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50 horses shared the traffic with 19 locomotives, but travelled at different speeds, so to help regulate traffic horse-drawn trains were required to operate in groups of four or five. This had led to horses, startled by a passing locomotive and coming off their dandy cart, being run down by the following train. On one occasion a driver fell asleep in the dandy cart of the preceding train and his horse, no longer being led, came to a stop and was run down by a locomotive. The rule book stated that locomotive-hauled trains had precedence over horse-drawn trains, but some horse drivers refused to give way and on one occasion a locomotive had to follow a horse-drawn train for over 2 miles (3 km). The committee decided in 1828 to replace horses with locomotives on the main line, starting with the coal trains, but there was resistance from some colliery owners. After the S&DR bought out the coach companies in August 1832, a mixed passenger and small goods service began between
Stockton and Darlington on 7 September 1833, travelling at 12–14 miles per hour (19–23 km/h); locomotive-hauled services began to Shildon in December 1833 and to Middlesbrough on 7 April 1834. The company had returned the five per cent dividend that had been promised by Edward Pease, and this had increased to eight per cent by the time he retired in 1832. When the treasurer Jonathan Backhouse retired in 1833 to become a Quaker minister, he was replaced by Joseph Pease.
903:
Parliament but withdrew after a design for a drawbridge was agreed with the
Navigation Company. The line to Middlesbrough was laid with malleable iron rails weighing 33 lb/yd (16 kg/m), resting on oak blocks. The suspension bridge had been designed to carry 150 tons, but the cast iron retaining plates split when it was tested with just 66 tons and loaded trains had to cross with the waggons split into groups of four linked by a 9-yard-long (8.2 m) chain. For the opening ceremony on 27 December 1830, "Globe", a new locomotive designed by Hackworth for passenger trains, hauled people in carriages and waggons fitted with seats across the bridge to the staiths at Port Darlington, which had berths for six ships. Stockton continued to be served by a station on the line to the quay until 1848, when it was replaced by a station on the Middlesbrough line on the other side of the Tees. Before May 1829, Thomas Richardson had bought about 500 acres (200 ha) near Port Darlington, and with Joseph and Edward Pease and others he formed the Owners of the Middlesbrough Estate to develop it. Middlesbrough had only a few houses before the coming of the railway, but a year later had a population of over 2,000 and at the 2011 census had over 138,000 people.
2163:
1076:
710: lb/yd (28.5 kg/m) cast iron rails were used for junctions. The line was single track with four passing loops each mile; square sleepers supported each rail separately so that horses could walk between them. Stone was used for the sleepers to the west of Darlington and oak to the east; Stephenson would have preferred all of them to have been stone, but the transport cost was too high as they were quarried in the Auckland area. The railway opened with the company owing money and unable to raise further loans; Pease advanced money twice early in 1826 so the workers could be paid. By August 1827 the company had paid its debts and was able to raise more money; that month the Black Boy branch opened and construction began on the Croft and Hagger Leases branches. During 1827 shares rose from £120 at the start to £160 at the end.
1434:
and
Stanhope (Crawley) on 1 September 1845; the Stanhope service was withdrawn at the end of 1846. Travelling north from Crook the carriages and waggons were drawn up the Sunniside Incline, a locomotive hauled the mixed train to Waskerley Park Junction, then they were let down Nanny Mayor's Incline and a locomotive took them forward. When returning, regulations required that the carriages run loose down the Sunniside Incline and they were let to run into Crook station, controlled by the guard using the carriage brakes. Later, a 730 feet (220 m) viaduct replaced the two inclines at Hownes Gill ravine on 1 July 1858. A deviation replacing Nanny's Mayor's Incline, as well as a curve that allowed trains from Crook direct access to Rowley, was opened for freight on 23 May 1859 and for passenger traffic on 4 July 1859.
646:(horses) who had tried to keep up with the procession. The train stopped when the waggon carrying the company surveyors and engineers lost a wheel; the waggon was left behind and the train continued. The train stopped again, this time for 35 minutes to repair the locomotive and the train set off again, reaching 15 mph (24 km/h) before it was welcomed by an estimated 10,000 people as it came to a stop at the Darlington branch junction. Eight and a half miles (14 km) had been covered in two hours, and subtracting the 55 minutes accounted by the two stops, it had travelled at an average speed of 8 mph (13 km/h). Six waggons of coal were distributed to the poor, workers stopped for refreshments and many of the passengers from Brusselton alighted at Darlington, to be replaced by others.
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years. This required a payment of £47,000 each year, exceeding the SD&R's net revenue; traffic from the
Derwent Iron Company was reduced during a period of financial difficulty and the Black Boy colliery switched to sending its coal to Hartlepool. No dividend was paid in 1848 and the next few years; lease payments were made out of reserves. The S&DR announced a bill in November 1848 to permit a lease by and amalgamation with the YN&BR, but this was withdrawn after the YN&BR share price crashed and its chairman Hudson resigned after questions were raised about his share dealings. In 1850 the S&DR had share capital of £250,000 but owed £650,000, most of this without the authority of Parliament until 1849; the debt was converted into shares in 1851.
36:
1088:
were still in use, but there were also modern railway carriages, some first class with three compartments each seating eight passengers, and second class carriages that seated up to 40. Luggage and sometimes the guard travelled on the carriage roof; a passenger travelling third class suffered serious injuries after falling from the roof in 1840. Passenger trains averaged 22–25 mph (35–40 km/h), and a speed of 42 mph (68 km/h) was recorded. Over 200,000 passengers were carried in the year to 1 October 1838, and in 1839 there were twelve trains each day between
Middlesbrough and Stockton, six trains between Stockton and Darlington, and three between Darlington and Shildon, where a carriage was fitted with
869:. Meetings held in Stockton in early 1828 supported the Tees Navigation and the Clarence Railway, but the S&DR received permission for its branch on 23 May 1828 after promising to complete the Hagger Leases Branch and to build a bridge across the Tees at least 72 feet (22 m) wide and 19 feet (5.8 m) above low water, so as not to affect shipping. Two members of the management committee resigned, as they felt that Stockton would be adversely affected by the line, and Meynell, the S&DR chairman, stepped down from leadership. The Clarence Railway was approved a few days later, with the same gauge as the S&DR. The route of the Clarence Railway was afterwards amended to reach Samphire Batts, later known as
1990:
714:
1140:
453:
308:
2010:, who had taken over from Hackworth as Locomotive Supervisor in 1840, it completed its first locomotive in 1864. In 1858 the Brusselton Inclines were bypassed by a line from the north end of Shildon Tunnel; the same year a passenger service started on the Hagger Leases branch and a mineral line opened from Crook via two inclines to Waterhouse. The section of the SD&LUR between West Auckland and Barnard Castle opened for minerals in July 1863 and passengers on 1 August 1863, together with a direct line from Bishop Auckland to West Auckland. Stations at Evenwood and Cockfield replaced stations on the Hagger Leases branch.
1772:
1647:
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1283:
2190:, which recommended closing the network's least used stations and lines. This included the remaining former S&DR lines except for the line between Darlington and Saltburn via Stockton and Middlesbrough. Passenger service between Nunthorpe and Guisborough was withdrawn in 1964; the service between Middlesbrough and Nunthorpe was retained. The line between Darlington and Barnard Castle and the branch to Middleton-in-Teesdale were closed to passengers on 30 November 1964. Trains were withdrawn north of Bishop Auckland on 8 March 1965, but the passenger service to Bishop Auckland was saved because of
805:
2261:
2427:
2354:
971:-mile (2.4 km) Croft branch at Darlington. The railway was to be built in sections, and to allow both to open at the same time permission for the more difficult line through the hills from Darlington to Newcastle was to be sought in 1836 and a bill for the easier line south of Darlington to York presented the following year. Pease specified a formation wide enough for four tracks, so freight could be carried at 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) and passengers at 60 mph (97 km/h), and George Stephenson had drawn up detailed plans by November. The Act for the
1896:
934:
895:
1256:
210:
2014:
423:
2251:, well before their colleagues at the NER headquarters in York felt this to be necessary. At a conference the next day attended by several company officials including Thomas MacNay and William Bouch it was noted that one of the options to achieve greater security was ‘to adopt the ‘block’ system of telegraph at intervals of 2 or 3 miles; that is not to allow an engine to pass any of such stations until it has been signalled that the previous train was past the station to which it was approaching.’
2125:
658:, it gained speed and reached 15 mph (24 km/h) again, before a man clinging to the outside of a waggon fell off and his foot was crushed by the following vehicle. As work on the final section of track to Stockton's quayside was still ongoing, the train halted at the temporary passenger terminus at St John's Well 3 hours, 7 minutes after leaving Darlington. The opening ceremony was considered a success and that evening 102 people sat down to a celebratory dinner at the Town Hall.
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1620:
1248:
912:
1834:
the Tees
Conservancy Commissioners and they moored barges along the foreshore to obstruct construction. In what became known as the Battle of the Tees, a fight broke out when a steam tug sent by the commissioners interrupted men moving the barges. The barges were successfully moved, but a more serious fight developed the following night when three of the commissioners' steam tugs arrived. The police then kept watch on the works until they were finished.
2277:
the opening of the world's first steam operated public railway: the
Darlington North Road workshops housed a locomotive exhibition, a statue of Joseph Pease was unveiled in Darlington, his portrait presented to the Darlington Corporation and a banquet held. Fifty years later centenary celebrations were held in July to allow guests from foreign countries visiting the International Railway Congress to take part. An exhibition of rolling stock at the new
1058:, that ran with four-wheeled tenders with two water butts, each capable of holding 600 imperial gallons (2,700 L; 720 US gal) of water. The line descended from Shildon to Stockton, assisting the trains that carried coal to the docks at a maximum speed of 6 mph (9.7 km/h); the drivers were fined if caught travelling faster than 8 mph (13 km/h), and one was dismissed for completing the forty-mile return journey in
2049:. When they approached the S&DR with a proposal to merge, the directors deciding they preferred a merger with the NER than eventually becoming part of the LNWR, entered negotiations. Opposed by the NER, the Newcastle, Derwent & Weardale Railway bill was approved by the House of Commons in 1861, but the line was eventually rejected by the House of Lords. The SD&LUR and EVR were absorbed by the S&DR on 30 June 1862.
2144:, which had opened in 1908 between Middlesbrough and Thornaby. The trains took the former S&DR line from Shildon to Simpasture Junction, joining the former Clarence Railway line to Carlton, where a later line allowed access to the Stockton to Middlesbrough extension. The locomotives operated for 20 years, but then coal traffic had reduced, which made it uneconomical to maintain the electrification system.
2419:
Junction, where the 1853 Leeds
Northern route is taken through Eaglescliffe station to Stockton Cut Junction. The non-electrified line then follows the S&DR route for 19 miles (31 km) to Saltburn, except for later deviations at Thornaby (1908) and Redcar (1978). The former Middlesbrough & Guisborough Railway line is open between Guisborough Junction and Nunthorpe as part of the Community Rail
48:
1962:, 1,040 feet (320 m) long and 196 feet (60 m) high. A new station was built to replace the terminus at Barnard Castle. A mineral train ran between Barnard Castle and Barras on 26 March 1861, and mineral traffic worked through to Tebay from 4 July 1861. There was an opening ceremony on 7 August 1861 and the SD&LUR west of Barnard Castle opened to passengers the following day. Two
1915:. In the early 1850s, this ore was travelling the long way round over the Newcastle & Carlisle Railway to the Barrow-in-Furness area, and Durham coke was returning. Both the South Durham & Lancashire Union Railway (SD&LUR) and the Eden Valley Railway (EVR) companies were formed on 20 September 1856. Taking advantage of the new railway at Barnard Castle, the SD&LUR crossed the
597:
1131:. The suspension bridge across the Tees was replaced by a cast iron bridge on masonry piers in 1841. After three years and an expenditure of £122,000 (equivalent to £9.65m at 2011 prices), the formal opening of the new dock took place on 12 May 1842. The S&DR provided most of the finance, and the dock was absorbed by the company in 1849.
766:, the second locomotive, arrived in November 1825 but needed a week to ready it for the line – the cast-iron wheels were a source of trouble. Two more locomotives of a similar design arrived in 1826; that August, 16s 9d was spent on ale to motivate the men maintaining the engines. By the end of 1827, the company had also bought
986:
but construction was delayed, and after several bridges collapsed the engineer Thomas Storey was replaced by Robert
Stephenson. The S&DR sold its Croft branch to the GNER, and the railway opened for coal traffic on 4 January 1841 using S&DR locomotives. The railway opened to passengers with its own locomotives on 30 March.
792:
states that the company was unsure as to the real costs as they reported to shareholders in 1828 that the saving using locomotives was 30 per cent. Young also showed that Pease and
Richardson were both concerned about their investment in the Newcastle works and Pease unsuccessfully tried to sell his share to George Stephenson.
2443:, published in December 2013 its ambition to improve passenger services, with the priority of an all day two trains an hour service over the Darlington to Saltburn and Nunthorpe to Hartlepool routes using new trains; additional platforms are needed at Darlington station to allow this service frequency. A station serving
2159:. In the early 1950s control was split between the North Eastern and London Midland regions with Kirkby Stephen as the boundary. Local passenger trains were withdrawn between Kirkby Stephen and Tebay on 1 December 1952. The service along Weardale was withdrawn on 29 June 1953 and services north of Crook on 11 June 1956.
1998:
used on trains in the mid-1850s: a horse-drawn coach was still independently operated between Middlesbrough and Stockton in 1854 on Sundays, as the only S&DR services that run on that day were the mail trains, and locomotives replaced horses on passenger trains to West Auckland in 1856. The S&DR opened a
2674:, pp. 109–110) describes the coach as having a table, cushioned seats and carpets, and criticises the Smiles image for the lack of roof seats, having the wheels outside the coach frame and says that the drawing in Smiles does not look like a vehicle that was built for £80 (approximately £8300 in 2023).
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In the 19th century members of the Society of Friends travelled to attend regular meetings and came to know Quakers elsewhere, this leading to marriages and business partnerships. The Society of Friends published guidance on conduct that included honesty in business matters, and this gave Quakers the
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between Saltburn and Darlington, and ten trains a day continue to Bishop Auckland. One train per hour leaves Middlesbrough going south to Manchester Airport via Yarm and another travels north to Newcastle via Sunderland. There are eighteen trains a day between Middlesbrough and Nunthorpe, and four of
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The Stockton and Darlington was not the first railway and a train had previously carried passengers, but its opening in 1825 was seen as proof of the effectiveness of steam railways as a means of public transport. A jubilee was held on 27 and 28 September 1875 to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of
2052:
With 200 route miles (320 km) of line and about 160 locomotives, the Stockton and Darlington Railway became part of the North Eastern Railway on 13 July 1863. Due to a clause in the act of Parliament, the railway was managed as the independent Darlington Section until 1876, when the lines became
1595:
west of Bishop Auckland. By 1851, Derwent Iron had opened a mine in the area and began moving ironstone 54 miles (87 km) to Consett, and the S&DR had paid the arrears on its debt and was able to pay a dividend the following year, albeit only 4 per cent; between 1849 and 1853 the traffic more
1433:
ran from Waskerley on the Wear & Derwent to Crook on the BA&WR and included the Sunniside Incline worked by a stationary engine. Sponsored by the Derwent Iron Company, the 10-mile (16 km) line was built by the S&DR and opened on 16 May 1845. A passenger service started to Hownes Gill
1152:
chaired a meeting of representatives of north-eastern railways that wished a railway to be built via the east coast. In the 1830s a number of railways had opened in the area between Darlington and Newcastle, and Robert Stephenson was engaged to select a route using these railways as much as possible.
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miles (55.5 km) from Newcastle to Darlington was given royal assent on 4 July 1836, but little work had been done by the time the 43 miles (69 km) from Croft to York received permission on 12 July the following year. In August a general meeting decided to start work on the southern section,
919:
In 1830, the company opened new offices at the corner of Northgate and Union Street in Darlington. Between 1831 and 1832 a second track was laid between Stockton and the foot of Brusselton Bank. Workshops were built at Shildon for the maintenance and construction of locomotives. In 1830 approximately
2075:
The NER had built a branch in the late 1850s from Durham to Bishop Auckland, but used a separate station in the town until December 1867, when all services began to use the S&DR station. The Sunniside Incline was replaced by a deviation, albeit with gradients of 1 in 51 and 1 in 52, which opened
1997:
In 1854, there were five or six trains a day between Darlington and Redcar and three a day between Darlington and Frosterley. Travelling at average speeds of 19–24 miles per hour (31–39 km/h), passengers were charged from 1d per mile for third class to 2.2d per mile for first. Horses were still
1833:
An application to Parliament for a jetty in the following year was unsuccessful, but in 1860 the Upsall, Normanby & Ormesby Railway received permission for a line with access to the river, the S&DR claim of exclusive rights to the foreshore having been rejected. The jetty was also opposed by
1300:
An Act for incorporating certain Persons for the making and maintaining a Railway from near the Black Boy Branch of the Stockton and Darlington Railway in the Township of Saint Andrew Auckland to or near to Wilton Park Colliery, with a Branch therefrom, all in the County of Durham, to be called "The
833:
The export of coal had become the railway's main business, but the staiths at Stockton had inadequate storage and the size of ships was limited by the depth of the Tees. A branch from Stockton to Haverton, on the north bank of the Tees, was proposed in 1826, and the engineer Thomas Storey proposed a
244:
A few years later, a canal was proposed on a route that bypassed Darlington and Yarm, and a meeting was held in Yarm to oppose the route. The Welsh engineer George Overton was consulted, and he advised building a tramroad. Overton carried out a survey and planned a route from the Etherley and Witton
1420:
and Stanhope had opened in 1834. Steam locomotives worked the section east of Annfield, and in the western section inclines were worked by stationary engines or gravity, with horses hauling waggons over level track. The lime kilns and the line between Stanhope and Carrhouse closed in 1840, and with
825:, which served the Yarm branch from 16 October. There were no stations: in Darlington the coaches picked up passengers near the north road crossing, whereas in Stockton they picked up at different places on the quay. Between 30,000 and 40,000 passengers were carried between July 1826 and June 1827.
816:
coach hauled by a horse. The coach was initially timetabled to travel from Stockton to Darlington in two hours, with a fare of 1s, and made a return journey four days a week and a one-way journey on Tuesdays and Saturdays. In April 1826, the operation of the coach was contracted for £200 a year; by
791:
it was "as a last experiment" to "make an engine in his own way". Both Tomlinson and Rolt state this claim was unfounded and the company had shown earlier that locomotives were superior to horses, Tomlinson showing that coal was being moved using locomotives at half the cost of horses. Robert Young
470:
An Act to enable the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company to vary and alter the Line of their Railway, and also the Line or Lines of some of the Branches therefrom, and to make, an additional Branch therefrom, and for altering and enlarging the Powers of the Act passed for making and maintaining
359:
on 19 April 1821, allowed for a railway that could be used by anyone with suitably built vehicles on payment of a toll, that was closed at night, and with which land owners within 5 miles (8 km) could build branches and make junctions; no mention was made of steam locomotives. This new railway
2413:
uses most of the former Stockton and Darlington Railway between Bishop Auckland and Saltburn. From Bishop Auckland the non-electrified line is single track to Shildon, double track to Heighington, and single track to the junction with the East Coast Main Line north of Darlington. This section is a
2400:
On 14 June 2007, during excavations for road building, some of the original stone sleepers used by the railway in 1825 were discovered intact near Lingfield Point. The stones each weigh about 75 pounds (34 kg) and have bolt holes for the chairs that secured the rail. Officials involved in the
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locomotives for the line over Stainmore in 1860, and another fourteen with this wheel arrangement had been built by 1874. S&DR services and those on the ECML called at different stations in Darlington until 1887, when S&DR trains were diverted through a rebuilt Darlington Bank Top station,
842:
was about to improve the river and proposed that the railway delay application to Parliament, but, despite opposition, at a meeting in January 1828 it was decided to proceed. A more direct northerly route from Auckland to the Tees had been considered since 1819, and the Tees & Weardale Railway
786:
in the works at Shildon; it started work at the end of November. John Wesley Hackworth later published an account stating that locomotives would have been abandoned were it not for the fact that Pease and Thomas Richardson were partners with Stephenson in the Newcastle works, and that when Timothy
641:
The directors had allowed room for 300 passengers, but the train left carrying between 450 and 600 people, most travelling in empty waggons but some on top of waggons full of coal. Brakesmen were placed between the waggons, and the train set off, led by a man on horseback with a flag. It picked up
400:
during the survey, and by the end of 1821 had reported that a usable line could be built within the bounds of the act of Parliament, but another route would be shorter by 3 miles (5 km) and avoid deep cuttings and tunnels. Overton had kept himself available, but had no further involvement and
1147:
The GNER had authority for a railway from York to Newcastle; it opened to Darlington in 1841 having spent all of its authorised capital and could not start work on the extension to Newcastle. At the time Parliament was considering the route of a railway between England and Scotland and favoured a
1087:
The railway had modern passenger locomotives, some with four wheels. There were passenger stations at Stockton, Middlesbrough, Darlington, Shildon and West Auckland, and trains also stopped at Middlesbrough Junction, Yarm Junction, Fighting Cocks and Heighington. Some of the modified road coaches
342:
about the line passing over his land. The railway was unopposed this time, but the bill nearly failed to enter the committee stage as the required four-fifths of shares had not been sold. Pease subscribed £7,000; from that time he had considerable influence over the railway and it became known as
187:
in 1863, transferring 200 route miles (320 route kilometres) of line and about 160 locomotives, but continued to operate independently as the Darlington Section until 1876. S&DR opening was seen as proof of steam railway effectiveness and its anniversary was celebrated in 1875, 1925 and 1975.
1566:
Just before the line opened on 22 July 1847, the Wear Valley Railway absorbed the Shildon Tunnel, Bishop Auckland & Weardale Railway, Weardale Extension Railway and Wear & Derwent Railway and then the S&DR leased the Wear Valley Railway and Middlesbrough & Redcar Railways for 999
1607:
to a junction with the Stockton to Hartlepool line and a section of the route ran parallel to the S&DR alongside the Yarm to Stockton Road. The S&DR was originally on the east side of the road, but the LNR built its line with four tracks on the other side of the road, leasing two to the
902:
The Croft branch opened in October 1829. Construction of the suspension bridge across the Tees started in July 1829, but was suspended in October after the Tees Navigation Company pointed out the S&DR had no permission to cross the Old Channel of the Tees. The S&DR prepared to return to
795:
New locomotives were ordered from Stephenson's, but the first was too heavy when it arrived in February 1828. It was rebuilt with six wheels and hailed as a great improvement, Hackworth being told to convert the remaining locomotives as soon as possible. In 1828, two locomotive boilers exploded
617:
following the completion of its journey by road from Newcastle earlier that same day. Pease, Stephenson and other members of the committee then made an experimental journey to Darlington before taking the locomotive and coach to Shildon in preparation for the opening day, with James Stephenson,
2418:
called the Bishop line, and is sometimes known as the Heritage Line because of its links with the S&DR. South of Darlington, trains take the 1887 line before joining the original 1825 route to Stockton at the site of Oak Tree Junction. The line is 8 miles (13 km) to Eaglescliffe South
1968:
locomotives with enclosed cabs had been built for the line in 1860 by Stephenson and Co, and the S&DR worked traffic from the start: two return services a day were provided for passengers. The EVR opened to mineral traffic on 8 April 1862 and passengers on 9 June 1862, to the south-facing
754:
d per ton per mile, which had been assumed would make the business uneconomic. There was interest from London for 100,000 tons a year, so the company began investigations in September 1825. In January 1826, the first staith opened at Stockton, designed so waggons over a ship's hold could
2178:
took over passenger services in the north east except those on the ECML, and were introduced to the line over Stainmore in February 1958. The passenger service was withdrawn between Barnard Castle and Penrith on 20 January 1962, and between Bishop Auckland and Barnard Castle on 12 June 1962.
2246:
On 4 April 1865 at Hartburn (Stockton), the 3:55 pm passenger train from Darlington to Saltburn collided with some chaldron wagons which had become detached from a Shildon to Middlesbrough coal train. Though this was not a serious accident it was to result in the S&DR adopting the
649:
Two waggons for the Yarm Band were attached, and at 12:30 pm the locomotive started for Stockton, now hauling 31 vehicles with 550 passengers. On the 5 miles (8 km) of nearly level track east of Darlington the train struggled to reach more than 4 mph (6.4 km/h). At
396:, and appointed Stephenson to make a fresh survey of the line. Stephenson recommended using malleable iron rails, even though he owned a share of the patent for the alternative cast iron rails, and both types were used. Stephenson was assisted by his 18-year-old son
2812:
In the year ending June 1849, they carried 21 million ton miles, which rose to 48 million in the year ending December 1853. Ironstone shipments increased from 28,000 tons in the six months before December 1849 to 231,000 tons in the six months before December
1421:
the Stanhope to Annfield section losing money, the insolvent railway company was dissolved on 5 February 1841. The northern section became the Pontop and South Shields Railway and the southern section from Stanhope to Carrhouse was bought by the newly formed
2802:
following the practice on stage-coaches; express trains with premium fares were known as first-class trains. The S&DR introduced third class accommodation on some trains in 1835 as people unable to afford a second class ticket had been walking along the
1870:, from the S&DR at a junction near North Road station and along the River Tees, was proposed in 1852; this route bypassed as far as possible the Duke of Cleveland's estate, as he had opposed an earlier railway. An application that year failed, but the
2683:
These waggons (known as wagons after about 1830) were designed to carry a Newcastle chaldron (pronounced chalder in Newcastle) of coal, about 53 long cwt (5,900 lb; 2,700 kg). This differed from the London chaldron, which was 36
1844:. Returning late for dinner, he explained he had walked to Saltburn, then a group of fisherman's cottages, where he had had a "sort of prophetic vision" of a town with gardens. With other S&DR directors he planned the town, with gardens and
538:, on which Stephenson had introduced steam locomotives. A new bill was presented, requesting Stephenson's deviations from the original route and the use of "loco-motives or moveable engines", and this received royal assent on 23 May 1823 as the
2214:
On 5 March 1827, an unnamed woman described as "a blind American beggar" was fatally injured by a train on the railway. This was the first recorded death due to a railway locomotive, coming three years before the more widely reported death of
2482:"In the mean time, a bill is to be brought into Parliament to carry a rail-way from Bishop Auckland to Darlington and Stockton. Mr. Stevenson ... has been called ... to give an opinion as to the best line. The work is estimated at 120,000
1474:
An Act for making a Railway, to be called "The Wear Valley Railway," from and out of the Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway to Frosterley, with a Branch terminating at or near Bishopley Crag in Stan hope in Weardale, all in the County of
618:
George's elder brother, at the controls. On 27 September, between 7 am and 8 am, 12 waggons of coal were drawn up Etherley North Bank by a rope attached to the stationary engine at the top, and then let down the South Bank to
2174:, known formally as the "Modernisation and Re-Equipment of the British Railways", was published in December 1954. With the aim of increasing speed and reliability steam trains were replaced with electric and diesel traction. From 1954
604:
The cost of building the railway had greatly exceeded the estimates. By September 1825, the company had borrowed £60,000 in short-term loans and needed to start earning an income to ward off its creditors. A railway coach, named
2315:
on 27 September 1925, a Sunday to allow railwaymen to attend, where a pageant showed how transport had changed through time, beginning with a group of ancient Britons dragging a log with their belongings on top and ending with
800:
was introduced in mid-1828; it was a small cart at the end of the train that carried the horse downhill, allowing it to rest while the train descended under gravity. The S&DR made their use compulsory from November 1828.
268:
supported it at a public meeting in Darlington on 13 November 1818, promising a five per cent return on investment. Approximately two-thirds of the shares were sold locally, and the rest were bought by Quakers nationally. A
1007:
at Shincliffe. Early in 1842, the nominally independent Shildon Tunnel Company opened its 1,225-yard (1,120 m) tunnel through the hills at Shildon to the Wear basin and after laying 2 miles (3.2 km) of track to
2087:
The locomotive works at Darlington operated independently under Bouch until 1875, the locomotives having been renumbered by the NER a few years earlier. A variety of locomotives were used, the most common type were the
360:
initiated the construction of more railway lines, causing significant developments in railway mapping and cartography, iron and steel manufacturing, as well as in any industries requiring more efficient transportation.
581:
works at Forth Street, Newcastle, from which the following year the S&DR ordered two steam locomotives and two stationary engines. On 16 September 1825, with the stationary engines in place, the first locomotive,
1559:. The line opened on 3 August 1847, and the act also gave the S&DR permission for the Bishopley branch, over which 500,000 tons of limestone travelled in 1868. The line was extended in 1862 from Frosterley to
1072: hours. On average there were about 40 coal trains a day, hauling 28 waggons with a weight of 116 tons. There were about 5,000 privately owned waggons, and at any one time about 1,000 stood at Shildon depot.
796:
within four months, both killing the driver and both due to the safety valves being left fixed down while the engine was stationary. Horses were also used on the line, and they could haul up to four waggons. The
1234:
The N&DJR made an offer to lease the GNER and buy it within five years, and GNER shares increased in value by 44 per cent as the N&DJR took over on 1 July 1845; the N&DJR became part of the larger
1104:
for March 1843, after South Church opened, shows five services a day between Darlington and South Church via Shildon, with three between Shildon and St Helens. Also listed were six trains between Stockton and
136:
at Middlesbrough. While coal waggons were hauled by steam locomotives from the start, passengers were carried in coaches drawn by horses until carriages hauled by steam locomotives were introduced in 1833.
1230:
c. viii), secured the deviations from the GNER route in the south recommended by Stephenson. After the opening celebration on 18 June 1844, through services ran from London to Gateshead the following day.
401:
the shareholders elected Stephenson Engineer on 22 January 1822, with a salary of £660 per year. On 23 May 1822 a ceremony in Stockton celebrated the laying of the first track at St John's Well, the rails
1814:, from where a ferry would carry the ore across the Tees to the blast furnaces. When the proposal was before Parliament the S&DR suggested that their Middlesbrough & Redcar could be extended to
721:
The line was initially used to carry coal to Darlington and Stockton, carrying 10,000 tons in the first three months and earning nearly £2,000. In Stockton, the price of coal dropped from 18 to 12
887:
d per ton per mile landsale rate for coal it carried the 10 miles (16 km) from the collieries to Simpasture for forwarding to Port Clarence, rather than the lower shipping rate. By July 1834, the
755:
discharge coal from the bottom. About 18,500 tons of coal was transported to ships in the year ending June 1827, and this increased to over 52,000 tons the following year, 44.5% of the total carried.
1848:
by the station, and bought a house at 5 Britannia Terrace, where he stayed for a few weeks every summer. The extension opened in 1861, a station on the through line replacing the terminus at Redcar.
5115:
1612:
with an island platform between the tracks, and one side was used by S&DR trains and the other by the LNR. Rather than allow trains to approach the platform line from either direction, the
740:
d per ton per mile; from this they had to pay assistants and fireman and to buy coal for the locomotive. The 1821 act of Parliament had received opposition from the owners of collieries on the
2025:
with the SD&R via the Derwent Valley; by 1860 this had grown into the Newcastle, Derwent & Weardale Railway, which now bypassed the SD&R and linked with the SD&LUR, and the
1543:
c. cxxvii). The line branched off before the Middlesbrough terminus, which was closed and a new through station opened with the line on 4 June 1846. Also authorised in July 1845, by the
5860:
2324:, propelled by its tender, and more modern locomotives. On 31 August 1975, to celebrate the 150th anniversary, a cavalcade was held between Shildon and Heighington, where a replica of
338:
had made it unlikely a bill would pass that parliamentary year. The promoters lodged a bill on 30 September 1820, the route having changed again as agreement had not been reached with
2076:
for mineral traffic on 10 April 1867 and for passengers on 2 March 1868; after 1868 trains on this line were extended to serve Benfieldside station (later known as Blackhill and then
1981:
to provide access for mineral traffic to Cumberland. The L&CR agreed to allow the S&DR running rights over its line and services were extended to Penrith from 1 August 1863.
5340:
2155:(LNER). The passenger service was withdrawn north of Tow Law on 1 May 1939. Britain's railways were nationalised on 1 January 1948 and the lines were placed under the control of
2033:(LNWR) railways were providing two-thirds of the capital. The LNWR proposed to build warehouses in Hartlepool and buy shares in the West Hartlepool Harbour & Railway. The
630:, where thousands watched the second stationary engine draw the train up the incline. The train was let down the East Bank to Mason's Arms Crossing at Shildon Lane End, where
1822:
received permission for a line from Skinningrove as far as Guisborough, and the S&DR permission for an extension to Saltburn and a branch to a mine at Skelton. This
1426:
270:
132:
in County Durham, and was officially opened on 27 September 1825. The movement of coal to ships rapidly became a lucrative business, and the line was soon extended to a
6938:
989:
Between November 1841 and February 1842, the S&DR introduced a service between Darlington and Coxhoe, on the Clarence Railway, where an omnibus took passengers the
6981:
334:
Overton surveyed a new line that avoided Darlington's estate and agreement was reached with Eldon, but another application was deferred early in 1820, as the death of
1120:
By this time, Port Darlington had become overwhelmed by the volume of imports and exports and work started in 1839 on Middlesbrough Dock, which had been laid out by
666:
The railway that opened in September 1825 was 25 miles (40 km) long and ran from Phoenix Pit, Old Etherley Colliery, to Cottage Row, Stockton; there was also a
654:
near Yarm crowds waited for the train to cross the Stockton to Yarm turnpike. Approaching Stockton, running alongside the turnpike as it skirted the western edge of
372:, an experienced enginewright of the collieries of Killingworth, to meet him in Darlington. On 12 May 1821 the shareholders appointed Thomas Meynell as chairman and
2053:
the NER's Central Division. After the restoration of the dividend in 1851, by the end of 1854 payments had recovered to 8 per cent and then had not dropped below
1954:
Bouch had laid out an economical route that followed the contours and avoided tunnels, but there were formidable gradients up to the 1,370-foot-high (420 m)
4152:
6858:
6148:
2336:
opened in York, combining exhibits from the former LNER museum in York, which had opened after the 1875 festivities, and from the National Transport Museum at
817:
then the timetabled journey time had been reduced to 1 hour 15 minutes, and passengers were allowed to travel on the outside for 9d. A more comfortable coach,
6126:
7031:
4147:
2226:
On 19 March 1828, the boiler of locomotive No. 5 exploded at Simpasture Junction. One of the two firemen was killed, the other severely scalded. The driver (
873:, and traffic started in August 1833; by the middle of 1834 Port Clarence had opened and 28 miles (45 km) of line was in use. The S&DR charged the
1093:
627:
1743:-mile (15.3 km) single-track railway was worked by the S&DR, and opened to minerals on 11 November 1853 and passengers on 25 February 1854. With
6279:
5123:
4774:
2531:
Malleable iron rails cost £12 10s and cast iron rails £6 15s per ton, but malleable iron rails could be less than half the weight for the same strength.
2080:). In Cleveland, a branch from Nunthorpe to Battersby opened on 1 June 1864; passengers were carried from 1 April 1868. A branch from Barnard Castle to
6540:
2203:
1215:
3350:
7076:
7011:
1958:. Land for two tracks was purchased, and a single track line was laid; valleys were crossed by viaducts, three made from wrought iron, including the
2162:
696:
mile (1,200 m) branch to Yarm. Most of the track used 28 pounds per yard (13.9 kg/m) malleable iron rails, and 4 miles (6.4 km) of
241:
in order to improve navigation on the river downstream of the town and was subsequently looking for ways to increase trade to recoup those costs.
2220:
1747:
installed between stations, passenger trains were not permitted to leave a station until confirmation had been received that the line was clear.
1054:
By 1839, the track had been upgraded with rails weighing 64 lb/yd (32 kg/m). The railway had about 30 steam locomotives, most of them
7056:
7001:
1871:
1616:
inspecting officer ruled that trains approaching on a line without a platform must first pass through and then reverse into the platform line.
164:
and the subsequent increase in revenue meant it could pay its debts. At the beginning of the 1860s it took over railways that had crossed the
6101:
5868:
1811:
3273:
1591:. They opened a mine, laid a branch line to the Middlesbrough & Redcar Railway and started hauling ironstone over the S&DR to their
6167:
2670:
had discounted in 1875 an earlier publication of Smiles' image, stating that coach used on the opening day was a similar to a road coach.
2289:). The following day the royal couple watched as procession of locomotives passed between Stockton and Oak Tree Junction, starting with a
7051:
5344:
2648:, pp. 93–95) state that Bonomi was directly appointed by the directors after Stephenson had ignored suggestions to consult him, but
2902:
1200:
This route ran parallel to S&DR lines for 5 miles (8.0 km) and Pease argued that it should run over these as it would add only
2117:
rejoining the route to Stockton from a junction south of Darlington and a new line to Oak Tree Junction. An extension from Stanhope to
1075:
744:
who supplied London and feared competition, and it had been necessary to restrict the rate for transporting coal destined for ships to
392:("At private risk for public service"). By 23 July 1821 it had decided that the line would be a railway with edge rails, rather than a
2293:
locomotive that had been built in 1822 and finishing with a replica train of ten chaldron waggons and "the company's coach" hauled by
1857:
1536:
1154:
838:, south of the Tees in July 1827. Later approved by George Stephenson, this plan was ratified by the shareholders on 26 October. The
7026:
7016:
6996:
6962:
2829:, p. 112) states that a horse-drawn four compartment railway carriage operated between Stockton and Middlesbrough until 1864;
1978:
1973:). The S&DR had presented a bill in 1861 to provide better connections for passengers on the WCML by extending the line up to
821:, started the same month and charged 1s 6d for travel inside. Innkeepers began running coaches, two to Shildon from July, and the
6232:
6213:
6194:
6054:
6035:
5301:
1223:
1214:
miles (2.4 km). The bill was presented unchanged to Parliament in 1842, and was opposed by the S&DR. Despite this, the
861:
with Haverton and Stockton, via a route that was 6 miles (10 km) shorter than via the route of the S&DR, and named the
534:
Stephenson advocated the use of steam locomotives on the line. Pease visited Killingworth in mid-1822 and the directors visited
7081:
4778:
2034:
1784:
1659:
1480:
1306:
476:
320:
184:
7041:
7006:
6922:
6683:
6567:
5844:
4590:
3469:
3442:
2081:
1358:
6950:
1970:
1799:
1717:
The Middlesbrough & Guisborough Railway, with two branches into the iron-rich hills, was approved by Parliament in the
35:
7036:
5784:
5758:
1236:
282:
157:
125:
1157:(N&DJR) differed slightly from the GNER route in the southern section before joining the Durham Junction Railway at
514:
Stockton and Darlington Railway (Consolidation of Acts, Increase of Capital and Purchase of Middlesbrough Dock) Act 1849
112:) was a railway company that operated in north-east England from 1825 to 1863. The world's first public railway to use
5306:
2435:
373:
193:
7066:
7021:
6808:
6719:
6662:
6643:
6624:
6605:
6586:
6548:
6525:
4398:
3257:
2037:(NER), formed in 1854 by amalgamation, at the time was the largest railway company in the country and controlled the
1798:
By 1857, a blast furnace had opened close to the Durham coalfield on the north side of the Tees. Backed by the rival
1532:
1162:
1034:
hour service between Darlington and Newcastle, with a four-horse omnibus from South Church to Rainton Meadows on the
377:
258:
129:
6152:
2664:, p. 166) has an image of this railway coach and describes it as "a somewhat uncouth machine", even though the
2373:
museum. Nearby, the former carriage works are now used as workshops for steam locomotives. A little further east is
384:, were Quakers. The committee designed a seal, showing waggons being pulled by a horse, and adopted the Latin motto
2515:
2152:
2030:
1776:
1651:
1555:
c. clii), was the Wear Valley Railway, a 12-mile (19 km) line from the Bishop Auckland & Weardale line to
1461:
1287:
1128:
727:
642:
speed on the gentle downward slope and reached 10 to 12 miles per hour (16 to 19 km/h), leaving behind men on
457:
312:
274:
133:
4157:
2522:(s) and 20s in a pound (£). One penny in 1825 was worth the same in 2023 as approximately 43p, and 1s about £5.18.
843:
had applied unsuccessfully to Parliament for permission for such a line in 1823, 1824 and 1825. This now became a
6961:
2633:
2022:
1989:
1392:
1183:
miles (41.0 km) of new line, 9 miles (14 km) less than the GNER route, but trains would need to travel
1114:
858:
717:
The route of the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1827, shown in black, with today's railway lines shown in red
4093:
Middlesbrough and Its Jubilee: A History of the Iron and Steel Industries, with Biographies of Pioneers ...
1951:, a mile longer than a more expensive route on the west bank, and its act received royal assent on 21 May 1858.
2444:
1935:, and also linked Barnard Castle with West Auckland. The EVR was a branch from Kirkby Stephen to the WCML near
1932:
1004:
954:
942:
888:
655:
381:
265:
226:
6867:
2502:, who had accompanied Stephenson, stated shortly after Stephenson's death that the meeting was by appointment.
2447:
opened in May 2014. A Hitachi train plant opened in September 2015 at Newton Aycliffe to build trains for the
1709:
1020:'s "I and V" electric telegraph to regulate the passage of trains through the tunnel. The SD&R provided a
7046:
2855:
2240:
1089:
574:
278:
588:, left the works, and the following day it was advertised that the railway would open on 27 September 1825.
3357:
2440:
1609:
1009:
6655:
Stockton and Darlington Railway: Anniversary Celebrations of the World's first steam worked public railway
526:
5904:
The National Archives: RAIL 667/212 Stockton & Darlington Railway, Meeting Minutes taken by T MacNay.
2448:
1819:
1139:
614:
1259:
Preferential share certificate of the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company, issued 24. September 1858
7071:
2362:
1608:
S&DR for a rental of 1s a year. On 25 January 1853, the LNR and SD&R opened a joint station at
1556:
1430:
1222:
c. lxxx) received royal assent on 18 June 1842, and a second act of Parliament the following year, the
1166:
713:
96:
7061:
6840:
1580:
1399:
1017:
156:. It suffered severe financial difficulties at the end of the 1840s and was nearly taken over by the
78:
1840:, a S&DR director and Quaker, visited his brother Joseph in mid-1859 at his house by the sea at
550:. c. xxxiii). The line included embankments up to 48 feet (15 m) high, and Stephenson designed
47:
6777:
6751:
6079:
4091:
2118:
1560:
402:
6733:
3277:
1429:, and used to transport limestone from quarries in the Stanhope area to its works at Consett. The
812:
Passenger traffic started on 10 October 1825, after the required licence was purchased, using the
730:(8s 6d). At first, the drivers had been paid a daily wage, but after February 1826 they were paid
2666:
2555:, pp. 82–83) challenges this, stating that the most common gauge of the early tramroads and
2519:
2382:
2333:
2290:
2269:
2248:
2171:
2141:
2077:
1999:
1974:
1035:
839:
723:
535:
238:
177:
121:
1947:
and SD&LUR received permission on 13 July 1857. The EVR route followed the east bank of the
6171:
3075:
Challis, David Milbank; Rush, Andy (2009). "The Railways Of Britain: An Unstudied Map Corpus".
2736:
is an elevated platform used to transfer minerals such as coal from railway waggons onto ships.
2329:
2317:
2137:
1940:
1600:
1370:
1311:
1729:
c. lxxiii) on 17 June 1852; Pease had to guarantee dividends to raise the finance needed. The
804:
6944:
5834:
3459:
2390:
2312:
2026:
1469:
1388:
1295:
950:
465:
230:
173:
2426:
2353:
2121:
opened in 1895, and the line over Stainmore to Tebay was doubled by the end of the century.
6760:
6517:
5777:
5751:
5685:
2278:
2191:
2175:
2038:
1924:
1422:
416:
169:
161:
145:
141:
2260:
8:
6970:
2843:
1948:
1861:
1815:
1810:, via Guisborough and a bridge over the Middlesbrough & Redcar Railway to a jetty at
1101:
339:
6897:
Jubilee Memorial of the Railway System: A History of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
6895:
1830:
c. cxvi) also authorised the merger of the S&DR with the railways it held on lease.
933:
6822:
6307:
3176:
3092:
2046:
1744:
1255:
600:
The opening procession of the Stockton and Darlington Railway crosses the Skerne bridge
6482:
6456:
1895:
894:
6918:
6901:
6828:
6804:
6787:
6739:
6715:
6698:
6679:
6658:
6639:
6620:
6601:
6582:
6563:
6544:
6521:
6284:
5840:
4394:
3640:
3465:
3438:
3253:
3096:
2851:
2825:, pp. 94–95) states that these were the last horses to be used on the line, but
2748:
A Chapter in the History of Railway Locomotion, with Memoir of Timothy Hackworth, etc
2378:
2227:
2216:
2148:
2124:
1841:
1097:
775:
619:
397:
369:
6755:
3632:
209:
6781:
5773:
5747:
5297:
3084:
2410:
2394:
2366:
2286:
2235:
2183:
2156:
2151:, on 1 January 1923 the North Eastern Railway became the North Eastern area of the
2003:
1955:
1936:
1875:
1837:
1827:
1789:
1726:
1664:
953:. Representatives of the Y&NMR and S&DR met two weeks later and formed the
862:
596:
584:
254:
234:
189:
113:
40:
Map of the original planned route of the railway, taken from the prospectus of 1821
20:
4119:
2397:
runs special services over its line from Bishop Auckland to Eastgate-in-Weardale.
2013:
6818:
6673:
5836:
Government, the Railways and the Modernization of Britain: Beeching's Last Trains
3182:
2637:
2568:
2420:
1013:
866:
857:-mile (18.5 km) line linking Simpasture on the S&DR's line near today's
567:
551:
426:
422:
352:
335:
325:
6675:
The Origins of Railway Enterprise: The Stockton and Darlington Railway 1821–1863
148:
and Darlington, but its main expansion was at Middlesbrough Docks and west into
6824:
The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland Practically Described and Illustrated
3187:
3183:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
2847:
2610:
2415:
2282:
2095:
1920:
1867:
1613:
1552:
1540:
1485:
1227:
1219:
1125:
1121:
555:
225:, and then horse and carts as the roads were improved. A canal was proposed by
6019:
Kershaw, Roland (27 September 1975). "Future care of railways' past secured".
3088:
2377:, the oldest railway bridge in continuous use in the world. At Shildon is the
6990:
6939:
Original report by George Stephenson on the proposal to construct the railway
6832:
6791:
6743:
6729:
6636:
A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume IV The North East
6419:
6413:
2716:
2499:
2374:
2370:
2300:
2133:
2007:
1959:
1845:
1802:, the Durham & Cleveland Union Railway proposed a line from the mines in
1619:
1604:
1592:
1576:
1417:
1149:
870:
835:
643:
559:
218:
61:
6702:
5008:
2128:
The former S&DR, shown in red, as part of the larger NER network of 1904
6905:
4969:
1944:
1803:
1677:
1498:
1324:
1110:
797:
651:
563:
494:
356:
2434:
As of July 2016 a two train per hour off-peak service is provided by
1907:
and needs to be mixed with purer ores, such as those on the west coast in
1535:, a short extension to Redcar, received permission on 21 July 1845 in the
2430:
Northern Rail diesel multiple unit on the Tees Valley Line at Redcar East
2042:
412:
117:
57:
5359:
911:
762:
broke a wheel, and it was not ready for traffic until 12 or 13 October;
6974:
2720:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1106:
1043:
741:
578:
250:
6257:
2498:, p. 150) indicates that Stephenson visited Pease uninvited, but
1247:
1169:
allowed direct access to Gateshead. This required the construction of
6437:
6425:
2846:
was the first public railway in 1801, a locomotive hauled a coach in
2556:
2132:
From 1913 former S&DR lines were electrified with 1,500 VDC
1623:
The railways in Cleveland in 1863, the Cleveland Railway shown in red
1039:
222:
6735:
Lives of the Engineers. The Locomotive. George and Robert Stephenson
6579:
Cavalcade Reflections: Official British Rail Eastern Region Souvenir
3683:
3681:
2002:
south of Darlington North Road station in 1853 and later it built a
2712:
2579:) apart. The gauge of the S&DR was given in early documents as
2401:
road project hope to preserve the stones along a new bicycle path.
1916:
1807:
1584:
778:, locomotive superintendent, used the boiler from the unsuccessful
623:
547:
481:
393:
376:
as treasurer; a majority of the managing committee, which included
165:
149:
6394:
2393:
and a former coal drops, which are listed buildings. The heritage
609:, arrived on the evening of 26 September 1825 and was attached to
5616:
5614:
3941:
3693:
3678:
3250:
George Stephenson: A Biographical Study of the Father of Railways
2337:
1158:
957:(GNER), a line from York to Newcastle that used the route of the
246:
19:
For the current line that uses most of this railway‘s route, see
4932:
4930:
2281:
in Darlington was opened by the Duke and Duchess of York (later
6764:. Vol. XIII. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy. p. 223
5539:
5491:
4959:
4957:
2733:
2685:
2328:
headed a procession of locomotives, which was completed by the
1692:
1513:
1339:
509:
262:
153:
6382:
6370:
6346:
6322:
5611:
5515:
2981:
1165:
from Washington to Brockley Whins, where a new curve onto the
758:
The locomotives were unreliable at first. Soon after opening,
5563:
5254:
5150:
5044:
4981:
4927:
4833:
4591:
Bradshaw's Monthly General Railway and Steam Navigation Guide
4370:
4220:
4196:
4184:
3601:
2613:
used by 60 per cent of railways worldwide. The difference of
2112:
2106:
2100:
2090:
1964:
1928:
1588:
1080:
1055:
6955:
5912:
5910:
5692:. (Originally published by the British Transport Commission)
5683:
4954:
4461:
4040:
3992:
3905:
3857:
3792:
3780:
3768:
3756:
3654:
3589:
3526:
3502:
3490:
3414:
2587:), but the distance between the rails was later measured as
1134:
6358:
5951:
5949:
5804:
5802:
5179:
5177:
4509:
4497:
4321:
4319:
2632:
The Skerne bridge was shown on the reverse of the Series E
2385:
group, which contains heritage railway vehicles, including
946:
613:, which had been placed on the rails for the first time at
5575:
5431:
5242:
5032:
4845:
4797:
4785:
4743:
4707:
4661:
4659:
4608:
4596:
4526:
4524:
4439:
4437:
4336:
4334:
3980:
3550:
3375:
3316:
3229:
3017:
2957:
2297:
propelled by a petrol engine in a specially built tender.
937:
The north entrance to Shildon Tunnel, which opened in 1842
6457:"Middlesbrough James Cook Hospital railway station opens"
5934:
5907:
5888:
5886:
5643:
5641:
5599:
5527:
5419:
5407:
5383:
5371:
5278:
5266:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5201:
5162:
5095:
5083:
5056:
4917:
4915:
4888:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4809:
4719:
4671:
4632:
4620:
4560:
4548:
4292:
4172:
2933:
2883:
2871:
285:'s fox coverts, it was opposed and defeated by 13 votes.
5984:. No. 44078. London. 28 September 1925. p. 11.
5961:
5946:
5922:
5799:
5503:
5189:
5174:
5073:
5071:
4998:
4996:
4644:
4473:
4316:
4071:
4016:
4004:
3968:
3929:
3869:
3828:
3816:
3732:
3705:
3666:
3613:
3538:
3478:
3387:
2473:
confidence to invest in the dealings of a devout member.
2094:
s used on mineral trains. Later locomotives were of the
1143:
The N&DJR crossed the Sherburn with a timber viaduct
638:
and 21 new coal waggons fitted with seats were waiting.
6982:
Historic Environment Audit October 2016 (2019 revision)
5867:. Liverpool: National Museums Liverpool. Archived from
4683:
4656:
4572:
4521:
4485:
4449:
4434:
4422:
4412:
4410:
4346:
4331:
4304:
4244:
4208:
3577:
3304:
3202:
3139:
3115:
3029:
1391:. The line opened on 8 November 1843 with a station at
237:
invested considerably during the early 19th century in
5883:
5814:
5728:
5716:
5704:
5665:
5653:
5638:
5551:
5479:
5443:
5225:
4912:
4900:
4857:
4821:
4731:
4358:
4100:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
3958:
3956:
3893:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3744:
3722:
3720:
3567:
3565:
3219:
3217:
3058:
3056:
2166:
A diesel locomotive stands at Thornaby station in 1961
1878:
c. cxv) was given royal assent on 3 July 1854 and the
1124:, capable of holding 150 ships, and built by resident
1016:, opened in May 1842. In 1846, the S&DR installed
626:
the train across the Gaunless Bridge to the bottom of
6857:
6443:
6431:
5626:
5587:
5467:
5395:
5213:
5068:
5020:
4993:
4942:
4876:
4393:. North Eastern Railway Association. pp. 52–53.
3881:
3804:
3435:
The Railway Dictionary: An A-Z of Railway Terminology
3356:(Report). Bank of England. p. 27. Archived from
3333:
3331:
3292:
3156:
3154:
2945:
2850:
in 1804 and they were being used commercially by the
2543:, p. 160) states that early tramroads had rails
2514:
Before decimal currency was introduced there were 12
2439:
these continue to Whitby. Tees Valley Unlimited, the
1824:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
1759:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
1697:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
1518:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
1344:
Stockton and Darlington Railway Amalgamation Act 1858
686:
mile (800 m) of the Hagger Leases branch, and a
676:
mile (800 m) branch to the depot at Darlington,
6712:
George and Robert Stephenson: The Railway Revolution
6334:
6000:
5980:"Railway Pageant: Centenary display in Manchester".
5455:
5321:
5138:
4755:
4695:
4407:
4280:
4268:
4256:
4232:
3127:
2794:
Passenger accommodation was sometimes classified as
2006:
nearby to replace its works at Shildon. Designed by
1892:-mile (24.5 km) railway opened on 8 July 1856.
60:, crowds are watching the inaugural train cross the
6860:
Tees Valley Unlimited Progress Report December 2013
6783:
The North Eastern Railway: Its rise and development
6230:
6211:
6192:
6052:
6033:
5988:
5296:
4052:
4028:
3953:
3917:
3840:
3717:
3562:
3214:
3053:
3041:
3005:
2993:
2702: long cwt (2,860 lb; 1,300 kg).
2389:. The site includes Timothy Hackworth's house, the
1899:
The SD&LUR viaduct over the Tees Valley in 1858
949:to London by a line to a junction with the planned
6945:The History of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
3514:
3328:
3151:
3103:
2969:
2921:
2752:John Wesley Hackworth was a descendant of Timothy.
2204:Locomotives of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
1216:Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway Act 1842
1049:
368:Concerned about Overton's competence, Pease asked
6560:The Railways of Great Britain: A Historical Atlas
6233:"Details from listed building database (1160320)"
6214:"Details from listed building database (1160335)"
6195:"Details from listed building database (1310628)"
6055:"Details from listed building database (1322962)"
6036:"Details from listed building database (1121262)"
5302:"Details from listed building database (1121229)"
4536:
928:
726:, and by the beginning of 1827 was 8 shillings 6
233:in 1815, but both schemes failed. The harbour of
213:The seal of the Stockton & Darlington Railway
6988:
5686:"Modernisation and Re-Equipment of British Rail"
4145:
2486:., a great part of which is already subscribed."
188:Much of the original route is now served by the
6018:
4775:"Stanhope and Tyne Railroad Company (RAIL 663)"
3171:
3169:
2636:that featured George Stephenson, issued by the
2221:Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway
2021:In 1859, a company had been formed to link the
1387:-mile (13.3 km) line from South Church to
277:in March 1819, but as the route passed through
5853:
1872:Darlington and Barnard Castle Railway Act 1854
1818:, and the Tees crossed by a swing bridge. The
1721:Middlesbrough and Guisborough Railway Act 1852
1634:Middlesbrough and Guisborough Railway Act 1852
1148:railway via the west coast. Railway financier
54:Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
6483:"Newton Aycliffe's Hitachi train plant opens"
6280:"Uncovered: sleeping giants of first railway"
6129:. North Eastern Locomotive Preservation Group
4391:A History of North Eastern Railway Signalling
1365:Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway Act 1837
1270:Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway Act 1837
7032:Transport in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees
6839:
6400:
6388:
6376:
6364:
6352:
6328:
5122:. Newsquest (North East) Ltd. Archived from
5113:
3464:. Northumbria University Press. p. 30.
3166:
2510:
2508:
1984:
828:
808:The Union coach as shown in an advertisement
6842:Route Specifications – London North Eastern
6102:"WATCH: Locomotion No 1 arrives in Shildon"
5116:"Saltburn 150 Pt V: The founder's memories"
4141:
4139:
4137:
3074:
2365:, the station buildings and goods shed are
2255:
891:had taken control of the Clarence Railway.
386:
6537:Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies
6288:. Newsquest (North East) Ltd. 14 June 2007
5778:"The Reshaping of British Railways (maps)"
4089:
2909:. Newsquest (North East) Ltd. 16 June 2008
2208:
1083:steam locomotives operated by the railway.
622:. A waggon of flour bags was attached and
140:The S&DR was involved in building the
46:
34:
6776:
6170:. National Railway Museum. Archived from
6151:. National Railway Museum. Archived from
5916:
5569:
5521:
5425:
5284:
5272:
5260:
5156:
5089:
5050:
4987:
4975:
4936:
4894:
4839:
4815:
4767:
4725:
4677:
4638:
4626:
4566:
4554:
4376:
4298:
4226:
4202:
4190:
4178:
4077:
4046:
4022:
4010:
3998:
3974:
3947:
3935:
3911:
3875:
3863:
3834:
3822:
3798:
3786:
3774:
3762:
3738:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3672:
3660:
3619:
3607:
3595:
3583:
3556:
3544:
3532:
3508:
3496:
3484:
3457:
3420:
3393:
3381:
3322:
3310:
3235:
3208:
3179:inflation figures are based on data from
3145:
3121:
3035:
3023:
2963:
2939:
2889:
2830:
2762:
2671:
2645:
2552:
2505:
1858:South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway
1537:Middlesbrough and Redcar Railway Act 1845
1155:Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway
1135:Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway
865:in honour of the Duke of Clarence, later
7077:British companies disestablished in 1863
7012:Railway companies disestablished in 1863
6915:The Victorian Railway and How It Evolved
5772:
5746:
5341:"Darlington North Road Locomotive Works"
4134:
2854:in 1812; passengers were carried on the
2425:
2352:
2299:
2259:
2161:
2123:
2012:
1988:
1979:Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway
1931:, on the section then controlled by the
1894:
1618:
1254:
1246:
1138:
1074:
932:
910:
893:
803:
712:
595:
542:Stockton and Darlington Railway Act 1823
440:Stockton and Darlington Railway Act 1823
421:
347:Stockton and Darlington Railway Act 1821
295:Stockton and Darlington Railway Act 1821
261:was said to favour the railway, and the
208:
56:, a watercolour painted in the 1880s by
6866:. Tees Valley Unlimited. Archived from
6817:
6750:
6614:
5892:
4578:
4530:
4515:
4503:
4491:
4467:
4455:
4443:
4428:
4352:
3432:
3252:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 75.
2999:
2454:
2140:hauled coal trains between Shildon and
2045:, south of York, through Darlington to
1361:(BA&WR) received permission in the
1224:Great North of England Railway Act 1843
906:
217:Coal from the inland mines in southern
6989:
6912:
6801:The Stainmore and Eden Valley Railways
6798:
6728:
6652:
6633:
6595:
5967:
5955:
5820:
5734:
5722:
5710:
5671:
5659:
5647:
5620:
5593:
5581:
5557:
5545:
5509:
5497:
5485:
5461:
5449:
5437:
5365:
5343:. RCTS. 24 August 2012. Archived from
5327:
5248:
5236:
5219:
5195:
5183:
5038:
4921:
4906:
4870:
4851:
4827:
4803:
4791:
4749:
4737:
4713:
4614:
4602:
4388:
4364:
4325:
4106:
3986:
3887:
3810:
3298:
2661:
2540:
2495:
2098:type. Most passenger locomotives were
1359:Bishop Auckland & Weardale Railway
1301:Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway."
1242:
787:Hackworth was commissioned to rebuild
160:, before the discovery of iron ore in
7057:British companies established in 1821
7002:Railway companies established in 1821
6893:
6671:
6619:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
6534:
6511:
6023:. No. 59512. London. p. 14.
5940:
5928:
5684:British Transport Commission (1954).
5632:
5605:
5533:
5473:
5413:
5401:
5389:
5377:
5207:
5168:
5101:
5077:
5062:
5026:
5014:
5002:
4963:
4948:
4882:
4761:
4701:
4689:
4665:
4650:
4416:
4340:
4310:
4286:
4274:
4262:
4250:
4238:
4214:
4146:Delplanque, Paul (17 November 2011).
4034:
3962:
3923:
3899:
3851:
3750:
3726:
3571:
3247:
3223:
3180:
3133:
3062:
3047:
3011:
2987:
2975:
2951:
2927:
2877:
2826:
2822:
2779:
2641:
2017:The seal of the North Eastern Railway
1800:West Hartlepool Harbour & Railway
1710:Text of statute as originally enacted
1570:
1092:'s self-acting brake, taken over the
573:In 1823, Stephenson and Pease opened
566:was designed by the Durham architect
527:Text of statute as originally enacted
16:English railway company, 1825 to 1863
6827:(2nd ed.). London: John Weale.
6709:
6577:Cook, C.W.F., ed. (September 1975).
6576:
6557:
6340:
6006:
5994:
5832:
5808:
5144:
4479:
4065:
3520:
3337:
3160:
3109:
2903:"Efforts that kept the mines afloat"
2782:Timothy Hackworth and the Locomotive
2766:
2652:, p. 75) does not mention this.
2649:
363:
6951:The Stockton and Darlington Railway
6692:
5752:"The Reshaping of British Railways"
4542:
3351:Withdrawn Banknotes Reference Guide
1373:c. cxxii) of July 1837 to build an
1237:York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway
898:The suspension bridge over the Tees
661:
388:Periculum privatum utilitas publica
249:, and then passing to the north of
158:York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway
13:
7052:Standard gauge railways in England
6956:The Bishop Line to Bishop Auckland
6913:Ransom, Philip John Greer (1990).
6887:
6237:National Heritage List for England
6218:National Heritage List for England
6199:National Heritage List for England
6149:"NRM Shildon: Collection building"
6127:"Hopetown Carriage Works: History"
6059:National Heritage List for England
6040:National Heritage List for England
5307:National Heritage List for England
3461:A Dictionary of North East Dialect
2404:
1533:Middlesbrough & Redcar Railway
1416:-mile (54.3 km) line between
1163:Pontop & South Shields Railway
1113:over the Clarence Railway and the
945:(Y&NMR) was formed to connect
183:The company was taken over by the
14:
7093:
6932:
6672:Kirby, Maurice W. (4 July 2002).
5833:Loft, Charles (15 October 2004).
5368:, pp. 122–123, 177, 182–183.
4978:, pp. 488, 493–494, 497–498.
3406:"Railway Jubilee at Darlington".
2188:The Reshaping of British Railways
1851:
6475:
6449:
6406:
6300:
6272:
6250:
6186:
6141:
6119:
6094:
6072:
6027:
6012:
5973:
5898:
5839:. Psychology Press. p. 96.
5826:
5740:
5677:
5333:
5290:
5107:
4584:
4382:
4112:
4083:
2836:
2816:
2806:
2788:
2153:London and North Eastern Railway
2070:
2023:Newcastle & Carlisle Railway
1993:Christmas Day timetable for 1856
1777:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1770:
1652:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1645:
1462:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1455:
1288:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1281:
923:
458:Parliament of the United Kingdom
451:
313:Parliament of the United Kingdom
306:
106:Stockton and Darlington Railway
7027:Rail transport in County Durham
7017:Early British railway companies
6997:Stockton and Darlington Railway
3637:Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
3625:
3451:
3426:
3399:
3343:
3274:"Robert Stephenson (1803–1859)"
3266:
3241:
3068:
2772:
2755:
2739:
2726:
2705:
2677:
2655:
2626:
2623:inch (13 mm) is a mystery.
2534:
2525:
2489:
2476:
2466:
2230:'s older brother) was unharmed.
1251:The Wear Valley Railway in 1847
1115:Stockton and Hartlepool Railway
1096:, and then drawn by a horse to
1050:Railway operations in the 1830s
1005:Durham & Sunderland Railway
29:Stockton and Darlington Railway
6678:. Cambridge University Press.
6615:Hewison, Christian H. (1983).
6258:"The Weardale Railway Project"
4148:"Middlesbrough Dock 1839–1980"
3410:. 2 October 1875. p. 342.
3276:. Network Rail. Archived from
2895:
2856:Kilmarnock & Troon Railway
2445:James Cook University Hospital
2320:; another procession included
2233:On 1 July 1828, the boiler of
2197:
1943:. The routes were surveyed by
1933:Lancaster and Carlisle Railway
1903:Cleveland iron ore is high in
1197:miles (12.1 km) further.
955:Great North of England Railway
943:York and North Midland Railway
929:Great North of England Railway
915:S&DR offices in Darlington
1:
7082:1863 mergers and acquisitions
6894:Jeans, James Stephen (1875).
6598:150 years of British Railways
5114:Lloyd, Chris (8 March 2011).
5017:, pp. 152–153 and appendix 1.
3433:Jackson, Alan Arthur (1992).
2865:
2266:Exhibition of the Locomotives
575:Robert Stephenson and Company
7042:Rail transport in Darlington
7007:Railway lines opened in 1825
6695:Passenger Class Distinctions
6693:Lee, Charles Edward (1946).
6617:Locomotive Boiler Explosions
6596:Hedges, Martin, ed. (1981).
6082:. Darlington Borough Council
5865:National Conservation Centre
3437:. Alan Sutton. p. 322.
2441:local enterprise partnership
2243:station, killing the driver.
1547:Wear Valley Railway Act 1845
1444:Wear Valley Railway Act 1845
889:Exchequer Loan Commissioners
834:shorter and cheaper line to
7:
6900:. Longmans, Green, and co.
6786:. Andrew Reid and Company.
6558:Cobb, Colonel M.H. (2006).
6535:Awdry, Christopher (1990).
2449:Intercity Express Programme
2348:
1969:junction at Clifton (later
1042:, on the south side of the
1038:, from where trains ran to
1003:miles (5.6 km) to the
380:, Edward Pease and his son
355:. c. xliv), which received
116:, its first line connected
10:
7098:
7037:North Eastern Railway (UK)
6504:
6444:Tees Valley Unlimited 2013
6432:Tees Valley Unlimited 2013
2990:, pp. 52, 79–80, 128.
2833:, p. 529) is unclear.
2330:prototype high-speed train
2201:
1977:, and to link up with the
1855:
1752:United Kingdom legislation
1627:United Kingdom legislation
1437:United Kingdom legislation
1431:Weardale Extension Railway
1427:Wear & Derwent Railway
1263:United Kingdom legislation
1167:Brandling Junction Railway
591:
433:United Kingdom legislation
415:used by Stephenson on his
288:United Kingdom legislation
204:
199:
18:
6778:Tomlinson, William Weaver
6514:The North Eastern Railway
6512:Allen, Cecil J. (1974) .
6168:"NRM Shildon: Museum map"
4389:Mackay, A N, ed. (2016).
3089:10.1080/03085690902923614
2567:), and some, such as the
2343:
1985:Progress and amalgamation
1783:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1708:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1658:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1522:
1512:
1507:
1497:
1492:
1479:
1468:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1400:Stanhope and Tyne Railway
1348:
1338:
1333:
1323:
1318:
1305:
1294:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1117:that had opened in 1841.
829:Founding of Middlesbrough
525:
518:
508:
503:
493:
488:
475:
464:
450:
445:
438:
319:
305:
300:
293:
281:'s estate and one of the
221:used to be taken away on
92:
84:
74:
69:
45:
33:
7067:4 ft 8 in gauge railways
7022:History of County Durham
5548:, pp. 163, 166–167.
5500:, pp. 174, 191–192.
4096:The Gazette. p. 11.
4090:Reid, H.G., ed. (1881).
3950:, pp. 179–180, 239.
3702:, pp. 116, 142–143.
3690:, pp. 118–119, 142.
3458:Griffiths, Bill (2005).
2765:, pp. 141–142) and
2723:, the US customary unit.
2581:4 ft 8 in
2545:4 ft 8 in
2459:
2256:Anniversary celebrations
2096:Stephenson long boilered
2031:London and North Western
1603:(LNR) built a line from
1425:at Consett, renamed the
1102:Bradshaw's railway guide
941:On 13 October 1835, the
427:Stephenson's iron bridge
404:4 ft 8 in
257:. The Scottish engineer
6638:. David & Charles.
6489:. BBC. 3 September 2015
5623:, pp. 88, 113–114.
4122:. Middlesbrough Council
3408:Illustrated London News
3181:Clark, Gregory (2017).
2667:Illustrated London News
2640:between 1990 and 2003.
2609:), and this became the
2383:National Railway Museum
2334:National Railway Museum
2332:. In the same year the
2311:A festival was held in
2270:Illustrated London News
2209:Accidents and incidents
2172:1955 Modernisation Plan
2142:Erimus Marshalling Yard
2084:opened on 12 May 1868.
1371:7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict.
1312:7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict.
1036:Durham Junction Railway
859:Newton Aycliffe station
840:Tees Navigation Company
770:from Robert Wilson and
536:Hetton colliery railway
343:"the Quaker line". The
6799:Walton, Peter (1992).
3248:Davis, Hunter (1975).
2780:Young, Robert (1923).
2431:
2416:Community Rail service
2358:
2308:
2273:
2167:
2129:
2110:s. Bouch designed two
2018:
1994:
1900:
1624:
1601:Leeds Northern Railway
1260:
1252:
1144:
1084:
938:
916:
899:
809:
718:
601:
430:
387:
239:straightening the Tees
214:
6803:. Oxford Publishing.
6710:Rolt, L.T.C. (1984).
6403:, pp. 53–54, 73.
6308:"Named railway lines"
4779:The National Archives
4153:Middlesbrough Gazette
2715:is the same as 1.016
2429:
2356:
2313:Belle Vue, Manchester
2303:
2279:Faverdale Wagon Works
2263:
2186:published his report
2176:diesel multiple units
2165:
2127:
2082:Middleton-in-Teesdale
2035:North Eastern Railway
2016:
1992:
1971:Clifton & Lowther
1898:
1622:
1583:discovered a seam of
1258:
1250:
1239:(YN&BR) in 1847.
1142:
1078:
951:North Midland Railway
936:
914:
897:
807:
716:
615:Aycliffe Lane station
599:
425:
229:in 1767 and again by
212:
185:North Eastern Railway
97:North Eastern Railway
7047:Horse-drawn railways
6964:March 1843 Timetable
6947:(North East History)
6845:. Network Rail. 2012
6761:Annals of Philosophy
6754:, ed. (March 1819).
5690:The Railways Archive
5524:, pp. 136, 137.
4470:, pp. 415, 422.
3989:, pp. 122, 124.
3610:, pp. 117, 119.
2455:Notes and references
2192:regional development
2138:electric locomotives
2104:s, though some were
2039:East Coast Main Line
1925:West Coast Main Line
1423:Derwent Iron Company
1010:South Church station
907:Railway improvements
628:Brusselton West Bank
552:an iron truss bridge
417:Killingworth Railway
170:West Coast Main Line
142:East Coast Main Line
6756:"Durham Coal Field"
6697:. Railway Gazette.
6653:Hoole, K. (1974b).
6634:Hoole, K. (1974a).
6422:timetable, May 2015
6416:timetable, May 2015
5943:, pp. 157–158.
5811:, pp. 449–450.
5608:, pp. 204–205.
5584:, pp. 183–184.
5572:, pp. 699–701.
5536:, pp. 187–189.
5440:, pp. 148–149.
5416:, pp. 125–129.
5392:, pp. 105–107.
5380:, pp. 125–126.
5263:, pp. 595–596.
5251:, pp. 163–164.
5210:, pp. 121–122.
5171:, pp. 119–120.
5159:, pp. 523–525.
5104:, pp. 116–117.
5065:, pp. 114–115.
5053:, pp. 532–533.
5041:, pp. 126–127.
4990:, pp. 508–509.
4939:, pp. 507–508.
4854:, pp. 191–192.
4842:, pp. 529–530.
4806:, pp. 175–176.
4794:, pp. 174–175.
4752:, pp. 188–190.
4716:, pp. 173–174.
4617:, pp. 118–119.
4605:, pp. 146–147.
4518:, pp. 421–422.
4506:, pp. 417–418.
4482:, pp. 136–137.
4379:, pp. 435–437.
4229:, pp. 384–385.
4205:, pp. 383–384.
4193:, pp. 235–236.
4049:, pp. 187–190.
4001:, pp. 182–185.
3914:, pp. 172–173.
3866:, pp. 166–167.
3801:, pp. 126–127.
3789:, pp. 122–126.
3777:, pp. 154–156.
3765:, pp. 146–148.
3663:, pp. 120–121.
3598:, pp. 138–140.
3535:, pp. 112–114.
3511:, pp. 110–112.
3499:, pp. 109–110.
3423:, pp. 105–106.
3280:on 26 February 2014
2844:Surrey Iron Railway
2750:. 1892. p. 25.
2318:Stephenson's Rocket
2147:As a result of the
1866:A railway to serve
1862:Eden Valley Railway
1243:Wear Valley Railway
1094:Brussleton Inclines
620:St Helen's Auckland
429:across the Gaunless
340:Viscount Barrington
30:
6260:. Weardale Railway
6231:Historic England.
6212:Historic England.
6193:Historic England.
6053:Historic England.
6034:Historic England.
5931:, pp. 1, 189.
5861:"Huskisson Statue"
5347:on 15 January 2014
4653:, pp. 67, 71.
3177:Retail Price Index
2966:, pp. 55, 63.
2852:Middleton Colliery
2745:In an appendix in
2644:, p. 22) and
2432:
2359:
2309:
2274:
2168:
2130:
2047:Berwick-upon-Tweed
2019:
1995:
1901:
1745:electric telegraph
1625:
1571:Cleveland iron ore
1261:
1253:
1145:
1085:
939:
917:
900:
810:
719:
602:
431:
411:) apart, the same
374:Jonathan Backhouse
283:Earl of Darlington
215:
176:and Clifton, near
85:Dates of operation
28:
7072:George Stephenson
6971:Bradshaw's Guides
6924:978-0-434-98083-3
6873:on 4 October 2015
6685:978-0-521-89280-3
6569:978-0-7110-3236-1
6401:Network Rail 2012
6391:, pp. 57–58.
6389:Network Rail 2012
6379:, pp. 71–73.
6377:Network Rail 2012
6365:Network Rail 2012
6355:, pp. 68–69.
6353:Network Rail 2012
6331:, pp. 53–54.
6329:Network Rail 2012
6285:The Northern Echo
6174:on 2 January 2014
6155:on 2 January 2014
6106:The Northern Echo
5970:, pp. 42–48.
5958:, pp. 12–13.
5871:on 9 October 2012
5846:978-0-203-64305-1
5774:Beeching, Richard
5748:Beeching, Richard
5512:, pp. 90–91.
5198:, pp. 75–76.
5186:, pp. 10–11.
5126:on 6 January 2014
5120:The Northern Echo
4692:, pp. 76–78.
4668:, pp. 71–72.
4343:, pp. 67–69.
4328:, pp. 93–94.
4313:, pp. 64–65.
4253:, pp. 87–88.
4217:, pp. 91–94.
3902:, pp. 30–31.
3753:, pp. 61–63.
3641:Project Gutenberg
3559:, pp. 89–90.
3471:978-1-904794-16-5
3444:978-0-7509-0038-6
3384:, pp. 95–96.
3325:, pp. 85–86.
3238:, pp. 79–80.
3026:, pp. 64–67.
2954:, pp. 16–17.
2942:, pp. 45–47.
2907:The Northern Echo
2892:, pp. 40–41.
2785:, cited by Kirby.
2379:Locomotion Museum
2228:George Stephenson
2217:William Huskisson
2149:Railways Act 1921
1876:17 & 18 Vict.
1842:Marske-by-the-Sea
1828:21 & 22 Vict.
1820:Cleveland Railway
1796:
1795:
1790:21 & 22 Vict.
1765:Act of Parliament
1727:15 & 16 Vict.
1715:
1714:
1687:Other legislation
1665:15 & 16 Vict.
1640:Act of Parliament
1529:
1528:
1508:Other legislation
1450:Act of Parliament
1355:
1354:
1334:Other legislation
1276:Act of Parliament
1098:St Helen Auckland
776:Timothy Hackworth
774:from Stephenson.
532:
531:
504:Other legislation
471:the said Railway.
446:Act of Parliament
378:Thomas Richardson
370:George Stephenson
364:George Stephenson
332:
331:
301:Act of Parliament
273:was presented to
114:steam locomotives
102:
101:
7089:
7062:Stockton-on-Tees
6978:
6968:
6928:
6909:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6872:
6865:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6836:
6819:Whishaw, Francis
6814:
6795:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6747:
6725:
6706:
6689:
6668:
6649:
6630:
6611:
6592:
6581:. British Rail.
6573:
6554:
6541:Patrick Stephens
6531:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6453:
6447:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6423:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6392:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6368:
6362:
6356:
6350:
6344:
6338:
6332:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6276:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6145:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6134:
6123:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5944:
5938:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5914:
5905:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5812:
5806:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5782:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5756:
5744:
5738:
5732:
5726:
5720:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5636:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5609:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5453:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5369:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5298:Historic England
5294:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5172:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5111:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5066:
5060:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4925:
4919:
4910:
4904:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4771:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4654:
4648:
4642:
4636:
4630:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4593:March 1843 p. 16
4588:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4546:
4540:
4534:
4528:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4386:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4356:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4329:
4323:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4156:. Archived from
4143:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3951:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3363:on 29 March 2017
3362:
3355:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3173:
3164:
3158:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2859:
2840:
2834:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2770:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2743:
2737:
2730:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2681:
2675:
2659:
2653:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2571:, had the rails
2566:
2562:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2512:
2503:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2411:Tees Valley Line
2395:Weardale Railway
2387:Locomotion No. 1
2367:Grade II* listed
2307:at Shildon, 1975
2287:the Queen Mother
2268:as shown in the
2236:Locomotion No. 1
2184:Richard Beeching
2157:British Railways
2115:
2109:
2103:
2093:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2004:locomotive works
1967:
1956:Stainmore Summit
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1774:
1773:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1723:
1722:
1703:Status: Repealed
1649:
1648:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1549:
1548:
1524:Status: Repealed
1459:
1458:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1350:Status: Repealed
1285:
1284:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1046:near Newcastle.
1033:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1002:
1001:
997:
994:
984:
983:
979:
976:
970:
969:
965:
962:
886:
885:
881:
878:
863:Clarence Railway
856:
855:
851:
848:
760:Locomotion No. 1
753:
752:
748:
739:
738:
734:
709:
708:
704:
701:
695:
694:
690:
685:
684:
680:
675:
674:
670:
662:Early operations
632:Locomotion No. 1
611:Locomotion No. 1
585:Locomotion No. 1
544:
543:
520:Status: Repealed
455:
454:
441:
436:
435:
410:
405:
390:
353:1 & 2 Geo. 4
349:
348:
326:1 & 2 Geo. 4
310:
309:
296:
291:
290:
259:Robert Stevenson
235:Stockton-on-Tees
190:Tees Valley Line
50:
38:
31:
27:
21:Tees Valley Line
7097:
7096:
7092:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7086:
6987:
6986:
6960:
6935:
6925:
6890:
6888:Further reading
6885:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6863:
6848:
6846:
6811:
6767:
6765:
6752:Thomson, Thomas
6738:. John Murray.
6722:
6686:
6665:
6646:
6627:
6608:
6589:
6570:
6551:
6528:
6507:
6502:
6492:
6490:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6466:
6464:
6455:
6454:
6450:
6446:, pp. 7–8.
6442:
6438:
6434:, pp. 1–2.
6430:
6426:
6417:
6411:
6407:
6399:
6395:
6387:
6383:
6375:
6371:
6363:
6359:
6351:
6347:
6339:
6335:
6327:
6323:
6313:
6311:
6310:. National Rail
6306:
6305:
6301:
6291:
6289:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6263:
6261:
6256:
6255:
6251:
6241:
6239:
6229:
6222:
6220:
6210:
6203:
6201:
6191:
6187:
6177:
6175:
6166:
6165:
6158:
6156:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6132:
6130:
6125:
6124:
6120:
6110:
6108:
6100:
6099:
6095:
6085:
6083:
6080:"Head of Steam"
6078:
6077:
6073:
6063:
6061:
6051:
6044:
6042:
6032:
6028:
6017:
6013:
6009:, pp. 5–7.
6005:
6001:
5993:
5989:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5966:
5962:
5954:
5947:
5939:
5935:
5927:
5923:
5915:
5908:
5903:
5899:
5891:
5884:
5874:
5872:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5847:
5831:
5827:
5819:
5815:
5807:
5800:
5790:
5788:
5780:
5771:
5764:
5762:
5754:
5745:
5741:
5733:
5729:
5721:
5717:
5709:
5705:
5695:
5693:
5682:
5678:
5670:
5666:
5658:
5654:
5646:
5639:
5631:
5627:
5619:
5612:
5604:
5600:
5592:
5588:
5580:
5576:
5568:
5564:
5556:
5552:
5544:
5540:
5532:
5528:
5520:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5496:
5492:
5484:
5480:
5472:
5468:
5460:
5456:
5448:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5412:
5408:
5400:
5396:
5388:
5384:
5376:
5372:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5348:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5326:
5322:
5312:
5310:
5295:
5291:
5283:
5279:
5271:
5267:
5259:
5255:
5247:
5243:
5235:
5226:
5218:
5214:
5206:
5202:
5194:
5190:
5182:
5175:
5167:
5163:
5155:
5151:
5143:
5139:
5129:
5127:
5112:
5108:
5100:
5096:
5088:
5084:
5076:
5069:
5061:
5057:
5049:
5045:
5037:
5033:
5025:
5021:
5013:
5009:
5001:
4994:
4986:
4982:
4974:
4970:
4962:
4955:
4947:
4943:
4935:
4928:
4920:
4913:
4905:
4901:
4893:
4889:
4881:
4877:
4869:
4858:
4850:
4846:
4838:
4834:
4826:
4822:
4814:
4810:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4786:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4760:
4756:
4748:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4724:
4720:
4712:
4708:
4700:
4696:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4672:
4664:
4657:
4649:
4645:
4637:
4633:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4601:
4597:
4589:
4585:
4577:
4573:
4565:
4561:
4553:
4549:
4541:
4537:
4529:
4522:
4514:
4510:
4502:
4498:
4490:
4486:
4478:
4474:
4466:
4462:
4454:
4450:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4423:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4387:
4383:
4375:
4371:
4363:
4359:
4351:
4347:
4339:
4332:
4324:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4297:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4273:
4269:
4261:
4257:
4249:
4245:
4237:
4233:
4225:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4177:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4160:on 9 April 2013
4144:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4105:
4101:
4088:
4084:
4076:
4072:
4064:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4033:
4029:
4021:
4017:
4009:
4005:
3997:
3993:
3985:
3981:
3973:
3969:
3961:
3954:
3946:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3922:
3918:
3910:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3874:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3850:
3841:
3833:
3829:
3821:
3817:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3725:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3582:
3578:
3570:
3563:
3555:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3431:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3230:
3222:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3104:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2841:
2837:
2831:Tomlinson (1915
2821:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2793:
2789:
2777:
2773:
2763:Tomlinson (1915
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2731:
2727:
2711:An imperial or
2710:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2682:
2678:
2672:Tomlinson (1915
2660:
2656:
2646:Tomlinson (1915
2638:Bank of England
2634:five-pound note
2631:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:4 ft
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2569:Wylam waggonway
2564:
2560:
2553:Tomlinson (1915
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2513:
2506:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2421:Esk Valley Line
2407:
2405:Modern services
2351:
2346:
2322:Locomotion No.1
2305:Locomotion No 1
2295:Locomotive No.1
2291:Hetton Colliery
2258:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2089:
2073:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
1987:
1963:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1864:
1856:Main articles:
1854:
1779:
1771:
1758:
1753:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1704:
1654:
1646:
1633:
1628:
1573:
1553:8 & 9 Vict.
1546:
1545:
1541:8 & 9 Vict.
1525:
1486:8 & 9 Vict.
1464:
1456:
1443:
1438:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1393:Bishop Auckland
1383:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1351:
1290:
1282:
1269:
1264:
1245:
1228:6 & 7 Vict.
1220:5 & 6 Vict.
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1137:
1129:George Turnbull
1079:One of several
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1052:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1014:Bishop Auckland
999:
995:
992:
990:
981:
977:
974:
972:
967:
963:
960:
958:
931:
926:
909:
883:
879:
876:
874:
867:King William IV
853:
849:
846:
844:
831:
750:
746:
745:
736:
732:
731:
706:
702:
699:
697:
692:
688:
687:
682:
678:
677:
672:
668:
667:
664:
594:
568:Ignatius Bonomi
541:
540:
521:
460:
452:
439:
434:
408:
403:
366:
346:
345:
336:King George III
315:
307:
294:
289:
207:
202:
88:1825–1863
65:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7095:
7085:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6985:
6984:
6979:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6942:
6941:(Network Rail)
6934:
6933:External links
6931:
6930:
6929:
6923:
6910:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6883:
6855:
6837:
6815:
6809:
6796:
6774:
6748:
6730:Smiles, Samuel
6726:
6720:
6707:
6690:
6684:
6669:
6663:
6650:
6644:
6631:
6625:
6612:
6606:
6593:
6587:
6574:
6568:
6555:
6549:
6532:
6526:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6474:
6448:
6436:
6424:
6405:
6393:
6381:
6369:
6357:
6345:
6343:, p. 448.
6333:
6321:
6299:
6271:
6249:
6185:
6140:
6118:
6093:
6071:
6026:
6011:
5999:
5987:
5972:
5960:
5945:
5933:
5921:
5919:, p. 114.
5917:Tomlinson 1915
5906:
5897:
5882:
5852:
5845:
5825:
5823:, p. 136.
5813:
5798:
5739:
5737:, p. 137.
5727:
5725:, p. 192.
5715:
5713:, p. 219.
5703:
5676:
5674:, p. 184.
5664:
5662:, p. 150.
5652:
5650:, p. 189.
5637:
5635:, p. 234.
5625:
5610:
5598:
5586:
5574:
5570:Tomlinson 1915
5562:
5560:, p. 125.
5550:
5538:
5526:
5522:Tomlinson 1915
5514:
5502:
5490:
5488:, p. 176.
5478:
5476:, p. 133.
5466:
5454:
5452:, p. 167.
5442:
5430:
5428:, p. 594.
5426:Tomlinson 1915
5418:
5406:
5404:, p. 127.
5394:
5382:
5370:
5358:
5332:
5320:
5289:
5287:, p. 529.
5285:Tomlinson 1915
5277:
5275:, p. 544.
5273:Tomlinson 1915
5265:
5261:Tomlinson 1915
5253:
5241:
5239:, p. 148.
5224:
5212:
5200:
5188:
5173:
5161:
5157:Tomlinson 1915
5149:
5147:, p. 450.
5137:
5106:
5094:
5092:, p. 572.
5090:Tomlinson 1915
5082:
5080:, p. 115.
5067:
5055:
5051:Tomlinson 1915
5043:
5031:
5029:, p. 153.
5019:
5007:
5005:, p. 113.
4992:
4988:Tomlinson 1915
4980:
4976:Tomlinson 1915
4968:
4953:
4951:, p. 139.
4941:
4937:Tomlinson 1915
4926:
4924:, p. 122.
4911:
4909:, p. 183.
4899:
4897:, p. 463.
4895:Tomlinson 1915
4887:
4885:, p. 148.
4875:
4873:, p. 177.
4856:
4844:
4840:Tomlinson 1915
4832:
4830:, p. 191.
4820:
4818:, p. 474.
4816:Tomlinson 1915
4808:
4796:
4784:
4766:
4754:
4742:
4740:, p. 188.
4730:
4728:, p. 298.
4726:Tomlinson 1915
4718:
4706:
4694:
4682:
4680:, p. 439.
4678:Tomlinson 1915
4670:
4655:
4643:
4641:, p. 508.
4639:Tomlinson 1915
4631:
4629:, p. 437.
4627:Tomlinson 1915
4619:
4607:
4595:
4583:
4581:, p. 418.
4571:
4569:, p. 400.
4567:Tomlinson 1915
4559:
4557:, p. 423.
4555:Tomlinson 1915
4547:
4535:
4533:, p. 416.
4520:
4508:
4496:
4494:, p. 423.
4484:
4472:
4460:
4458:, p. 422.
4448:
4446:, p. 419.
4433:
4431:, p. 415.
4421:
4406:
4399:
4381:
4377:Tomlinson 1915
4369:
4367:, p. 165.
4357:
4355:, p. 414.
4345:
4330:
4315:
4303:
4301:, p. 278.
4299:Tomlinson 1915
4291:
4279:
4267:
4255:
4243:
4231:
4227:Tomlinson 1915
4219:
4207:
4203:Tomlinson 1915
4195:
4191:Tomlinson 1915
4183:
4181:, p. 189.
4179:Tomlinson 1915
4171:
4133:
4111:
4109:, p. 118.
4099:
4082:
4080:, p. 190.
4078:Tomlinson 1915
4070:
4068:, p. 449.
4051:
4047:Tomlinson 1915
4039:
4027:
4025:, p. 187.
4023:Tomlinson 1915
4015:
4013:, p. 188.
4011:Tomlinson 1915
4003:
3999:Tomlinson 1915
3991:
3979:
3977:, p. 237.
3975:Tomlinson 1915
3967:
3952:
3948:Tomlinson 1915
3940:
3938:, p. 175.
3936:Tomlinson 1915
3928:
3916:
3912:Tomlinson 1915
3904:
3892:
3890:, p. 128.
3880:
3878:, p. 169.
3876:Tomlinson 1915
3868:
3864:Tomlinson 1915
3856:
3839:
3837:, p. 131.
3835:Tomlinson 1915
3827:
3825:, p. 130.
3823:Tomlinson 1915
3815:
3813:, p. 117.
3803:
3799:Tomlinson 1915
3791:
3787:Tomlinson 1915
3779:
3775:Tomlinson 1915
3767:
3763:Tomlinson 1915
3755:
3743:
3741:, p. 142.
3739:Tomlinson 1915
3731:
3716:
3714:, p. 141.
3712:Tomlinson 1915
3704:
3700:Tomlinson 1915
3692:
3688:Tomlinson 1915
3677:
3675:, p. 136.
3673:Tomlinson 1915
3665:
3661:Tomlinson 1915
3653:
3624:
3622:, p. 132.
3620:Tomlinson 1915
3612:
3608:Tomlinson 1915
3600:
3596:Tomlinson 1915
3588:
3584:Tomlinson 1915
3576:
3561:
3557:Tomlinson 1915
3549:
3547:, p. 106.
3545:Tomlinson 1915
3537:
3533:Tomlinson 1915
3525:
3513:
3509:Tomlinson 1915
3501:
3497:Tomlinson 1915
3489:
3487:, p. 120.
3485:Tomlinson 1915
3477:
3470:
3450:
3443:
3425:
3421:Tomlinson 1915
3413:
3398:
3396:, p. 105.
3394:Tomlinson 1915
3386:
3382:Tomlinson 1915
3374:
3342:
3327:
3323:Tomlinson 1915
3315:
3311:Tomlinson 1915
3303:
3301:, p. 154.
3291:
3265:
3258:
3240:
3236:Tomlinson 1915
3228:
3213:
3209:Tomlinson 1915
3201:
3188:MeasuringWorth
3165:
3150:
3146:Tomlinson 1915
3138:
3136:, p. 184.
3126:
3122:Tomlinson 1915
3114:
3102:
3083:(2): 186–214.
3067:
3052:
3040:
3036:Tomlinson 1915
3028:
3024:Tomlinson 1915
3016:
3004:
2992:
2980:
2968:
2964:Tomlinson 1915
2956:
2944:
2940:Tomlinson 1915
2932:
2920:
2894:
2890:Tomlinson 1915
2882:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2848:Merthyr Tydfil
2835:
2815:
2805:
2787:
2771:
2769:, p. 143)
2754:
2738:
2725:
2704:
2676:
2654:
2625:
2611:standard gauge
2533:
2524:
2504:
2488:
2475:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2406:
2403:
2381:, part of the
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2283:King George VI
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2231:
2224:
2210:
2207:
2202:Main article:
2199:
2196:
2134:overhead lines
2072:
2069:
2000:carriage works
1986:
1983:
1921:Kirkby Stephen
1868:Barnard Castle
1853:
1852:Over Stainmore
1850:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1614:Board of Trade
1596:than doubled.
1593:blast furnaces
1572:
1569:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1244:
1241:
1161:and using the
1136:
1133:
1126:civil engineer
1122:William Cubitt
1051:
1048:
1018:Alexander Bain
930:
927:
925:
922:
908:
905:
830:
827:
663:
660:
593:
590:
556:River Gaunless
530:
529:
523:
522:
519:
516:
515:
512:
506:
505:
501:
500:
497:
491:
490:
486:
485:
479:
473:
472:
468:
462:
461:
456:
448:
447:
443:
442:
432:
365:
362:
330:
329:
323:
317:
316:
311:
303:
302:
298:
297:
287:
245:Collieries to
206:
203:
201:
198:
192:, operated by
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
64:in Darlington.
51:
43:
42:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7094:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6983:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6967:
6965:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6926:
6920:
6917:. Heinemann.
6916:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6869:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6844:
6843:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6810:0-86093-306-7
6806:
6802:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6784:
6779:
6775:
6763:
6762:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6721:0-14-007646-8
6717:
6713:
6708:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6691:
6687:
6681:
6677:
6676:
6670:
6666:
6664:0-85206-254-0
6660:
6656:
6651:
6647:
6645:0-7153-6439-1
6641:
6637:
6632:
6628:
6626:0-7153-8305-1
6622:
6618:
6613:
6609:
6607:0-600-37655-9
6603:
6599:
6594:
6590:
6588:0-7003-0029-5
6584:
6580:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6562:. Ian Allan.
6561:
6556:
6552:
6550:1-85260-049-7
6546:
6542:
6538:
6533:
6529:
6527:0-7110-0495-1
6523:
6519:
6515:
6510:
6509:
6488:
6487:BBC News Tees
6484:
6478:
6463:. 18 May 2014
6462:
6458:
6452:
6445:
6440:
6433:
6428:
6421:
6420:National Rail
6415:
6414:National Rail
6409:
6402:
6397:
6390:
6385:
6378:
6373:
6367:, p. 60.
6366:
6361:
6354:
6349:
6342:
6337:
6330:
6325:
6309:
6303:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6275:
6259:
6253:
6238:
6234:
6219:
6215:
6200:
6196:
6189:
6173:
6169:
6154:
6150:
6144:
6128:
6122:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6081:
6075:
6060:
6056:
6041:
6037:
6030:
6022:
6015:
6008:
6003:
5997:, p. 11.
5996:
5991:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5964:
5957:
5952:
5950:
5942:
5937:
5930:
5925:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5901:
5895:, p. 26.
5894:
5889:
5887:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5848:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5829:
5822:
5817:
5810:
5805:
5803:
5786:
5779:
5775:
5761:. p. 103
5760:
5753:
5749:
5743:
5736:
5731:
5724:
5719:
5712:
5707:
5691:
5687:
5680:
5673:
5668:
5661:
5656:
5649:
5644:
5642:
5634:
5629:
5622:
5617:
5615:
5607:
5602:
5596:, p. 78.
5595:
5590:
5583:
5578:
5571:
5566:
5559:
5554:
5547:
5542:
5535:
5530:
5523:
5518:
5511:
5506:
5499:
5494:
5487:
5482:
5475:
5470:
5463:
5458:
5451:
5446:
5439:
5434:
5427:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5403:
5398:
5391:
5386:
5379:
5374:
5367:
5362:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5329:
5324:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5286:
5281:
5274:
5269:
5262:
5257:
5250:
5245:
5238:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5222:, p. 76.
5221:
5216:
5209:
5204:
5197:
5192:
5185:
5180:
5178:
5170:
5165:
5158:
5153:
5146:
5141:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5098:
5091:
5086:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5064:
5059:
5052:
5047:
5040:
5035:
5028:
5023:
5016:
5011:
5004:
4999:
4997:
4989:
4984:
4977:
4972:
4966:, Appendix 1.
4965:
4960:
4958:
4950:
4945:
4938:
4933:
4931:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4908:
4903:
4896:
4891:
4884:
4879:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4853:
4848:
4841:
4836:
4829:
4824:
4817:
4812:
4805:
4800:
4793:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4764:, p. 75.
4763:
4758:
4751:
4746:
4739:
4734:
4727:
4722:
4715:
4710:
4704:, p. 90.
4703:
4698:
4691:
4686:
4679:
4674:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4652:
4647:
4640:
4635:
4628:
4623:
4616:
4611:
4604:
4599:
4592:
4587:
4580:
4575:
4568:
4563:
4556:
4551:
4544:
4539:
4532:
4527:
4525:
4517:
4512:
4505:
4500:
4493:
4488:
4481:
4476:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4452:
4445:
4440:
4438:
4430:
4425:
4419:, p. 74.
4418:
4413:
4411:
4402:
4400:9781873513996
4396:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4373:
4366:
4361:
4354:
4349:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4312:
4307:
4300:
4295:
4289:, p. 64.
4288:
4283:
4277:, p. 59.
4276:
4271:
4265:, p. 80.
4264:
4259:
4252:
4247:
4241:, p. 68.
4240:
4235:
4228:
4223:
4216:
4211:
4204:
4199:
4192:
4187:
4180:
4175:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4121:
4120:"Census 2011"
4115:
4108:
4103:
4095:
4094:
4086:
4079:
4074:
4067:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4048:
4043:
4037:, p. 74.
4036:
4031:
4024:
4019:
4012:
4007:
4000:
3995:
3988:
3983:
3976:
3971:
3965:, p. 42.
3964:
3959:
3957:
3949:
3944:
3937:
3932:
3926:, p. 75.
3925:
3920:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3896:
3889:
3884:
3877:
3872:
3865:
3860:
3854:, p. 30.
3853:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3824:
3819:
3812:
3807:
3800:
3795:
3788:
3783:
3776:
3771:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3747:
3740:
3735:
3729:, p. 61.
3728:
3723:
3721:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3662:
3657:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3592:
3586:, p. 91.
3585:
3580:
3574:, p. 27.
3573:
3568:
3566:
3558:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3534:
3529:
3523:, p. 85.
3522:
3517:
3510:
3505:
3498:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3417:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3390:
3383:
3378:
3359:
3352:
3346:
3340:, p. 75.
3339:
3334:
3332:
3324:
3319:
3313:, p. 83.
3312:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3261:
3259:0-297-76934-0
3255:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3232:
3226:, p. 20.
3225:
3220:
3218:
3211:, p. 76.
3210:
3205:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3163:, p. 74.
3162:
3157:
3155:
3148:, p. 74.
3147:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3124:, p. 73.
3123:
3118:
3112:, p. 65.
3111:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3065:, p. 19.
3064:
3059:
3057:
3050:, p. 37.
3049:
3044:
3038:, p. 70.
3037:
3032:
3025:
3020:
3014:, p. 17.
3013:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2989:
2984:
2978:, p. 33.
2977:
2972:
2965:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2930:, p. 16.
2929:
2924:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2729:
2722:
2718:
2717:metric tonnes
2714:
2708:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2612:
2607:1,435 mm
2585:1,422 mm
2577:1,524 mm
2570:
2565:1,219 mm
2558:
2554:
2551:) apart, but
2549:1,422 mm
2542:
2537:
2528:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2501:
2500:Nicholas Wood
2497:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2469:
2465:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2391:Soho Workshop
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:Skerne Bridge
2372:
2371:Head of Steam
2368:
2364:
2357:Skerne Bridge
2355:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2241:Aycliffe Lane
2238:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2071:Later history
2068:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2027:North British
2024:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:William Bouch
2005:
2001:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1960:Belah Viaduct
1957:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1846:Zetland Hotel
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1728:
1724:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1638:
1631:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1605:Northallerton
1602:
1599:In 1852, the
1597:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:Henry Bolckow
1575:In mid-1850,
1568:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1418:South Shields
1401:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1257:
1249:
1240:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1198:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1150:George Hudson
1141:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
987:
956:
952:
948:
944:
935:
924:The way north
921:
913:
904:
896:
892:
890:
872:
871:Port Clarence
868:
864:
860:
841:
837:
836:Middlesbrough
826:
824:
820:
815:
806:
802:
799:
793:
790:
785:
782:to build the
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
743:
729:
725:
715:
711:
659:
657:
653:
647:
645:
644:field hunters
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:horses hauled
621:
616:
612:
608:
598:
589:
587:
586:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
560:Skerne Bridge
557:
554:to cross the
553:
549:
545:
537:
528:
524:
517:
513:
511:
507:
502:
498:
496:
492:
487:
483:
480:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
449:
444:
437:
428:
424:
420:
418:
414:
409:1,422 mm
406:
399:
395:
391:
389:
383:
379:
375:
371:
361:
358:
354:
350:
341:
337:
327:
324:
322:
318:
314:
304:
299:
292:
286:
284:
280:
279:Earl of Eldon
276:
272:
267:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:County Durham
211:
197:
195:
191:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
79:County Durham
77:
73:
68:
63:
62:Skerne Bridge
59:
55:
49:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
6973:– via
6963:
6914:
6896:
6875:. Retrieved
6868:the original
6859:
6849:28 September
6847:. Retrieved
6841:
6823:
6800:
6782:
6766:. Retrieved
6759:
6734:
6711:
6694:
6674:
6657:. Dalesman.
6654:
6635:
6616:
6597:
6578:
6559:
6536:
6513:
6493:12 September
6491:. Retrieved
6486:
6477:
6467:26 September
6465:. Retrieved
6460:
6451:
6439:
6427:
6408:
6396:
6384:
6372:
6360:
6348:
6336:
6324:
6312:. Retrieved
6302:
6290:. Retrieved
6283:
6274:
6262:. Retrieved
6252:
6240:. Retrieved
6236:
6221:. Retrieved
6217:
6202:. Retrieved
6198:
6188:
6176:. Retrieved
6172:the original
6157:. Retrieved
6153:the original
6143:
6131:. Retrieved
6121:
6109:. Retrieved
6105:
6096:
6084:. Retrieved
6074:
6062:. Retrieved
6058:
6043:. Retrieved
6039:
6029:
6020:
6014:
6002:
5990:
5981:
5975:
5963:
5936:
5924:
5900:
5893:Hewison 1983
5873:. Retrieved
5869:the original
5864:
5855:
5835:
5828:
5816:
5789:. Retrieved
5763:. Retrieved
5742:
5730:
5718:
5706:
5694:. Retrieved
5689:
5679:
5667:
5655:
5628:
5601:
5589:
5577:
5565:
5553:
5541:
5529:
5517:
5505:
5493:
5481:
5469:
5464:, p. 9.
5457:
5445:
5433:
5421:
5409:
5397:
5385:
5373:
5361:
5349:. Retrieved
5345:the original
5335:
5330:, p. 8.
5323:
5311:. Retrieved
5305:
5292:
5280:
5268:
5256:
5244:
5215:
5203:
5191:
5164:
5152:
5140:
5128:. Retrieved
5124:the original
5119:
5109:
5097:
5085:
5058:
5046:
5034:
5022:
5010:
4983:
4971:
4944:
4902:
4890:
4878:
4847:
4835:
4823:
4811:
4799:
4787:
4769:
4757:
4745:
4733:
4721:
4709:
4697:
4685:
4673:
4646:
4634:
4622:
4610:
4598:
4586:
4579:Whishaw 1842
4574:
4562:
4550:
4545:, p. 9.
4538:
4531:Whishaw 1842
4516:Whishaw 1842
4511:
4504:Whishaw 1842
4499:
4492:Whishaw 1842
4487:
4475:
4468:Whishaw 1842
4463:
4456:Whishaw 1842
4451:
4444:Whishaw 1842
4429:Whishaw 1842
4424:
4390:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4353:Whishaw 1842
4348:
4306:
4294:
4282:
4270:
4258:
4246:
4234:
4222:
4210:
4198:
4186:
4174:
4162:. Retrieved
4158:the original
4151:
4124:. Retrieved
4114:
4102:
4092:
4085:
4073:
4042:
4030:
4018:
4006:
3994:
3982:
3970:
3943:
3931:
3919:
3907:
3895:
3883:
3871:
3859:
3830:
3818:
3806:
3794:
3782:
3770:
3758:
3746:
3734:
3707:
3695:
3668:
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3636:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3552:
3540:
3528:
3516:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3460:
3453:
3434:
3428:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3367:12 September
3365:. Retrieved
3358:the original
3345:
3318:
3306:
3294:
3282:. Retrieved
3278:the original
3268:
3249:
3243:
3231:
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3186:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3007:
3000:Thomson 1819
2995:
2983:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2913:12 September
2911:. Retrieved
2906:
2897:
2885:
2880:, back page.
2873:
2838:
2818:
2808:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2781:
2774:
2757:
2747:
2741:
2728:
2707:
2679:
2665:
2662:Smiles (1904
2657:
2628:
2541:Smiles (1904
2536:
2527:
2496:Smiles (1904
2491:
2483:
2478:
2468:
2433:
2409:The current
2408:
2399:
2386:
2360:
2325:
2321:
2310:
2304:
2294:
2275:
2265:
2249:block system
2239:exploded at
2234:
2187:
2181:
2169:
2146:
2131:
2086:
2074:
2051:
2020:
1996:
1953:
1945:Thomas Bouch
1923:to meet the
1902:
1865:
1836:
1832:
1823:
1804:Skinningrove
1797:
1749:
1718:
1716:
1682:17 June 1852
1678:Royal assent
1610:Eaglescliffe
1598:
1581:John Vaughan
1574:
1565:
1544:
1530:
1503:31 July 1845
1499:Royal assent
1397:
1362:
1356:
1329:15 July 1837
1325:Royal assent
1233:
1199:
1146:
1119:
1086:
1053:
988:
940:
918:
901:
832:
822:
818:
813:
811:
798:dandy waggon
794:
788:
784:Royal George
783:
779:
771:
767:
763:
759:
757:
720:
665:
656:Preston Park
652:Eaglescliffe
648:
640:
635:
631:
610:
606:
603:
583:
572:
564:River Skerne
539:
533:
495:Royal assent
385:
382:Joseph Pease
367:
357:royal assent
344:
333:
271:private bill
266:Edward Pease
243:
227:George Dixon
216:
182:
168:to join the
152:and east to
139:
109:
105:
103:
53:
25:
6877:31 December
6714:. Penguin.
6314:31 December
5968:Hoole 1974b
5956:Hoole 1974b
5875:28 November
5821:Hoole 1974a
5735:Hoole 1974a
5723:Walton 1992
5711:Hoole 1974a
5696:25 November
5672:Hoole 1974a
5660:Walton 1992
5648:Walton 1992
5621:Hedges 1981
5594:Walton 1992
5582:Hoole 1974a
5558:Hoole 1974a
5546:Walton 1992
5510:Hoole 1974a
5498:Hoole 1974a
5486:Hoole 1974a
5462:Hoole 1974b
5450:Walton 1992
5438:Walton 1992
5366:Hoole 1974a
5328:Hoole 1974b
5249:Walton 1992
5237:Walton 1992
5220:Walton 1992
5196:Walton 1992
5184:Walton 1992
5039:Hoole 1974a
4922:Hoole 1974a
4907:Hoole 1974a
4871:Hoole 1974a
4852:Hoole 1974a
4828:Hoole 1974a
4804:Hoole 1974a
4792:Hoole 1974a
4750:Hoole 1974a
4738:Hoole 1974a
4714:Hoole 1974a
4615:Hoole 1974a
4603:Hoole 1974a
4365:Hoole 1974a
4326:Hoole 1974a
4126:27 December
4107:Hoole 1974a
3987:Hoole 1974a
3888:Hoole 1974a
3811:Hoole 1974a
3299:Smiles 1904
3077:Imago Mundi
2827:Allen (1974
2823:Kirby (2002
2642:Allen (1974
2423:to Whitby.
2198:Locomotives
2043:Knottingley
1838:Henry Pease
1812:Cargo Fleet
1693:Repealed by
1514:Repealed by
1340:Repealed by
1081:six coupled
1056:six coupled
1012:, south of
510:Repealed by
499:23 May 1823
484:. c. xxxiii
231:John Rennie
58:John Dobbin
6991:Categories
6975:Wikisource
6600:. Hamlyn.
5941:Allen 1974
5929:Kirby 2002
5633:Allen 1974
5606:Allen 1974
5534:Allen 1974
5474:Allen 1974
5414:Allen 1974
5402:Allen 1974
5390:Allen 1974
5378:Allen 1974
5351:14 January
5313:14 January
5208:Allen 1974
5169:Allen 1974
5102:Allen 1974
5078:Allen 1974
5063:Allen 1974
5027:Kirby 2002
5015:Kirby 2002
5003:Allen 1974
4964:Kirby 2002
4949:Kirby 2002
4883:Awdry 1990
4762:Allen 1974
4702:Allen 1974
4690:Allen 1974
4666:Allen 1974
4651:Allen 1974
4417:Allen 1974
4341:Allen 1974
4311:Allen 1974
4287:Allen 1974
4275:Allen 1974
4263:Kirby 2002
4251:Kirby 2002
4239:Kirby 2002
4215:Kirby 2002
4035:Kirby 2002
3963:Allen 1974
3924:Kirby 2002
3900:Allen 1974
3852:Allen 1974
3751:Kirby 2002
3727:Kirby 2002
3572:Allen 1974
3224:Allen 1974
3134:Kirby 2002
3063:Allen 1974
3048:Kirby 2002
3012:Allen 1974
2988:Kirby 2002
2976:Kirby 2002
2952:Allen 1974
2928:Allen 1974
2878:Kirby 2002
2866:References
2767:Rolt (1984
2721:short tons
2719:and 1.120
2650:Rolt (1984
2559:was about
2557:waggonways
2363:North Road
2326:Locomotion
2194:concerns.
2067:per cent.
1949:River Eden
1927:(WCML) at
1913:Lancashire
1909:Cumberland
1905:phosphorus
1557:Frosterley
1470:Long title
1296:Long title
1107:Hartlepool
1044:River Tyne
814:Experiment
789:Chittaprat
780:Chittaprat
772:Experiment
768:Chittaprat
742:River Wear
636:Experiment
607:Experiment
579:locomotive
466:Long title
275:Parliament
251:Darlington
223:packhorses
126:Darlington
118:collieries
6833:833076248
6792:504251788
6744:220796785
6518:Ian Allan
6418:Table 45
6412:Table 44
6341:Cobb 2006
6264:1 January
6242:1 January
6223:1 January
6204:1 January
6178:1 January
6159:1 January
6133:1 January
6086:1 January
6064:1 January
6045:1 January
6021:The Times
6007:Cook 1975
5995:Cook 1975
5982:The Times
5809:Cobb 2006
5791:4 January
5765:4 January
5145:Cobb 2006
5130:1 January
4480:Rolt 1984
4066:Cobb 2006
3521:Rolt 1984
3338:Rolt 1984
3161:Rolt 1984
3110:Rolt 1984
3097:128691305
2573:5 ft
2561:4 ft
2518:(d) in a
2516:old pence
2182:In 1963,
1667:c. lxxiii
1040:Gateshead
724:shillings
562:over the
328:. c. xliv
253:to reach
162:Cleveland
93:Successor
6821:(1842).
6780:(1915).
6732:(1904).
6703:12040938
6461:BBC News
5776:(1963).
5750:(1963).
4543:Lee 1946
4164:24 March
3633:"staith"
3284:25 March
2858:in 1818.
2761:Compare
2713:long ton
2603: in
2520:shilling
2436:Northern
2349:Heritage
2119:Wearhead
1917:Pennines
1816:Saltburn
1808:Staithes
1785:Citation
1660:Citation
1585:iron ore
1561:Stanhope
1481:Citation
1314:c. cxxii
1307:Citation
548:4 Geo. 4
482:4 Geo. 4
477:Citation
394:plateway
321:Citation
255:Stockton
194:Northern
166:Pennines
150:Weardale
144:between
134:new port
130:Stockton
110:S&DR
70:Overview
6906:2295793
6768:25 July
6505:Sources
6292:14 June
5787:. map 9
3646:8 March
2803:tracks.
2800:outside
2697:⁄
2686:bushels
2618:⁄
2598:⁄
2369:as the
2338:Clapham
2272:in 1875
2219:at the
2078:Consett
2062:⁄
1975:Penrith
1941:Appleby
1937:Penrith
1887:⁄
1792:c. cxvi
1738:⁄
1488:c. clii
1475:Durham.
1411:⁄
1382:⁄
1209:⁄
1192:⁄
1178:⁄
1159:Rainton
1090:Rankine
1067:⁄
1029:⁄
998:⁄
980:⁄
966:⁄
882:⁄
852:⁄
819:Express
749:⁄
735:⁄
705:⁄
691:⁄
681:⁄
671:⁄
592:Opening
247:Shildon
205:Origins
200:Genesis
178:Penrith
122:Shildon
52:In the
6966:
6921:
6904:
6831:
6807:
6790:
6742:
6718:
6701:
6682:
6661:
6642:
6623:
6604:
6585:
6566:
6547:
6524:
6111:15 May
5843:
4397:
3468:
3441:
3256:
3095:
2796:inside
2734:staith
2344:Legacy
1111:Seaton
1100:. The
558:. The
398:Robert
263:Quaker
154:Redcar
75:Locale
6871:(PDF)
6864:(PDF)
5781:(PDF)
5755:(PDF)
3361:(PDF)
3354:(PDF)
3194:7 May
3093:S2CID
2813:1852.
2460:Notes
2113:4-4-0
2107:2-2-2
2101:2-4-0
2091:0-6-0
2041:from
1965:4-4-0
1929:Tebay
1672:Dates
1589:Eston
1493:Dates
1389:Crook
1319:Dates
823:Union
728:pence
489:Dates
413:gauge
174:Tebay
124:with
120:near
6919:ISBN
6902:OCLC
6879:2013
6851:2013
6829:OCLC
6805:ISBN
6788:OCLC
6770:2015
6740:OCLC
6716:ISBN
6699:OCLC
6680:ISBN
6659:ISBN
6640:ISBN
6621:ISBN
6602:ISBN
6583:ISBN
6564:ISBN
6545:ISBN
6522:ISBN
6495:2015
6469:2014
6316:2013
6294:2007
6266:2014
6244:2014
6225:2014
6206:2014
6180:2014
6161:2014
6135:2014
6113:2021
6088:2014
6066:2014
6047:2014
5877:2010
5841:ISBN
5793:2014
5785:HMSO
5767:2014
5759:HMSO
5698:2006
5353:2014
5315:2014
5132:2014
4395:ISBN
4166:2013
4128:2013
3648:2014
3466:ISBN
3439:ISBN
3369:2015
3286:2014
3254:ISBN
3196:2024
2915:2013
2842:The
2798:and
2285:and
2264:The
2170:The
2136:and
2029:and
1939:via
1919:via
1911:and
1860:and
1806:and
1579:and
1531:The
1402:, a
1398:The
1357:The
1153:The
1109:via
947:York
764:Hope
577:, a
146:York
128:and
104:The
3175:UK
3085:doi
2778:In
2688:or
2361:At
1587:at
172:at
6993::
6969:.
6758:.
6543:.
6539:.
6520:.
6516:.
6485:.
6459:.
6282:.
6235:.
6216:.
6197:.
6104:.
6057:.
6038:.
5948:^
5909:^
5885:^
5863:.
5801:^
5783:.
5757:.
5688:.
5640:^
5613:^
5304:.
5300:.
5227:^
5176:^
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5070:^
4995:^
4956:^
4929:^
4914:^
4859:^
4777:.
4658:^
4523:^
4436:^
4409:^
4333:^
4318:^
4150:.
4136:^
4054:^
3955:^
3842:^
3719:^
3680:^
3639:.
3635:.
3564:^
3330:^
3216:^
3185:.
3168:^
3153:^
3091:.
3081:61
3079:.
3055:^
2905:.
2732:A
2690:25
2507:^
2451:.
2340:.
1880:15
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1404:33
1395:.
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973:34
845:11
698:57
634:,
570:.
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180:.
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1207:1
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1190:1
1187:+
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1173:+
1069:2
1065:1
1062:+
1060:4
1031:4
1027:1
1024:+
1022:3
1000:2
996:1
993:+
991:3
982:2
978:1
975:+
968:2
964:1
961:+
959:1
884:4
880:1
877:+
875:2
854:2
850:1
847:+
751:2
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737:4
733:1
707:2
703:1
700:+
693:4
689:3
683:2
679:1
673:2
669:1
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407:(
351:(
108:(
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