31:
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103:
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961:, brother of Vytautas, as the new Grand Duke. It is unclear what groups supported Sigismund or why. Possibly some Lithuanian nobles were displeased with favors that Švitrigaila had granted to the Orthodox dukes, but prior to the coup no opposition had manifested itself. Sigismund, who had not played a major role in Lithuanian politics before the coup, and who had initially supported Švitrigaila, resumed the policy of union with Poland. On 15 October 1432 he signed the
3359:
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145:
929:, the Poles offered to Švitrigaila the same deal as Vytautas had during his reign: Švitrigaila would be the Grand Duke and Jogaila would be the Supreme Duke and after Švitrigaila's death Lithuanian throne would revert to one of Jogaila's sons. Švitrigaila ostensibly refused the offer crystallizing local resistance. On 31 August 1432, conspirators, including
1280:), and after his death these territories would pass to the King of Poland. However, under strong protest from Sigismund, the Polish Senate declined to ratify the treaty . In 1438 Švitrigaila withdrew to Moldavia. The reign of Sigismund Kęstutaitis was brief — he was assassinated in 1440. Švitrigaila returned from exile in 1442 and ruled
1162:(leading some Polish historians to divide this Polish–Teutonic War into two wars: in 1431–1433; and in 1435). The Teutonic Knights agreed to most of the Polish demands, including that the Order cease its support for Švitrigaila, each side would control the territories that it occupied until a peace was signed (
740:
and brother of Švitrigaila, was in
Lithuania and participated in the funeral of Vytautas. On 7 November 1430, he announced that he approved the election and that Polish–Lithuanian relationship would be formally determined on 15 August 1431. However, an armed conflict erupted due to territorial
990:, a class of dependent peasants, were released from taxes and obligations to the state—all their earnings now belonged to the nobles. No noble was to be punished or imprisoned for crimes without a court order. Lithuania divided into two camps: supporters of Sigismund (the Lithuanian lands,
665:. The Knights' defeat in the battle weakened but did not completely vanquish their military power and they continued to engage in lesser conflicts. Internal tensions within the tentatively unified state persisted after the battle. While Jogaila (Jagiełło) and Vytautas had converted to
1581:
The costs of these troops and the nagging wars with Poland, which ended indecisively in 1435, bore heavily upon the cities, merchants, and knightly settlers in
Prussia, with the result that the Grand Master found ever more resistance to his central and despotic
1259:
in 1422. The Peace of Brześć Kujawski showed that the
Teutonic Knights had lost their universal missionary status. The Teutonic and Livonian Orders no longer interfered in Polish–Lithuanian affairs; instead, Poland and Lithuania would involve themselves in the
908:
on 1 September until 24 June 1433. The agreement was more favorable to Poland. The truce did not solve the underlying dispute, however. The war was transformed into a diplomatic struggle, as Poland sought to turn the
Lithuanian nobles against Švitrigaila.
606:
When
Sigismund seized power in Lithuania by staging a coup in 1432, Lithuania split into two opposing camps, and there began three years of devastating hostilities. To prevent the Knights from continuing their support of Švitrigaila, Poland backed a
1166:), and no party would seek mediation by foreign powers in order to alter this truce. This marked the end of the war on Polish soil; the struggle on Lithuanian lands would continue for two more years, as the truce with Poland did not extend to the
94:
1208:. The hostilities were briefly stopped by horse plague. When Jogaila died in May 1434, the Order resumed its backing for Švitrigaila, who rallied his supporters, including knights from the Livonian Order, the Orthodox dukes, and his nephew
30:
1232:(Vilkomir, Vilkmergė) was fought in September 1435, northwest of Vilnius. It is estimated to have involved 30,000 men on both sides. Švitrigaila's army, led by Sigismund Korybut, was split by the attacking Lithuanian–Polish army, led by
1154:. The Polish-led invasion of Neumark and Pomerania had proven successful, cutting the Teutonic Order off from support from the Holy Roman Empire, and convincing the Order to sign a treaty with the Poles. On 15 December 1433, twelve-year
1046:, and resume the throne. Both sides suffered heavy losses, and final victory went to Sigismund. The Teutonic Order officially observed the truce, but continued its secret support for Švitrigaila, mostly through its Livonian branch.
1272:Švitrigaila was losing his influence in the Slavic principalities and could no longer resist Poland and Sigismund. On 4 September 1437 he attempted to reconcile with Poland: he would rule the lands that still backed him (chiefly
969:(1401) and granted Sigismund the same rights as Vytautas had enjoyed during his reign. Following Sigismund's death, Lithuania was to return to the King of Poland. Sigismund also made territorial concessions to Poland in disputed
1255:. They agreed to cease their support for Švitrigaila, and in the future to support only Grand Dukes who had been properly elected jointly by Poland and Lithuania. The treaty did not change the borders that had been set by the
904:(now Nakło nad Notecią). Švitrigaila, who was besieged in the Lubart's Castle, offered to negotiate peace on 20 August. An agreement was reached on 26 August, thus ending the so-called Lutsk War. A formal truce was signed at
415:
379:
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unilaterally elected Švitrigaila as the new Grand Duke. This violated the terms of the Union of Horodło of 1413, wherein the
Lithuanians had pledged not to elect a new Grand Duke without the approval of the
425:
455:
445:
510:
4402:
1217:
1437:
After the death in 1430 of Vitold (Vytautas), who had governed the Grand Duchy under the nominal sovereignty of
Jagiello, discrimination against the Ruthenians led to a civil war.
503:
386:
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to send him the crown that had been intended for
Vytautas. In the same letter, Švitrigaila promised his loyalty to Sigismund and discussed a possible marriage to a daughter of
749:, which, according to the understanding of the Polish nobility, under the terms of a 1411 agreement, were to have been ruled by Lithuania only during the lifetime of Vytautas.
4319:
1131:(now Tczew) on 29 August 1433. Despite their failed siege of Danzig, the Hussites celebrated their "beautiful ride" by symbolically filling their bottles with water from the
1403:
On the civil war in
Lithuania between Švitrigaila and Jogaila Algirdaičiai and Žygimantas Kestutaitis which almost destroyed the union of Lithuania with Poland, see...
496:
2556:
880:. At the same time, pursuant to the Treaty of Christmemel, the Teutonic Knights declared war and invaded Poland. Finding little opposition, the Knights ravaged
623:
in
September 1435. Švitrigaila eventually surrendered in 1437; Sigismund Kęstutaitis ruled Lithuania for only eight years before he was assassinated in 1440.
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897:
3283:
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The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland had created several tenuous unions in the decades preceding the conflict, including the 1385
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372:
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to both Catholic and Orthodox nobles. The privilege guaranteed their right to buy, sell, exchange, gift, and inherit land. The
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had been scheduled for September 1430, but the Poles had prevented the crown from reaching Lithuania. Vytautas' only daughter,
475:
470:
465:
3414:
3404:
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1694:
1574:
1022:). There began three years of devastating hostilities. On 8 December 1432 the armies of Švitrigaila and Sigismund met in the
758:
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from becoming pretenders to the throne. There were two most suitable Catholic candidates: Vytautas' brother and legal heir,
4279:
4059:
3038:
2634:
2624:
1954:
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782:, King of Poland, in Vilnius. Jogaila was released when he promised to return Podolia to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The
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1471:
One year before his death in 1430, Vytautas reconfirmed the union with Poland. His death triggered a civil war...
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1365:
Vytautas' Successors. The Dynastic War in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Third Decade of the 15th Century
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3000:
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1844:
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1212:, a distinguished military commander of the Hussites. In July 1435, Švitrigaila foiled a coup against him in
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814:
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had suffered a great defeat, sometimes compared to that which had been inflicted on the Teutonic Knights at
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2016:
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hoping to gain their support by promising a church union. He planned to attack the Grand Duchy's capital,
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in February 1431. Outraged, they voided the King's promises and demanded that Švitrigaila acknowledge his
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1982:(in Lithuanian). Vol. I. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. p. 115.
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Kamuntavičius, Rūstis; Kamuntavičienė, Vaida; Civinskas, Remigijus; Antanaitis, Kastytis (2001).
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1894:. Oxford History of Early Modern Europe. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. p. 170.
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1361:Наследники Витовта. Династическая война в Великом княжестве Литовском в 30-е годы XV века
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2420:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. pp. 91–93.
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in order to stop the Teutonic Order from sending secret support to Švitrigaila via its
995:
945:, where they were staying the night. Švitrigaila and some of his supporters, including
905:
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Catholic Grand Duchy. Their adherence to the Orthodox faith also prevented many other
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809:Švitrigaila began organizing a wider anti-Polish coalition. He negotiated with the
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2222:(in Polish). Vol. II. Warsaw: Nakł. i drukiem S. Orgelbranda. p. 210.
2193:(in Polish). Kraków: Nakładem Krakowskiego Towarzystwa Oświaty Ludowej. p.
2010:"Polish – Bohemian expedition to Nowa Marchia and Pomorze Gdańskie in year 1433"
1648:(English ed.). Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. pp. 205–211.
881:
673:
elite, along with some Lithuanian magnates, opposed a closer union with Poland.
3998:
2318:
1298:
1297:
from Lithuania's ruling families in 1440. This event is seen by the historians
1244:
1167:
1068:
1035:
950:
830:
737:
646:
616:
588:
584:
122:
107:
2390:
1821:
Biskup, Marian (1967). "Najazd krzyżacki na Polskę i bitwa pod Dąbkami 1431".
1096:
717:
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in 1433. The war ended in a decisive defeat for Švitrigaila and his ally, the
568:
248:
4336:
2314:
2202:
1686:
1027:
917:
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to Jogaila. Švitrigaila refused, professed full independence, and even asked
567:
died in 1430 without leaving an heir. The war was fought on the one side by
3261:
2227:
2082:
657:. The two states had successfully joined forces against a common enemy, the
4152:
3909:
3650:
2946:
2776:
2347:
2170:
1159:
1080:
1055:
1031:
822:
137:
2372:. Vol. IV. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 140–141.
1928:. Vol. VI. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 361–363.
4054:
3349:
3142:
3072:
1864:
1802:. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 348–350.
1384:
Lithuania ascending: a pagan empire within east-central Europe, 1295–1345
3358:
2511:(in Polish). Vol. 2. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Platan. pp. 103–125.
3539:
3534:
2680:
2674:
2162:
Poland and Germany: A Reply to Congressman B. Carrol Reece of Tennessee
1958:
1132:
791:
709:
364:
3370:
2416:
Dundulis, Bronius (2004). "Švitrigaila". In Vytautas Spečiūnas (ed.).
1120:
896:
regions. However, the Teutonic army was defeated on 13 September 1431
861:
2015:. Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne Oddział w Olsztynie. Archived from
1566:
1452:
The Jews of Lithuania: a history of a remarkable community, 1316–1945
1422:
1108:
1092:
991:
930:
841:(1410). In June 1431 the Teutonic Knights and Švitrigaila signed the
684:, suddenly died without leaving an heir or a will. His coronation as
1644:
Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Kiaupienė, Jūratė; Kuncevičius, Albinas (2000) .
1184:
In July and August 1433, Švitrigaila and his Livonian allies raided
1124:
4297:
3249:
1756:"The kingdom of Poland and the grand duchy of Lithuania, 1370–1506"
1293:
1277:
1239:Švitrigaila, with a small group of followers, managed to escape to
1213:
1139:
1116:
1103:. For four months the Hussite army ravaged Teutonic territories in
1019:
1011:
986:
974:
942:
885:
857:
846:
818:
783:
746:
168:
1848:
3425:
2507:
Grodecki, Roman; Zachorowski, Stanisław; Dąbrowski, Jan (1995) .
2377:
1933:
1807:
1562:
The Crusades and the expansion of Catholic Christendom, 1000-1714
1415:
Vauchez, André; Dobson, Richard Barrie; Lapidge, Michael (2000).
1240:
1197:
1127:(now Gdańsk). They captured several towns and castles, including
1104:
1064:
1043:
1007:
1003:
970:
957:
while his pregnant wife was detained. The conspirators installed
954:
926:
889:
869:
779:
775:
742:
608:
342:
222:
218:
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Dzieje Krzyżaków: oraz ich stosunki z Polska̜, Litwa̜ i Prussami
1987:
1603:
980:
To win support from the nobles, in May 1434 Sigismund granted a
1978:
Zinkus, Jonas; et al., eds. (1985–1988). "Ašmenos mūšis".
1205:
1201:
1151:
1061:
893:
795:
591:
between Poland and Lithuania. Švitrigaila's alliance with the
4403:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
1762:. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 734–735.
1281:
1189:
1128:
999:
873:
2506:
2366:
Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Pabaiskas, Battle of".
1273:
1251:
in 1410. On 31 December 1435 the Teutonic Knights signed a
1185:
1072:
1015:
1643:
3410:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
2418:
Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.): enciklopedinis žinynas
1853:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Elektroninės leidybos namai.
1845:"Gediminaičiai ir Jogailaičiai prie Vytauto palikimo"
1146:, and Hussite–Catholic negotiations continued at the
518:
2299:"Žygimantas Kaributaitis – tragiško likimo asmenybė"
2073:(in Polish). Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności. p.
1414:
1367:] (in Russian). Moscow: Indrik. pp. 13, 16.
1312:
1891:
The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union 1385–1569
1796:Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Švitrigaila".
1677:
2136:Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights
1922:Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Žygimantas".
1683:. Nauji horizontai: dinastija, visoumenė, valstybė
1489:
1291:, born in 1426, received approval as a hereditary
876:. However, the Poles did not succeed in capturing
2564:
1760:The New Cambridge Medieval History, c.1415–c.1500
1264:, the civil war that would tear Prussia in half.
829:. The most promising prospect as an ally was the
825:, and with the dukes of the eastern lands of the
4334:
2472:
1678:Petrauskas, Rimvydas; Kiaupienė, Jūratė (2009).
3240:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
2365:
2158:
2039:
1921:
1795:
3621:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
3327:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1823:Zeszyty Naukowe Wojskowej Akademii Politycznej
1305:as marking the end of the succession dispute.
1158:was signed between the Poles and the Order at
1049:
603:but failed to secure victory for Švitrigaila.
3291:
3277:
2550:
2159:Giertych, Jędrzej; Carroll, Brazilla (1958).
504:
380:
2525:
2395:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Vaga. p. 92.
1487:
1142:. Polish–Teutonic negotiations continued at
4378:Wars involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3617:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
3605:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
2126:
2124:
1994:
1977:
1598:. Miami: Franklin Press. pp. 182–184.
1596:Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania
1138:On 13 September 1433 a truce was signed at
1060:In June 1433 Poland allied itself with the
3463:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
3284:
3270:
2847:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
2557:
2543:
2473:Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2001).
2468:
2466:
2296:
2040:Turnbull, Stephen; McBride, Angus (2004).
2033:
1946:
1725:(in Lithuanian). Aidai. pp. 165–167.
837:that had led to the Order's defeat at the
511:
497:
387:
373:
3468:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
3458:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
2530:(in Polish). Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Morskie.
2066:
1973:
1971:
1842:
1750:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1448:
1418:Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Volume 1
1071:. The Teutonic Knights had supported the
941:, attacked Švitrigaila and his escort at
856:On 25 June 1431, the Polish army invaded
3756:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
2415:
2215:
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1358:
1079:against the heretic Hussites during the
916:
853:, who attacked Poland in the southeast.
845:. Švitrigaila's cause was also aided by
762:
394:
3317:History of Polish intelligence services
3061:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
2797:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
2526:Biskup, Marian; Labuda, Gerard (1986).
2463:
2263:
2261:
2094:
2092:
2007:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1593:
617:Livonian branch of the Teutonic Knights
16:War of succession in medieval Lithuania
4335:
4270:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
2447:Lithuanian Research and Studies Center
2331:
2325:
2274:Lithuanian Research and Studies Center
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2180:
2105:Lithuanian Research and Studies Center
1968:
1940:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1820:
1814:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1587:
1558:
1536:Lithuanian Research and Studies Center
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1380:
1026:. Švitrigaila had enlisted the aid of
872:, and defeated Švitrigaila's men near
3663:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
3265:
2538:
2440:
2409:
2384:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2267:
2098:
1887:
1878:
1850:Gimtoji istorija. Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1720:
1703:
1662:
1610:
1552:
1529:
1371:
1352:
492:
368:
3853:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
3506:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
2783:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
2620:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
2528:Dzieje zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach
2434:
2290:
2258:
2234:
2152:
2089:
1955:Lithuanian University of Agriculture
1739:
1646:The History of Lithuania Before 1795
1442:
1408:
912:
4089:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
3014:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
2177:
1908:
1776:
1514:
1476:
921:Royal seal of Sigismund Kęstutaitis
778:, Švitrigaila arrested his brother
13:
2500:
2354:
2138:. Oxford: Osprey. pp. 84–85.
1829:
1496:. London: Penguin Books. pp.
1173:
1002:); and supporters of Švitrigaila (
860:. They captured part of Volhynia,
593:Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
583:. The war threatened to sever the
14:
4414:
4393:Wars involving the Teutonic Order
3107:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
2046:. Osprey Publishing. p. 15.
1947:Tarvydienė, Marytė Elena (2007).
1083:. During their last and largest "
965:, which in essence confirmed the
553:Lithuanian Civil War of 1432–1438
522:Lithuanian Civil War of 1432–1438
3875:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
3578:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
3369:
3357:
3348:
3094:
3039:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
2689:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
2635:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
2625:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
2165:. Jędrzej Giertych. p. 37.
1957:. pp. 22–24. Archived from
1336:List of wars involving Lithuania
1315:
1284:until his death a decade later.
833:, which was seeking to undo the
696:and had only one surviving son,
637:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
633:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
348:
336:
324:
312:
286:
274:
254:
242:
212:
193:
180:
162:
143:
131:
116:
101:
88:
29:
3858:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
3848:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
3836:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
3789:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
3707:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
3702:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
3697:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
3685:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
3680:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
3573:Władysław the White's rebellion
3560:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
3545:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
3511:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
3163:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2885:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
2725:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
2393:Lietuvos istorija 11–12 klasėms
1685:(in Lithuanian). Vol. IV.
1253:peace treaty at Brześć Kujawski
601:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
4040:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
3831:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
3600:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
3245:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
2831:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
2706:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
2662:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1216:. Coup leader Orthodox bishop
1196:and devastated the suburbs of
888:, and tried to move on to the
1:
4363:Civil wars of the Middle Ages
3947:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
3915:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
3588:1444 war against the Ottomans
3415:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
3405:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
3322:List of wars involving Poland
3033:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
3020:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2960:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2953:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
2919:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2877:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2871:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2865:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2851:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
2592:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
2566:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
2509:Dzieje Polski Średniowiecznej
2297:Piročkinas, Arnoldas (1999).
1980:Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija
1359:Polekhov, Sergey V. (2015).
1346:
1262:Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)
759:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–35)
35:Monument at the field of the
3957:War of the Bar Confederation
3952:War of the Polish Succession
3067:War of the Bar Confederation
2771:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2765:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2753:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2747:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2730:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2190:Dzieje polski za Jagiellonow
1267:
1077:Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund
815:Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund
800:Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund
767:Švitrigaila as portrayed by
752:
7:
4315:Russian invasion of Ukraine
4208:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
4004:War of the Fourth Coalition
3656:campaign of Stephen Báthory
2995:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
2476:A concise history of Poland
1825:(in Polish). Historia (15).
1594:Koncius, Joseph B. (1964).
1488:Christiansen, Eric (1997).
1331:List of conflicts in Europe
1308:
1050:Hussite invasion of Prussia
774:When Polish troops invaded
10:
4419:
4293:Operation Uphold Democracy
4028:War of the Sixth Coalition
4016:War of the Fifth Coalition
3962:Polish–Russian War of 1792
3337:Warfare in Medieval Poland
3312:History of the Polish Army
3201:June Uprising in Lithuania
2630:Battle of the Vikhra River
2481:Cambridge University Press
2067:Prochaska, Antoni (1908).
1843:Kiaupienė, Jūratė (2002).
1723:Lietuvos ir Lenkijos unija
1721:Jučas, Mečislovas (2000).
1389:Cambridge University Press
1177:
1087:", the Czech forces under
1053:
967:Union of Vilnius and Radom
756:
630:
626:
349:
337:
325:
313:
255:
243:
213:
194:
181:
163:
97:(Švitrigaila's supporters)
89:
4353:15th century in Lithuania
4278:
4255:
4216:
4203:Białystok Ghetto uprising
4188:
4148:
4139:
4074:
4033:French invasion of Russia
3979:
3892:
3821:
3734:
3714:Northern War of 1655–1660
3641:
3632:
3568:
3496:
3487:
3450:
3390:
3381:
3343:
3299:
3293:Polish wars and conflicts
3229:
3210:
3191:
3152:
3120:French invasion of Russia
3106:
3089:
3047:
2818:
2791:Northern Seven Years' War
2739:
2643:
2606:
2582:
2572:
2332:Curtin, Jeremiah (1908).
2242:"Wojny polsko-krzyżackie"
2187:Koneczny, Feliks (1903).
1449:Greenbaum, Masha (1995).
1150:and at the Czech Diet in
530:
406:
232:
78:
42:
28:
23:
4121:Second Silesian Uprising
3438:1156 war against Germany
3435:1146 war against Germany
2574:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2338:. Little Brown. p.
2043:The Hussite Wars 1419–36
1360:
1236:, and soundly defeated.
827:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
561:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
189:(Sigismund's supporters)
187:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
150:Principality of Moldavia
60:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4398:Wars of the Middle Ages
4388:Wars involving Moldavia
4358:Civil wars in Lithuania
4320:Military aid to Ukraine
4131:Third Silesian Uprising
4099:First Silesian Uprising
4094:Polish–Czechoslovak War
3863:Battle of Chocim (1673)
3841:Battle of Chocim (1621)
3026:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
2925:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
2441:Urban, William (2003).
2268:Urban, William (2003).
2216:Rogalski, Leon (1846).
2099:Urban, William (2003).
2070:Król Władysław Jagiełło
1530:Urban, William (2003).
1101:Duchy of Stolp (Słupsk)
1091:were also supported by
953:, managed to escape to
835:Polish–Lithuanian union
716:, and Vytautas' cousin
704:and could not lead the
682:Grand Duke of Lithuania
95:Grand Duchy of Ruthenia
4198:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
4141:World War II in Poland
3801:Zebrzydowski rebellion
3784:Moldavian Magnate Wars
3751:Siege of Danzig (1577)
2899:Zebrzydowski rebellion
2826:Moldavian Magnate Wars
2369:Encyclopedia Lituanica
1925:Encyclopedia Lituanica
1888:Frost, Robert (2015).
1799:Encyclopedia Lituanica
1457:Gefen Publishing House
1381:Rowell, S. C. (1994).
1228:. The final battle at
1222:Metropolitan of Moscow
922:
771:
706:recently Christianized
575:, and on the other by
233:Commanders and leaders
4383:Wars involving Poland
4303:2003 invasion of Iraq
4231:Operation Ostra Brama
4126:Polish–Lithuanian War
3940:Battle of Berestechko
3668:War against Sigismund
3442:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
3174:Polish–Lithuanian War
3168:Lithuanian–Soviet War
2987:Battle of Berestechko
2836:War against Sigismund
2614:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
2335:The Mongols in Russia
2008:Rynarzewski, Maciej.
1950:Žemėtvarkos pagrindai
1752:Gieysztor, Aleksander
1559:France, John (2005).
1492:The Northern Crusades
1234:Michael Žygimantaitis
959:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
920:
884:, taking the town of
843:Treaty of Christmemel
766:
714:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
577:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
559:to the throne of the
331:Michael Žygimantaitis
319:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
4373:Polish–Teutonic wars
4084:Polish–Ukrainian War
3935:Khmelnytsky Uprising
3498:Polish–Teutonic wars
3307:Early modern warfare
3221:Lithuanian partisans
2981:Khmelnytsky Uprising
2651:Samogitian uprisings
2443:Tannenberg and After
2303:Mokslas Ir Gyvenimas
2270:Tannenberg and After
2107:. pp. 347–350.
2101:Tannenberg and After
1689:. pp. 388–392.
1538:. pp. 306–308.
1532:Tannenberg and After
1289:Casimir IV Jagiellon
1180:Battle of Wiłkomierz
621:Battle of Wiłkomierz
398:Moldavian–Polish War
70:Švitrigaila's defeat
37:Battle of Wiłkomierz
24:Lithuanian Civil War
4181:during World War II
3967:Kościuszko Uprising
3931:1644 Tatar Invasion
3905:Fedorovych uprising
3896:1624 Tatar Invasion
3823:Polish–Ottoman wars
3775:1593 Tatar Invasion
3767:1589 Tatar Invasion
3744:Battle of Lubieszów
3673:Battle of Stångebro
3643:Polish–Swedish wars
3550:Thirteen Years' War
3420:Miecław's Rebellion
3395:Polish–Veletian War
3332:Polish Armed Forces
3300:General and related
3078:Kościuszko Uprising
2977:1644 Tatar Invasion
2941:Fedorovych uprising
2931:1624 Tatar Invasion
2841:Battle of Stångebro
2699:Battle of Pabaiskas
1226:burned at the stake
1148:Council of Florence
1040:Council of Florence
935:Petras Mangirdaitis
866:Volodymyr-Volynskyi
804:Voivode of Moldavia
690:Sophia of Lithuania
676:On 27 October 1430
4308:Occupation of Iraq
4288:War in Afghanistan
4165:Invasion of Poland
4060:fighting in Poland
3981:Poland partitioned
3927:Ostryanyn uprising
3779:Nalyvaiko Uprising
3726:Great Northern War
3690:Battle of Kircholm
3583:Battle of Grotniki
3555:War of the Priests
3528:Battle of Grunwald
3231:Restored Lithuania
3154:Interwar Lithuania
3138:Revolution of 1905
3055:Great Northern War
2972:Ostryanyn uprising
2891:Battle of Klushino
2857:Battle of Kircholm
2809:Nalyvaiko Uprising
2668:Battle of Grunwald
2657:Lithuanian Crusade
2597:Lithuanian Crusade
1341:List of civil wars
1123:(now Świecie) and
996:Trakai Voivodeship
923:
906:Staryi Chortoryisk
851:Alexander the Good
839:Battle of Grunwald
788:Zbigniew Oleśnicki
772:
769:Alexander Guagnini
734:Jogaila (Jagiełło)
694:Vasily I of Moscow
678:Vytautas the Great
663:Battle of Grunwald
571:, allied with the
565:Vytautas the Great
50:August 1432 – 1438
4330:
4329:
4265:Racibórz Conflict
4257:People's Republic
4251:
4250:
4226:Operation Tempest
4104:Polish–Soviet War
4045:November Uprising
4021:Austro-Polish War
4009:Prussian campaign
3975:
3974:
3870:Great Turkish War
3811:Battle of Humenné
3806:Thirty Years' War
3794:Battle of Kłuszyn
3771:Kosiński uprising
3761:Battle of Byczyna
3628:
3627:
3540:Gollub War (1422)
3535:Hunger War (1414)
3483:
3482:
3473:Battle of Legnica
3424:1072 war against
3400:Battle of Cedynia
3259:
3258:
3212:Soviet occupation
3126:November Uprising
3087:
3086:
2911:Battle of Humenné
2905:Thirty Years' War
2803:Kosiński uprising
2759:Glinski rebellion
2490:978-0-521-55917-1
2305:(in Lithuanian).
2246:Encyklopedia WIEM
2132:Turnbull, Stephen
1953:(in Lithuanian).
1696:978-9955-23-239-1
1681:Lietuvos istorija
1576:978-0-415-37128-5
1220:, consecrated as
1210:Sigismund Korybut
1089:Jan Čapek of Sány
925:In April 1432 at
913:Coup in Lithuania
730:Kingdom of Poland
725:Lithuanian nobles
686:King of Lithuania
667:Roman Catholicism
641:Andrei of Polotsk
581:Kingdom of Poland
557:war of succession
548:
547:
484:
483:
363:
362:
355:Jan Čapek of Sány
261:Sigismund Korybut
200:Kingdom of Poland
74:
73:
4410:
4221:Italian Campaign
4190:Ghetto uprisings
4177:, and
4146:
4145:
4109:Battle of Warsaw
4050:January Uprising
3989:Denisko uprising
3922:Pavlyuk uprising
3900:Zhmaylo uprising
3880:Battle of Vienna
3739:Danzig rebellion
3639:
3638:
3516:Battle of Płowce
3494:
3493:
3489:Jagiellon Poland
3451:Mongol invasions
3388:
3387:
3373:
3361:
3352:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3132:January Uprising
3098:
2966:Pavlyuk uprising
2935:Zhmaylo uprising
2712:Crusade of Varna
2694:Battle of Ašmena
2580:
2579:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2495:
2494:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2363:
2352:
2351:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2317:. Archived from
2294:
2288:
2287:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:on March 6, 2009
2021:
2014:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1919:
1906:
1905:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1863:. Archived from
1840:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1793:
1774:
1773:
1748:
1737:
1736:
1718:
1701:
1700:
1675:
1660:
1659:
1641:
1608:
1607:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1527:
1512:
1511:
1495:
1485:
1474:
1473:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1356:
1325:
1323:Lithuania portal
1320:
1319:
1318:
1156:Truce of Łęczyca
1119:(now Chojnice),
1115:. They attacked
1024:Battle of Ašmena
947:Jurgis Gedgaudas
811:Teutonic Knights
671:Eastern Orthodox
659:Teutonic Knights
655:Union of Horodło
651:Ostrów Agreement
597:Paul von Rusdorf
579:, backed by the
573:Teutonic Knights
525:
523:
513:
506:
499:
490:
489:
401:
399:
389:
382:
375:
366:
365:
353:
352:
351:
341:
340:
339:
329:
328:
327:
317:
316:
315:
301:
293:Franco Kerskorff
291:
290:
289:
281:Paul von Rusdorf
279:
278:
277:
269:
259:
258:
257:
247:
246:
245:
217:
216:
215:
198:
197:
196:
185:
184:
183:
167:
166:
165:
148:
147:
146:
136:
135:
134:
121:
120:
119:
106:
105:
104:
93:
92:
91:
44:
43:
33:
21:
20:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4348:1430s in Europe
4343:1430s conflicts
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4274:
4247:
4241:Warsaw Uprising
4212:
4184:
4135:
4076:Second Republic
4070:
3994:Napoleonic Wars
3971:
3888:
3817:
3730:
3624:
3610:Battle of Orsha
3593:Battle of Varna
3564:
3479:
3446:
3431:Siege of Głogów
3377:
3376:
3365:
3341:
3295:
3290:
3260:
3255:
3225:
3206:
3187:
3182:Klaipėda Revolt
3148:
3114:Napoleonic Wars
3102:
3101:
3083:
3043:
2814:
2735:
2718:Battle of Varna
2639:
2602:
2568:
2563:
2519:
2503:
2501:Further reading
2498:
2491:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:. p. 313.
2439:
2435:
2428:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2389:
2385:
2364:
2355:
2330:
2326:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2276:. p. 311.
2266:
2259:
2250:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2214:
2210:
2185:
2178:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2097:
2090:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2006:
1995:
1976:
1969:
1961:
1945:
1941:
1920:
1909:
1902:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1861:
1841:
1830:
1819:
1815:
1794:
1777:
1770:
1749:
1740:
1733:
1719:
1704:
1697:
1676:
1663:
1656:
1642:
1611:
1592:
1588:
1577:
1569:. p. 265.
1557:
1553:
1546:
1528:
1515:
1508:
1486:
1477:
1467:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1425:. p. 163.
1413:
1409:
1399:
1379:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1303:Hubert Zawadzki
1270:
1257:Treaty of Melno
1182:
1176:
1174:Decisive battle
1144:Brześć Kujawski
1069:Livonian branch
1058:
1052:
1034:, and wrote to
963:Union of Grodno
939:Jonas Goštautas
931:Semen Olshanski
915:
878:Lubart's Castle
784:Polish nobility
761:
755:
653:, and the 1413
643:
629:
599:, launched the
549:
544:
526:
521:
519:
517:
487:
486:
485:
480:
402:
397:
395:
393:
359:
347:
335:
323:
311:
305:
297:
287:
285:
275:
273:
265:
253:
241:
228:
211:
192:
179:
173:
169:Hussite Bohemia
161:
144:
142:
132:
130:
117:
115:
112:
102:
100:
87:
62:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4416:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4280:Third Republic
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
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4243:
4238:
4233:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4213:
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4210:
4205:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4114:Kiev offensive
4111:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4001:
3999:Peninsular War
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
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3882:
3867:
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3477:
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3447:
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3444:
3439:
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3422:
3417:
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3407:
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3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3363:
3362:
3354:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3159:
3157:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3009:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2654:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2523:
2517:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2483:. p. 38.
2462:
2455:
2433:
2426:
2408:
2401:
2383:
2353:
2324:
2321:on 2011-05-15.
2289:
2282:
2257:
2233:
2208:
2176:
2151:
2144:
2120:
2113:
2088:
2059:
2052:
2032:
1993:
1967:
1964:on 2011-07-22.
1939:
1907:
1900:
1877:
1859:
1828:
1813:
1775:
1768:
1738:
1731:
1702:
1695:
1661:
1654:
1609:
1586:
1575:
1551:
1544:
1513:
1506:
1475:
1465:
1459:. p. 10.
1441:
1431:
1407:
1397:
1391:. p. 69.
1370:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1310:
1307:
1299:Jerzy Lukowski
1287:Jogaila's son
1269:
1266:
1245:Livonian Order
1178:Main article:
1175:
1172:
1168:Livonian Order
1164:uti possidetis
1111:, and western
1085:beautiful ride
1054:Main article:
1051:
1048:
1036:Pope Eugene IV
1030:, Khan of the
951:Jonas Manvydas
914:
911:
849:forces led by
831:Teutonic Order
790:, gathered in
754:
751:
738:King of Poland
732:. At the time
692:, had married
661:, at the 1410
647:Union of Krewo
628:
625:
589:personal union
585:Union of Krewo
546:
545:
543:
542:
537:
531:
528:
527:
516:
515:
508:
501:
493:
482:
481:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
407:
404:
403:
392:
391:
384:
377:
369:
361:
360:
358:
357:
345:
333:
321:
308:
306:
304:
303:
283:
271:
251:
238:
235:
234:
230:
229:
227:
226:
203:
202:
190:
176:
174:
172:
171:
153:
152:
140:
127:
126:
125:
123:Livonian Order
111:
110:
108:Teutonic Order
98:
84:
81:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4415:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Lwów uprising
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4180:
4179:contributions
4176:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4158:Eastern Front
4156:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4065:
4064:Eastern Front
4061:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2518:83-7052-230-0
2514:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2458:
2456:0-929700-25-2
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2427:5-420-01535-8
2423:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2402:5-415-01502-7
2398:
2394:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2283:0-929700-25-2
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2262:
2247:
2244:(in Polish).
2243:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2181:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2145:1-84176-561-9
2141:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2114:0-929700-25-2
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2053:1-84176-665-8
2049:
2045:
2044:
2036:
2018:
2011:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1972:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1901:9780191017872
1897:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1867:on 2008-03-03
1866:
1862:
1860:9986-9216-9-4
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1769:0-521-38296-3
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1732:9986-590-95-7
1728:
1724:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1687:Baltos lankos
1684:
1682:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1657:
1655:9986-810-13-2
1651:
1647:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1545:0-929700-25-2
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1509:
1507:0-14-026653-4
1503:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1466:9789652291325
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1434:
1432:9781579582821
1428:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1404:
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4169:Polish
4153:World War II
3910:Smolensk War
3651:Livonian War
3634:Commonwealth
3577:
3383:Piast Poland
3364:
3233:(since 1990)
3193:World War II
3048:18th century
3022:(1672–1676)
3003:(1655–1660)
3001:Northern War
2983:(1648–1657)
2949:(1632–1634)
2947:Smolensk War
2921:(1620–1621)
2907:(1618–1648)
2887:(1605–1618)
2853:(1600–1611)
2819:17th century
2779:(1558–1583)
2777:Livonian War
2740:16th century
2714:(1443–1444)
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2664:(1409–1411)
2644:15th century
2607:14th century
2584:13th century
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2035:
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2017:the original
1979:
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1949:
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1869:. Retrieved
1865:the original
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1081:Hussite Wars
1059:
1056:Hussite Wars
1032:Golden Horde
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882:Dobrzyń Land
855:
823:Golden Horde
808:
773:
741:disputes in
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611:invasion of
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225:mercenaries)
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138:Golden Horde
79:Belligerents
4055:World War I
3252:(2003–2011)
3214:(1944–1990)
3176:(1919–1920)
3170:(1918–1919)
3156:(1918–1940)
3145:(1914–1918)
3143:World War I
3134:(1863–1864)
3128:(1830–1831)
3116:(1803–1815)
3073:War of 1792
3069:(1768–1774)
3063:(1733–1735)
3057:(1700–1721)
3035:(1683–1699)
3016:(1666–1671)
2997:(1654–1667)
2962:(1633–1634)
2879:(1626–1629)
2873:(1621–1625)
2867:(1617–1618)
2811:(1594–1596)
2805:(1591–1593)
2799:(1587–1588)
2793:(1563–1570)
2785:(1577–1582)
2773:(1534–1537)
2767:(1512–1522)
2755:(1507–1508)
2749:(1500–1503)
2732:(1492–1494)
2708:(1431–1435)
2653:(1401–1409)
2616:(1340–1392)
2599:(1283–1422)
2445:. Chicago:
2272:. Chicago:
2103:. Chicago:
1534:. Chicago:
1097:Bogusław IX
821:, with the
718:Švitrigaila
649:, the 1392
569:Švitrigaila
249:Švitrigaila
4337:Categories
4175:resistance
3719:The Deluge
3007:The Deluge
2681:Gollub War
2675:Hunger War
2251:2008-07-03
2026:2008-07-03
1871:2008-07-02
1347:References
1230:Wiłkomierz
1133:Baltic Sea
1093:Pomeranian
792:Sandomierz
757:See also:
710:Gediminids
631:See also:
3523:Great War
2576:(to 1795)
2378:74-114275
2315:0134-3084
2203:123147077
1934:74-114275
1808:74-114275
1567:Routledge
1423:Routledge
1268:Aftermath
1109:Pomerania
992:Samogitia
982:privilege
847:Moldavian
786:, led by
753:Lutsk War
700:. He was
698:Vasily II
619:, at the
540:Pabaiskas
476:1683–1699
471:1672–1676
466:1633–1634
461:1615–1616
441:1530–1538
436:1502–1510
431:1497–1499
421:1432–1438
4298:Iraq War
3250:Iraq War
2228:38718035
2134:(2003).
2083:13016756
1988:86232954
1754:(1998).
1604:66089704
1582:control.
1309:See also
1294:hospodar
1278:Volhynia
1249:Grunwald
1214:Smolensk
1194:Eišiškės
1140:Jasiniec
1129:Dirschau
1065:Hussites
1020:Volhynia
1012:Smolensk
987:veldamas
975:Volhynia
943:Ashmyany
898:at Dąbki
886:Nieszawa
858:Volhynia
819:Moldavia
747:Volhynia
702:Orthodox
563:, after
206:Support:
156:Support:
55:Location
4173:,
4171:history
4062:on the
3426:Bohemia
2348:1314175
2309:(502).
2171:4169234
1498:242–243
1241:Polotsk
1218:Gerasim
1198:Vilnius
1160:Łęczyca
1121:Schwetz
1113:Prussia
1105:Neumark
1099:of the
1044:Vilnius
1008:Vitebsk
1004:Polotsk
971:Podolia
955:Polotsk
927:Sieradz
900:, near
890:Kuyavia
870:Zbarazh
862:Horodło
817:, with
813:, with
780:Jogaila
776:Podolia
743:Podolia
627:Prelude
613:Prussia
609:Hussite
343:Jogaila
299:†
267:†
223:Hussite
219:Orphans
3203:(1941)
3184:(1923)
3122:(1812)
3080:(1794)
2989:(1651)
2974:(1638)
2968:(1637)
2943:(1630)
2937:(1625)
2913:(1619)
2901:(1606)
2893:(1610)
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2683:(1422)
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1202:Trakai
1152:Prague
1125:Danzig
1117:Konitz
998:, and
937:, and
894:Krajna
868:, and
796:fealty
669:, the
639:, and
587:, the
555:was a
535:Ašmena
295:
263:
67:Result
2020:(PDF)
2013:(PDF)
1962:(PDF)
1363:[
1282:Lutsk
1190:Kreva
1095:Duke
1062:Czech
1000:Minsk
902:Nakel
874:Lutsk
2513:ISBN
2485:ISBN
2451:ISBN
2422:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2374:LCCN
2344:OCLC
2311:ISSN
2278:ISBN
2224:OCLC
2199:OCLC
2167:OCLC
2140:ISBN
2109:ISBN
2079:OCLC
2048:ISBN
1984:LCCN
1930:LCCN
1896:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1804:LCCN
1764:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1650:ISBN
1600:LCCN
1571:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1301:and
1276:and
1274:Kiev
1204:and
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1075:and
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1038:and
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