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decompressor to shift, rotate, lighten, or darken the copy. This longer command still remains much shorter than data generated by intra-frame compression. Usually, the encoder will also transmit a residue signal which describes the remaining more subtle differences to the reference imagery. Using entropy coding, these residue signals have a more compact representation than the full signal. In areas of video with more motion, the compression must encode more data to keep up with the larger number of pixels that are changing. Commonly during explosions, flames, flocks of animals, and in some panning shots, the high-frequency detail leads to quality decreases or to increases in the
945:
1471:
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445:, and compression-based similarity measures compute similarity within these feature spaces. For each compressor C(.) we define an associated vector space ℵ, such that C(.) maps an input string x, corresponding to the vector norm ||~x||. An exhaustive examination of the feature spaces underlying all compression algorithms is precluded by space; instead, feature vectors chooses to examine three representative lossless compression methods, LZW, LZ77, and PPM.
1128:
550:
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heterogeneity of the dataset by sorting SNPs by their minor allele frequency, thus homogenizing the dataset. Other algorithms developed in 2009 and 2013 (DNAZip and GenomeZip) have compression ratios of up to 1200-fold—allowing 6 billion basepair diploid human genomes to be stored in 2.5 megabytes (relative to a reference genome or averaged over many genomes). For a benchmark in genetics/genomics data compressors, see
936:, it is desirable to work from an unchanged original (uncompressed or losslessly compressed). Processing of a lossily compressed file for some purpose usually produces a final result inferior to the creation of the same compressed file from an uncompressed original. In addition to sound editing or mixing, lossless audio compression is often used for archival storage, or as master copies.
1081:
simply reduces the number of bits used to quantize the signal). Time domain algorithms such as LPC also often have low latencies, hence their popularity in speech coding for telephony. In algorithms such as MP3, however, a large number of samples have to be analyzed to implement a psychoacoustic model in the frequency domain, and latency is on the order of 23 ms.
1077:, of the data to optimize efficiency, and then code it in a manner that requires a larger segment of data at one time to decode. The inherent latency of the coding algorithm can be critical; for example, when there is a two-way transmission of data, such as with a telephone conversation, significant delays may seriously degrade the perceived quality.
217:
distinct representations that use an integer number of bits, and it clears out the internal memory only after encoding the entire string of data symbols. Arithmetic coding applies especially well to adaptive data compression tasks where the statistics vary and are context-dependent, as it can be easily coupled with an adaptive model of the
137:, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of color that do not change over several pixels; instead of coding "red pixel, red pixel, ..." the data may be encoded as "279 red pixels". This is a basic example of
1063:(LPC) used with speech, are source-based coders. LPC uses a model of the human vocal tract to analyze speech sounds and infer the parameters used by the model to produce them moment to moment. These changing parameters are transmitted or stored and used to drive another model in the decoder which reproduces the sound.
976:. Most lossy compression reduces redundancy by first identifying perceptually irrelevant sounds, that is, sounds that are very hard to hear. Typical examples include high frequencies or sounds that occur at the same time as louder sounds. Those irrelevant sounds are coded with decreased accuracy or not at all.
1518:
In an additional in-loop filtering stage various filters can be applied to the reconstructed image signal. By computing these filters also inside the encoding loop they can help compression because they can be applied to reference material before it gets used in the prediction process and they can be
1392:
that reduce aspects of the source data that are (more or less) irrelevant to the human visual perception by exploiting perceptual features of human vision. For example, small differences in color are more difficult to perceive than are changes in brightness. Compression algorithms can average a color
1716:
data and achieves over 20-fold compression (95% reduction in file size), providing 2- to 4-fold better compression and is less computationally intensive than the leading general-purpose compression utilities. For this, Chanda, Elhaik, and Bader introduced MAF-based encoding (MAFE), which reduces the
1711:
are the latest generation of lossless algorithms that compress data (typically sequences of nucleotides) using both conventional compression algorithms and genetic algorithms adapted to the specific datatype. In 2012, a team of scientists from Johns
Hopkins University published a genetic compression
1457:
to the reference frame. If the frame contains areas where nothing has moved, the system can simply issue a short command that copies that part of the previous frame into the next one. If sections of the frame move in a simple manner, the compressor can emit a (slightly longer) command that tells the
1092:
is an important category of audio data compression. The perceptual models used to estimate what aspects of speech a human ear can hear are generally somewhat different from those used for music. The range of frequencies needed to convey the sounds of a human voice is normally far narrower than that
1066:
Lossy formats are often used for the distribution of streaming audio or interactive communication (such as in cell phone networks). In such applications, the data must be decompressed as the data flows, rather than after the entire data stream has been transmitted. Not all audio codecs can be used
3164:
Basically, wavelet coding is a variant on DCT-based transform coding that reduces or eliminates some of its limitations. (...) Another advantage is that rather than working with 8 Ă— 8 blocks of pixels, as do JPEG and other block-based DCT techniques, wavelet coding can simultaneously compress the
1725:
It is estimated that the total amount of data that is stored on the world's storage devices could be further compressed with existing compression algorithms by a remaining average factor of 4.5:1. It is estimated that the combined technological capacity of the world to store information provides
75:. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by removing unnecessary or less important information. Typically, a device that performs data compression is referred to as an encoder, and one that performs the reversal of the process (decompression) as a decoder.
1080:
In contrast to the speed of compression, which is proportional to the number of operations required by the algorithm, here latency refers to the number of samples that must be analyzed before a block of audio is processed. In the minimum case, latency is zero samples (e.g., if the coder/decoder
216:
to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of input data symbols. It can achieve superior compression compared to other techniques such as the better-known
Huffman algorithm. It uses an internal memory state to avoid the need to perform a one-to-one mapping of individual input symbols to
456:, the best possible compression of x is the smallest possible software that generates x. For example, in that model, a zip file's compressed size includes both the zip file and the unzipping software, since you can not unzip it without both, but there may be an even smaller combined form.
437:
on the output distribution). Conversely, an optimal compressor can be used for prediction (by finding the symbol that compresses best, given the previous history). This equivalence has been used as a justification for using data compression as a benchmark for "general intelligence".
494:
Data compression aims to reduce the size of data files, enhancing storage efficiency and speeding up data transmission. K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, is employed to partition a dataset into a specified number of clusters, k, each represented by the
870:
Lossless audio compression produces a representation of digital data that can be decoded to an exact digital duplicate of the original. Compression ratios are around 50–60% of the original size, which is similar to those for generic lossless data compression. Lossless codecs use
960:
Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to standalone audio-only applications of file playback in MP3 players or computers, digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the
1273:), in February 1988. While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding.
168:, and hardware devices such as modems. LZ methods use a table-based compression model where table entries are substituted for repeated strings of data. For most LZ methods, this table is generated dynamically from earlier data in the input. The table itself is often
180:
of the same or closely related species, a huge versioned document collection, internet archival, etc. The basic task of grammar-based codes is constructing a context-free grammar deriving a single string. Other practical grammar compression algorithms include
3511:
987:
when a file is decompressed and recompressed. This makes lossy compression unsuitable for storing the intermediate results in professional audio engineering applications, such as sound editing and multitrack recording. However, lossy formats such as
638:
Since there is no separate source and target in data compression, one can consider data compression as data differencing with empty source data, the compressed file corresponding to a difference from nothing. This is the same as considering absolute
1262:. 35 years later, almost all the radio stations in the world were using this technology manufactured by a number of companies because the inventor refuses to get invention patents for his work. He prefers declaring it of Public Domain publishing it
798:
1380:
used in camcorders and video editing employ simpler compression that uses only intra-frame prediction. This simplifies video editing software, as it prevents a situation in which a compressed frame refers to data that the editor has deleted.
995:
Several proprietary lossy compression algorithms have been developed that provide higher quality audio performance by using a combination of lossless and lossy algorithms with adaptive bit rates and lower compression ratios. Examples include
1428:
is used in still-image coders and video coders without motion compensation. Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods.
507:, k-means clustering aids in data reduction by replacing groups of data points with their centroids, thereby preserving the core information of the original data while significantly decreasing the required storage space.
275:
between preserving information and reducing size. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the human eye is more sensitive to subtle variations in
270:
emerged. In the early 1990s, lossy compression methods began to be widely used. In these schemes, some loss of information is accepted as dropping nonessential detail can save storage space. There is a corresponding
280:
than it is to the variations in color. JPEG image compression works in part by rounding off nonessential bits of information. A number of popular compression formats exploit these perceptual differences, including
965:, satellite and cable radio, and increasingly in terrestrial radio broadcasts. Lossy compression typically achieves far greater compression than lossless compression, by discarding less-critical data based on
486:
can be utilized to compress data by grouping similar data points into clusters. This technique simplifies handling extensive datasets that lack predefined labels and finds widespread use in fields such as
1508:
data are transformed to the frequency domain. In the main lossy processing stage, frequency domain data gets quantized in order to reduce information that is irrelevant to human visual perception.
259:
711:(JPEG) in 1992. JPEG greatly reduces the amount of data required to represent an image at the cost of a relatively small reduction in image quality and has become the most widely used
2416:
CCITT Study Group VIII und die Joint
Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) von ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1/Subcommittee 29/Working Group 10 (1993), "Annex D – Arithmetic coding",
1254:. In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed
875:
or linear prediction as a basis for estimating the signal. Parameters describing the estimation and the difference between the estimation and the actual signal are coded separately.
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needed to perform the encoding and decoding. The design of data compression schemes involves balancing the degree of compression, the amount of distortion introduced (when using
2415:
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1361:). Similarities can be encoded by only storing differences between e.g. temporally adjacent frames (inter-frame coding) or spatially adjacent pixels (intra-frame coding).
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are very popular with end-users as the file size is reduced to 5-20% of the original size and a megabyte can store about a minute's worth of music at adequate quality.
308:
in 1973, before introducing it in
January 1974. DCT is the most widely used lossy compression method, and is used in multimedia formats for images (such as JPEG and
2904:
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The
Olympus WS-120 digital speech recorder, according to its manual, can store about 178 hours of speech-quality audio in .WMA format in 500 MB of flash memory.
262:
Composite image showing JPG and PNG image compression. Left side of the image is from a JPEG image, showing lossy artefacts; the right side is from a PNG image.
1328:
Most video codecs are used alongside audio compression techniques to store the separate but complementary data streams as one combined package using so-called
4156:. Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX. Vol. 9971. San Diego, California: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. pp. 99711B.
1541:
bandwidth compression scheme for the transmission of analog television signals. The DCT, which is fundamental to modern video compression, was introduced by
1490:
which was standardized in 1988 by the ITU-T. They mostly rely on the DCT, applied to rectangular blocks of neighboring pixels, and temporal prediction using
4023:
Proceedings of the
International Computer Conference 2006 on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing: Chongqing, China, 29-31 August 2006
917:
feature a combination of a lossy format and a lossless correction; this allows stripping the correction to easily obtain a lossy file. Such formats include
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may also be used to weigh the perceptual importance of components. Models of the human ear-brain combination incorporating such effects are often called
517:'s research with the Chinchilla 70B model. Developed by DeepMind, Chinchilla 70B effectively compressed data, outperforming conventional methods such as
3742:
Britanak, V. (2011). "On
Properties, Relations, and Simplified Implementation of Filter Banks in the Dolby Digital (Plus) AC-3 Audio Coding Standards".
2977:
1036:. Once transformed, component frequencies can be prioritized according to how audible they are. Audibility of spectral components is assessed using the
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86:, it is called source coding: encoding is done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted. Source coding should not be confused with
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Throwing away more of the data in the signal—keeping just enough to reconstruct an "intelligible" voice rather than the full frequency range of human
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Princen, J.; Johnson, A.; Bradley, A. (1987). "Subband/Transform coding using filter bank designs based on time domain aliasing cancellation".
2073:
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1243:, and AAC. MDCT was proposed by J. P. Princen, A. W. Johnson and A. B. Bradley in 1987, following earlier work by Princen and Bradley in 1986.
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is a variation on LZ optimized for decompression speed and compression ratio, but compression can be slow. In the mid-1980s, following work by
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needed for music, and the sound is normally less complex. As a result, speech can be encoded at high quality using a relatively low bit rate.
851:
The acceptable trade-off between loss of audio quality and transmission or storage size depends upon the application. For example, one 640 MB
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1405:, cost of processing the compression and decompression, and system requirements. Highly compressed video may present visible or distracting
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To determine what information in an audio signal is perceptually irrelevant, most lossy compression algorithms use transforms such as the
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of its points. This process condenses extensive datasets into a more compact set of representative points. Particularly beneficial in
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Video data may be represented as a series of still image frames. Such data usually contains abundant amounts of spatial and temporal
1295:
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1555:, which debuted in 1988, commercially introduced the prevalent basic architecture of video compression technology. It was the first
409:, who published fundamental papers on the topic in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Other topics associated with compression include
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1205:(APC), a perceptual coding algorithm that exploited the masking properties of the human ear, followed in the early 1980s with the
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and difference-coding techniques are applied that help decorrelate data and describe new data based on already transmitted data.
17:
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Mentzer, Fabian; Toderici, George; Tschannen, Michael; Agustsson, Eirikur (2020). "High-Fidelity
Generative Image Compression".
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across these similar areas in a manner similar to those used in JPEG image compression. As in all lossy compression, there is a
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of hardware digits in 2007, but when the corresponding content is optimally compressed, this only represents 295 exabytes of
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525:(FLAC) for audio. It achieved compression of image and audio data to 43.4% and 16.4% of their original sizes, respectively.
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of the input data. An early example of the use of arithmetic coding was in an optional (but not widely used) feature of the
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standard was introduced in 2000. In contrast to the DCT algorithm used by the original JPEG format, JPEG 2000 instead uses
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In lossy audio compression, methods of psychoacoustics are used to remove non-audible (or less audible) components of the
4149:
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2324:
3623:"A History of Realtime Digital Speech on Packet Networks: Part II of Linear Predictive Coding and the Internet Protocol"
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Cummiskey, P.; Jayant, Nikil S.; Flanagan, J. L. (1973). "Adaptive quantization in differential PCM coding of speech".
3180:
JPEG2000 Image
Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice: Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice
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to eliminate or reduce fidelity of less audible sounds, thereby reducing the space required to store or transmit them.
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Princen, J.; Bradley, A. (1986). "Analysis/Synthesis filter bank design based on time domain aliasing cancellation".
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is introduced by the methods used to encode and decode the data. Some codecs will analyze a longer segment, called a
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Cummiskey, P.; Jayant, N. S.; Flanagan, J. L. (1973). "Adaptive
Quantization in Differential PCM Coding of Speech".
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Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression and are used in numerous audio applications including
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during compression and decompression, but compresses stronger, especially on repeating patterns in files' content.
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Recommendation T.81: Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-tone Still images – Requirements and guidelines
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160:(LZW) algorithm rapidly became the method of choice for most general-purpose compression systems. LZW is used in
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In inter-frame coding, individual frames of a video sequence are compared from one frame to the next, and the
1373:, on the other hand, uses only data from within the current frame, effectively being still-image compression.
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can also be viewed as an indirect form of statistical modelling. In a further refinement of the direct use of
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715:. Its highly efficient DCT-based compression algorithm was largely responsible for the wide proliferation of
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Archive software typically has the ability to adjust the "dictionary size", where a larger size demands more
201:
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is distinguished as a separate discipline from general-purpose audio compression. Speech coding is used in
3359:"Subjective Evaluation of Music Compressed with the ACER Codec Compared to AAC, MP3, and Uncompressed PCM"
1299:
867:. A digital sound recorder can typically store around 200 hours of clearly intelligible speech in 640 MB.
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1044:—the phenomenon wherein a signal is masked by another signal separated by frequency—and, in some cases,
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3509:, C. Chapin Cutler, "Differential Quantization of Communication Signals", issued 1952-07-29
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Robinson, A. H.; Cherry, C. (1967). "Results of a prototype television bandwidth compression scheme".
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Thinkquest 2010: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Contours of Computing Technology
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1369:) (re)uses data from one or more earlier or later frames in a sequence to describe the current frame.
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2949:"T.81 – DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND CODING OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES – REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES"
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2514:"Measuring the Efficiency of the Intraday Forex Market with a Universal Data Compression Algorithm"
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212:. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a
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that blur out blocking artifacts from quantization discontinuities at transform block boundaries.
1346:. Video compression algorithms attempt to reduce redundancy and store information more compactly.
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1952:
Tank, M.K. (2011). "Implementation of Lempel-ZIV algorithm for lossless compression using VHDL".
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1424:(DWT), have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products.
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The earliest algorithms used in speech encoding (and audio data compression in general) were the
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like this can compress highly repetitive input extremely effectively, for instance, a biological
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1855:"Implementing a Novel Approach an Convert Audio Compression to Text Coding via Hybrid Technique"
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A literature compendium for a large variety of audio coding systems was published in the IEEE's
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4058:. Center for Signal and Information Processing, Georgia Institute of Technology. Archived from
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music, less than 2 hours of music compressed losslessly, or 7 hours of music compressed in the
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1896:"A New Lossless Method of Image Compression and Decompression Using Huffman Coding Techniques"
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Psychoacoustics recognizes that not all data in an audio stream can be perceived by the human
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The broad objective of source coding is to exploit or remove 'inefficient' redundancy in the
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374:, for example, audio compression is used for CD ripping and is decoded by the audio players.
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Acoustics, Information, and Communication: Memorial Volume in Honor of Manfred R. Schroeder
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algorithm that does not use a reference genome for compression. HAPZIPPER was tailored for
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1987:"Optimized RTL design and implementation of LZW algorithm for high bandwidth applications"
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of audio in an uncompressed format and several lossy formats. The lossy spectrograms show
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of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression (by using
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audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the
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An alternative view can show compression algorithms implicitly map strings into implicit
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109:), and the computational resources or time required to compress and decompress the data.
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2617:(2006). "Compression and Machine Learning: A New Perspective on Feature Space Vectors".
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formats, typically use motion-compensated DCT video coding (block motion compensation).
366:. Compression of human speech is often performed with even more specialized techniques;
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Many commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the
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148:(LZ) compression methods are among the most popular algorithms for lossless storage.
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ICASSP '87. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
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3265:"General characteristics and design considerations for temporal subband video coding"
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for its time. Perceptual coding is used by modern audio compression formats such as
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image coding standard. It has since been applied in various other designs including
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4521:"The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information"
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685:
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500:
463:, AIVC. Examples of software that can perform AI-powered image compression include
426:
293:
230:
134:
3964:
Dmitriy Vatolin; et al. (Graphics & Media Lab Video Group) (March 2007).
3861:"Ricardo Sametband, La NaciĂłn Newspaper "Historia de un pionero en audio digital""
3763:
1559:
based on DCT compression. H.261 was developed by a number of companies, including
1357:
exploit both spatial and temporal redundancy (e.g. through difference coding with
1258:
computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name
956:
of higher frequencies, a common technique associated with lossy audio compression.
475:'s Image Processing Toolbox (IPT) and High-Fidelity Generative Image Compression.
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2193:
2168:(December 2012). "Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard".
1961:
1811:
1779:
1638:. It was also developed by a number of companies, primarily Mitsubishi Electric,
1112:
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In the late 1980s, digital images became more common, and standards for lossless
177:
7030:
3811:
3122:
2921:
Pratt, W.K.; Kane, J.; Andrews, H.C. (1969). "Hadamard transform image coding".
2757:"AI language models can exceed PNG and FLAC in lossless compression, says study"
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703:(DCT), a technique developed in the early 1970s. DCT is the basis for JPEG, a
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3992:
Design of Digital Video Coding Systems: A Complete Compressed Domain Approach
3651:
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to reduce the amount of information used to represent the uncompressed data.
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3933:"Anuncio del Audicom, AES Journal, July-August 1992, Vol 40, # 7/8, pag 647"
3233:
2387:
1412:
Other methods other than the prevalent DCT-based transform formats, such as
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1005:
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When audio files are to be processed, either by further compression or for
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for a listing. Some formats are associated with a distinct system, such as
852:
453:
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286:
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2513:
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1986:
30:"Source coding" redirects here. For the term in computer programming, see
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7015:
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4355:
2807:. Practical Reusable Unix Software. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2511:
1653:
1652:
was developed in 2003 by a number of organizations, primarily Panasonic,
1450:
1438:
1362:
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This is accomplished, in general, by some combination of two approaches:
1029:
949:
788:
533:
513:(LLMs) are also capable of lossless data compression, as demonstrated by
153:
91:
56:
31:
4487:
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3400:
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for lossy compression. These areas of study were essentially created by
141:; there are many schemes to reduce file size by eliminating redundancy.
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3642:
2782:"RFC 3284: The VCDIFF Generic Differencing and Compression Data Format"
1564:
1511:
In the last stage statistical redundancy gets largely eliminated by an
1132:
918:
468:
63:
than the original representation. Any particular compression is either
3903:"Summary of some of Solidyne's contributions to Broadcast Engineering"
9203:
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8285:
8004:
7999:
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7900:
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6717:
6380:
6338:
4681:
Explanation of lossless signal compression method used by most codecs
4594:
Using 10-bit AVC/H.264 Encoding with 4:2:2 for Broadcast Contribution
3996:
3114:
2781:
1643:
1546:
1394:
1306:
lossy compression video has a compression factor between 20 and 200.
1232:
1198:
1140:
895:
756:
755:
in image compression, began after the development of DCT coding. The
741:, a lossless compression algorithm specified in 1996, is used in the
321:
305:
277:
272:
126:
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1984:
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source and thereby achieve a reduction in the overall source rate R.
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2690:
2573:"On the Use of Data Compression Measures to Analyze Robust Designs"
2364:
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1727:
1542:
1402:
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864:
810:
514:
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301:
101:
between the bytes needed to store or transmit information, and the
71:. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating
8901:
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8472:
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3714:
Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting Standards: Technology and Practice
2683:
1677:
1673:
1639:
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1131:
Solidyne 922: The world's first commercial audio bit compression
922:
903:
752:
738:
348:
186:
149:
5957:
1852:
1668:(CAVLC) algorithms. AVC is the main video encoding standard for
1100:
Only encoding sounds that could be made by a single human voice.
459:
Examples of AI-powered audio/video compression software include
9241:
8527:
8522:
8408:
8365:
8237:
8034:
8029:
8024:
7956:
7928:
7889:
7512:
6970:
6664:
6504:
6425:
6405:
6343:
6080:
6056:
6034:
6022:
6017:
5080:
4471:"A Survey on Data Compression Methods for Biological Sequences"
2982:
2019:
Document Management - Portable document format - Part 1: PDF1.7
1985:
Navqi, Saud; Naqvi, R.; Riaz, R.A.; Siddiqui, F. (April 2011).
1603:
1591:
1572:
1519:
guided using the original signal. The most popular example are
1255:
1048:—where a signal is masked by another signal separated by time.
907:
837:
472:
464:
333:
304:, who then developed a working algorithm with T. Natarajan and
4518:
2170:
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
2099:
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research
208:, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called
8492:
8477:
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8009:
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5520:
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5060:
3880:. Melville, NY: Acoustical Society of America. Archived from
3835:
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
3269:
2955:
1681:
1635:
1552:
1505:
1487:
1479:
1318:
1302:
codecs perform at a compression factor of 5 to 12, a typical
1239:(MDCT) used by modern audio compression formats such as MP3,
814:
226:
165:
4606:
Why does 10-bit save bandwidth (even when content is 8-bit)?
4196:"The History of Video File Formats Infographic — RealPlayer"
2731:"Differentially private clustering for large-scale datasets"
1853:
Mahdi, O.A.; Mohammed, M.A.; Mohamed, A.J. (November 2012).
82:
is often referred to as data compression. In the context of
8574:
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4899:
4120:
Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding
4092:
3744:
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
2884:"A method for the construction of minimum-redundancy codes"
2177:
1697:
1611:
1587:
1322:
997:
763:(DWT) algorithms. JPEG 2000 technology, which includes the
647:(corresponding to data differencing) with no initial data.
449:
317:
309:
234:
222:
4646:
EBU subjective listening tests on low-bitrate audio codecs
1610:, which was developed by a number of companies, primarily
878:
A number of lossless audio compression formats exist. See
8517:
8190:
8124:
7994:
7879:
7539:
7527:
7369:
7185:
7089:
6892:
6489:
6231:
6226:
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6216:
6211:
6206:
5045:
5011:
4469:
Hosseini, Morteza; Pratas, Diogo; Pinho, Armando (2016).
3472:
3210:"Mathematical properties of the JPEG2000 wavelet filters"
3074:"The GIF Controversy: A Software Developer's Perspective"
3024:
2612:
2021:(1st ed.). Adobe Systems Incorporated. July 1, 2008.
1903:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
1720:
1623:
1599:
1214:
1177:(LPC). Initial concepts for LPC date back to the work of
1032:
sampled waveforms into a transform domain, typically the
989:
860:
841:
734:
643:(corresponding to data compression) as a special case of
344:
325:
60:
3363:
International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting
3101:
DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3
3046:"What Is a JPEG? The Invisible Object You See Every Day"
2512:
Shmilovici A.; Kahiri Y.; Ben-Gal I.; Hauser S. (2009).
2367:; T. Natarajan; Kamisetty Ramamohan Rao (January 1974).
8607:
4340:"HapZipper: sharing HapMap populations just got easier"
3551:
3524:
1486:) share the same basic architecture that dates back to
1465:
688:
dates back to the late 1960s, with the introduction of
654:
is used to emphasize the data differencing connection.
2092:"An Improved Data Compression Method for General Data"
1816:(2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 34.
1700:
broadcasts over terrestrial and satellite television.
1494:, as well as nowadays also an in-loop filtering step.
4427:
3801:
3447:. Pune, Maharashtra: Nirali Prakashan. p. 3.41.
3329:
Understanding Digital Cinema: A Professional Handbook
2817:
2803:
Korn, D.G.; Vo, K.P. (1995). B. Krishnamurthy (ed.).
389:
The theoretical basis for compression is provided by
4210:"Patent statement declaration registered as H261-07"
3951:
A Brief guide to compress a file in 4 different ways
2878:
1893:
1515:
which often applies some form of arithmetic coding.
610:
Data compression can be viewed as a special case of
4653:(Guide for helping a user pick out the right codec)
4468:
4428:Pavlichin DS, Weissman T, Yona G (September 2013).
2208:"How to choose optimal archiving settings – WinRAR"
3674:"The Use of FFT and MDCT in MP3 Audio Compression"
3356:
2491:"Rationale for a Large Text Compression Benchmark"
2320:"How I Came Up With the Discrete Cosine Transform"
2247:
855:(CD) holds approximately one hour of uncompressed
359:. Lossy compression is extensively used in video.
4657:MPEG 1&2 video compression intro (pdf format)
4519:Hilbert, Martin; LĂłpez, Priscila (1 April 2011).
4337:
2505:
1309:The two key video compression techniques used in
676:originated in the 1940s with the introduction of
9313:
4421:
4386:
4150:"Patent landscape for royalty-free video coding"
3587:
3585:
3583:
3176:
3094:
2920:
2895:, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 1098–1101,
1862:International Journal of Computer Science Issues
1598:(MPEG) in 1991, and it was designed to compress
1537:In 1967, A.H. Robinson and C. Cherry proposed a
1384:Usually, video compression additionally employs
807:Audio compression formats compression algorithms
801:), has the potential to reduce the transmission
793:Audio data compression, not to be confused with
699:An important image compression technique is the
452:theory, a connection more directly explained in
4387:Christley S, Lu Y, Li C, Xie X (Jan 15, 2009).
3963:
3477:Three-Dimensional Model Analysis and Processing
3392:
2463:. University of Marne la Vallee. Archived from
1317:(MC). Most video coding standards, such as the
733:algorithm developed in 1984. It is used in the
4706:What is Run length Coding in video compression
4512:
4154:Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX
4080:
3832:
3383:
1622:. MPEG-2 became the standard video format for
1209:(CELP) algorithm which achieved a significant
1059:Other types of lossy compressors, such as the
192:The strongest modern lossless compressors use
8917:
8623:
7806:
7792:
5943:
4726:
3939:
3580:
3413:
2606:
1887:
343:, to increase storage capacities. Similarly,
292:Most forms of lossy compression are based on
4740:
4616:Which compression technology should be used?
4380:
4338:Chanda P, Bader JS, Elhaik E (27 Jul 2012).
2773:
1978:
1602:-quality video. It was succeeded in 1994 by
1474:Processing stages of a typical video encoder
614:. Data differencing consists of producing a
429:and compression. A system that predicts the
94:, the means for mapping data onto a signal.
4303:
4265:
4227:
4112:
4110:
3989:Chen, Jie; Koc, Ut-Va; Liu, KJ Ray (2001).
3776:
3770:
3357:Cunningham, Stuart; McGregor, Iain (2019).
3177:Taubman, David; Marcellin, Michael (2012).
2657:
2441:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1267:Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
578:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2127:
2072:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1929:A Concise Introduction to Data Compression
939:
817:. In both lossy and lossless compression,
4686:Videsignline – Intro to Video Compression
4544:
4486:
4445:
4404:
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4331:
4125:Institution of Engineering and Technology
3641:
3591:
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3113:
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2532:
2085:
2083:
1894:Pujar, J.H.; Kadlaskar, L.M. (May 2010).
1848:
1846:
1662:context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding
1660:. AVC commercially introduced the modern
598:Learn how and when to remove this message
4116:
4107:
4074:
3909:. Buenos Aires: Solidyne. Archived from
3895:
3741:
3262:
3207:
3038:
3012:
2914:
2823:"A Mathematical Theory of Communication"
2310:
2308:
2272:
2222:"(Set compression Method) switch – 7zip"
1469:
1155:(ADPCM) was introduced by P. Cummiskey,
1126:
943:
805:and storage requirements of audio data.
532:
300:(DCT). It was first proposed in 1972 by
257:
90:, for error detection and correction or
4462:
4181:
4141:
3957:
3874:Zwicker, Eberhard; et al. (1967).
3873:
3867:
3671:
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3433:
3298:The Essential Guide to Video Processing
3141:
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2872:
2811:
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2245:
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1666:context-adaptive variable-length coding
979:Due to the nature of lossy algorithms,
14:
9314:
4503:"Data Compression via Logic Synthesis"
4147:
3966:Lossless Video Codecs Comparison '2007
3473:Faxin Yu; Hao Luo; Zheming Lu (2010).
3325:
3108:. p. 1. sec. Abstract.
3015:"Copy protections could come to JPEGs"
2802:
2796:
2706:"What is Unsupervised Learning? | IBM"
2359:
2357:
2355:
2089:
2080:
1956:. Berlin: Springer. pp. 275–283.
1920:
1843:
1721:Outlook and currently unused potential
1139:Early audio research was conducted at
844:. These algorithms almost all rely on
97:Data Compression algorithms present a
78:The process of reducing the size of a
8905:
8611:
7780:
5931:
4714:
3719:Springer Science & Business Media
3294:
3263:Sullivan, Gary (8–12 December 2003).
3214:IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
3201:
3185:Springer Science & Business Media
3150:Springer Science & Business Media
2449:
2314:
2305:
1504:Then rectangular blocks of remaining
1432:
133:to represent data without losing any
4651:Audio Archiving Guide: Music Formats
4389:"Human genomes as email attachments"
4044:
3806:. Vol. 12. pp. 2161–2164.
3620:
3499:
3088:
2805:Vdelta: Differencing and Compression
2779:
2619:Data Compression Conference (DCC'06)
2409:
2278:
2154:
2136:"JPEG Image Compression FAQ, Part 1"
1951:
1809:
1466:Hybrid block-based transform formats
1235:in 1974, provided the basis for the
576:adding citations to reliable sources
543:
528:
425:There is a close connection between
4696:Data Footprint Reduction Technology
3971:(Report). Moscow State University.
3877:The Ear As A Communication Receiver
3710:
3704:
3398:
3145:Data Compression in Digital Systems
3013:Baraniuk, Chris (15 October 2015).
2941:
2780:Korn, D.; et al. (July 2002).
2488:
2352:
1945:
1803:
707:format which was introduced by the
420:
397:; domain-specific theories include
339:Lossy image compression is used in
24:
8931:
7741:Comparison of audio coding formats
4663: (archived September 28, 2007)
4628:Introduction to Compression Theory
4430:"The human genome contracts again"
4019:
4013:
3566:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1973.tb02007.x
3539:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1973.tb02007.x
2842:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
1533:Video coding format § History
1337:
1237:modified discrete cosine transform
1149:differential pulse-code modulation
1084:
1026:modified discrete cosine transform
821:is reduced, using methods such as
25:
9363:
4573:
3554:The Bell System Technical Journal
2978:"The JPEG image format explained"
2784:. Internet Engineering Task Force
2493:. Florida Institute of Technology
2455:
1785:Universal code (data compression)
1497:In the prediction stage, various
1019:
5907:
5906:
5897:
5896:
4672:Introduction to Data Compression
4178:Lecture recording, from 3:05:10.
3978:from the original on 2008-05-15.
3947:"File Compression Possibilities"
3791:from the original on 2017-02-13.
3661:from the original on 2010-07-04.
2580:IEEE Transactions on Reliability
2560:from the original on 2009-07-09.
2405:from the original on 2016-12-08.
2133:
2090:Mahmud, Salauddin (March 2012).
2007:from the original on 2013-05-20.
1916:from the original on 2010-05-24.
1378:intra-frame video coding formats
709:Joint Photographic Experts Group
548:
27:Compact encoding of digital data
4641:from the original on 2007-09-28
4495:
4291:from the original on 2019-07-06
4253:from the original on 2019-05-29
4202:
3982:
3925:
3853:
3826:
3795:
3777:Brandenburg, Karlheinz (1999).
3735:
3692:from the original on 2014-01-24
3614:
3545:
3518:
3350:
3319:
3288:
3256:
3170:
3006:
2970:
2910:from the original on 2005-10-08
2861:from the original on 2011-05-24
2748:
2723:
2698:
2677:
2660:"What Is AI Video Compression?"
2658:Gary Adcock (January 5, 2023).
2651:
2293:from the original on 2013-07-28
2214:
2200:
2112:from the original on 2013-11-02
2052:. Champaign, IL. p. 1069.
1875:from the original on 2013-03-20
1709:Genetics compression algorithms
1201:developed a form of LPC called
767:extension, was selected as the
395:Shannon's source coding theorem
99:space-time complexity trade-off
9090:Hidden file / Hidden directory
7303:ISO/IEC base media file format
4152:. In Tescher, Andrew G (ed.).
3592:Schroeder, Manfred R. (2014).
2851:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2
2821:(1948). Alcatel-Lucent (ed.).
2376:IEEE Transactions on Computers
2254:. Wolfram Media, Inc. p.
2039:
2011:
1630:. In 1999, it was followed by
1586:used for codecs have been the
1207:code-excited linear prediction
1187:Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
626:with patching reproducing the
399:algorithmic information theory
198:prediction by partial matching
13:
1:
9133:Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
4667:hydrogenaudio wiki comparison
4447:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt362
4406:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn582
4273:"MPEG-4 Visual - Patent List"
3672:Guckert, John (Spring 2012).
3527:Bell System Technical Journal
2990:. 31 May 2018. Archived from
2830:Bell System Technical Journal
2031:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1796:
1246:The world's first commercial
1189:) in 1966. During the 1970s,
1038:absolute threshold of hearing
692:(FFT) coding in 1968 and the
684:which was developed in 1950.
480:unsupervised machine learning
401:for lossless compression and
324:and HEVC) and audio (such as
4148:Reader, Cliff (2016-08-31).
3630:Found. Trends Signal Process
3481:. Berlin: Springer. p.
2755:Edwards, Benj (2023-09-28).
2346:10.1016/1051-2004(91)90086-Z
1962:10.1007/978-81-8489-989-4_51
1813:Signal coding and processing
1596:Motion Picture Experts Group
1526:
1067:for streaming applications.
737:format, introduced in 1987.
377:Lossy compression can cause
7:
9267:Comparison of file managers
9066:List of filename extensions
4581:"Part 3: Video compression"
4117:Ghanbari, Mohammed (2003).
3812:10.1109/ICASSP.1987.1169405
3326:Swartz, Charles S. (2005).
3208:Unser, M.; Blu, T. (2003).
2369:"Discrete Cosine Transform"
1737:
1703:
112:
55:is the process of encoding
10:
9368:
8314:
8136:
7746:Comparison of video codecs
6256:(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1)
5788:Compressed data structures
5627:
5284:
5110:RLE + BWT + MTF + Huffman
4778:Asymmetric numeral systems
4702: (archived 2013-05-27)
4692: (archived 2010-03-15)
4622: (archived 2017-08-30)
4612: (archived 2017-08-30)
3847:10.1109/TASSP.1986.1164954
3275:Video Coding Experts Group
2901:10.1109/JRPROC.1952.273898
2186:10.1109/TCSVT.2012.2221191
1775:Set redundancy compression
1755:Minimum description length
1530:
1442:
1436:
1422:discrete wavelet transform
1300:lossless video compression
1280:
1252:University of Buenos Aires
1203:adaptive predictive coding
1122:
782:
761:discrete wavelet transform
666:
540:of two revisions of a file
251:
116:
29:
9337:Film and video technology
9274:File system fragmentation
9234:
9191:
9158:
9098:
9031:
8939:
8645:
8587:
8545:
8460:
8437:
8384:
8341:
8332:
8313:
8251:
8154:
8135:
8117:
8056:
8047:
7970:
7919:
7835:
7815:
7759:
7733:
7578:
7552:
7406:
7383:
7355:
7332:
7267:
7258:
7173:
7054:
7043:
6835:
6787:
6764:
6736:
6678:
6640:
6555:
6454:
6443:
6271:
6240:
6191:
6153:
6101:
5984:
5973:
5892:
5876:
5860:
5778:
5703:
5635:
5626:
5549:
5483:
5474:
5375:
5292:
5283:
5199:
5147:Discrete cosine transform
5137:
5128:
5077:LZ77 + Huffman + context
5030:
4940:
4870:
4758:
4749:
4311:"AVC/H.264 – Patent List"
3907:Brief History of Solidyne
3756:10.1109/TASL.2010.2087755
3600:. Springer. p. 388.
3505:
2836:(3–4): 379–423, 623–656.
2543:10.1007/s10614-008-9153-3
2325:Digital Signal Processing
2246:Wolfram, Stephen (2002).
2046:Stephen, Wolfram (2002).
1351:video compression formats
1225:Discrete cosine transform
892:Meridian Lossless Packing
795:dynamic range compression
743:Portable Network Graphics
701:discrete cosine transform
523:Free Lossless Audio Codec
519:Portable Network Graphics
384:
298:discrete cosine transform
202:Burrows–Wheeler transform
164:images, programs such as
124:Lossless data compression
9078:Extended file attributes
8986:Proprietary file formats
8637:
5852:Smallest grammar problem
3621:Gray, Robert M. (2010).
2164:; J.-R. Ohm; W.-J. Han;
2142:. Independent JPEG Group
1365:compression (a temporal
1276:
1175:linear predictive coding
1061:linear predictive coding
921:(Scalable to Lossless),
778:
662:
652:differential compression
393:and, more specifically,
247:
219:probability distribution
9279:File-system permissions
7570:Alliance for Open Media
5793:Compressed suffix array
5342:Nyquist–Shannon theorem
4674:by Guy E Blelloch from
4597:, Ateme, archived from
4585:Data Compression Basics
4546:10.1126/science.1200970
4084:Proceedings of the IEEE
3779:"MP3 and AAC Explained"
3445:Audio-Video Engineering
3295:Bovik, Alan C. (2009).
3234:10.1109/TIP.2003.812329
2923:Proceedings of the IEEE
2521:Computational Economics
2388:10.1109/T-C.1974.223784
1927:Salomon, David (2008).
1688:, web software such as
1451:video compression codec
1050:Equal-loudness contours
985:digital generation loss
940:Lossy audio compression
880:list of lossless codecs
657:
431:posterior probabilities
206:probabilistic modelling
103:Computational resources
18:Lossy audio compression
9352:Utility software types
6490:MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)
4344:Nucleic Acids Research
4101:10.1109/PROC.1967.5493
4020:Li, Jian Ping (2006).
3443:Jaiswal, R.C. (2009).
2935:10.1109/PROC.1969.6869
2892:Proceedings of the IRE
2592:10.1109/TR.2005.853280
2458:"On image compression"
1584:video coding standards
1475:
1311:video coding standards
1136:
1040:and the principles of
957:
884:Direct Stream Transfer
819:information redundancy
690:fast Fourier transform
541:
403:rate–distortion theory
289:for images and video.
263:
131:statistical redundancy
107:lossy data compression
73:statistical redundancy
8533:Windows Media Encoder
8243:Windows Media Encoder
7865:GNOME Archive Manager
7508:QuickTime File Format
5822:Kolmogorov complexity
5690:Video characteristics
5067:LZ77 + Huffman + ANS
3711:Luo, Fa-Long (2008).
3507:US patent 2605361
3142:Hoffman, Roy (2012).
2819:Claude Elwood Shannon
2250:A New Kind of Science
2140:Internet FAQ Archives
1810:Wade, Graham (1994).
1750:Kolmogorov complexity
1694:Microsoft Silverlight
1654:Godo Kaisha IP Bridge
1628:SD digital television
1594:was developed by the
1473:
1443:Further information:
1294:requires a very high
1130:
1054:psychoacoustic models
947:
769:video coding standard
536:
521:(PNG) for images and
511:Large language models
443:feature space vectors
415:statistical inference
261:
9294:File synchronization
9143:Semantic file system
8966:List of file formats
8811:Protection (privacy)
7953:(decompression only)
7947:(decompression only)
7941:(decompression only)
7897:(decompression only)
7767:Compression software
7324:MPEG media transport
6401:Sorenson Video/Spark
5912:Compression software
5506:Compression artifact
5462:Psychoacoustic model
4235:"MPEG-2 Patent List"
3376:10.1155/2019/8265301
3334:Taylor & Francis
2880:David Albert Huffman
2735:blog.research.google
1931:. Berlin: Springer.
1248:broadcast automation
1227:(DCT), developed by
1195:Manfred R. Schroeder
1147:filed the patent on
1042:simultaneous masking
927:OptimFROG DualStream
731:lossless compression
572:improve this section
357:video coding formats
242:random-access memory
214:finite-state machine
119:Lossless compression
9123:Directory structure
8597:compression formats
8593:compression methods
8503:Schrödinger (Dirac)
7765:for techniques and
7763:Compression methods
6259:HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)
5902:Compression formats
5541:Texture compression
5536:Standard test image
5352:Silence compression
4537:2011Sci...332...60H
4488:10.3390/info7040056
4162:2016SPIE.9971E..1BR
3953:. 17 February 2017.
3594:"Bell Laboratories"
3226:2003ITIP...12.1080U
3054:. 24 September 2013
2712:. 23 September 2021
2627:10.1109/DCC.2006.13
2571:I. Ben-Gal (2008).
2338:1991DSP.....1....4A
2049:New Kind of Science
1868:(6, No. 3): 53–59.
1790:Vector quantization
1732:Shannon information
1620:Mitsubishi Electric
1557:video coding format
1545:, T. Natarajan and
1539:run-length encoding
1445:Motion compensation
1426:Wavelet compression
1414:fractal compression
1359:motion compensation
1315:motion compensation
1283:Video coding format
1231:, T. Natarajan and
1185:) and Shuzo Saito (
1169:was first used for
863:format at a medium
809:are implemented in
785:Audio coding format
749:Wavelet compression
678:Shannon–Fano coding
174:Grammar-based codes
139:run-length encoding
9332:Digital television
9061:Filename extension
8488:Helix DNA Producer
8186:Helix DNA Producer
8169:Fraunhofer FDK AAC
5810:Information theory
5665:Display resolution
5491:Chroma subsampling
4880:Byte pair encoding
4825:Shannon–Fano–Elias
4356:10.1093/nar/gks709
4170:10.1117/12.2239493
3682:University of Utah
3643:10.1561/2000000036
2882:(September 1952),
1690:Adobe Flash Player
1521:deblocking filters
1476:
1433:Inter-frame coding
1371:Intra-frame coding
1292:Uncompressed video
1173:compression, with
1143:. There, in 1950,
1137:
1028:(MDCT) to convert
958:
915:audio file formats
694:Hadamard transform
542:
484:k-means clustering
391:information theory
372:internet telephony
264:
237:for video coding.
53:bit-rate reduction
41:information theory
9342:Video compression
9309:
9308:
9301:File verification
9054:Filename mangling
8981:Open file formats
8899:
8898:
8891:Wrangling/munging
8741:Format management
8605:
8604:
8583:
8582:
8541:
8540:
8309:
8308:
8131:
8130:
8043:
8042:
7774:
7773:
7548:
7547:
7466:DivX Media Format
7254:
7253:
7039:
7038:
6439:
6438:
6329:Microsoft Video 1
6264:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)
6250:(GB/T 20090.2/16)
5925:
5924:
5774:
5773:
5724:Deblocking filter
5622:
5621:
5470:
5469:
5279:
5278:
5124:
5123:
3421:"Format overview"
3401:"FLAC Comparison"
3076:. 27 January 1995
2265:978-1-57955-008-0
1994:Electrical Review
1971:978-81-8489-988-7
1823:978-0-521-42336-6
1582:The most popular
1420:and the use of a
1386:lossy compression
1331:container formats
1211:compression ratio
1183:Nagoya University
1167:Perceptual coding
1161:James L. Flanagan
1151:(DPCM). In 1973,
831:linear prediction
799:these are related
713:image file format
705:lossy compression
669:Image compression
612:data differencing
608:
607:
600:
529:Data differencing
505:signal processing
489:image compression
435:arithmetic coding
296:, especially the
268:image compression
254:Lossy compression
210:arithmetic coding
84:data transmission
16:(Redirected from
9359:
9322:Data compression
9257:Data compression
9138:Grid file system
9116:Temporary folder
9106:Directory/folder
8926:
8919:
8912:
8903:
8902:
8632:
8625:
8618:
8609:
8608:
8339:
8338:
8330:
8329:
8326:
8152:
8151:
8148:
8054:
8053:
7945:StuffIt Expander
7833:
7832:
7829:
7808:Data compression
7801:
7794:
7787:
7778:
7777:
7540:VOB, IFO and BUP
7314:Motion JPEG 2000
7265:
7264:
7052:
7051:
7011:aptX Low Latency
6788:Chinese Standard
6452:
6451:
6241:Chinese Standard
6013:Motion JPEG 2000
5982:
5981:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5929:
5928:
5910:
5909:
5900:
5899:
5729:Lapped transform
5633:
5632:
5511:Image resolution
5496:Coding tree unit
5481:
5480:
5290:
5289:
5135:
5134:
4756:
4755:
4742:Data compression
4735:
4728:
4721:
4712:
4711:
4642:
4640:
4633:
4602:
4591:Pierre Larbier,
4587:
4567:
4566:
4548:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4449:
4440:(17): 2199–202.
4425:
4419:
4418:
4408:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4367:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4315:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4290:
4277:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4252:
4239:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4198:. 22 April 2012.
4192:
4179:
4177:
4172:. Archived from
4145:
4139:
4138:
4127:. pp. 1–2.
4114:
4105:
4104:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4028:World Scientific
4017:
4011:
4010:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3970:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3841:(5): 1153–1161.
3830:
3824:
3823:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3783:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3750:(5): 1231–1241.
3739:
3733:
3732:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3678:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3645:
3627:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3589:
3578:
3577:
3560:(7): 1105–1118.
3549:
3543:
3542:
3533:(7): 1105–1118.
3522:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3480:
3470:
3459:
3458:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3220:(9): 1080–1090.
3205:
3199:
3198:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3117:
3115:10.17487/RFC1951
3096:L. Peter Deutsch
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2994:on 5 August 2019
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2958:. September 1992
2953:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2888:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2853:
2827:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2615:Carla E. Brodley
2610:
2604:
2603:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2536:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2462:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:, pp. 54 ff
2424:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2373:
2361:
2350:
2349:
2318:(January 1991).
2312:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2285:
2281:"On Compression"
2279:Arcangel, Cory.
2276:
2270:
2269:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2224:. Archived from
2218:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2063:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1807:
1745:HTTP compression
1650:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
1460:variable bitrate
1418:matching pursuit
1388:techniques like
1313:are the DCT and
1179:Fumitada Itakura
1145:C. Chapin Cutler
1046:temporal masking
1034:frequency domain
765:Motion JPEG 2000
727:Lempel–Ziv–Welch
686:Transform coding
680:, the basis for
645:relative entropy
603:
596:
592:
589:
583:
552:
544:
427:machine learning
421:Machine learning
294:transform coding
231:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
196:models, such as
158:Lempel–Ziv–Welch
129:usually exploit
45:data compression
21:
9367:
9366:
9362:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9357:
9356:
9312:
9311:
9310:
9305:
9247:File comparison
9230:
9199:File descriptor
9187:
9154:
9094:
9027:
8971:File signatures
8935:
8930:
8900:
8895:
8871:Synchronization
8641:
8636:
8606:
8601:
8579:
8537:
8456:
8433:
8380:
8320:
8319:
8316:
8305:
8247:
8142:
8141:
8138:
8127:
8113:
8049:
8039:
8010:PKZIP/SecureZIP
7990:Archive Utility
7966:
7915:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7811:
7805:
7775:
7770:
7755:
7729:
7574:
7544:
7402:
7379:
7351:
7328:
7250:
7169:
7067:
7046:
7035:
6831:
6803:(GB/T 33475.3)
6797:(GB/T 20090.10)
6783:
6760:
6732:
6674:
6636:
6551:
6547:MPEG-H 3D Audio
6473:MPEG-1 Layer II
6463:
6446:
6435:
6267:
6236:
6187:
6149:
6097:
5993:
5976:
5969:
5956:
5926:
5921:
5888:
5872:
5856:
5837:Rate–distortion
5770:
5699:
5618:
5545:
5466:
5371:
5367:Sub-band coding
5275:
5200:Predictive type
5195:
5120:
5087:LZSS + Huffman
5037:LZ77 + Huffman
5026:
4936:
4872:Dictionary type
4866:
4768:Adaptive coding
4745:
4739:
4700:Wayback Machine
4690:Wayback Machine
4661:Wayback Machine
4638:
4631:
4625:
4620:Wayback Machine
4610:Wayback Machine
4579:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4531:(6025): 60–65.
4517:
4513:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4467:
4463:
4426:
4422:
4385:
4381:
4336:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4194:
4193:
4182:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4115:
4108:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4030:. p. 847.
4018:
4014:
4007:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3968:
3962:
3958:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3913:on 8 March 2013
3901:
3900:
3896:
3887:
3885:
3872:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3831:
3827:
3800:
3796:
3788:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3721:. p. 590.
3709:
3705:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3658:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3590:
3581:
3550:
3546:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3471:
3462:
3455:
3441:
3434:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3405:
3403:
3399:Coalson, Josh.
3397:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3336:. p. 147.
3324:
3320:
3313:
3305:. p. 355.
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3261:
3257:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3175:
3171:
3160:
3152:. p. 124.
3140:
3136:
3127:
3125:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2886:
2877:
2873:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2825:
2816:
2812:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2753:
2749:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2656:
2652:
2637:
2621:. p. 332.
2611:
2607:
2575:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2534:10.1.1.627.3751
2516:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2489:Mahoney, Matt.
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2456:Marak, Laszlo.
2454:
2450:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2313:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2132:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2004:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1844:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1780:Sub-band coding
1740:
1723:
1706:
1535:
1529:
1468:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1340:
1338:Encoding theory
1289:
1279:
1157:Nikil S. Jayant
1125:
1117:ÎĽ-law algorithm
1113:A-law algorithm
1090:Speech encoding
1087:
1085:Speech encoding
1022:
974:auditory system
969:optimizations.
942:
846:psychoacoustics
791:
781:
671:
665:
660:
604:
593:
587:
584:
569:
553:
531:
423:
387:
379:generation loss
353:streaming video
341:digital cameras
285:for sound, and
283:psychoacoustics
256:
250:
178:data collection
170:Huffman encoded
121:
115:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9365:
9355:
9354:
9349:
9347:Videotelephony
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9307:
9306:
9304:
9303:
9298:
9297:
9296:
9291:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9270:
9269:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9238:
9236:
9232:
9231:
9229:
9228:
9223:
9222:
9221:
9216:
9206:
9201:
9195:
9193:
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9188:
9186:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9164:
9162:
9156:
9155:
9153:
9152:
9147:
9146:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9125:
9120:
9119:
9118:
9113:
9102:
9100:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9081:
9080:
9073:File attribute
9070:
9069:
9068:
9058:
9057:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9035:
9033:
9029:
9028:
9026:
9025:
9023:Zero-byte file
9020:
9018:Temporary file
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8989:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8958:
8953:
8943:
8941:
8937:
8936:
8933:Computer files
8929:
8928:
8921:
8914:
8906:
8897:
8896:
8894:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8796:Pre-processing
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8732:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8635:
8634:
8627:
8620:
8612:
8603:
8602:
8600:
8599:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8581:
8580:
8578:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8551:
8549:
8543:
8542:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8464:
8462:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8454:
8449:
8443:
8441:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8390:
8388:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8347:
8345:
8336:
8327:
8311:
8310:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8276:Monkey's Audio
8273:
8268:
8263:
8257:
8255:
8249:
8248:
8246:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8204:
8203:
8198:
8188:
8183:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8174:Nero AAC Codec
8171:
8160:
8158:
8149:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8128:
8123:
8121:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8060:
8058:
8051:
8045:
8044:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7976:
7974:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7951:The Unarchiver
7948:
7942:
7936:
7931:
7925:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7841:
7839:
7830:
7813:
7812:
7804:
7803:
7796:
7789:
7781:
7772:
7771:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7753:
7751:List of codecs
7748:
7743:
7737:
7735:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7688:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7661:
7660:
7659:
7654:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7607:
7606:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7584:
7582:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7556:
7554:
7553:Collaborations
7550:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7504:
7503:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7403:
7401:
7400:
7395:
7389:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7361:
7359:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7321:
7319:MPEG-21 Part 9
7316:
7311:
7308:MPEG-4 Part 14
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7277:
7275:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7177:
7175:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7081:
7079:
7049:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6967:
6966:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6888:Monkey's Audio
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6828:(SJ/T 11299.4)
6823:
6818:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6798:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6770:
6768:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6742:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6684:
6682:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6646:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6572:
6561:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6492:
6487:
6485:MPEG-1 Layer I
6482:
6481:
6480:
6469:
6467:
6449:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6275:
6273:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6251:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6198:
6196:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6159:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6091:Part 2 / LCEVC
6088:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5979:
5971:
5970:
5955:
5954:
5947:
5940:
5932:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5904:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5818:
5817:
5807:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5784:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5639:
5637:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5296:
5294:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5271:Psychoacoustic
5268:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5143:
5141:
5139:Transform type
5132:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5117:
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4574:External links
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4434:Bioinformatics
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4393:Bioinformatics
4379:
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4180:
4176:on 2016-12-08.
4140:
4133:
4106:
4073:
4062:on 23 May 2013
4052:"Video Coding"
4043:
4036:
4012:
4005:
3999:. p. 71.
3981:
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3636:(4): 203–303.
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3303:Academic Press
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2586:(3): 381–388.
2563:
2527:(2): 131–154.
2504:
2481:
2470:on 28 May 2015
2448:
2408:
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2264:
2238:
2213:
2199:
2162:G. J. Sullivan
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2010:
2000:(4): 279–285.
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1696:, and various
1658:LG Electronics
1531:Main article:
1528:
1525:
1492:motion vectors
1467:
1464:
1437:Main article:
1434:
1431:
1367:delta encoding
1339:
1336:
1278:
1275:
1191:Bishnu S. Atal
1124:
1121:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1086:
1083:
1021:
1020:Coding methods
1018:
967:psychoacoustic
948:Comparison of
941:
938:
888:Super Audio CD
780:
777:
773:digital cinema
745:(PNG) format.
721:digital photos
717:digital images
682:Huffman coding
674:Entropy coding
667:Main article:
664:
661:
659:
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606:
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556:
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547:
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527:
422:
419:
407:Claude Shannon
386:
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252:Main article:
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117:Main article:
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88:channel coding
26:
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9226:Symbolic link
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8048:Non-archiving
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8015:PowerArchiver
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7837:Free software
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7085:CCITT Group 4
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7016:aptX Adaptive
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6766:Bluetooth SIG
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6512:MPEG Surround
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6062:Part 2 / HEVC
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6050:Part 33 / IVC
6048:
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6045:Part 10 / AVC
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5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5799:
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5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5696:
5695:Video quality
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
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5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5362:Speech coding
5360:
5358:
5357:Sound quality
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5332:Dynamic range
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
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5316:
5313:
5311:
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5133:
5131:
5127:
5115:
5112:
5111:
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5099:
5098:
5097:LZ77 + Range
5096:
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5079:
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4647:
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4637:
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4611:
4607:
4604:
4601:on 2009-09-05
4600:
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4578:
4577:
4564:
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4134:9780852967102
4130:
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4098:
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4037:9789812709998
4033:
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4006:9780203904183
4002:
3998:
3994:
3993:
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3974:
3967:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3934:
3928:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3884:on 2000-09-14
3883:
3879:
3878:
3870:
3863:(in Spanish).
3862:
3856:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
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3798:
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3728:9780387782638
3724:
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3675:
3668:
3657:
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3649:
3644:
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3631:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3607:9783319056609
3603:
3599:
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3563:
3559:
3555:
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3508:
3502:
3494:
3492:9783642126512
3488:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3456:
3454:9788190639675
3450:
3446:
3439:
3437:
3422:
3416:
3402:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3345:
3343:9780240806174
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3312:9780080922508
3308:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3291:
3276:
3272:
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3266:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3196:
3194:9781461507994
3190:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3166:
3165:entire image.
3161:
3159:9781461560319
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3124:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3097:
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3016:
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2799:
2783:
2776:
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2758:
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2736:
2732:
2726:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2636:0-7695-2545-8
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2492:
2485:
2466:
2459:
2452:
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2421:
2420:
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2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
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2370:
2366:
2360:
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2356:
2347:
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2335:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2242:
2228:on 2022-04-09
2227:
2223:
2217:
2209:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2180:: 1649–1668.
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2069:
2061:
2059:1-57955-008-8
2055:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1938:9781848000728
1934:
1930:
1923:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1839:
1837:
1825:
1819:
1815:
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1806:
1802:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Motion coding
1763:
1761:
1760:Modulo-N code
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1670:Blu-ray Discs
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1513:entropy coder
1509:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1499:deduplication
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:video quality
1396:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1241:Dolby Digital
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:speech coding
1168:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:Adaptive DPCM
1150:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
991:
986:
982:
981:audio quality
977:
975:
970:
968:
964:
955:
951:
946:
937:
935:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
873:curve fitting
868:
866:
862:
858:
857:high fidelity
854:
849:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
790:
786:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751:, the use of
750:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
655:
653:
648:
646:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
602:
599:
591:
581:
577:
573:
567:
566:
562:
557:This section
555:
551:
546:
545:
539:
535:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
506:
502:
498:
492:
490:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:NVIDIA Maxine
457:
455:
451:
448:According to
446:
444:
439:
436:
432:
428:
418:
416:
412:
411:coding theory
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
382:
380:
375:
373:
369:
368:speech coding
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
287:psychovisuals
284:
279:
274:
269:
260:
255:
245:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:probabilistic
190:
188:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
120:
110:
108:
104:
100:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:source coding
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
9289:File sharing
9262:File manager
9256:
9252:File copying
9099:Organisation
9044:8.3 filename
8998:Sidecar file
8976:Magic number
8801:Preservation
8791:Philanthropy
8684:
8655:Augmentation
8570:MSU Lossless
8414:Nero Digital
8361:Nero Digital
7875:KGB Archiver
7807:
7579:
6817:(GB/T 22726)
6478:Multichannel
6334:MSU Lossless
6248:AVS1 P2/AVS+
6202:TrueMotion S
6140:H.265 / HEVC
6086:Part 1 / EVC
6074:Part 3 / VVC
6040:Part 2 / ASP
5961:
5868:Hutter Prize
5832:Quantization
5737:Compensation
5531:Quantization
5254:Compensation
4820:Shannon–Fano
4760:Entropy type
4741:
4627:
4599:the original
4593:
4584:
4528:
4524:
4514:
4497:
4478:
4474:
4464:
4437:
4433:
4423:
4399:(2): 274–5.
4396:
4392:
4382:
4350:(20): e159.
4347:
4343:
4333:
4321:. Retrieved
4317:
4305:
4293:. Retrieved
4279:
4267:
4255:. Retrieved
4241:
4229:
4217:. Retrieved
4213:
4204:
4174:the original
4153:
4143:
4119:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4060:the original
4056:CSIP website
4055:
4046:
4022:
4015:
3991:
3984:
3959:
3950:
3941:
3927:
3915:. Retrieved
3911:the original
3906:
3897:
3886:. Retrieved
3882:the original
3876:
3869:
3855:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3803:
3797:
3772:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3713:
3706:
3694:. Retrieved
3680:
3667:
3633:
3629:
3616:
3597:
3557:
3553:
3547:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3501:
3476:
3444:
3424:. Retrieved
3415:
3404:. Retrieved
3394:
3385:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3328:
3321:
3297:
3290:
3280:13 September
3278:. Retrieved
3268:
3258:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3179:
3172:
3163:
3144:
3137:
3126:. Retrieved
3100:
3098:(May 1996).
3090:
3078:. Retrieved
3068:
3058:13 September
3056:. Retrieved
3051:The Atlantic
3049:
3040:
3030:13 September
3028:. Retrieved
3018:
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2992:the original
2981:
2972:
2960:. Retrieved
2943:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2890:
2874:
2863:. Retrieved
2833:
2829:
2813:
2804:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2775:
2764:. Retrieved
2761:Ars Technica
2760:
2750:
2739:. Retrieved
2737:. 2023-05-25
2734:
2725:
2714:. Retrieved
2709:
2700:
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2663:
2653:
2618:
2608:
2583:
2579:
2566:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2484:
2472:. Retrieved
2465:the original
2451:
2427:, retrieved
2418:
2411:
2382:(1): 90–93.
2379:
2375:
2329:
2323:
2316:Ahmed, Nasir
2295:. Retrieved
2274:
2249:
2241:
2230:. Retrieved
2226:the original
2216:
2202:
2173:
2169:
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2139:
2114:. Retrieved
2102:
2098:
2048:
2041:
2018:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1980:
1953:
1947:
1928:
1922:
1909:(1): 18–23.
1906:
1902:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1865:
1861:
1833:
1827:. Retrieved
1812:
1805:
1770:Range coding
1724:
1707:
1686:iTunes Store
1664:(CABAC) and
1648:
1581:
1551:
1536:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1477:
1453:records the
1448:
1411:
1390:quantization
1383:
1375:
1348:
1341:
1329:
1327:
1308:
1290:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1245:
1223:
1165:
1138:
1135:for PC, 1990
1110:
1095:
1088:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1023:
994:
978:
971:
959:
954:bandlimiting
950:spectrograms
931:
912:
900:Dolby TrueHD
877:
869:
853:compact disc
850:
835:
827:quantization
792:
747:
725:
698:
672:
651:
649:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
609:
594:
585:
570:Please help
558:
509:
493:
477:
458:
454:Hutter Prize
447:
440:
424:
388:
376:
364:audio signal
361:
338:
291:
265:
239:
191:
143:
122:
96:
77:
59:using fewer
52:
48:
44:
38:
36:
9128:File system
9013:System file
9003:Sparse file
8961:File format
8947:Binary file
8861:Stewardship
8751:Integration
8700:Degradation
8685:Compression
8665:Archaeology
8650:Acquisition
8317:compression
8139:compression
8050:compressors
7821:compression
7535:MOD and TOD
7476:Flash Video
7414:3GP and 3G2
7095:HEIC / HEIF
7047:compression
6807:Audio Vivid
6542:MPEG-D USAC
6537:MPEG-4 CELP
6532:MPEG-4 HVXC
6447:compression
6279:Apple Video
6195:and AOMedia
6145:H.266 / VVC
6135:H.264 / AVC
5977:compression
5962:compression
5827:Prefix code
5680:Frame types
5501:Color space
5327:Convolution
5057:LZ77 + ANS
4968:Incremental
4941:Other types
4860:Levenshtein
4475:Information
4095:: 356–364.
2710:www.ibm.com
2613:D. Scully;
2365:Nasir Ahmed
2134:Lane, Tom.
1590:standards.
1543:Nasir Ahmed
1455:differences
1439:Inter frame
1363:Inter-frame
1298:. Although
1287:Video codec
1229:Nasir Ahmed
1030:time domain
789:Audio codec
729:(LZW) is a
636:difference.
302:Nasir Ahmed
154:Terry Welch
135:information
92:line coding
57:information
32:Source code
9316:Categories
9235:Management
9160:Operations
9111:NTFS links
9032:Properties
8881:Validation
8816:Publishing
8806:Processing
8776:Management
8690:Corruption
8680:Collection
8591:See also:
8498:libavcodec
8343:MPEG-4 ASP
8323:comparison
8271:libavcodec
8213:libavcodec
8145:comparison
7972:Commercial
7826:comparison
7769:for codecs
7716:Daubechies
7691:Transforms
7593:Arithmetic
7260:Containers
6965:True Audio
6809:(GY/T 363)
6527:MPEG-4 DST
6522:MPEG-4 SLS
6517:MPEG-4 ALS
6391:SheerVideo
6365:QuickTime
6193:TrueMotion
5959:Multimedia
5884:Mark Adler
5842:Redundancy
5759:Daubechies
5742:Estimation
5675:Frame rate
5597:Daubechies
5557:Chain code
5516:Macroblock
5322:Companding
5259:Estimation
5179:Daubechies
4885:Lempel–Ziv
4845:Exp-Golomb
4773:Arithmetic
3888:2011-11-11
3426:2020-08-23
3406:2020-08-23
3128:2014-04-23
2865:2019-04-21
2766:2024-03-07
2741:2024-03-16
2716:2024-02-05
2691:2006.09965
2664:massive.io
2429:2009-11-07
2332:(1): 4–5.
2232:2021-11-07
2166:T. Wiegand
1829:2011-12-22
1797:References
1565:PictureTel
1344:redundancy
1281:See also:
1133:sound card
983:suffers a
919:MPEG-4 SLS
894:, used in
886:, used in
829:, DCT and
783:See also:
616:difference
538:Comparison
469:TensorFlow
355:use lossy
146:Lempel–Ziv
127:algorithms
9204:Hard link
9085:File size
9008:Swap file
8956:Data file
8951:text file
8886:Warehouse
8851:Scrubbing
8831:Retention
8826:Reduction
8781:Migration
8756:Integrity
8724:Transform
8675:Cleansing
8523:libtheora
8424:QuickTime
8286:OptimFROG
8238:libvorbis
8005:MacBinary
8000:BetterZip
7962:ZipGenius
7901:Xarchiver
7817:Archivers
7518:RealMedia
7120:JPEG 2000
6923:RealAudio
6903:OptimFROG
6381:RealVideo
6369:Animation
6339:OMS Video
5966:container
5861:Community
5685:Interlace
5071:Zstandard
4850:Fibonacci
4840:Universal
4798:Canonical
4634:, Wiley,
4563:206531385
4481:(4): 56.
3997:CRC Press
3652:1932-8346
3574:0005-8580
2929:: 58–68.
2529:CiteSeerX
2396:149806273
2068:cite book
2027:cite book
1644:Panasonic
1549:in 1974.
1547:K. R. Rao
1407:artifacts
1395:trade-off
1296:data rate
1233:K. R. Rao
1199:Bell Labs
1141:Bell Labs
896:DVD-Audio
813:as audio
803:bandwidth
775:in 2004.
757:JPEG 2000
696:in 1969.
650:The term
588:July 2024
559:does not
316:(such as
306:K. R. Rao
278:luminance
273:trade-off
80:data file
9209:Shortcut
9039:Filename
8993:Metafile
8856:Security
8846:Scraping
8821:Recovery
8695:Curation
8660:Analysis
8565:Lagarith
8547:Lossless
8513:Sorenson
8468:CineForm
8419:OpenH264
8399:Blu-code
8253:Lossless
8233:Musepack
8228:libspeex
8119:For code
8104:XZ Utils
8069:compress
7921:Freeware
7870:Info-ZIP
7855:Expander
7810:software
7637:Lossless
7603:Modified
7496:Matroska
7375:Matroska
7286:MPEG-PES
6898:Musepack
6795:AVS1 P10
6374:Graphics
6324:Lagarith
5847:Symmetry
5815:Timeline
5798:FM-index
5643:Bit rate
5636:Concepts
5484:Concepts
5347:Sampling
5300:Bit rate
5293:Concepts
4995:Sequitur
4830:Tunstall
4803:Modified
4793:Adaptive
4751:Lossless
4636:archived
4555:21310967
4456:23793748
4415:18996942
4374:22844100
4286:Archived
4248:Archived
3973:Archived
3820:58446992
3786:Archived
3687:Archived
3656:Archived
3369:: 1–16.
3242:18237979
3020:BBC News
2998:5 August
2988:BT Group
2905:archived
2856:Archived
2645:12311412
2555:Archived
2551:17234503
2437:citation
2400:Archived
2288:Archived
2107:Archived
2105:(3): 2.
2002:Archived
1911:Archived
1870:Archived
1738:See also
1728:exabytes
1704:Genetics
1403:bit rate
1397:between
1115:and the
963:Internet
865:bit rate
811:software
753:wavelets
630:given a
618:given a
515:DeepMind
497:centroid
183:Sequitur
113:Lossless
69:lossless
9192:Linking
8866:Storage
8841:Science
8836:Quality
8766:Lineage
8761:Library
8736:Farming
8719:Extract
8705:Editing
8560:Huffyuv
8473:Cinepak
8394:CoreAVC
8296:WavPack
8291:Shorten
8223:libopus
8218:libcelt
8208:TooLAME
8057:Generic
8020:StuffIt
7860:FreeArc
7711:Wavelet
7652:DEFLATE
7598:Huffman
7588:Entropy
7580:Methods
7565:MPEG LA
7454:Smacker
7342:H.222.0
7298:MPEG-TS
7293:MPEG-PS
7281:MPEG-ES
7165:TIFF/IT
7160:TIFF/EP
7145:JPEG XT
7140:JPEG XS
7135:JPEG XR
7130:JPEG XL
7125:JPEG-LS
7006:aptX HD
6986:WavPack
6928:RTAudio
6868:Codec 2
6801:AVS2 P3
6728:GSM-EFR
6698:AMR-WB+
6632:G.729.1
6612:G.723.1
6602:G.722.2
6597:G.722.1
6396:Smacker
6386:RTVideo
6314:Huffyuv
6294:Cinepak
6254:AVS2 P2
5968:formats
5805:Entropy
5754:Wavelet
5733:Motion
5592:Wavelet
5572:Fractal
5567:Deflate
5550:Methods
5337:Latency
5250:Motion
5174:Wavelet
5091:LHA/LZH
5041:Deflate
4990:Re-Pair
4985:Grammar
4815:Shannon
4788:Huffman
4744:methods
4698:at the
4688:at the
4659:at the
4618:at the
4608:at the
4533:Bibcode
4525:Science
4365:3488212
4318:MPEG LA
4281:MPEG LA
4243:MPEG LA
4219:11 July
4158:Bibcode
4066:6 March
3917:6 March
3696:14 July
3250:2765169
3222:Bibcode
2962:12 July
2788:5 March
2669:6 April
2600:9376086
2497:5 March
2474:6 March
2334:Bibcode
2297:6 March
2146:6 March
2116:6 March
1879:6 March
1678:Netflix
1674:YouTube
1640:Hitachi
1616:Thomson
1577:Toshiba
1561:Hitachi
1527:History
1260:Audicom
1123:History
1105:hearing
1071:Latency
934:editing
923:WavPack
904:Blu-ray
739:DEFLATE
641:entropy
624:target,
580:removed
565:sources
349:Blu-ray
187:Re-Pair
150:DEFLATE
9242:Backup
9219:Shadow
8786:Mining
8746:Fusion
8528:libvpx
8461:Others
8409:FFmpeg
8366:FFmpeg
8281:mp4als
8099:Snappy
8035:WinZip
8030:WinRAR
8025:WinAce
7957:TUGZip
7929:Filzip
7890:PeaZip
7513:RatDVD
7407:Others
7174:Others
6976:VMR-WB
6971:TwinVQ
6836:Others
6723:GSM-FR
6718:GSM-HR
6708:EVRC-B
6693:AMR-WB
6665:Vorbis
6505:AAC-LD
6500:HE-AAC
6406:Theora
6349:ProRes
6344:Pixlet
6272:Others
6081:MPEG-5
6069:MPEG-I
6057:MPEG-H
6035:MPEG-4
6028:Part 2
6023:MPEG-2
6018:MPEG-1
5916:codecs
5877:People
5780:Theory
5747:Vector
5264:Vector
5081:Brotli
5031:Hybrid
4930:Snappy
4783:Golomb
4561:
4553:
4454:
4413:
4372:
4362:
4323:6 July
4295:6 July
4257:7 July
4131:
4034:
4003:
3818:
3764:897622
3762:
3725:
3650:
3604:
3572:
3513:
3489:
3451:
3340:
3309:
3248:
3240:
3191:
3156:
3080:26 May
2983:BT.com
2643:
2633:
2598:
2549:
2531:
2394:
2262:
2192:
2176:(12).
2056:
1968:
1935:
1820:
1726:1,300
1714:HapMap
1684:, and
1632:MPEG-4
1604:MPEG-2
1592:MPEG-1
1355:codecs
1256:IBM PC
925:, and
908:HD DVD
838:Vorbis
823:coding
815:codecs
634:and a
632:source
628:target
622:and a
620:source
473:MATLAB
465:OpenCV
385:Theory
334:Vorbis
200:. The
156:, the
9214:Alias
9183:Write
9173:Close
8940:Types
8493:Indeo
8483:DNxHD
8478:Daala
8386:H.264
8334:Lossy
8315:Video
8196:l3enc
8156:Lossy
8137:Audio
8064:bzip2
7985:ALZip
7939:Lhasa
7906:Zipeg
7845:7-Zip
7734:Lists
7679:ADPCM
7674:µ-law
7669:A-law
7642:Lossy
7615:ACELP
7560:NETVC
7385:SMPTE
7347:T.802
7334:ITU-T
7310:(MP4)
7110:JBIG2
7073:ITU-T
7045:Image
6981:VSELP
6958:SVOPC
6948:Siren
6918:RCELP
6913:QCELP
6858:ATRAC
6843:ACELP
6660:Speex
6627:G.729
6622:G.728
6617:G.726
6607:G.723
6592:G.722
6587:G.719
6582:G.718
6575:µ-law
6570:A-law
6565:G.711
6557:ITU-T
6445:Audio
6319:Indeo
6299:Daala
6155:SMPTE
6130:H.263
6125:H.262
6120:H.261
6115:H.120
6103:ITU-T
6008:MJPEG
5975:Video
5707:parts
5705:Codec
5670:Frame
5628:Video
5612:SPIHT
5521:Pixel
5476:Image
5430:ACELP
5401:ADPCM
5391:ÎĽ-law
5386:A-law
5379:parts
5377:Codec
5285:Audio
5224:ACELP
5212:ADPCM
5189:SPIHT
5130:Lossy
5114:bzip2
5105:LZHAM
5061:LZFSE
4963:Delta
4855:Gamma
4835:Unary
4810:Range
4639:(PDF)
4632:(PDF)
4559:S2CID
4506:(PDF)
4314:(PDF)
4289:(PDF)
4276:(PDF)
4251:(PDF)
4238:(PDF)
4091:(3).
3976:(PDF)
3969:(PDF)
3816:S2CID
3789:(PDF)
3782:(PDF)
3760:S2CID
3690:(PDF)
3677:(PDF)
3659:(PDF)
3626:(PDF)
3270:ITU-T
3246:S2CID
2956:CCITT
2952:(PDF)
2908:(PDF)
2887:(PDF)
2859:(PDF)
2826:(PDF)
2686:arXiv
2641:S2CID
2596:S2CID
2576:(PDF)
2558:(PDF)
2547:S2CID
2517:(PDF)
2468:(PDF)
2461:(PDF)
2423:(PDF)
2403:(PDF)
2392:S2CID
2372:(PDF)
2291:(PDF)
2284:(PDF)
2194:64404
2190:S2CID
2110:(PDF)
2095:(PDF)
2005:(PDF)
1990:(PDF)
1914:(PDF)
1899:(PDF)
1873:(PDF)
1858:(PDF)
1682:Vimeo
1636:H.263
1608:H.262
1553:H.261
1506:pixel
1488:H.261
1480:ITU-T
1349:Most
1319:H.26x
1304:H.264
1277:Video
1075:frame
913:Some
779:Audio
663:Image
501:image
314:video
248:Lossy
227:H.263
166:PKZIP
65:lossy
51:, or
9178:Read
9168:Open
9150:Path
8876:Type
8771:Loss
8729:Load
8639:Data
8595:and
8575:YULS
8555:FFV1
8452:x265
8447:DivX
8439:HEVC
8429:x264
8404:DivX
8376:Xvid
8371:HDX4
8356:DivX
8351:3ivx
8301:L2HC
8266:FLAC
8261:ALAC
8201:LAME
8179:FAAC
8109:zstd
8094:rzip
8089:pack
8084:lzop
8079:lzip
8074:gzip
7911:ZPAQ
7819:with
7761:See
7706:MDCT
7684:DPCM
7630:WLPC
7620:CELP
7523:RIFF
7501:WebM
7491:M2TS
7481:HEIF
7449:Bink
7429:AIFF
7357:IETF
7246:WebP
7241:WBMP
7236:QTVR
7216:ICER
7211:FLIF
7201:DjVu
7191:AVIF
7181:APNG
7155:TIFF
7115:JPEG
7105:JBIG
7100:HEVC
7077:JPEG
7064:IETF
7031:LLAC
7026:LHDC
7021:LDAC
7001:aptX
6962:TTA
6943:SILK
6883:MELP
6878:Lyra
6873:iSAC
6863:CELT
6853:Asao
6848:ALAC
6826:ExAC
6821:L2HC
6751:AC-4
6746:AC-3
6738:ETSI
6703:EVRC
6680:3GPP
6670:FLAC
6655:iLBC
6650:Opus
6642:IETF
6465:MPEG
6431:YULS
6411:Thor
6359:4444
6309:FFV1
6289:Bink
6183:VC-6
6178:VC-5
6173:VC-3
6168:VC-2
6163:VC-1
6107:VCEG
5995:MPEG
5964:and
5719:DPCM
5526:PSNR
5457:MDCT
5450:WLPC
5435:CELP
5396:DPCM
5244:WLPC
5229:CELP
5207:DPCM
5157:MDCT
5101:LZMA
5002:LDCT
4980:DPCM
4925:LZWL
4915:LZSS
4910:LZRW
4900:LZJB
4551:PMID
4452:PMID
4411:PMID
4370:PMID
4325:2019
4297:2019
4259:2019
4221:2019
4129:ISBN
4093:IEEE
4068:2013
4032:ISBN
4001:ISBN
3919:2013
3723:ISBN
3698:2019
3648:ISSN
3602:ISBN
3570:ISSN
3487:ISBN
3449:ISBN
3367:2019
3338:ISBN
3307:ISBN
3282:2019
3238:PMID
3189:ISBN
3154:ISBN
3123:1951
3106:IETF
3082:2015
3060:2019
3032:2019
3000:2019
2964:2019
2790:2013
2671:2023
2631:ISBN
2499:2013
2476:2013
2443:link
2380:C-23
2299:2013
2260:ISBN
2256:1069
2178:IEEE
2148:2013
2118:2013
2074:link
2054:ISBN
2033:link
1998:2011
1966:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1881:2013
1818:ISBN
1698:HDTV
1692:and
1656:and
1642:and
1626:and
1618:and
1612:Sony
1588:MPEG
1575:and
1401:and
1376:The
1353:and
1323:MPEG
1321:and
1285:and
1271:JSAC
1217:and
1193:and
1159:and
1014:SCL6
1012:and
1006:LHDC
1002:LDAC
998:aptX
906:and
890:and
840:and
787:and
771:for
719:and
658:Uses
563:any
561:cite
503:and
450:AIXI
413:and
351:and
345:DVDs
332:and
318:MPEG
310:HEIF
235:HEVC
233:and
223:JPEG
185:and
144:The
61:bits
8714:ELT
8710:ETL
8670:Big
8518:VP7
8508:SBC
8191:MP3
8164:AAC
8125:UPX
7995:ARJ
7980:ARC
7934:LHA
7895:XAD
7885:pax
7880:PAQ
7850:Ark
7721:DWT
7701:FFT
7696:DCT
7664:PCM
7657:LZW
7625:LSP
7610:LPC
7528:WAV
7486:IFF
7471:EVO
7461:BMP
7444:BPG
7434:AVI
7424:ASF
7419:AMV
7398:MXF
7393:GXF
7370:Ogg
7365:RTP
7273:IEC
7269:ISO
7231:QOI
7226:PGF
7221:MNG
7206:EXR
7196:BPG
7186:AV1
7150:PNG
7090:GIF
7069:W3C
7060:ISO
7056:IEC
6996:MQA
6991:WMA
6953:SMV
6938:SHN
6933:SD2
6908:OSQ
6893:MT9
6815:DRA
6779:LC3
6774:SBC
6756:DTS
6713:EVS
6688:AMR
6495:AAC
6460:IEC
6456:ISO
6426:XEB
6421:WMV
6354:422
6304:DVI
6284:AVS
6232:AV1
6227:VP9
6222:VP8
6217:VP7
6212:VP6
6207:VP3
5990:IEC
5986:ISO
5764:DWT
5714:DCT
5658:VBR
5653:CBR
5648:ABR
5607:EZW
5602:DWT
5587:RLE
5577:KLT
5562:DCT
5445:LSP
5440:LAR
5425:LPC
5418:FFT
5315:VBR
5310:CBR
5305:ABR
5239:LSP
5234:LAR
5219:LPC
5184:DWT
5169:FFT
5164:DST
5152:DCT
5051:LZS
5046:LZX
5022:RLE
5017:PPM
5012:PAQ
5007:MTF
4975:DMC
4953:CTW
4948:BWT
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