176:
19:
457:
468:
362:
187:
727:
This family tree covers the rulers of the
Mithridatic and Tiberian-Julian dynasties. Owing to much of the sequence of Tiberian-Julian rulers being based on coinage, the relationships within the Tiberian-Julian dynasty (especially for later rulers) are largely conjectural and speculative. Conjectural
728:
and speculative lines of descent are marked with dotted lines. Though genealogical information is completely unknown for kings after Cotys III, the repeating names lead most researchers to believe that the later kings until at least 341 were part of the same continuous dynasty.
2490:
In addition to the three certain names listed below, some authors speculate that
Rhescuporis VI's immediate successors were two kings named Sauromates, i.e. Sauromates V and Sauromates VI. This is based on the writings of 10th-century emperor
663:
The end of
Rhescuporis VI's reign is believed to have marked the end of the Tiberian-Julian dynasty. Details of the Bosporan Kingdom are scant thereafter but it appears to have undergone several successive periods of rule by
175:
2495:. Constantine's writings describe a post-Rhescuporis VI conflict with the Bosporans which is won by the Romans and notes that this victory meant that "the kingship of the Sauromati finished".
2481:(2000) speculatively reconstructed the Archaeanactid dynasty as follows: Archaeanax (c. 480–470 BC), Paerisades (I) (c. 470–450 BC), Leukon (I) (c. 450–440 BC) and Sagauros (c. 440–438 BC).
3092:"Evolution of the Composition of Monetary Alloys of Ancient Greek States on the Black Sea Shores Based on the Data of X-Ray Fluorescent Spectroscopy with the Example of Bosporos Cimmerian"
3327:
3394:
210:
2563:
3142:"Literary Tradition and Epigraphical Evidence : Constantine Porphyrogenitus' Information on the Bosporan Kingdom of Emperor Diocletian Reconsidered"
3487:
3409:
324:
238:
3460:
294:
684:
3508:
343:
3749:
3334:
3274:
3185:
2941:
2777:
2699:
2672:
2535:
2974:
2593:
2564:"Changes in the Ethnic Pictures and its Impact on the Internal Political Situation in the Bosporus after Rheskuporis VI"
2878:
3267:
Continuité des élites à Byzance durant les siècles obscurs: les princes caucasiens et l'Empire du VI:e au IX:e siècle
2804:
2957:
3668:
1796:
557:
472:
3728:
3683:
3678:
3547:
2286:
2019:
1916:
1454:
890:
651:
575:
569:
521:
406:
3465:
3713:
3698:
3663:
3638:
3574:
2794:
2153:
2041:
1737:
623:
599:
551:
436:
23:
3653:
3643:
1671:
1521:
905:
539:
527:
461:
3723:
3718:
3693:
3628:
2429:
2277:
2162:
2028:
1361:
641:
631:
589:
500:
3053:"A Hoard of Bosporan Coins in the Period Third Century BC to AD 238 from Ancient Gorgippia (Anapa) 1987"
3029:[Goths in the Bosporus: finds of coins of King Farsanz in the area of the Chernyakhov culture].
3703:
3688:
2453:
2143:
605:
581:
161:
The number of successors of
Archaenax and their names are not known. His family ruled until c. 438 BC.
3673:
1895:
563:
64:. Panticapaeum was founded in the 7th or 6th century BC; the earliest known king of the Bosporus is
3708:
3648:
3608:
3590:
3579:
3568:
3563:
3552:
3536:
3526:
3482:
2050:
1588:
1248:
975:
617:
533:
479:
412:
390:
314:
3658:
3633:
3600:
3320:
1680:
1383:
1370:
545:
506:
89:
3531:
2618:
873:
760:
384:
378:
366:
3472:
3355:
3293:
3026:
999:
300:
148:
73:
3141:
2580:
80:
in 438 BC. After ruling for over three centuries, the
Spartocids were then displaced by the
3614:
3424:
2619:"The Question of Continuity in the Late Classical Bosporus On the Basis of Numismatic Data"
2306:
1280:
485:
252:
3177:
The
Origins of Roman Christian Diplomacy: Constantius II and John Chrysostom as Innovators
8:
3585:
3518:
3429:
3262:
1111:
986:
442:
356:
258:
81:
2877:
Minns, E., H., Scythians and Greeks, A Survey of
Ancient History and Archaeology p. 592
3119:
3072:
2585:
2458:
186:
49:
2527:
Brill's New Pauly: Chronologies of the ancient world : names, dates and dynasties
123:, the remnants of the Bosporan Kingdom were finally absorbed into the Roman Empire by
3376:
3270:
3181:
3123:
3111:
3064:
2937:
2800:
2773:
2695:
2668:
2638:
2589:
2531:
2433:
1100:
370:
170:
85:
77:
3347:
3312:
3153:
3103:
2630:
2575:
45:
34:
3175:
2931:
2767:
2689:
2662:
2525:
2492:
716:
715:
sent an army to place the
Bosporus under Roman rule. Mugel thereafter ruled only
3000:
18:
3558:
3542:
3477:
2295:
962:
424:
394:
306:
101:
3107:
680:. There was probably a continuous sequence of rulers but few names are known.
3743:
3439:
3434:
3115:
3068:
3027:"Готы на Боспоре: находки монет царя Фарсанза в ареале черняховской культуры"
2837:
2642:
270:
264:
3091:
2634:
3492:
3444:
3414:
2824:
The Poison King: the life and legend of
Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy
330:
276:
232:
191:
97:
61:
57:
3157:
2769:
Skythien und der
Bosporus, Band II: wiederentdeckte Kapitel und Verwandtes
467:
3384:
788:
712:
198:
124:
93:
3076:
3052:
3623:
3419:
3363:
1273:
665:
494:
456:
246:
154:
108:
65:
3454:
3449:
3404:
3389:
711:
Mugel's rule in the Bosporus was brief; shortly after Gordas's death
288:
282:
224:
204:
180:
53:
3001:"The Invasion of the Borans into the Bosporus in the 3rd Century AD"
3399:
218:
127:
in the 6th century AD following a revolt against the Hunnic ruler
361:
690:
513:
128:
107:
After several successive periods of rule by groups such as the
734:
Family tree of the Mithridatic and Tiberian-Julian dynasties
700:
673:
669:
116:
112:
76:
ruled the city until it was displaced by the more long-lived
2863:
Rostovtzeff, M., Queen Dynamis of Bosporus, JHS, pp. 100-105
677:
120:
3031:Древности. Харьковский историко-археологический ежегодник
142:
2842:
Digital Historia Numorum: A manual of Greek numismatics
190:
Bust of a late 2nd century BC Bosporan ruler, perhaps
2977:[To the History of the Reign of Chedosbios].
3342:
2933:
The Ancient & Classical World, 600 B.C.-A.D. 650
350:
60:(the Cimmerian Bosporus) and ruled from the city of
451:
373:, who also ruled as Mithridates I of the Bosporus
164:
3741:
2962:. American Numismatic Society. 1979. p. 28.
2772:(in German). Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 223.
512:Incorporated as a part of the Roman Province of
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3050:
2859:
2857:
3328:
3269:(in French). Paris: De Boccard. p. 408.
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
2623:Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia
337:
139:Joint rulers are indicated with indentation.
2854:
2765:
3335:
3321:
3194:
3261:
3173:
3135:
3133:
3089:
2929:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2579:
2523:
658:
3051:Frolova, Nina; Ireland, Stanley (1995).
3008:Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews
2835:
2796:A Companion to the Classical Greek World
2766:Rostovtzeff, Michael Ivanovitch (1993).
2561:
466:
455:
360:
185:
174:
17:
3288:
3286:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2691:Regents of Nations: Antiquity worldwide
2687:
2616:
2581:10.24115/S2446-6220202173A1397p.245-252
3742:
3130:
3024:
2972:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2866:
2660:
3316:
3169:
3167:
3139:
3046:
3044:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2792:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2305:
2294:
2292:
2285:
2283:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2161:
2159:
2152:
2150:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2047:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1679:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1382:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1110:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
998:
985:
974:
961:
955:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
889:
887:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
842:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
143:Archaeanactid dynasty (c. 480–438 BC)
92:. The Tiberian-Julian kings ruled as
3283:
2989:
2936:. Hawkins Publications. p. 69.
2826:, Princeton University Press, p. 345
2818:
2816:
2793:Kinzl, Konrad H. (11 January 2010).
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2664:Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire
2656:
2654:
2652:
2612:
2610:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
3018:
2562:Astakhov, Ivan Alekseevich (2021).
13:
3164:
3041:
2966:
2882:
2568:Laplage em Revista (International)
14:
3761:
2813:
2708:
2649:
2607:
2544:
2508:
351:Mithridatic dynasty (110 BC–AD 8)
68:, who seized control of the city
3750:Monarchs of the Bosporan Kingdom
134:
3294:"Le Bosphore Cimmérien - Suite"
3083:
2950:
2829:
2484:
452:Tiberian-Julian dynasty (8–341)
28:
2975:"К истории правления Хедосбия"
2786:
2681:
2471:
722:
165:Spartocid dynasty (438–111 BC)
1:
3146:Dialogues d'histoire ancienne
2502:
319:with Kamasarye and then alone
69:
415:(queen) 44/43 BC–c. AD 7/8 (
7:
2999:Yartsev, Sergey V. (2019).
2930:Mitchiner, Michael (1978).
2524:Schneider, Helmuth (2007).
2447:
10:
3766:
3180:. Routledge. p. 190.
3174:Stevenson, Walter (2020).
2667:. McFarland. p. 137.
2454:Bosporan wars of expansion
354:
338:Scythian rule (111–110 BC)
168:
146:
88:and then its offshoot the
3599:
3517:
3501:
3375:
3354:
3108:10.1134/S1063774518060299
3090:Smekalova, T. N. (2018).
2838:"Ancient coins of Pontus"
2661:Lawler, Jennifer (2015).
2374:
2372:
2318:
2312:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2084:
2082:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1771:
1769:
1712:
1710:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1559:
1557:
1492:
1490:
1425:
1423:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1185:
1183:
1167:
1165:
1137:
1135:
1123:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1079:
1077:
1061:
1059:
1037:
1035:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1005:
996:
994:
992:
983:
981:
979:r. 48–47; 44/43 BC–AD 7/8
972:
970:
968:
953:
951:
929:
927:
854:
852:
850:
840:
838:
824:
820:
814:
303:(queen) c. 180–c. 160 BC
291:(regent) c. 210–c. 200 BC
72:480 BC as a usurper. The
3140:Nadel, Benjamin (1977).
3057:The Numismatic Chronicle
2973:Choref, Michael (2020).
2464:
3601:Tiberian-Julian dynasty
3096:Crystallography Reports
2688:Truhart, Peter (2000).
2635:10.1163/157005799X00188
491:Rhescuporis I (?) 14–42
90:Tiberian-Julian dynasty
44:were the rulers of the
3025:Beydin, G. V. (2016).
2799:. Wiley. p. 145.
2530:. Brill. p. 112.
761:Mithridates VI Eupator
659:Later rulers (341–527)
475:
464:
374:
367:Mithridates VI Eupator
194:
183:
56:state centered on the
37:
3356:Archaeanactid dynasty
3158:10.3406/dha.1977.2690
2959:Numismatic Literature
2694:. Saur. p. 378.
966:r. 48–47; 44/43–17 BC
646:possibly non-dynastic
636:possibly non-dynastic
610:possibly non-dynastic
594:possibly non-dynastic
470:
459:
364:
189:
178:
149:Archaeanactid dynasty
74:Archaeanactid dynasty
33:AD 172–210) from the
21:
3263:Settipani, Christian
2979:Stratum Plus Journal
2617:Frolova, N. (1999).
2307:Mirian III of Iberia
486:Polemon II of Pontus
327:(?) c. 150–c. 140 BC
3519:Mithridatic dynasty
2822:Mayor, A., (2009),
1112:Cotys III of Thrace
357:Mithridatic dynasty
82:Mithridatic dynasty
2479:Regents of Nations
2459:History of Ukraine
476:
465:
421:), with husbands:
375:
317:c. 170–c. 150 BC (
195:
184:
38:
3737:
3736:
3377:Spartocid dynasty
3276:978-2-7018-0226-8
3187:978-1-315-41500-0
2943:978-0-904173-16-1
2779:978-3-515-06399-9
2701:978-3-598-21543-8
2674:978-1-4766-0929-4
2537:978-90-04-15320-2
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
1101:Antonia Tryphaena
883:
771:
706:
696:
647:
637:
611:
595:
431:
419:
401:
320:
171:Spartocid dynasty
78:Spartocid dynasty
3757:
3469:
3348:Bosporan Kingdom
3337:
3330:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3298:antikforever.com
3290:
3281:
3280:
3259:
3192:
3191:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3102:(6): 1043–1050.
3087:
3081:
3080:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3005:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2927:
2880:
2875:
2864:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2833:
2827:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2763:
2706:
2705:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2658:
2647:
2646:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2592:. Archived from
2583:
2559:
2542:
2541:
2521:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2477:Peter Truhart's
2475:
877:
765:
763:
740:
739:
731:
730:
704:
694:
645:
635:
609:
593:
429:
427:44/43–c. 17 BC (
417:
399:
318:
309:c. 180–c. 170 BC
297:c. 200–c. 180 BC
279:c. 250–c. 240 BC
71:
46:Bosporan Kingdom
35:Acropolis Museum
32:
30:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3669:Rhescuporis III
3629:Mithridates III
3595:
3513:
3497:
3463:
3371:
3350:
3341:
3311:
3302:
3300:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3260:
3195:
3188:
3172:
3165:
3138:
3131:
3088:
3084:
3049:
3042:
3023:
3019:
3003:
2997:
2990:
2971:
2967:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2928:
2883:
2876:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2834:
2830:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2764:
2709:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2659:
2650:
2615:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2574:(3A): 245–252.
2560:
2545:
2538:
2522:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2493:Constantine VII
2489:
2485:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2450:
2289:
2280:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2053:
2044:
2031:
2022:
1919:
1898:
1799:
1797:Rhescuporis III
1740:
1683:
1674:
1591:
1524:
1457:
1373:
1364:
1362:Mithridates III
1283:
1251:
989:
978:
965:
893:
884:
876:
772:
764:
759:
725:
717:Patria Onoguria
661:
558:Rhescuporis III
501:Mithridates III
473:Rhescuporis III
454:
359:
353:
340:
173:
167:
151:
145:
137:
27:
12:
11:
5:
3763:
3753:
3752:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3729:Rhescuporis VI
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3684:Rhescuporis IV
3681:
3679:Sauromates III
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3639:Rhescuporis II
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3618:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3577:
3566:
3561:
3550:
3548:Mithridates II
3545:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3478:Paerisades III
3475:
3470:
3458:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3317:
3310:
3309:
3282:
3275:
3193:
3186:
3163:
3129:
3082:
3040:
3017:
2988:
2981:(in Russian).
2965:
2949:
2942:
2881:
2865:
2853:
2836:Barclay Head.
2828:
2812:
2805:
2785:
2778:
2707:
2700:
2680:
2673:
2648:
2629:(3): 179–205.
2606:
2543:
2536:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2483:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2287:Rhescuporis VI
2284:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2020:Rhescuporis IV
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1917:Sauromates III
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1455:Rhescuporis II
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
995:
993:
991:
984:
982:
980:
973:
971:
969:
967:
959:
957:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
911:
909:
908:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
894:r. 47–44/43 BC
891:Mithridates II
888:
886:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
794:
792:
791:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
736:
735:
724:
721:
719:in the north.
709:
708:
698:
688:
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:Rhescuporis VI
649:
639:
629:
628:
627:
615:
614:
613:
597:
587:
586:
585:
579:
576:Rhescuporis IV
573:
570:Sauromates III
561:
555:
549:
543:
537:
531:
525:
522:Rhescuporis II
519:
518:
517:
516:Inferior 63–68
504:
498:
492:
489:
483:
453:
450:
449:
448:
447:
446:
440:
434:
410:
409:47 BC–44/43 BC
407:Mithridates II
404:
393:(queen) &
388:
382:
355:Main article:
352:
349:
348:
347:
339:
336:
335:
334:
328:
322:
312:
311:
310:
307:Paerisades III
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
256:
250:
244:
243:
242:
230:
229:
228:
216:
215:
214:
202:
169:Main article:
166:
163:
159:
158:
147:Main article:
144:
141:
136:
133:
102:late antiquity
42:Bosporan kings
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3762:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:Sauromates IV
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:Rhescuporis V
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:Sauromates II
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:Rhescuporis I
3619:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:Mithridates I
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:Scythian rule
3500:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Paerisades IV
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3440:Paerisades II
3438:
3436:
3435:Spartocus III
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:Unknown kings
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3155:
3152:(1): 87–114.
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3045:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2806:9781444334128
2802:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2596:on 2022-09-10
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2379:
2377:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2249:
2246:
2238:
2236:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2212:
2210:
2202:
2200:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2155:
2154:Sauromates IV
2145:
2123:
2120:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2043:
2042:Rhescuporis V
2030:
2021:
2007:
2004:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1897:
1879:
1876:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1807:
1805:
1798:
1776:
1774:
1748:
1746:
1739:
1738:Sauromates II
1717:
1715:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1673:
1651:
1648:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1599:
1597:
1590:
1564:
1562:
1532:
1530:
1523:
1497:
1495:
1465:
1463:
1456:
1430:
1428:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1363:
1351:
1348:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1309:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1250:
1240:
1237:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1174:
1172:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1102:
1068:
1066:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1001:
990:r. 12/13–8 BC
988:
977:
964:
960:
958:
912:
910:
907:
892:
881:
875:
859:
856:
848:
846:
845:
822:
818:
816:
812:
810:
795:
793:
790:
769:
768:Mithridates I
762:
741:
738:
737:
733:
732:
729:
720:
718:
714:
702:
699:
692:
689:
686:
683:
682:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
653:
650:
643:
640:
633:
630:
625:
624:Sauromates IV
622:
621:
619:
616:
607:
604:
603:
601:
600:Rhescuporis V
598:
591:
588:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
567:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
552:Sauromates II
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
515:
511:
510:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
477:
474:
469:
463:
458:
445:c. 12/13–8 BC
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
426:
423:
422:
420:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
396:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
379:Mithridates I
377:
376:
372:
368:
363:
358:
345:
342:
341:
333:c. 140–111 BC
332:
329:
326:
323:
316:
315:Paerisades IV
313:
308:
305:
304:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
285:c. 240–210 BC
284:
281:
278:
275:
273:284–c. 250 BC
272:
271:Paerisades II
269:
267:304 BC–284 BC
266:
265:Spartokos III
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
240:
237:
236:
234:
231:
226:
223:
222:
220:
217:
212:
209:
208:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
188:
182:
177:
172:
162:
156:
153:
152:
150:
140:
135:List of kings
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:, an ancient
47:
43:
36:
25:
24:Sauromates II
20:
16:
3654:Rhoemetalces
3644:Sauromates I
3582:
3571:
3555:
3539:
3493:Paerisades V
3488:Spartocus VI
3445:Spartocus IV
3415:Paerisades I
3410:Spartocus II
3343:
3301:. Retrieved
3297:
3266:
3176:
3149:
3145:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3060:
3056:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3011:
3007:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2958:
2952:
2932:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:
2831:
2823:
2795:
2788:
2768:
2690:
2683:
2663:
2626:
2622:
2598:. Retrieved
2594:the original
2571:
2567:
2526:
2486:
2478:
2473:
1672:Rhoemetalces
1522:Sauromates I
879:
874:Pharnaces II
773:r. 110–63 BC
767:
726:
710:
705:Hunnic ruler
695:Hunnic ruler
662:
540:Rhoemetalces
528:Sauromates I
462:Rhoemetalces
430:second reign
428:
418:second reign
416:
398:
381:110 BC–63 BC
331:Paerisades V
325:Spartokos VI
277:Spartokos IV
239:Spartokos II
233:Paerisades I
192:Paerisades V
160:
138:
106:
98:Roman Empire
94:client kings
62:Panticapaeum
58:Kerch Strait
41:
39:
15:
3724:Rhadamsades
3719:Theothorses
3694:Ininthimeus
3464: [
3461:Spartokos V
3385:Spartocus I
2278:Rhadamsades
2163:Theothorses
2029:Ininthimeus
885:r. 63–48 BC
789:Mark Antony
723:Family tree
713:Justinian I
642:Rhadamsades
632:Theothorses
590:Ininthimeus
584:233–234 (?)
400:first reign
346:111–110? BC
295:Spartokos V
235:349–311 BC
221:389–349 BC
207:433–389 BC
199:Spartokos I
157:c. 480 BC–?
125:Justinian I
50:Hellenistic
3704:Pharsanzes
3689:Chedosbius
3624:Gepaepyris
3615:Polemon II
3575:Scribonius
3420:Satyrus II
3364:Archaeanax
3303:2022-05-09
3037:: 138–149.
2985:: 231–240.
2847:2015-03-19
2600:2022-05-07
2503:References
2290:r. 314–341
2281:r. 309–322
2166:r. 279–309
2148:r. 253–254
2144:Pharsanzes
2054:r. 276–278
2045:r. 240–276
2032:r. 234–239
2023:r. 233–234
1920:r. 229–232
1899:r. 228–234
1800:r. 211–228
1741:r. 172–210
1684:r. 154–170
1675:r. 131–153
1592:r. 123–131
1281:Polemon II
1274:Gepaepyris
1252:r. 8/10–38
687:fl. c. 483
685:Douptounos
666:Sarmatians
606:Pharsanzes
582:Chedosbios
495:Gepaepyris
482:8/10–38 AD
437:Scribonius
397:48–47 BC (
261:309–304 BC
255:310–309 BC
249:311–310 BC
247:Satyros II
241:349–344 BC
227:389–349 BC
213:433–393 BC
201:438–433 BC
155:Archaeanax
109:Sarmatians
66:Archaeanax
3674:Cotys III
3586:Polemon I
3532:Pharnaces
3473:Camasarye
3455:Hygiaenon
3450:Leucon II
3405:Gorgippus
3390:Satyrus I
3124:104376080
3116:1562-689X
3069:0078-2696
3063:: 21–42.
2643:0929-077X
2590:239216873
1896:Cotys III
1525:r. 93–123
1000:Pythorida
987:Polemon I
880:Pharnaces
693:fl. 527 (
644:309–322 (
634:279–309 (
608:253–254 (
592:234–239 (
564:Cotys III
443:Polemon I
439:c. 15? BC
385:Pharnaces
301:Kamasarye
289:Hygiainon
283:Leukon II
225:Gorgippos
205:Satyros I
181:Hygiainon
3744:Category
3709:Teiranes
3649:Cotys II
3609:Aspurgus
3509:Saumacus
3457:(regent)
3425:Prytanis
3400:Leucon I
3395:Seleucus
3344:Monarchs
3265:(2006).
3077:42668787
2448:See also
2051:Teiranes
1589:Cotys II
1458:r. 78–93
1374:r. 46–78
1365:r. 42–46
1284:r. 38–41
1249:Aspurgus
703:c. 527 (
620:276–278
618:Teiranes
602:240–276
566:228–234
534:Cotys II
480:Aspurgus
471:Coin of
460:Coin of
387:63–48 BC
365:Bust of
344:Saumakos
253:Prytanis
219:Leukon I
211:Seleukos
179:Coin of
54:Scythian
22:Bust of
3659:Eupator
3634:Cotys I
3591:Dynamis
3580:Dynamis
3569:Dynamis
3564:Dynamis
3559:Asander
3553:Dynamis
3543:Asander
3537:Dynamis
3430:Eumelus
3346:of the
1681:Eupator
1371:Cotys I
976:Dynamis
963:Asander
906:Antonia
654:314–341
578:233–234
572:229–232
560:211–228
554:172–210
548:154–170
546:Eupator
542:131–153
536:123–131
507:Cotys I
497:(queen)
425:Asander
413:Dynamis
395:Asander
391:Dynamis
259:Eumelos
96:of the
31:
3273:
3184:
3122:
3114:
3075:
3067:
2940:
2803:
2776:
2698:
2671:
2641:
2588:
2534:
2434:Iberia
2157:r. 276
1384:Eunice
691:Gordas
530:93–123
514:Moesia
509:46–78
371:Pontus
129:Gordas
100:until
86:Pontus
52:Greco-
3468:]
3120:S2CID
3073:JSTOR
3004:(PDF)
2586:S2CID
2465:Notes
2430:Kings
701:Mugel
674:Goths
670:Alans
524:78–93
503:42–46
488:38–41
117:Goths
113:Alans
3583:with
3572:with
3556:with
3540:with
3271:ISBN
3182:ISBN
3112:ISSN
3065:ISSN
3014:(6).
2938:ISBN
2801:ISBN
2774:ISBN
2696:ISBN
2669:ISBN
2639:ISSN
2532:ISBN
2296:Nana
678:Huns
676:and
121:Huns
119:and
40:The
3154:doi
3104:doi
3061:155
2631:doi
2576:doi
2432:of
2146:(?)
626:276
369:of
104:.
84:of
3746::
3466:ru
3296:.
3285:^
3196:^
3166:^
3148:.
3144:.
3132:^
3118:.
3110:.
3100:63
3098:.
3094:.
3071:.
3059:.
3055:.
3043:^
3035:13
3033:.
3010:.
3006:.
2991:^
2884:^
2868:^
2856:^
2840:.
2815:^
2710:^
2651:^
2637:.
2625:.
2621:.
2609:^
2584:.
2570:.
2566:.
2546:^
2510:^
672:,
668:,
131:.
115:,
111:,
70:c.
29:r.
3617:)
3613:(
3336:e
3329:t
3322:v
3306:.
3279:.
3190:.
3160:.
3156::
3150:3
3126:.
3106::
3079:.
3012:7
2983:6
2946:.
2850:.
2809:.
2782:.
2704:.
2677:.
2645:.
2633::
2627:5
2603:.
2578::
2572:7
2540:.
882:)
878:(
770:)
766:(
707:)
697:)
648:)
638:)
612:)
596:)
433:)
403:)
321:)
26:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
