densest occupation on the middle Danube (

8689: 8646: 8557: 8387: 8383: 8302: 8025: 8000: 7986: 7764: 7729: 7724: 7112: 6649: 6627: 6480: 6416: 6361: 5751: 5729: 5697: 5671: 4918:

for the sample frequency per year. The latter is also given at

4641: 3505:"Circum-Saharan Prehistory through the Lens of mtDNA Diversity" 2047: 1985: 1893: 1660: 1651: 1543: 1510: 1479: 1470: 1456: 986: 770: 593: 534: 476:

part of it began as an innovation of the German archaeologist,

420: 328: 309: 171: 167: 5197:"The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia" 3392:"The Demographic Development of the First Farmers in Anatolia" 1957:

As is true of all prehistoric cultures, the details of actual

8597: 8579: 8342: 8262: 8063: 8058: 8053: 7996: 7991: 7744: 7178: 6898: 6632: 6586: 6448: 6303: 6251: 5827: 5793: 4820:

Marler, Joan (1999). "A Response to Brian Hayden's article".

3972:

Tegel W, Elburg R, Hakelberg D, Stäuble H, Büntgen U (2012).

2684: 2674: 1686: 1625: 1551: 1530: 1428: 1417: 1344: 1320: 991: 855: 778: 577: 332: 317: 123: 5380: 5353:. Schalk, Emily (trans.). Wolfgang M. Werner. Archived from 5087:"Early European mtDNA: only mysterious if you want it to be" 3775: 3773: 3227:"Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians" 1843:

goes so far as to assert, "The indirect results indicate an

576:

The LBK at maximum extent ranged from about the line of the

8489: 8048: 8037: 7719: 7124: 7085: 6565: 6421: 6351: 6271: 6143: 5656: 3971: 2198: 2085:

These practices are contrasted to mass graves, such as the

2004:

man and was responsible for many works of art, such as the

1699: 1559: 1547: 1522: 1514: 1019: 786: 782: 731:– lines of punctures are substituted for the incised lines. 581: 566: 313: 5427: 5402:"Cimetière rubané à Millen? (Belgique, prov. du Limbourg)" 6436: 6202: 6160: 4775: 4147:"Linearbandkeramik Culture – The First Farmers of Europe" 3770: 1621: 1555: 1487: 1447: 5400:

Lodewijckx, Marc; Waegeman, Tony; Barten, Merle (1989).

5177: 5066:

No charge for abstract. The article is also reviewed by

4934:

Bentley, R. Alexander; Knipper, Corina (December 2005).

4605:

The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective

4436:

The Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe

4149:. Archaeology.about.com. 17 January 2013. Archived from 4101:

Mecking, Oliver; Hohle, Isabel; Wolfram, Sabine (2017).

4778:"Modelling the Neolithic Dispersal in Northern Eurasia" 4392:. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. 1268:

Linear band ceramic culture burial site (Grave 41 site)

994:

that may have well been created by contact with native

7943: 4933: 4747:. Ljubljana University, Slovenia. 2003. Archived from 4584:

Häuser und absolute Datierung der Ältesten Bandkeramik

3729:"Neolithic men were prepared to fight for their women" 3622: 3169: 3167: 1646:

Investigation of the Neolithic skeletons found in the

1249:

methods. The presence of the Mediterranean sea shell,

891:

The Szilmeg group was located in the foothills of the

27:

Major archaeological horizon of the European Neolithic

4462:. New York: the New American Library (a Mentor Book). 4315:. New York: the New American Library (a Mentor Book). 1873:(Germany), dated to c. 4630–4550 BC (trackway Pr31). 553:

runs. There are lighter concentrations of LBK in the

3967: 3965: 3959:

under External links, People, describes an LBK well.

3885:"Recent research on early farming in central Europe" 3491:

to some other Southern Europeans than to Sardinians.

545:. The northern coastal regions remained occupied by 308:

Most cultural evidence has been found on the middle

5211:

American Association for the Advancement of Science

4761:"How Middle Eastern Milk Drinkers Conquered Europe" 4303: 4100: 3164: 3109:"Neolithic Double-faced pot, Hungary, 5200-4900 BC" 3013:"Chronology of North, Central and Southern Germany" 2882:

Die Grabhügel von Leubingen, Sömmerda und Nienstädt

2857: 1816:

Fortified settlement at Künzing-Unternberg, Germany

596:down to the big bend. An extension ran through the 5000:"The Neolithic Mosaic on the North European Plain" 4955:Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre (August–October 2002). 4883: 4471: 4433: 4308: 3727: 3690: 3610: 3452:"The genomic origins of the world's first farmers" 1808:Dresden-Nickern, Germany, settlement model, detail 1509:The emmer and the einkorn were sometimes grown as 898:The Tiszadob group was located in the Sajó Valley. 858:and stopped. North of it the Alföld plain and the 797:culture. In Hungarian, it tends to be called DVK, 484:. Most names in English are attempts to translate 4478:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 4454: 4387: 3962: 1033:pottery; presumably, the Mesolithics combined it 8777: 5186:. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Archived from 4428: 4406: 1542:The LBK people were stock-raisers as well, with 5361: 5004:The article includes an extensive bibliography. 4758: 4581: 3760:"German mass grave records prehistoric warfare" 1931:Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe 1911:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1881:for some time with a palisade and outer ditch. 798: 5381:Orschiedt, Joerg; Haidle, Miriam Noel (2006). 5351:Archaeological Excavation in Baden-Wurttemberg 5332:Körös Regional Archaeological Project (2007). 4654:Reconstruction of a Neolithic longhouse (2021) 4559: 4180:Orschiedt (2006) under External links, Places. 3843:R. Elburg, W. Hein, A. Probst and P. Walter, 3089:Hertelendi and others, External links, Places. 8821:Archaeological cultures in the Czech Republic 7929: 7381: 5514: 5428:Ebersbach, Renate; Schade, Christoph (2003). 4954: 4528: 4466: 3292:Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 3143:Dolukhanov and others (2005) pages 1453–1457. 2730: 1685:The tool kit was appropriate to the economy. 5195:Narasimhan, Vagheesh M. (6 September 2019). 4904:Zur Absolutchronologie der Linearbandkeramik 4847:. 2nd World Congress on Matriarchal Studies. 4342: 4125:"Archaeological Research at Oslonki, Poland" 818: 808: 485: 471: 5076:. American Chemical Society. Archived from 5020:Haak, Wolfgang; others (11 November 2005). 4776:Dolukhanov, Pavel; Shukurov, Anvar (2003). 4319: 4300:, William Morrow and Company, many editions 4063:Krause (1998) under External links, places. 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 2998: 2996: 1331:and subclades of it, beside few samples of 505: 8846:Archaeological cultures in the Netherlands 7936: 7922: 7388: 7374: 5528: 5521: 5507: 5336:. Florida State University. Archived from 5296: 5283: 5194: 5019: 3628: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2737: 2723: 2017:The works of the noted late archaeologist 51: 30:"LBK" redirects here. For other uses, see 5322: 5236: 5218: 5178:Lodewijckx, Marc; Bakels, Corrie (2005). 5160: 5010:"mtDNA of early central European farmers" 4725:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4716:"Europe's First Farmers: an Introduction" 4540: 4048: 4007: 3997: 3900: 3855: 3853: 3796: 3725: 3530: 3520: 3475: 3423: 3354: 3258: 3224: 3201: 3191: 2981:KRAP (2007) under External Links, Places. 2923: 2890:Charakteristik und Zeitfolge der Keramik. 1988:. The iconography was inherited from the 592:, and southward to the line of the upper 5388:. University of Tübingen. Archived from 5007: 4851: 4368: 3815: 3557: 3027: 2993: 2858:Szymon Zdziebłowski (28 November 2019). 2037: 1945: 1934: 1811: 1803: 1791: 1603: 1595: 1585: 1403: 1395: 1263: 972: 461: 242: 5102:reviews and comments on three articles. 4997: 4598: 4501: 3918:"The spread of early farming in Europe" 3915: 3882: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3285: 3085: 3083: 3081: 2966: 407:on the middle Elbe. In 2019, two large 14: 8866:Archaeological cultures in Switzerland 8778: 5407:. Notae Praehistoricae. Archived from 5344: 5120: 4838: 4819: 4798: 4203:from the original on 18 February 2023. 3850: 3847:Experimental Archaeology, Issue 2015/2 3616: 3502: 3449: 3389: 1787: 1581: 411:complexes were discovered east of the 7917: 7369: 6692: 6331: 5597: 5502: 5435:. University of Basel. Archived from 5362:Louwe Kooijmans, Leendert P. (1976). 5297:Hertelendi, Ede; et al. (1995). 5084: 5067: 4713: 4534:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 4482: 4390:Chronologies in Old World Archaeology 4080:. Sidestone Press. pp. 493–502. 4074:Maria; Müller-Scheeßel, Nils (eds.). 3748:from the original on 12 January 2022. 3328: 2842: 2093:. Herxheim was a ritual center and a 849:of "gracile Mediterraneans" from the 6693: 5456:Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 4532:(1997). "Linear Band Ware Culture". 3862: 3681:2003, under External links, Economy. 3173: 3078: 1408:Neolithic longhouse reconstruction, 1347:extracted were various subclades of 8861:Archaeological cultures in Slovakia 8796:5th-millennium BC disestablishments 5369:. Leiden University. Archived from 2894:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology 2886:Voraufgehend: allgemeine Einleitung 2033: 1973:has led to the proposal of models. 1675: 1300:, such as an overall prevalence of 1259: 905:group was located in the mountains. 735: 24: 8871:Archaeological cultures in Ukraine 8856:Archaeological cultures in Romania 8841:Archaeological cultures in Moldova 8836:Archaeological cultures in Hungary 8831:Archaeological cultures in Germany 8816:Archaeological cultures in Belgium 8811:Archaeological cultures in Austria 7945:Chronology of the Neolithic period 5364:"The Neolithic at the Lower Rhine" 4592: 4077:Archaeology in the Zitava valley I 3797:Schulting, Rick (17 August 2015). 3174:Haak, Wolfgang (9 November 2010). 549:cultures exploiting the then rich 529:or the northern coastal strips of 25: 8887: 8851:Archaeological cultures in Poland 8826:Archaeological cultures in France 8801:Archaeological cultures of Europe 7905:↓ Bronze Age Europe ↓ 7413:↑ Mesolithic Europe ↑ 6645:Megalithic architectural elements 5121:Lipson, Mark (16 November 2017). 5070:"The Origins of Modern Europeans" 4884:Stadler, P.; Lenneis, E. (1996). 4687:Journal of Archaeological Science 4635: 3693:Journal of Archaeological Science 3152:Clark & Piggott, pp. 240–246. 1913:detailed findings at a site near 1613:by then, a phenomenon termed the 8791:6th-millennium BC establishments 6332: 5284:Domoróczki, László, ed. (2006). 5018:Dienekes summarizes and reviews 4640: 4336:10.1111/j.0065-001X.2004.00014.x 4037:Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica 3816:Metcalfe, Tom (3 October 2022). 3726:Highfield, Roger (2 June 2008). 1782:Small bone chisel reconstruction 1775: 1763: 1751: 1739: 1727: 1715: 1615:Neolithic demographic transition 1222: 1210: 1198: 1186: 1174: 1162: 1150: 1138: 1126: 1114: 1102: 1090: 1078: 1066: 1054: 1042: 923: 911: 760: 751: 742: 657: 645: 633: 621: 609: 7264:Evolutionary origin of religion 5334:"The Archaeological Background" 4763:. Spiegel Online International. 4608:. Cambridge World Archaeology. 4286: 4274: 4264: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4227: 4218: 4207: 4183: 4174: 4165: 4139: 4117: 4094: 4066: 4057: 4024: 3949: 3940: 3909: 3876: 3837: 3828: 3809: 3790: 3752: 3719: 3684: 3675: 3666: 3652: 3643: 3634: 3551: 3496: 3443: 3383: 3322: 3279: 3218: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3128: 3119: 3101: 3092: 3069: 3056: 3047: 3005: 2187:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period 4721:. In Price, T. Douglas (ed.). 4567:. Cambridge University Press. 4487:. New York: Barnes&Noble. 4485:The Cult of the Mother-Goddess 4369:Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1998). 2984: 2949: 2940: 2917: 2907: 2874: 2851: 2830:Pannonian basin before Hungary 1820:The unit of residence was the 588:) eastward to the line of the 196:Stroke-ornamented ware culture 13: 1: 7884:Secondary products revolution 6877:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 6407:British megalith architecture 4541:Marciniak, Arkadiusz (2005). 4371:Roles of the Northern Goddess 4354:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 3672:2002, External links, People. 3066:under External links, Places. 2836: 2391:Neolithic Southeastern Europe 1327:and subclades of it, some to 1234: 268: 102: 95: 8806:Neolithic cultures of Europe 8762:Historical Ancient Near East 6872:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 6412:Nordic megalith architecture 5420: 5184:Western European Archaeology 4785:Documenta Praehistorica XXXI 3999:10.1371/journal.pone.0051374 3193:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000536 2059:any age were included. Both 1013:A second theory proposes an 800:Dunántúl Vonaldíszes Kerámia 690:of southern Hungary and the 7: 5014:Dienekes' Anthropology Blog 4861:Documenta Praehistorica XXX 2946:External links, Dates below 2930:Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 2924:Gaskevych, Dmytro. (2006). 2896:, Oxford University Press, 2542: in the Gulf of Cambay 2100: 2091:Herxheim archeological site 1920: 1680: 1600:Neolithic longhouse, detail 1391: 1314:Neolithic Anatolian farmers 868:Alföldi Vonaldíszes Kerámia 847:Starčevo-Körös-Criş culture 777:, and was carried down the 316:, and the upper and middle 208:Cucuteni-Trypillian culture 182:Starčevo–Kőrös–Criș culture 10: 8892: 8670: 7020:British Isles and Brittany 6941:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 4714:Price, T. Douglas (2000). 4670: 4660:The People from Longhouses 4610:Cambridge University Press 4388:Ehrich, Robert W. (1965). 3468:10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.008 3002:Gimbutas (1991) pp. 35–45. 2632:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic 2296:Gumelnița–Karanovo culture 2276:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture 1924: 1796:Dresden-Nickern, Germany, 1770:Bone chisel reconstruction 1659:resources, and kidnapping 1386: 1238: 968: 960: 953: 836: 825: 628:The Danube bend in Hungary 281:, it is also known as the 36: 29: 8758: 8748: 8715: 8686: 8682: 8625: 8571: 8540: 8515: 8494: 8482: 8448: 8437: 8426: 8408: 8391: 8376: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8335: 8320: 8307: 8291: 8279: 8261: 8252: 8239: 8226: 8200: 8187: 8172: 8155: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 7975: 7951: 7902: 7871: 7833: 7700: 7453: 7439:First Temperate Neolithic 7419: 7410: 7222: 7035: 6862: 6709: 6705: 6688: 6574: 6538: 6387: 6344: 6340: 6327: 6134: 5965: 5938: 5863: 5789: 5780: 5685: 5610: 5606: 5598: 5593: 5536: 5476:10.1007/s00334-005-0080-0 5324:10.1017/S0033822200030691 5255: 4926: 4896:(2): 4–13. Archived from 4852:Richards, Martin (2003). 4768: 4707:10.1016/j.jas.2005.03.021 4474:Prehistoric Man in Europe 4171:Gimbutas (1991) page 143. 3713:10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.031 3558:Skoglund, Pontus (2012). 3416:10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.057 3356:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.019 3304:10.1016/j.gde.2016.09.004 3286:Gunther, Torsten (2016). 3042:The Earliest Bandkeramik. 2000:, which was inhabited by 1798:Stroke-ornamented culture 828:Stroke-ornamented pottery 399:on the upper Danube; and 191: 177: 111: 91: 81: 71: 59: 50: 5345:Krause, Rüdiger (1998). 4876: 4759:Matthias Schulz (2010). 4741:"10th Neolithic Seminar" 4582:Stäuble, Harald (2005). 4502:Kertész, Róbert (2002). 4224:James Chapter 1 page 13. 3225:Mathieson, Iain (2015). 3113:europeanvirtualmuseum.it 3017:www.comp-archaeology.org 1652:capture and secure women 1193:Bone and shell jewellery 1169:Spondylus shell bracelet 945:Tisza-Hérpály-Csöszhalom 662:A significant number of 616:Danube lands near Vienna 506:Geography and chronology 327:Important sites include 272: 5500–4500 BC 39:Old Europe (archaeology) 8310:Pre-Pottery Neolithic C 8175:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 8117:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A 7825:Unchambered long barrow 7252:Evolutionary musicology 6655:Oldest extant buildings 6582:Archaeological features 6101:Prepared-core technique 5229:10.1126/science.aat7487 5046:10.1126/science.1118725 5002:. Princeton University. 4998:Bogucki, Peter (2004). 4890:Archäologie Österreichs 4822:The Virtual Pomegranate 4801:The Virtual Pomegranate 4545:. Routledge Cavendish. 4050:10.24916/iansa.2015.1.2 3916:Bogucki, Peter (1996). 3889:Documenta Praehistorica 3883:Bogucki, Peter (2001). 3584:10.1126/science.1216304 3390:Kılınç, Gülşah (2016). 2752:Cardium pottery culture 2622:Philippine jade culture 2341:Shulaveri–Shomu culture 2261:Cardium pottery culture 1634:Atlantic climate period 1283:mtDNA phylogenetic tree 977:Anthropomorphic vessel. 951:, a successor culture. 457: 312:, the upper and middle 8786:Linear Pottery culture 8542:Linear Pottery culture 7444:Linear Pottery culture 7214:Unchambered long cairn 7062:Mound Builders culture 6395:Neolithic architecture 5530:Prehistoric technology 4830:10.1558/pome.v13i10.37 4735:. Hardcover Softcover. 4723:Europe's First Farmers 4647:Linear Pottery culture 4330:(142, 144, 136): 129. 4107:Archeologicke Rozhledy 3640:Gimbutas (1991) p. 38. 2961:External links, People 2792:Little Hungarian Plain 2782:Haplogroup N1a (mtDNA) 2612:Jeulmun pottery period 2386:Neolithic Transylvania 2316:Linear Pottery culture 2051: 1954: 1943: 1915:Schöneck-Kilianstädten 1817: 1809: 1801: 1609: 1601: 1593: 1413: 1401: 1269: 1241:Early European Farmers 1157:Anthropomorphic vessel 978: 930:Pottery reconstruction 819: 809: 799: 795:Eastern Linear Pottery 674:is 5600–4750 BC. 537:, or the coast of the 486: 472: 467: 261:archaeological horizon 253:Linear Pottery culture 248: 46:Linear Pottery culture 18:Linear pottery culture 7959:Pre-Pottery Neolithic 6889:List of Stone Age art 6091:Microblade technology 6039:Langdale axe industry 5637:Ard / plough 5442:on 27 September 2007. 5414:on 28 September 2011. 5395:on 27 September 2007. 5292:on 29 September 2007. 5275:(297). Archived from 5080:on 27 September 2006. 4946:(306). Archived from 4870:on 27 September 2007. 4839:Marler, Joan (2005). 4813:10.1558/pome.v13i6.35 4794:on 27 September 2007. 4649:at Wikimedia Commons 4618:10.1017/9781108386029 4524:on 27 September 2007. 4352:Prehistoric Societies 3957:The Oldest Dated Well 3873:Marciniak, Chapter 1. 3522:10.3390/genes13030533 3503:Diallo, Mame (2022). 3450:Marchi, Nina (2022). 2772:Great Hungarian Plain 2041: 1949: 1938: 1815: 1807: 1795: 1734:Stone axes and sickle 1607: 1599: 1589: 1575:University of Bristol 1505:, broad or field bean 1407: 1399: 1267: 976: 954:Further information: 826:Further information: 478:Friedrich Klopfleisch 465: 297:, falling within the 246: 8525:Tepe Muhammad Djafar 7894:Proto-Indo-Europeans 7858:Neolithic long house 7715:Causewayed enclosure 7296:Prehistoric medicine 7291:Prehistoric counting 7274:Prehistoric religion 7269:Paleolithic religion 7247:Behavioral modernity 6604:Causewayed enclosure 6496:Abri de la Madeleine 5620:Neolithic Revolution 5340:on 11 February 2007. 5085:Hawks, John (2005). 4964:Current Anthropology 4483:James, E.O. (1994). 3329:Omrak, Ayça (2016). 2880:Klopfleisch (1882), 2825:Old European culture 2654:Neolithic Revolution 1654:. The mass grave at 1573:A 2022 study by the 832:Bug-Dniester culture 773:, including western 722:Bug-Dniester culture 324:, bases, and necks. 295:Incised Ware culture 267:period, flourishing 216:Funnelbeaker culture 32:LBK (disambiguation) 7760:Megalithic entrance 7638:Starčevo–Körös–Criș 7434:Corded Ware culture 7335:Prehistoric warfare 6081:Magdalenian culture 6044:Levallois technique 5975:Earliest toolmaking 5468:2005VegHA..14..237K 5315:1995Radcb..37..239H 5153:10.1038/nature24476 5145:2017Natur.551..368L 5068:Kling, Jim (2005). 5038:2005Sci...310.1016H 5032:(5750): 1016–1018. 4993:on 18 October 2005. 4699:2005JArSc..32.1441D 4536:. Fitzroy Dearborn. 4305:Childe, Vere Gordon 3990:2012PLoSO...751374T 3934:1996AmSci..84..242B 3734:The Daily Telegraph 3705:2007JArSc..34.1339S 3576:2012Sci...336..466S 3408:2016CBio...26.2659K 3347:2016CBio...26..270O 3251:10.1038/nature16152 3243:2015Natur.528..499M 3064:Starcevo-Koros-Cris 3023:on 4 February 2007. 2888:, section entitled 2862:. Science in Poland 2408:Pengtoushan culture 2361:Tiszapolgár culture 2336:San Ciriaco culture 2148:Trihedral Neolithic 2042:Necklace made from 2007:Venus of Willendorf 1788:Settlement patterns 1670:massacre of Schletz 1641:population collapse 1591:Neolithic longhouse 1582:Demographic history 1527:Linum usitatissimum 1435:Triticum monococcum 672:confidence interval 448:Cucuteni-Trypillian 274:. Derived from the 220:Hinkelstein culture 212:Michelsberg culture 106: 4500 BC 99: 5500 BC 47: 8229:Egyptian Neolithic 7780:Rectangular dolmen 7548:Gumelnița–Karanovo 7508:Cucuteni–Trypillia 7286:Origin of language 7279:Spiritual drug use 7189:Rectangular dolmen 7091:Dartmoor kistvaens 6904:Carved stone balls 6616:Circular enclosure 6575:Other architecture 6518:Alp pile dwellings 6106:Solutrean industry 6017:Gravettian culture 5667:Secondary products 4845:Societies of Peace 4745:Neolithic Seminars 4662:3D reconstructions 4323:Acta Archaeologica 4199:. 17 August 2015. 4153:on 7 November 2011 3922:American Scientist 3662:. 17 October 2022. 2695:Neolithic religion 2540:Marine archaeology 2443:Zhaobaogou culture 2433:Xinglongwa culture 2143:Shepherd Neolithic 2126:Neolithic cultures 2052: 1998:Upper Palaeolithic 1967:cultural artifacts 1955: 1944: 1927:Neolithic religion 1818: 1810: 1802: 1610: 1602: 1594: 1536:Papaver somniferum 1414: 1410:Asparn an der Zaya 1402: 1310:southern Europeans 1288:Comparison of the 1270: 1229:Decorated bone tip 979: 468: 428:successor cultures 249: 72:Geographical range 45: 8773: 8772: 8768: 8767: 8628:Pottery Neolithic 8451:Pottery Neolithic 8440:Pottery Neolithic 8429:Pottery Neolithic 8411:Pottery Neolithic 8394:Pottery Neolithic 8379:Pottery Neolithic 8359:Pottery Neolithic 8338:Pottery Neolithic 8323:Pottery Neolithic 8202:Initial Neolithic 7968:Pottery Neolithic 7911: 7910: 7848:Lithic industries 7405: 7363: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7355: 7354: 7308:Prehistoric music 7257:music archaeology 6914:Cup and ring mark 6739:Clothing/textiles 6684: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6126:Yubetsu technique 6111:Striking platform 6076:Lithic technology 5961: 5960: 5946:Game drive system 5865:Projectile points 5757:Mortar and pestle 5091:john hawks weblog 5008:Dienekes (2005). 4912:calibration curve 4900:on 16 April 2005. 4751:on 27 March 2006. 4732:978-0-521-66203-1 4693:(10): 1441–1458. 4645:Media related to 4574:978-0-521-38675-3 4552:978-1-84472-092-7 4494:978-1-56619-600-0 4456:Hawkes, Jacquetta 4447:978-0-06-250368-8 4421:978-0-520-04655-9 4399:978-0-226-19445-5 4380:978-0-415-13610-5 4361:978-0-14-021149-8 4311:Man Makes Himself 4294:Braidwood, Robert 3766:. 17 August 2015. 3570:(6080): 466–469. 3462:(11): 1842–1859. 3402:(19): 2659–2666. 3237:(7583): 499–503. 2848:Hibben, page 121. 2767:Ertebolle culture 2747: 2746: 2700:Neolithic decline 2493:Qujialing culture 2458:Majiabang culture 2403:Peiligang culture 2266:Cernavodă culture 2246:Arzachena culture 2177:Yarmukian culture 2087:Talheim Death Pit 1722:Various artefacts 1648:Talheim Death Pit 1608:Remains of a well 1568:forests of Europe 1546:favoured, though 1476:Panicum miliaceum 1425:Triticum dicoccum 1343:. The samples of 668:confidence limits 487:Linearbandkeramik 279:Linearbandkeramik 241: 240: 186:Mesolithic Europe 16:(Redirected from 8883: 8737: 8680: 8623: 8615:Hajji Firuz Tepe 8538: 8480: 8374: 8294:Neolithic Europe 8289: 8224: 8170: 8161:Tell Abu Hureyra 8153: 8108: 8072: 8016:Sinjar Mountains 7983: 7978: 7977: 7970: 7965: 7961: 7956: 7938: 7931: 7924: 7915: 7914: 7879:Danubian culture 7775:Polygonal dolmen 7618:Seine–Oise–Marne 7538:Globular Amphora 7399: 7397:Neolithic Europe 7390: 7383: 7376: 7367: 7366: 7323:Divje Babe flute 7230:Archaeoastronomy 6973:Petrosomatoglyph 6707: 6706: 6690: 6689: 6539:Water management 6342: 6341: 6329: 6328: 6232:Denticulate tool 6054:Lithic reduction 5787: 5786: 5608: 5607: 5595: 5594: 5523: 5516: 5509: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5493:on 11 June 2007. 5492: 5486:. Archived from 5453: 5443: 5441: 5434: 5415: 5413: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5387: 5377: 5376:on 26 July 2007. 5375: 5368: 5358: 5341: 5328: 5326: 5293: 5280: 5279:on 3 April 2006. 5250: 5240: 5222: 5191: 5190:on 12 July 2006. 5174: 5164: 5098: 5097:on 5 April 2006. 5093:. Archived from 5081: 5065: 5017: 5003: 4994: 4992: 4986:. Archived from 4961: 4951: 4901: 4871: 4869: 4858: 4848: 4833: 4816: 4795: 4793: 4782: 4764: 4752: 4736: 4720: 4710: 4684: 4644: 4631: 4600:Shennan, Stephen 4587: 4578: 4556: 4537: 4525: 4523: 4517:. Archived from 4508: 4498: 4479: 4477: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4430:Gimbutas, Marija 4425: 4408:Gimbutas, Marija 4403: 4384: 4365: 4339: 4316: 4314: 4281: 4278: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4234: 4233:James pp. 20–22. 4231: 4225: 4222: 4216: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4070: 4064: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4011: 4001: 3969: 3960: 3953: 3947: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3860: 3857: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3803:The Conversation 3794: 3788: 3777: 3768: 3767: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3731: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3673: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3534: 3524: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3479: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3427: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3358: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3262: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3205: 3195: 3186:(11): e1000536. 3171: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3060: 3054: 3051: 3045: 3038: 3025: 3024: 3019:. Archived from 3009: 3003: 3000: 2991: 2988: 2982: 2979: 2964: 2955:See the article 2953: 2947: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2921: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2739: 2732: 2725: 2680:Circular ditches 2660:Animal husbandry 2647:Neolithic topics 2607:Khiamian culture 2603:Other locations 2508:Shijiahe culture 2498:Longshan culture 2488:Majiayao culture 2483:Liangzhu culture 2473:Dawenkou culture 2468:Hongshan culture 2463:Yangshao culture 2331:Petreşti culture 2301:Hamangia culture 2291:Gorneşti culture 2271:Coțofeni culture 2234:Amratian culture 2229:Badarian culture 2219:El Omari culture 2204:Faiyum A culture 2172:Tahunian culture 2133:Fertile Crescent 2105: 2104: 2046:shell and white 2034:Funerary customs 1868: 1800:settlement model 1779: 1767: 1755: 1743: 1731: 1719: 1676:Material culture 1570:as it was then. 1519:Cannabis sativum 1260:Genetic evidence 1226: 1214: 1202: 1190: 1178: 1166: 1154: 1142: 1130: 1118: 1106: 1094: 1082: 1070: 1058: 1046: 1003:Brunn am Gebirge 927: 915: 822: 820:Stichbandkeramik 812: 810:Notenkopfkeramik 802: 764: 755: 746: 736:Early or Western 692:Dniester culture 649: 637: 625: 613: 489: 482:V. Gordon Childe 475: 361:Brunn am Gebirge 303:V. Gordon Childe 283:Linear Band Ware 273: 270: 263:of the European 228:Chasséen culture 132:Brunn am Gebirge 107: 104: 100: 97: 55: 48: 44: 21: 8891: 8890: 8886: 8885: 8884: 8882: 8881: 8880: 8876:Ancient pottery 8776: 8775: 8774: 8769: 8743: 8735: 8734: 8725: 8712: 8706: 8692: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8665: 8658: 8657: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8635: 8631: 8621: 8613: 8603: 8595: 8589: 8584: 8583: 8577: 8572: 8566: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8555: 8548: 8545:(5500–4500 BC) 8544: 8536: 8521:(6000–4800 BC) 8520: 8516: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8499: 8495: 8488: 8478: 8470: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8465: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8454: 8443: 8432: 8422:Tell el-'Oueili 8419: 8414: 8401: 8397: 8386: 8382: 8372: 8367:(7000–5000 BC) 8366: 8362: 8341: 8330: 8328:Tell Sabi Abyad 8326: 8313: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8287: 8274: 8270: 8256: 8254:Tell Sabi Abyad 8249: 8245: 8243: 8236: 8232: 8222: 8217:(8500–8000 BC) 8216: 8212: 8204: 8195: 8191: 8182: 8178: 8168: 8163: 8159: 8151: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8106: 8100: 8070: 8057: 8040: 8031: 8018: 7999: 7981: 7971: 7963: 7962: 7954: 7953: 7947: 7942: 7912: 7907: 7898: 7867: 7829: 7740:Guardian stones 7702: 7696: 7658: 7518:Decea Mureşului 7449: 7429:Cardium pottery 7415: 7406: 7400:(including the 7394: 7364: 7351: 7218: 7204:Stone box grave 7174:Megalithic tomb 7079:Cotswold-Severn 7031: 6936:Guardian stones 6864:Prehistoric art 6858: 6701: 6676: 6665:Timber trackway 6570: 6534: 6530:Wattle and daub 6383: 6362:Standing stones 6336: 6315: 6130: 5957: 5934: 5859: 5776: 5686:Food processing 5681: 5630:New World crops 5602: 5589: 5532: 5527: 5497: 5490: 5451: 5439: 5432: 5423: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5392: 5385: 5373: 5366: 5357:on 5 July 2007. 5258: 5253: 5137:Nature Research 4990: 4959: 4950:on 16 May 2006. 4929: 4924: 4906:and under that 4879: 4874: 4867: 4856: 4791: 4780: 4771: 4755: 4739: 4733: 4718: 4682: 4673: 4638: 4628: 4595: 4593:Further reading 4590: 4575: 4553: 4521: 4506: 4495: 4448: 4422: 4400: 4381: 4362: 4348:Piggott, Stuart 4298:Prehistoric men 4289: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4212: 4208: 4189: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4127:. Princeton.edu 4123: 4122: 4118: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4071: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4029: 4025: 3970: 3963: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3914: 3910: 3902:10.4312/dp.28.6 3881: 3877: 3872: 3863: 3858: 3851: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3814: 3810: 3795: 3791: 3778: 3771: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3724: 3720: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3667: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3629:Narasimhan 2019 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3556: 3552: 3501: 3497: 3448: 3444: 3396:Current Biology 3388: 3384: 3335:Current Biology 3327: 3323: 3284: 3280: 3223: 3219: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3039: 3028: 3011: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2967: 2959:included under 2954: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2922: 2918: 2914:approximations. 2912: 2908: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2787:Hunter-gatherer 2762:Demic diffusion 2743: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2648: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2627:Capsian culture 2541: 2518:Neolithic Tibet 2423:Dadiwan culture 2381:Vučedol culture 2366:Usatovo culture 2286:Dudești culture 2214:Merimde culture 2167:Qaraoun culture 2138:Heavy Neolithic 2127: 2103: 2036: 2019:Marija Gimbutas 1933: 1925:Main articles: 1923: 1888:Excavations at 1862: 1826:wattle-and-daub 1790: 1783: 1780: 1771: 1768: 1759: 1756: 1747: 1744: 1735: 1732: 1723: 1720: 1683: 1678: 1584: 1394: 1389: 1306:Y-haplogroup H2 1262: 1243: 1237: 1230: 1227: 1218: 1217:Stone mace head 1215: 1206: 1203: 1194: 1191: 1182: 1181:Shell jewellery 1179: 1170: 1167: 1158: 1155: 1146: 1143: 1134: 1131: 1122: 1119: 1110: 1107: 1098: 1095: 1086: 1083: 1074: 1071: 1062: 1059: 1050: 1047: 996:epi-Paleolithic 971: 963: 958: 931: 928: 919: 916: 839: 834: 815:Stroked Pottery 765: 756: 747: 738: 729:Stroked pottery 660: 653: 650: 641: 638: 629: 626: 617: 614: 551:Atlantic salmon 508: 460: 377:Köln-Lindenthal 299:Danubian I 291:Linear Ceramics 271: 204:Lengyel culture 105: 98: 41: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8889: 8879: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8765: 8760:Succeeded by: 8757: 8754: 8753: 8747: 8738: 8731: 8730: 8720: 8714: 8700: 8694: 8685: 8681: 8675: 8674: 8672:Kul Tepe Jolfa 8669: 8663: 8651: 8640: 8636: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8608: 8601: 8592:Hadji Muhammed 8570: 8564: 8550: 8546: 8539: 8533: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8514: 8509: 8493: 8486: 8481: 8475: 8474: 8447: 8445:Sang-i Chakmak 8436: 8425: 8407: 8404:Sha'ar HaGolan 8390: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8334: 8319: 8306: 8290: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8265: 8260: 8251: 8238: 8225: 8219: 8218: 8199: 8186: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8154: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8103: 8102: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8067: 8066: 8061: 8051: 8046: 8035: 8028: 8022: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7941: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7918: 7909: 7908: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7875: 7873: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7839: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7706: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7657: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7459: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7425: 7423: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7393: 7392: 7385: 7378: 7370: 7361: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7337: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7313:Alligator drum 7305: 7304: 7303: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7249: 7244: 7243: 7242: 7240:lunar calendar 7237: 7226: 7224: 7223:Other cultural 7220: 7219: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7170: 7169: 7164: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7120: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7083: 7082: 7081: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7041: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7027:Venus figurine 7024: 7023: 7022: 7017: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6996: 6995: 6990: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6958:Megalithic art 6955: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6916: 6911: 6909:Cave paintings 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6885: 6884: 6874: 6868: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6792: 6787: 6786: 6785: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6715: 6713: 6711:Material goods 6703: 6702: 6686: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6630: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6601: 6600: 6599: 6589: 6584: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6542: 6540: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6521: 6520: 6510: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6445: 6444: 6434: 6429: 6427:Cliff dwelling 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6359: 6354: 6348: 6346: 6338: 6337: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6311: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6223: 6222: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6146: 6140: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6012:Fire hardening 6009: 6004: 6002:Clovis culture 5999: 5994: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5971: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5942: 5940: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5925:Manis Mastodon 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5881: 5880: 5869: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5825: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5804:throwing stick 5796: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5616: 5614: 5604: 5603: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5526: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5503: 5496: 5495: 5444: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5397: 5378: 5359: 5342: 5329: 5309:(2): 239–244. 5294: 5286:"Heves county" 5281: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5220:10.1101/292581 5192: 5175: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5082: 5005: 4995: 4976:10.1086/342429 4970:(4): 637–650. 4952: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4849: 4835: 4834: 4817: 4796: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4765: 4754: 4753: 4737: 4731: 4711: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4637: 4636:External links 4634: 4633: 4632: 4626: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4579: 4573: 4561:Renfrew, Colin 4557: 4551: 4538: 4526: 4499: 4493: 4480: 4464: 4452: 4446: 4426: 4420: 4404: 4398: 4385: 4379: 4366: 4360: 4344:Clark, Grahame 4340: 4317: 4301: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4273: 4263: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4226: 4217: 4206: 4182: 4173: 4164: 4138: 4116: 4093: 4086: 4065: 4056: 4023: 3984:(12): e51374. 3961: 3955:Baldia (2000) 3948: 3939: 3928:(3): 242–253. 3908: 3875: 3861: 3849: 3836: 3827: 3808: 3789: 3769: 3751: 3718: 3699:(8): 1339–45. 3683: 3674: 3665: 3651: 3642: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3550: 3495: 3442: 3382: 3341:(2): 270–275. 3321: 3278: 3217: 3163: 3154: 3145: 3136: 3127: 3118: 3100: 3098:1991 pp. 43–46 3091: 3077: 3068: 3062:Baldia (2003) 3055: 3046: 3040:Baldia (2006) 3026: 3004: 2992: 2983: 2965: 2948: 2939: 2916: 2906: 2873: 2850: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2757:Danubian Plain 2754: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2741: 2734: 2727: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2537: 2532: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2513:Yueshi culture 2510: 2505: 2503:Baodun culture 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2478:Songze culture 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2448:Hemudu culture 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2418:Cishan culture 2415: 2413:Beixin culture 2410: 2405: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2346:Sesklo culture 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2326:Ozieri culture 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2306:Kakanj culture 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2281:Danilo culture 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2256:Butmir culture 2253: 2248: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2209:Tasian culture 2206: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2113: 2112: 2102: 2099: 2035: 2032: 1978:mother goddess 1959:belief systems 1953:reconstruction 1922: 1919: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1762: 1760: 1758:Grinding stone 1757: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1714: 1696:shoe-last celt 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1665:fortifications 1583: 1580: 1507: 1506: 1498: 1497:, bitter vetch 1490: 1485:Secale cereale 1482: 1473: 1460: 1459: 1453:Lens culinaris 1450: 1441: 1432: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1277:and the upper 1275:Harz Mountains 1261: 1258: 1247:slash-and-burn 1236: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1041: 983:Starčevo-Körös 970: 967: 962: 959: 933: 932: 929: 922: 920: 917: 910: 907: 906: 899: 896: 889: 886: 838: 835: 767: 766: 759: 757: 750: 748: 741: 737: 734: 733: 732: 725: 717: 706: 705: 702: 699: 659: 656: 655: 654: 651: 644: 642: 639: 632: 630: 627: 620: 618: 615: 608: 507: 504: 495:Starčevo-Körös 466:Linear Pottery 459: 456: 391:on the Rhine; 345:Czech Republic 239: 238: 200:Rössen culture 193: 189: 188: 179: 175: 174: 113: 109: 108: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 76:Central Europe 73: 69: 68: 63: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8888: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8764: 8763: 8756: 8755: 8751: 8746: 8742: 8739: 8733: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8710: 8704: 8701: 8698: 8695: 8691: 8677: 8676: 8673: 8668: 8664: 8661: 8655: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8641: 8637: 8634: 8630: 8629: 8620: 8619: 8616: 8612: 8609: 8606: 8602: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8554: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8535: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8519: 8513: 8512:Umm Dabaghiya 8510: 8508: 8498: 8491: 8487: 8485: 8477: 8476: 8473: 8463: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8435: 8431: 8430: 8423: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8405: 8400: 8396: 8395: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8380: 8371: 8370: 8365: 8361: 8360: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8340: 8339: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8324: 8317: 8312: 8311: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8295: 8286: 8285: 8282: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8259: 8255: 8248: 8242: 8235: 8231: 8230: 8221: 8220: 8215: 8211: 8209: 8203: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8176: 8167: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8150: 8149: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8118: 8105: 8104: 8099: 8098:Early Pottery 8069: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8044: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8029: 8027: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7980: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7960: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7934: 7932: 7927: 7925: 7920: 7919: 7916: 7906: 7901: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7820:Tor enclosure 7818: 7816: 7815:Timber circle 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7800:Statue menhir 7798: 7796: 7795:Simple dolmen 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7770:Passage grave 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7699: 7693: 7692:Windmill Hill 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7593:Pit–Comb Ware 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7409: 7403: 7398: 7391: 7386: 7384: 7379: 7377: 7372: 7371: 7368: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7309: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7199:Simple dolmen 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7184:Passage grave 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7131: 7130:Gallery grave 7128: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7084: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7045:Burial mounds 7043: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7028: 7025: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7005:Statue menhir 7003: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6993:Stone carving 6991: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6832:Sewing needle 6830: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6691: 6687: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6660:Timber circle 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6609:Tor enclosure 6607: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6598: 6597:fulacht fiadh 6595: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6537: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6330: 6326: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5833:spear-thrower 5831: 5830: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5811:Bow and arrow 5809: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5720:Grinding slab 5718: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5652:Domestication 5650: 5648: 5647:Digging stick 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5625:Founder crops 5623: 5622: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5566:New Stone Age 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5535: 5531: 5524: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5510: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5426: 5425: 5410: 5403: 5398: 5391: 5384: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5260: 5248: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5074:Chemistry Org 5071: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4932: 4931: 4920: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4881: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4790: 4786: 4779: 4774: 4773: 4762: 4757: 4756: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4724: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4676: 4675: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4643: 4629: 4627:9781108422925 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4530:Mallory, J.P. 4527: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4475: 4469: 4468:Hibben, Frank 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4438: 4437: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4373:. Routledge. 4372: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4318: 4313: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4277: 4267: 4257: 4248: 4242:James, p. 22. 4239: 4230: 4221: 4215: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4186: 4177: 4168: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4126: 4120: 4113:(2): 187–208. 4112: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4089: 4087:9789088908972 4083: 4079: 4078: 4069: 4060: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3968: 3966: 3958: 3952: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3912: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3846: 3840: 3831: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3774: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3687: 3678: 3669: 3661: 3655: 3646: 3637: 3630: 3625: 3618: 3613: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3547: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3509:Genes (Basel) 3506: 3499: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3282: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3170: 3168: 3158: 3149: 3140: 3131: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3104: 3095: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3072: 3065: 3059: 3050: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3008: 2999: 2997: 2987: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2943: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2920: 2910: 2903: 2902:0-19-507618-4 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2861: 2854: 2845: 2841: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812:founder crops 2809: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2777:Goseck circle 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2644: 2643: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2562:Chopani Mando 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2438:Xinle culture 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2428:Houli culture 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2376:Vinča culture 2374: 2372: 2371:Varna culture 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2356:Tisza culture 2354: 2352: 2351:Sopot culture 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2321:Malta Temples 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2251:Boian culture 2249: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2224:Maadi culture 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2192:Ubaid culture 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2182:Halaf culture 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2106: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2076: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2056: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2031: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1952: 1951:Goseck circle 1948: 1941: 1940:Goseck circle 1937: 1932: 1928: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1874: 1872: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1814: 1806: 1799: 1794: 1778: 1773: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1737: 1730: 1725: 1718: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1673: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1606: 1598: 1592: 1588: 1579: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1494:Vicia ervilia 1491: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478:, broom corn 1477: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1444:Pisum sativum 1442: 1440: 1439:einkorn wheat 1436: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1411: 1406: 1398: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1266: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1248: 1242: 1225: 1220: 1213: 1208: 1201: 1196: 1189: 1184: 1177: 1172: 1165: 1160: 1153: 1148: 1141: 1136: 1133:Pedestal bowl 1129: 1124: 1117: 1112: 1105: 1100: 1093: 1088: 1081: 1076: 1069: 1064: 1057: 1052: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1036: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1015:autochthonous 1011: 1009: 1004: 999: 997: 993: 988: 984: 975: 966: 957: 952: 950: 946: 941: 939: 926: 921: 914: 909: 908: 904: 900: 897: 894: 890: 887: 884: 883: 882: 879: 875: 871: 869: 863: 861: 857: 852: 848: 844: 833: 829: 824: 821: 816: 811: 804: 801: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 763: 758: 754: 749: 745: 740: 739: 730: 726: 723: 718: 715: 714: 713: 710: 703: 700: 697: 693: 689: 685: 684: 683: 679: 675: 673: 669: 665: 658:Periodization 648: 643: 636: 631: 624: 619: 612: 607: 606: 605: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 574: 572: 568: 564: 560: 557:, such as at 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 521: 517: 513: 503: 499: 496: 491: 488: 483: 479: 474: 464: 455: 453: 452:Boian-Maritza 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 413:Vistula River 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 277: 266: 262: 259:) is a major 258: 254: 245: 237: 236:Tisza culture 233: 232:Boian culture 229: 225: 224:Cerny culture 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 194: 190: 187: 183: 180: 176: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 114: 110: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 77: 74: 70: 67: 64: 62: 58: 54: 49: 43: 40: 33: 19: 8759: 8626: 8541: 8472:Mehrgarh III 8449: 8438: 8427: 8409: 8392: 8377: 8357: 8353:Teppe Zagheh 8348:Chogha Bonut 8336: 8321: 8308: 8292: 8227: 8214:Nanzhuangtou 8205: 8201: 8197:Aşıklı Höyük 8189:Göbekli Tepe 8173: 8129:(10,500 BC) 8115: 8101:(18,000 BC) 7843:Grooved ware 7805:Stone circle 7790:Round barrow 7735:Great dolmen 7703:architecture 7528:Funnelbeaker 7443: 7402:Chalcolithic 7140:wedge-shaped 7125:Funeral pyre 7118:Great dolmen 7074:Chamber tomb 7055:Round barrow 7010:Stone circle 6882:Blombos Cave 6819: 6810:Grooved ware 6734:Chalcolithic 6638:Thornborough 6556:Flush toilet 6491:Blombos Cave 6486:Rock shelter 6442:Quiggly hole 6334:Architecture 6309:illustration 5951:Buffalo jump 5772:Storage pits 5735:Aşıklı Höyük 5725:Ground stone 5561:Subdivisions 5488:the original 5459: 5455: 5437:the original 5409:the original 5390:the original 5371:the original 5355:the original 5350: 5338:the original 5306: 5302: 5290:the original 5277:the original 5272: 5268: 5213:: eaat7487. 5206: 5200: 5188:the original 5183: 5132: 5126: 5095:the original 5090: 5078:the original 5073: 5029: 5025: 5013: 4988:the original 4967: 4963: 4948:the original 4943: 4939: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4898:the original 4893: 4889: 4865:the original 4860: 4844: 4821: 4807:(6): 35–46. 4804: 4800: 4789:the original 4784: 4749:the original 4744: 4722: 4690: 4686: 4639: 4604: 4583: 4564: 4542: 4533: 4519:the original 4514: 4511:Praehistoria 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Retrieved 4151:the original 4141: 4129:. Retrieved 4119: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4076: 4068: 4059: 4043:(1): 19–29. 4040: 4036: 4026: 3981: 3977: 3956: 3951: 3946:1991 p. 331. 3942: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3892: 3888: 3878: 3839: 3830: 3822:Live Science 3821: 3811: 3802: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3763: 3754: 3733: 3721: 3696: 3692: 3686: 3677: 3668: 3654: 3645: 3636: 3624: 3612: 3603: 3567: 3563: 3553: 3544: 3512: 3508: 3498: 3489: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3437: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3376: 3338: 3334: 3324: 3315: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3272: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3183: 3180:PLOS Biology 3179: 3157: 3148: 3139: 3130: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3094: 3071: 3063: 3058: 3049: 3041: 3021:the original 3016: 3007: 2986: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2942: 2933: 2929: 2919: 2909: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2864:. 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Linear Pottery culture

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