195:
174:
80:
359:
22:
373:
387:
234:
Street, died when she was buried under the brewery's collapsed wall while washing pots in the pub's yard. Another child, Sarah Bates, was found dead in another house in New Street. The land around the building was low-lying and flat. With insufficient drainage, the beer flowed into cellars, many of which were inhabited, and people were forced to climb on furniture to avoid drowning.
311:
the vats failed three or four times a year, but without any previous problems. Accounts were also heard from
Richard Hawse—the landlord of the Tavistock Arms, whose barmaid had been killed in the accident—and several others. The jury returned a verdict that the eight had lost their lives "casually, accidentally and by misfortune".
258:
spectators came to view the scene. The mourners killed in the cellar were given their own wake at The Ship public house in
Bainbridge Street. The other bodies were laid out in a nearby yard by their families; the public came to see them and donated money for their funerals. Collections were taken up more widely for the families.
253:
a few days later. The brewing historian Martyn
Cornell states that newspapers of the time made no reference to the revelry, or of the later death; instead, the newspapers reported that the crowds were well-behaved. Cornell points out that the popular press of the time did not like the immigrant Irish
208:
ten-month-old porter. As the bands slipped off the vats two or three times a year, Crick was unconcerned. He told his supervisor about the problem, but was told "that no harm whatever would ensue". Crick was told to write a note to Mr Young, one of the partners of the brewery, to have it fixed later.
207:
At around 4:30 in the afternoon of 17 October 1814, George Crick, Meux's storehouse clerk, saw that one of the 700-pound (320 kg) iron bands around a vat had slipped. The 22-foot (6.7 m) tall vessel was filled to within four inches (ten centimetres) of the top with 3,555 imperial barrels of
310:
Hodgson took the jurors to the scene of the events, and they viewed the brewery and bodies before evidence was taken from witnesses. The first witness was George Crick, who had seen the event happen in full; his brother was one of the men who had been injured at the brewery. Crick said that hoops on
228:
A wave of porter some 15 feet (4.6 m) high swept into New Street, where it destroyed two houses and badly damaged two others. In one of the houses a four-year-old girl, Hannah
Bamfield, was having tea with her mother and another child. The wave of beer swept the mother and the second child into
123:, a dark beer that was first brewed in London and was the most popular alcoholic drink in the capital. Meux & Co brewed 102,493 imperial barrels in the twelve months up to July 1812. Porter was left in the large vessels to mature for several months, or up to a year for the best quality versions.
257:
The area surrounding the rear of the brewery showed a "scene of desolation presents a most awful and terrific appearance, equal to that which fire or earthquake may be supposed to occasion". Watchmen at the brewery charged people to view the remains of the destroyed beer vats, and several hundred
233:
was being held by an Irish family for a two-year-old boy; Anne
Saville, the boy's mother, and four other mourners (Mary Mulvey and her three-year-old son, Elizabeth Smith and Catherine Butler) were killed. Eleanor Cooper, a 14-year-old servant of the publican of the Tavistock Arms in Great Russell
220:
of porter were destroyed, and their contents added to the flood. Between 128,000 and 323,000 imperial gallons were released. The force of the liquid destroyed the rear wall of the brewery; it was 25 feet (7.6 m) high and two and a half bricks thick. Some of the bricks from the back wall were
1632:
137:. The rookery, which covered an area of eight acres (3.2 ha), "was a perpetually decaying slum seemingly always on the verge of social and economic collapse", according to Richard Kirkland, the professor of Irish literature. Thomas Beames, the preacher of
118:
Henry Meux emulated his father's large vat, and constructed a wooden vessel 22 feet (6.7 m) tall and capable of holding 18,000 imperial barrels. Eighty long tons (eighty-one metric tons) of iron hoops were used to strengthen the vat. Meux brewed only
323:, Meux & Co did not have to pay compensation. Nevertheless, the disaster—the lost porter, the damage to the buildings and the replacement of the vat—cost the company £23,000. After a private petition to Parliament they recovered about £7,250 from
211:
An hour after the hoop fell off, Crick was standing on a platform thirty feet (9.1 m) from the vat, holding the note to Mr Young, when the vessel, with no indication, burst. The force of the liquid's release knocked the
41:
burst. The escaping liquid dislodged the valve of another vessel and destroyed several large barrels: between 128,000 and 323,000 imperial gallons (580,000–1,470,000 L; 154,000–388,000 US gal) of beer were released in total.
346:
was later built on the site. Meux & Co went into liquidation in 1961. As a result of the accident, large wooden tanks were phased out across the brewing industry and replaced with lined concrete vessels.
63:
returned a verdict that the eight had lost their lives "casually, accidentally and by misfortune". The brewery was nearly bankrupted by the event; it avoided collapse after a rebate from
1582:
826:
824:
821:
525:£23,000 in 1814 equates to approximately £2,032,000 in 2023; £7,250 in 1814 equates to approximately £641,000 in 2023, according to calculations based on the
1863:
237:
All those in the brewery survived, although three workmen had to be rescued from the rubble; the superintendent and one of the workers were taken to
1838:
1001:
806:
1808:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
451:
New Street was demolished as part of redevelopment in the twentieth century; Dyott Street still runs along approximately the same course.
67:
on the lost beer. The brewing industry gradually stopped using large wooden vats after the accident. The brewery moved in 1921, and the
542:
1767:
985:
969:
1544:
844:
842:
830:
1421:
1400:
1332:
1311:
1290:
1271:
1252:
1223:
1204:
1183:
526:
1649:
839:
330:
The Horse Shoe
Brewery went back into business soon afterwards, but closed in 1921 when Meux moved their production to the
1438:
Kirkland, Richard (Spring 2012). "Reading the
Rookery: The Social Meaning of an Irish Slum in Nineteenth-Century London".
45:
The resulting wave of porter destroyed the back wall of the brewery and swept into an area of slum dwellings known as the
1666:
1833:
1818:
478:
128,000 to 323,000 imperial gallons equates to 580,000–1,470,000 L; 1,020,000–2,580,000 imp pt; 154,000–388,000 US gal.
194:
1633:"'A real beer tsunami'. Remembering the big British beer flood of October, 1814 with brewing historian Martyn Cornell"
687:
685:
702:
700:
682:
1562:
1007:
1853:
1535:
1062:
1060:
1058:
812:
697:
145:, described the St Giles rookery as "a rendezvous of the scum of society"; the area had been the inspiration for
37:, London, on 17 October 1814. It took place when one of the 22-foot-tall (6.7 m) wooden vats of fermenting
1055:
358:
270:
173:
60:
1843:
1828:
516:
Both Mrs
Bamfield and the second child spent time in hospital in a critical condition, but later recovered.
1716:
1016:
92:
1303:
Industrial
Britain Under the Regency, 1814–18: The Diaries of Escher, Bodmer, May And De Gallois 1814–18
1858:
1823:
1731:
1553:
1028:
954:
691:
561:
254:
population that lived in St Giles, so if there had been any misbehaviour, it would have been reported.
79:
115:), in which he had constructed the largest vat in London, capable of holding 20,000 imperial barrels.
1748:
1747:
706:
1732:
1699:
1164:
Brinch
Kissmeyer, Anders; Garrett, Oliver (2012). "Fermentation vessels". In Garrett, Oliver (ed.).
1102:
1683:
1517:
1508:
991:
975:
400:
151:
87:
In the early nineteenth century the Meux Brewery was one of the two largest in London, along with
1848:
1813:
249:
Stories later arose of hundreds of people collecting the beer, mass drunkenness and a death from
1194:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
131:
1598:
1196:
Food History Almanac: Over 1,300 Years of World Culinary History, Culture and Social Influence
1631:
1364:
1022:
1411:
1382:
1346:
1322:
1301:
1234:
1165:
1146:
760:
1481:
1392:
1244:
1175:
848:
222:
180:
138:
100:
8:
1368:
338:, which they had purchased in 1914. At the time of its closure the site covered 103,000
1463:
1455:
238:
96:
34:
442:
102,493 imperial barrels equates to 16,774,000 L; 3,690,000 imp gal; 4,431,000 US gal.
1467:
1417:
1396:
1352:
1328:
1307:
1286:
1267:
1248:
1219:
1200:
1179:
1152:
250:
71:
is now where the brewery used to stand. Meux & Co went into liquidation in 1961.
21:
1447:
1388:
1240:
1171:
343:
267:
112:
68:
57:
46:
230:
146:
108:
53:
1698:
777:
424:
20,000 imperial barrels equates to 3,300,000 L; 720,000 imp gal; 860,000 US gal.
1617:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
433:
18,000 imperial barrels equates to 2,900,000 L; 650,000 imp gal; 780,000 US gal
392:
134:
49:
1600:
The Gentleman's Magazine: And Historical Chronicle. From July To December 1814
1490:
1233:
Dornbusch, Horst; Garrett, Oliver (2012). "Porter". In Garrett, Oliver (ed.).
1066:
1802:
1782:
1769:
1356:
1156:
460:
3,555 imperial barrels equates to 581,800 L; 128,000 imp gal; 153,700 US gal.
364:
184:
120:
104:
88:
38:
1616:
372:
216:
from a neighbouring vat, which also began discharging its contents; several
200:
Close-up, showing the location of New Street, which was a cul-de-sac by 1814
1342:
277:
of the St Giles parish on 19 October 1814; George Hodgson, the coroner for
1451:
1594:
1378:
378:
339:
1459:
1526:
1499:
1034:
960:
335:
320:
127:
342:(9,600 m). The brewery was demolished the following year and the
612:
331:
324:
278:
274:
221:
knocked upwards, and fell onto the roofs of the houses in the nearby
64:
1571:
1370:
The Dictionary of Chronology, Or Historical and Statistical Register
1108:
281:, oversaw proceedings. The details of the victims were read out as:
217:
213:
660:
658:
487:
Sources disagree on the amount of beer released. Figures include:
692:"UCL Bloomsbury Project: Dyott Street". University College London
1092:
1090:
229:
the street; Hannah was killed. In the second destroyed house, a
920:
918:
707:"UCL Bloomsbury Project: New Street". University College London
655:
107:. Meux's father, Sir Richard Meux, had previously co-owned the
1583:"What really happened in the London Beer Flood 200 years ago?"
602:
600:
1087:
915:
1216:
Amber, Gold and Black: The History of Britain's Great Beers
597:
56:
being held by an Irish family for a two-year-old boy. The
643:
52:. Eight people were killed, five of them mourners at the
1285:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing Limited.
930:
874:
872:
587:
585:
1163:
1023:"A real beer tsunami" Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
618:
570:
83:"A Scene in St Giles's" – the St Giles rookery, c. 1850
1148:
The Rookeries of London: Past, Present and Prospective
724:
143:
The Rookeries of London: Past, Present and Prospective
1563:"Dreadful Catastrophe at Meux & Co's Brewhouse".
1554:"Dreadful Accident at H. Meux & Co's Brewhouse".
1536:"Dreadful Accident at H. Meux & Co's Brewhouse".
1008:"Dreadful Catastrophe at Meux & Co's Brewhouse".
942:
903:
893:
891:
889:
887:
869:
813:"Dreadful Accident at H. Meux & Co's Brewhouse".
712:
670:
633:
631:
629:
627:
582:
1635:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 October 2014
1117:
1043:
857:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
748:
736:
562:"Dreadful Accident at H Meux & Co's Brewhouse".
354:
179:
The Horse Shoe Brewery (centre), at the junction of
130:
that joined on to Dyott Street; this was within the
1413:
The Brewing Industry: A Guide to Historical Records
126:At the rear of the brewery ran New Street, a small
1545:"Dreadful Accident at Meux & Co's Brewhouse".
884:
831:"Dreadful Accident at Meux & Co's Brewhouse".
624:
1351:. Vol. 4. London: Charles Griffin & Co.
1075:
783:
319:As the coroner's inquest reached a verdict of an
1800:
1717:"The London Beer Flood 1814 – Untold lives blog"
1664:
1232:
924:
664:
1409:
1218:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press.
1096:
1416:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
1650:"This 1814 Beer Flood Killed Eight People"
778:"The London Beer Flood". The History Press
469:A hogshead equates to 54 imperial gallons.
1864:19th-century floods in the United Kingdom
1714:
1440:New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua
1410:Richmond, Lesley; Turton, Alison (1990).
1299:
1283:The Lost Beers & Breweries of Britain
878:
576:
1437:
1199:. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.
1192:
936:
730:
78:
20:
1839:History of the London Borough of Camden
1715:Makepeace, Margaret (17 October 2015).
1647:
1363:
1320:
1213:
948:
909:
676:
649:
637:
591:
406:
291:Thomas Murry, age 3 (Mary Mulvey's son)
1801:
1733:"UCL Bloomsbury Project: Dyott Street"
1682:Klein, Christopher (17 October 2014).
1580:
1341:
1327:. London: Royal Society of Chemistry.
1280:
1261:
1144:
897:
863:
754:
742:
718:
606:
1681:
1614:
1593:
1387:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1377:
1266:. Boulder, CO: Brewers Publications.
1239:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1170:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1123:
1081:
1049:
800:
294:Hannah Bamfield, age 4 years 4 months
1809:1814 disasters in the United Kingdom
1749:"UCL Bloomsbury Project: New Street"
1603:. Vol. LXXXIV. London: Nichols.
1393:10.1093/acref/9780195367133.001.0001
1306:. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge.
1245:10.1093/acref/9780195367133.001.0001
1176:10.1093/acref/9780195367133.001.0001
499:between 290,000 and 320,000 imp gal;
493:between 130,000 and 270,000 imp gal;
261:
166:Location of the Horse Shoe brewhouse
619:Brinch Kissmeyer & Garrett 2012
244:
33:was an accident at Meux & Co's
25:Horse Shoe Brewery, London, c. 1800
13:
1547:London Courier and Evening Gazette
833:London Courier and Evening Gazette
158:
14:
1875:
1348:London Labour and the London Poor
297:Sarah Bates, age 3 years 5 months
1581:Tingle, Rory (17 October 2014).
1518:"The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's".
1509:"The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's".
1482:"Accident at Meux's Brewhouse".
992:"The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's".
976:"The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's".
849:"Accident at Meux's Brewhouse".
385:
371:
357:
193:
172:
1667:"The London Beer Flood of 1814"
1576:. 23 February 1922. p. 22.
1381:(2012). Oliver, Garrett (ed.).
519:
510:
481:
472:
463:
454:
445:
436:
327:, saving them from bankruptcy.
16:1814 brewery disaster in London
1648:Eschner, Kat (4 August 2017).
427:
418:
141:, and author of the 1852 work
1:
1567:. 22 October 1814. p. 3.
1558:. 20 October 1814. p. 3.
1549:. 20 October 1814. p. 2.
1540:. 24 October 1814. p. 2.
1531:. 19 October 1814. p. 3.
1522:. 21 October 1814. p. 3.
1513:. 20 October 1814. p. 3.
1504:. 19 October 1814. p. 3.
1495:. 25 October 1814. p. 3.
1486:. 20 October 1814. p. 3.
1475:
1324:A History of Beer and Brewing
536:
74:
1384:The Oxford Companion to Beer
1236:The Oxford Companion to Beer
1167:The Oxford Companion to Beer
665:Dornbusch & Garrett 2012
7:
1751:. University College London
1735:. University College London
1608:
1431:
350:
241:, along with three others.
111:in Liquor-Pond Street (now
10:
1880:
1132:
1097:Richmond & Turton 1990
1834:Food processing disasters
1819:1814 industrial disasters
1652:. Smithsonian Institution
1300:Henderson, W. O. (2005).
306:Catherine Butler, age 65.
1321:Hornsey, Ian S. (2007).
1214:Cornell, Martyn (2010).
1193:Clarkson, Janet (2014).
1138:
411:
401:List of non-water floods
314:
1700:"The London Beer Flood"
1684:"The London Beer Flood"
1615:Clark, Gregory (2018).
1151:. London: T. Bosworth.
1145:Beames, Thomas (1852).
303:Elizabeth Smith, age 27
1854:1814 natural disasters
1365:Overall, William Henry
1281:Glover, Brian (2012).
1262:Foster, Terry (1992).
285:Eleanor Cooper, age 14
84:
26:
1572:"The Estate Market".
1527:"Dreadful Accident".
1500:"Dreadful Accident".
1491:"Coroner's Inquest".
1452:10.1353/nhr.2012.0000
1109:"The Estate Market".
1067:"Coroner's Inquest".
1035:"Dreadful Accident".
961:"Dreadful Accident".
529:measure of inflation.
496:over 220,000 imp gal;
99:, at the junction of
82:
24:
1783:51.51694°N 0.13000°W
925:Johnson, Historic UK
527:Consumer Price Index
502:320,000 imp gal; and
407:Notes and references
223:Great Russell Street
181:Tottenham Court Road
139:Westminster St James
101:Tottenham Court Road
1844:October 1814 events
1829:Disasters in London
1779: /
1702:. The History Press
1565:Northampton Mercury
1010:Northampton Mercury
652:, pp. 486–487.
300:Ann Saville, age 60
288:Mary Mulvey, age 30
1788:51.51694; -0.13000
1538:Caledonian Mercury
1373:. London: W. Tegg.
815:Caledonian Mercury
239:Middlesex Hospital
97:Horse Shoe Brewery
85:
35:Horse Shoe Brewery
27:
1859:Floods in England
1824:Brewing in London
1719:. British Library
1484:Morning Chronicle
1423:978-0-7190-3032-1
1402:978-0-19-536713-3
1334:978-1-84755-002-6
1313:978-0-415-38220-5
1292:978-1-4456-2049-7
1273:978-0-9373-8128-1
1254:978-0-19-536713-3
1225:978-0-7524-5567-9
1206:978-1-4422-2715-6
1185:978-0-19-536713-3
851:Morning Chronicle
262:Coroner's inquest
251:alcohol poisoning
31:London Beer Flood
1871:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:
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1777:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1760:
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1619:. MeasuringWorth
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1523:
1514:
1505:
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913:
907:
901:
895:
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876:
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846:
837:
828:
819:
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804:
798:
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775:
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734:
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616:
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604:
595:
589:
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574:
568:
559:
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517:
514:
508:
505:323,000 imp gal.
490:128,000 imp gal;
485:
479:
476:
470:
467:
461:
458:
452:
449:
443:
440:
434:
431:
425:
422:
395:
390:
389:
388:
381:
376:
375:
367:
362:
361:
344:Dominion Theatre
273:was held at the
245:17 to 19 October
197:
176:
113:Clerkenwell Road
69:Dominion Theatre
1879:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1870:
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1705:
1703:
1689:
1687:
1672:
1670:
1655:
1653:
1638:
1636:
1622:
1620:
1611:
1595:Urban, Sylvanus
1587:The Independent
1493:Kentish Gazette
1478:
1434:
1424:
1403:
1335:
1314:
1293:
1274:
1255:
1226:
1207:
1186:
1141:
1135:
1130:
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1118:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1069:Kentish Gazette
1065:
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1044:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1006:
1002:
990:
986:
974:
970:
959:
955:
947:
943:
939:, p. 1005.
935:
931:
923:
916:
908:
904:
896:
885:
877:
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862:
858:
847:
840:
829:
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159:17 October 1814
147:William Hogarth
109:Griffin Brewery
77:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Regency London
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1814:1814 in London
1811:
1762:
1761:
1745:
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1126:, p. 583.
1116:
1101:
1099:, p. 233.
1086:
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1052:, p. 390.
1042:
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879:Makepeace 2015
868:
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820:
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759:
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735:
723:
721:, p. 299.
711:
696:
681:
669:
667:, p. 662.
654:
642:
623:
621:, p. 348.
611:
596:
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581:
579:, p. 148.
577:Henderson 2005
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93:Sir Henry Meux
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951:, p. 61.
950:
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937:Clarkson 2014
933:
926:
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911:
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756:
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745:, p. 19.
744:
739:
733:, p. 16.
732:
731:Kirkland 2012
727:
720:
715:
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678:
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1753:. Retrieved
1737:. Retrieved
1721:. Retrieved
1704:. Retrieved
1688:. Retrieved
1671:. Retrieved
1654:. Retrieved
1637:. Retrieved
1621:. Retrieved
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1529:Evening Mail
1528:
1520:Morning Post
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1502:Morning Post
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1446:(1): 16–30.
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1379:Protz, Roger
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994:Morning Post
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963:Evening Mail
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1786: /
898:Tingle 2014
864:Foster 1992
755:Beames 1852
743:Beames 1852
719:Mayhew 1862
607:Glover 2012
379:Beer portal
340:square feet
334:brewery in
1803:Categories
1774:00°07′48″W
1771:51°31′01″N
1623:30 January
1476:Newspapers
1124:Protz 2012
1082:Clark 2018
1050:Urban 1814
801:Klein 2014
537:References
336:Wandsworth
321:act of God
128:cul-de-sac
91:. In 1809
75:Background
1574:The Times
1556:The Times
1468:144980722
1357:633789935
1157:828478078
1111:The Times
564:The Times
332:Nine Elms
325:HM Excise
279:Middlesex
275:Workhouse
268:coroner's
218:hogsheads
89:Whitbread
65:HM Excise
58:coroner's
1609:Internet
1597:(1814).
1460:23266637
1432:Journals
1367:(1870).
1345:(1862).
351:See also
214:stopcock
152:Gin Lane
132:St Giles
47:St Giles
1755:23 July
1739:23 July
1723:27 July
1706:25 July
1690:25 July
1673:27 July
1656:22 July
1639:30 July
1133:Sources
271:inquest
135:rookery
61:inquest
50:rookery
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121:porter
39:porter
1464:S2CID
1456:JSTOR
1139:Books
412:Notes
315:Later
1757:2019
1741:2019
1725:2019
1708:2019
1692:2019
1675:2019
1658:2019
1641:2019
1625:2018
1418:ISBN
1397:ISBN
1353:OCLC
1329:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1220:ISBN
1201:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1153:OCLC
266:The
231:wake
183:and
103:and
54:wake
29:The
1448:doi
1389:doi
1241:doi
1172:doi
1805::
1585:.
1462:.
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1444:16
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1247:.
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