71:
586:, the carriage "Experiment", and a further 20 wagons of passengers, guests, and workmen. Around 300 tickets had been sold, but about twice as many people were believed to have been aboard. The train, which had an estimated weight of 80 metric tons (79 long tons; 88 short tons) and was 400 feet (121.9 metres) long, reached a maximum speed of 12 miles per hour (19 km/h)), and took two hours to complete the first 8.7 miles (14.0 km) of the journey to Darlington, slowed by a derailed wagon and a blocked
481:
740:. Some in Darlington objected to the move, as the locomotive had resided in Darlington since preservation, and is depicted on the town's coat of arms and on the badges of its football and rugby clubs; it is claimed by some that the locomotive is only owned by the NRM due to an accident of history. An agreement was reached between Darlington Borough Council and the
755:. After a period on display at the Locomotion museum, it moved to Head of Steam in April 2021, replacing the original. Originally only at Darlington on loan from Beamish, ownership of the replica was transferred to Darlington Borough Council, which will see the replica returned to service in time for the S&D's 200th anniversary.
594:
622:
was rebuilt and returned to service and ran until 1850. The engine changed over time; Hackworth changed the wheels from spoked to two piece centre and rims and a
Freemantle (parallel) motion replaced the Stephenson's slidebars. On 4 June 1846, it hauled the opening train on the Middlesbrough and
570:
and
Darlington, with a number of the railway's directors aboard the railway's first passenger coach, known as "Experiment". The driver, who had to perch on a small platform beside the boiler, was James Stephenson, the elder brother of George Stephenson; the fireman, William Gowling, stood on a
565:
was transported by road from
Newcastle to Darlington in September 1825. On 26 September, the day before the opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the locomotive was taken on a trial run between
453:
On 23 June 1823, the pioneering locomotive manufacturer Robert
Stephenson and Company was established by the railway engineers George Stephenson and his son Robert Stephenson, and the businessmen
464:
On 16 September 1824, the S&DR ordered a pair of steam locomotives, at a price of £550 (about £55,577 today) each. This order was historically important as the first of these locomotives,
680:
was steamed for the
Stockton and Darlington Railway's Golden Jubilee in September 1875, and to participate in a procession of locomotives at the George Stephenson Centenary in June 1881.
461:. In November of that year, only months after the company started operations, a key order was placed by the Stockton & Darlington Railway Company for four stationary engines.
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is believed to have been the first locomotive to use coupling rods to connect its driving wheels together, an approach that considerably decreased the chance of slipping.
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hauled the first train on the
Stockton and Darlington Railway, the first locomotive to run on a public railway. On 1 July 1828, it was heavily damaged when its
720:(NRM), now part of the Science Museum Group (SMG). The locomotive, as its ownership changed, remained in Darlington from 1857, in later years on display at the
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was ordered by the
Stockton and Darlington Railway Company in September 1824; its design benefitted from George Stephenson's experience building his series of
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676:. It was on exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, Newcastle in 1881, Chicago in 1883, Liverpool in 1886, Newcastle in 1887, Paris in 1889, Edinburgh in 1890.
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732:. From 1975, it was formally on loan by the NRM to Head of Steam. The loan agreement expired in March 2021, after which the locomotive was moved to
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combined and built on the improvements that George
Stephenson had incorporated in his Killingworth locomotives. Construction was supervised by
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is most notable for being the first locomotive to haul a passenger train on a public railway, rather than for the innovations in its design.
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s maximum speed was about 15 mph (24 km/h). A pair of cross-heads above the cylinders transmitted the power through a pair of
697:, another early locomotive, on one of the platforms overlooking the S&DR line to Saltburn-by-the-Sea at Darlington's main station
665:, saving it from the scrapyard when its working life had ended; it was one of the first locomotives to be restored for preservation.
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return to
Darlington for extended visits in the lead-up to the 200th anniversary of the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 2025.
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425:
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George
Stephenson, the Locomotive and the First Public Railway: A Lecture Delivered at the Salford Royal Museum and Library
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station, killing its driver, John Cree. It was rebuilt, but as a consequence of the rapid advances in locomotive design,
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As the original locomotive is too fragile to return to steam, a working replica was built in 1975, and was resident at
1337:
Locomotion No 1: An Assessment of its History and Modifications Through Archaeological and Archival Study (June 2023)
684:
always returned to its static display in Darlington, the headquarters of the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company.
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is such an important part of Darlington's history that it is depicted on the town's coat of arms, and on the badge of
604:
continued to haul trains on the S&DR for three years. On 1 July 1828, the locomotive was heavily damaged when the
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hauled the first train on the Stockton and Darlington Railway, driven by George Stephenson. The train consisted of
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to link together its driving wheels, reducing the chance of the wheels slipping on the iron rails. However, the
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station, killing driver John Cree, and wounding water pumper Edward Turnbull. Cree had tied down the arm of a
504:. The locomotive weighed 6.6 tonnes, with many elements, including the boiler, cylinders and wheels, made of
609:
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in the chimney. The single-flue boiler had a lower heating surface-to-water ratio than later boiler designs.
416:
was preserved and put on display. Between 1892 and 1975, it was on static display at one of the platforms at
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became obsolete within a decade. It was used on the railway until 1850, after which it was converted into a
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526:, 9 inches (230 mm) in diameter, which were half embedded within the boiler. The boiler had a
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used high-pressure (50 psi) steam generated in a centre-flue boiler and driving a pair of vertical
501:
370:
359:. It became the first steam locomotive to haul a passenger-carrying train on a public railway, the
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1153:"Science Museum Group and Darlington Borough Council agree future plans for Locomotion No. 1"
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historic item, all of which were transferred as the National Collection in 1968 to the
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Locomotion : concept to creation : the story of the reproduction, 1973–1975
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In 1856, Joseph Pease and his family spent £50 to restore the S&DR Company's
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472:), was the first steam locomotive to haul a passenger train on a public railway.
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Stretton, Clement E. (June 1897). "Early Engines of Stephenson and Company".
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871:"Locomotion No. 1, George Stephenson and the world's first public railway"
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709:. In 1975 Darlington built its railway museum around Locomotion No. 1.
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proved to be a weakness, providing a poorer heating surface than later
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Between 1857 and the 1880s, it was usually on the pedestal display at
616:, which caused the boiler pressure to rise to the point of explosion.
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1322:
Locomotion Mythbusting: The TRUTH About the Infamous 1825 Locomotive
705:, it was temporarily relocated (at Stanhope) due to the threat of
567:
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was purchased by Joseph Pease and Partners and converted into a
590:
valve for an average speed of 8 miles per hour (13 km/h).
509:
1083:"Rival railway museums in row over steam locomotive ownership"
712:
As ownership of the railways changed, the locomotive became a
938:
For the Love of Trains: A Celebration of the World's Railways
204:
240 imp gal or 290 US gal or 1,100 L
157:
240:
9 in × 24 in (229 mm × 610 mm)
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that was built in 1825 by the pioneering railway engineers
1332:
Exploring Locomotion No 1's INTRIGUING Engineering Details
412:. In 1857, as a consequence of its historical importance,
1205:"Darlington to have replica Locomotion No 1 on display"
701:. During 1924 it was cosmetically restored. During the
1308:
http://www.spartacus-educational.com/RAlocomotion.htm
986:"Locomotion No. 1, Stockton & Darlington Railway"
1710:Locomotives of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
1689:History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830
1223:
1015:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 26.
1755:Railway accidents and incidents in County Durham
1701:
865:
863:
841:. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company: 143–146. 1875.
512:frame. It had four 4 feet (1.2 m) diameter
440:was put on display at the Head of Steam museum.
428:between 1975 and 2021. It was then moved to the
955:(4th ed.). London: Ian Allan. p. 16.
833:"The Origin and Progress of Steam Locomotion".
436:was built, and following years of operation at
1382:
623:Redcar Railway, a subsidiary of the S&DR.
538:, making use of a loose eccentric valve gear.
1368:
860:
571:footplate between the engine and the tender.
1740:Preserved steam locomotives of Great Britain
1128:"Watch: Locomotion No 1 arrives in Shildon"
1107:"Let's Keep our Railway Heritage on Track!"
1104:
988:. engineering-timelines.com. Archived from
980:
978:
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922:. London: Science Museum. 1958. p. 11.
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1334:from NRM's 'Curator with a Camera' channel
1317:No.1 on display at Darlington main station
1303:at the Darlington Bank Top station in 1959
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178:6.5 long tons (7.3 short tons; 6.6 t)
1116:. One Darlington Partnership. p. 21.
950:
944:
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770:, the first locomotive in New South Wales
488:, for the Stockton and Darlington Railway
1760:Technology history of the United Kingdom
1231:"Decision – Locomotion No 1 and Replica"
1100:
1098:
1096:
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935:
920:The British railway locomotive 1803–1850
883:
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432:museum in Shildon. A working replica of
377:was the first locomotive to make use of
1735:Individual locomotives of Great Britain
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728:, in the same building as Darlington's
78:at Darlington Railway Centre and Museum
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778:, the first American steam locomotive
426:Darlington North Road railway station
1765:Tourist attractions in County Durham
1285:Darlington Railway Centre and Museum
1159:. Science Museum Group. 5 March 2021
1052:"Coat of arms (crest) of Darlington"
931:
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634:for use at their West Collieries in
800:
734:the NRM's outpost museum in Shildon
418:Darlington Bank Top railway station
16:Early steam locomotive (built 1825)
13:
1328:'s 'Curator with a Camera' channel
1081:Mistlin, Alex (15 February 2021).
815:
196:1 t (1 long ton; 1 short ton)
14:
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691:was on static display along with
420:, and was then on display at the
1577:1829 Rainhill Trials locomotives
1294:at the Darlington Railway Museum
638:, where it was used until 1857.
220:60 sq ft (5.57 m)
69:
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1171:
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1120:
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854:Historic locomotive pocket book
656:
608:while the train was stopped at
361:Stockton and Darlington Railway
1684:History of steam road vehicles
1408:Murdoch's model steam carriage
1203:Lloyd, Chris (11 March 2021).
1105:Chris Lloyd (September 2020).
1011:Hewison, Christian H. (1983).
877:
856:. London: Batsford. p. 7.
597:Darlington Football Club badge
1:
940:. Summersdale Publishers Ltd.
936:Hamilton, Ray (10 May 2018).
811:. Bath: Parragon. p. 15.
793:
556:
357:Robert Stephenson and Company
355:at their manufacturing firm,
105:Robert Stephenson and Company
1439:The Coalbrookdale locomotive
1013:Locomotive Boiler Explosions
271:1,900 lbf (8.5 kN)
116:; 199 years ago
7:
1445:The Pen-y-Darren locomotive
1313:Photo (1975) of locomotive
1256:Jarman, Paul (6 May 2021).
758:
641:
212:50 psi (0.34 MPa)
10:
1791:
1235:Darlington Borough Council
786:, a sculpture inspired by
626:Following its withdrawal,
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261:15 mph (24 km/h)
50:
1775:Railway boiler explosions
1750:Railway accidents in 1828
1730:History of rail transport
1679:
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632:stationary pumping engine
484:The No. 1 engine, called
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170:48 in (1.219 m)
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1451:The Newcastle locomotive
1261:Beamish Transport Online
1258:"T&I News 9 2021..."
951:Casserley, H.C. (1976).
904:Bowes, Alderman (1883).
852:Casserley, H.C. (1960).
371:Killingworth locomotives
51:Not to be confused with
1745:Early steam locomotives
1211:. Newsquest Media Group
718:National Railway Museum
674:Hopetown Carriage Works
293:Stockton and Darlington
1346:Part 2 (p. 108 to end)
809:British steam railways
598:
574:On 27 September 1825,
489:
373:. It is believed that
1631:Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
1422:London Steam Carriage
1341:Part 1 (up to p. 107)
1040:. Vol. 57. 1925.
953:Preserved locomotives
596:
483:
1656:John Urpeth Rastrick
1184:. Locomotion Trust.
1038:The Railway Magazine
835:The Engineering News
807:Ross, David (2004).
742:Science Museum Group
687:From 1892 to 1975,
582:, eleven wagons of
392:In September 1825,
320:Locomotion, Shildon
253:Performance figures
33: /
1720:English inventions
1671:Richard Trevithick
1514:Killingworth Billy
1178:Satow, F. (1976).
730:North Road station
672:workshop near the
599:
490:
387:multi-flue boilers
383:centre-flue boiler
337:(originally named
318:static display at
1770:George Stephenson
1725:Historic vehicles
1715:0-4-0 locomotives
1697:
1696:
1666:Robert Stephenson
1661:George Stephenson
1636:Timothy Hackworth
1385:steam locomotives
1209:The Northern Echo
1132:The Northern Echo
886:The Railway World
670:Alfred Kitching's
651:its football team
498:Timothy Hackworth
459:Thomas Richardson
410:stationary engine
353:Robert Stephenson
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302:27 September 1825
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1570:Stourbridge Lion
1546:Lancashire Witch
1538:The Royal George
1530:Locomotion No. 1
1458:Catch Me Who Can
1401:fardier à vapeur
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703:Second World War
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620:Locomotion No. 1
602:Locomotion No. 1
576:Locomotion No. 1
563:Locomotion No. 1
551:Locomotion No. 1
540:Locomotion No. 1
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470:Locomotion No. 1
424:museum based at
375:Locomotion No. 1
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1237:. 17 April 2021
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992:on 19 June 2018
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908:. John Heywood.
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549:considers that
547:H. C. Casserley
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468:(later renamed
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267:Tractive effort
217:Heating surface
209:Boiler pressure
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1590:Sans Pareil
1498:Wylam Dilly
1482:Steam Horse
1061:15 February
532:Locomotion'
315:Disposition
175:Loco weight
40: /
1704:Categories
1315:Locomotion
1301:Locomotion
1292:Locomotion
1157:Locomotion
1022:0715383051
962:071100725X
794:References
766:Locomotive
746:Locomotion
738:Locomotion
726:Darlington
724:museum in
689:Locomotion
682:Locomotion
628:Locomotion
580:Locomotion
557:Operations
520:Locomotion
486:Locomotion
434:Locomotion
430:Locomotion
414:Locomotion
406:Locomotion
394:Locomotion
367:Locomotion
333:Locomotion
201:Water cap.
111:Build date
93:Power type
76:Locomotion
62:Locomotion
25:54°32′10″N
1624:Designers
1466:Salamanca
1399:Cugnot's
1383:Pre-1830
1190:504762380
775:Tom Thumb
588:feed pump
528:blastpipe
524:cylinders
506:cast iron
299:First run
289:Operators
226:Cylinders
183:Fuel type
28:1°33′18″W
1562:Agenoria
1522:The Duke
1137:25 March
1036:"News".
759:See also
736:, named
699:Bank Top
642:Heraldry
146:
1613:Invicta
1583:Novelty
1490:Blücher
1432:Railway
1266:10 June
1241:10 June
1215:10 June
1163:10 June
996:19 June
707:bombing
694:Derwent
568:Shildon
545:Author
508:, on a
449:Origins
444:History
307:Retired
119: (
101:Builder
1616:(1829)
1597:Rocket
1573:(1829)
1565:(1829)
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1410:(1784)
1404:(1769)
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510:timber
476:Design
466:Active
349:George
340:Active
284:Career
165:Driver
1324:from
1110:(PDF)
768:No. 1
335:No. 1
158:0-4-0
153:Whyte
96:Steam
64:No. 1
1392:Road
1268:2021
1243:2021
1217:2021
1186:OCLC
1165:2021
1139:2021
1063:2021
1017:ISBN
998:2018
957:ISBN
584:coal
500:and
457:and
351:and
310:1857
187:Coke
167:dia.
121:1825
114:1825
1326:NRM
400:at
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55:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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