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223:("Ducal/Royal porcelain factory Ludwigsburg"). It had never been profitable, and later dukes lost interest and resented the expense until it was closed in 1824, after attempts to find a buyer had failed. The moulds, recipes, and books were archived when the manufactory closed. The period was a difficult one financially for many German factories.
349:
After months of searching, a buyer for the manufactory was found in Lucas A.G., a Swiss holding firm with
Russian investors. Now called Schlossmanufaktur Ludwigsburg GmbH, the manufacturing of contemporary porcelain at Ludwigsburg Palace resumed and the lease on space in the palace was extended to 31
210:
Although the porcelain manufactory was not profitable and relied on
Charles Eugene's patronage, by the early 1760s it produced a large variety of high quality porcelain wares based on the duke's tastes. Most of the dancer figurines were modelled by Joseph Nees, from 1760 to 1763, and are notable for
341:
for preserving the tradition of porcelain-making in the city. The establishment of an advisory and quality control board in the next year reaffirmed that commitment for reproductions and new wares. Like other porcelain factories, the manufactory was a subsidizing company whose losses were borne by
64:
styles, already somewhat past their most fashionable. Figures were a relatively large proportion of production compared to other German factories, and included series of court ballet dancers, peasants, and musicians. There were some (more than usually) miniature groups on bases, with figures some
255:
The first marking stamped onto
Ludwigsburg porcelain consisted of two intersecting Cs topped with a crown, possibly inspiring the nickname "Kronenburg", though sometimes the crown did not appear above the letters. From 1758 to 1770, Ludwigsburg porcelain was marked with a crown and the letters
336:
until 1948, in
Ludwigsburg. The venture was an immediate success, as Wanner-Brandt's use of the original moulds and glaze compositions allowed patrons to order exact recreations of Ludwigsburg porcelains. The manufactory moved to Ludwigsburg Palace in 1967, and in 1994 was recognized by the
369:
303:
allowed the company's operations, despite the questionable legality of its marks, and by 1913 it had 200 employees. In 1917, the company went public and filed for permission to use the royal manufactory's marks. This was granted in 1918 on the condition that the
55:. After a first two decades that were artistically, but not financially, successful, the factory went into a slow decline and was closed in 1824. Much later a series of other companies used the Ludwigsburg name, but the last production was in 2010.
397:
876:
324:
in the
Ludwigsburg district courts on 13 June 1919. In the final ruling, on 12 December 1919, Alt-Ludwigsburg was forced to adopt new markings and became a court-managed company that, in 1921, was entrusted with producing
72:
811:
211:
their capturing the movement of a dance. Its most successful period was between about 1764 and 1775, having its best success in
Holland. By the 1790s the factory was seriously in decline. After the dukes became
843:
177:. Ludwigsburg was a poor site for a porcelain manufactory, as it was not located near abundant woodland or clay deposits. Transportation of materials was difficult and therefore expensive. From 1751 on,
96:, then out of favour in Paris. One of Noverre's innovations was using lighter costumes allowing the dancer to move freely, shown in some of the figure groups, as the one illustrated here, but not all.
385:
350:
December 2015. However, the business was not a success, and the last production was in 2010, when an expensive problem with the kiln developed. CEO Maxim Gennel confirmed that the company filed for
80:
The original manufactory became famous for its figurines, which are interesting because they very likely were modelled directly on the costumes used in the court ballet, another enthusiasm of Duke
332:
In 1926, Otto Wanner-Brandt desired to recreate the successes of the original porcelain manufactory. He purchased the manufactory's trademark rights for 50 years, but was unable to found the
192:, who had worked at Vienna, Höchst, Strasbourg, Frankenthal, and Nymphenburg, to direct Ludwigsburg's porcelain factory. Within months, Ringler was in charge of 35 employees. Among them was
866:
65:
three inches high, including ones showing the annual "Venetian fair" held at the court, and some groups satirizing court fashions. Beyer produced more monumental figures in an early
128:
312:. However, the company's chief decorator wanted to use the royal manufactory's markings with no alteration, and left the company over the issue. In February 1919, he formed the
803:
409:
451:
193:
685:
833:
248:
describes
Ludwigsburg porcelain as resisting sudden change in temperature and fire, but that the glazing and desired white color of the product was inferior to
182:
1950:
1282:
260:
also appeared rarely. Every piece of
Ludwigsburg porcelain made from 1948 to 2009 has a "Decorator Signature" in addition to standard manufactory markings.
1960:
329:. Alt-Ludwigsburg then ran into financial troubles and was dissolved in 1927, while the WPM was successful for a time before also being dissolved in 1934.
58:
A similar range of wares was made to other German factories. Tableware was most often painted with
European flowers, and Ludwigsburg made little in
1965:
1540:
549:
342:
its shareholders. In 2002, those shareholders subsidized €2 million. However, it ran into financial trouble, and in 2004 was taken over by
1442:
1427:
1290:
299:, became the first successor to the palace manufactory under the mark of a crown and the words "Alt-Ludwigsburg". The government of the
115:
Until the 18th century, porcelain had to be imported into Europe from East Asia and was thus rare on the continent. The first
European
346:. When EganaGoldpfeil went bankrupt, the manufactory also filed for bankruptcy in the Ludwigsburg district courts on 29 August 2008.
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The 18th-century factory mark was two "C"s interlocked in blue, with one reversed, with or without a ducal coronet above.
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also attempted to make porcelain at Ludwigsburg but was unsuccessful. Then in January 1759, he hired
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Jans, Hans-Peter (9 February 2009). "Von Matroschkas aus Porzellan und reichen Goldverzierungen".
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233:, 5 inches high, c. 1770. One of the men inspects the top of the coiffure through a telescope.
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Part of a service with the Martinelli-Giovanelli arms, by Gottlieb Friedrich Riedel, 1762–1763
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The Ludwigsburg body was much "greyer and smokier in tone" than other German factories. The
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Three dancers, c. 1763, in the lighter ballet costumes pioneered by the ballet master
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in 1755. France and England at the same time saw the foundations of the workshops at
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in March 2014, but was then confident that the company would survive. A lawyer in
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726:"Insolvenz angemeldet. Schwere Zeiten für Porzellan-Manufaktur Ludwigsburg GmbH"
391:
Venetian fair shop, "Marchand de Mode", with two figures, c. 1665, 6 inches high
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The largest and best collection is in the palace where it was made, in the
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The Jack and Belle Linsky Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
751:
Hahn, Wilfried (30 August 2008). "Niemand will die Manufaktur haben".
1207:
1201:
1129:
355:
203:, a modeller who had worked at Meissen, Frankenthal, and Höchst, and
85:
32:
1624:
1352:
1195:
768:
Haasis, Kathrin (27 April 2013). "Schlossmanufaktur zahlt nicht".
1720:
1684:
1189:
326:
415:"The Large Bow", c. 1770, attributed to Riedel, 4.5 inches high
1098:
1042:
A History of Pottery & Porcelain, Mediæval & Modern
207:, better known for his later work as a sculptor in Vienna.
293:
Württembergische Porzellanmanufaktur Bauer & Pfeiffer
221:
Herzoglich-Königliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Ludwigsburg
219:
in 1805, the official name of the factory changed to
1053:
European Porcelain in The Metropolitan Museum of Art
486:
484:
84:. Between 1760 and 1766 he had managed to entice to
906:
481:
1937:
1286:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi
544:
542:
1049:
51:. It operated from the grounds of the Baroque
1114:
1050:Munger, Jeffrey; Sullivan, Elizabeth (2018).
539:
1951:1758 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
962:
955:Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain
804:"Ende der Porzellanmanufaktur ist besiegelt"
658:(in German). Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten
1961:Manufacturing companies established in 1758
909:Sotheby's Concise Encyclopedia of Porcelain
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490:Marshall, Ludwigsburg (01); Battie, p. 100
931:The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts
715:Marshall, Schorndorf and Ludwigsburg (02)
706:Marshall, Schorndorf and Ludwigsburg (02)
457:Form of the factory mark used in 2006 by
403:Tankard with Hunting Scenes, c. 1759-1775
314:Porzellan-Manufaktur Alt-Ludwigsburg GmbH
948:
934:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
927:
626:
493:
320:itself. Alt-Ludwigsburg was sued by the
278:
225:
106:
71:
15:
1038:
684:(in German). Landesmuseum Württemberg.
594:
511:
1938:
1453:Chinese porcelain in European painting
901:
864:
801:
767:
535:this figure pair shows the older style
308:would add its initials (WPM) to avoid
1161:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
1102:
834:"Die Schlossmanufaktur ist insolvent"
564:Battie, pp. 88–100, 106–109, 118, 121
334:Porzellan-Manufaktur Ludwigsburg GmbH
285:Porzellan-Manufaktur Ludwigsburg GmbH
69:style, including a set of musicians.
1966:German companies established in 1758
1021:
1004:
987:
784:
750:
322:Württembergische Porzellanmanufaktur
306:Württembergische Porzellanmanufaktur
49:Herzoglich-ächte Porcelaine-Fabrique
867:"Der Stand des Insolvenzverfahrens"
533:Le Corbelier, p. 290; for example,
175:Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg
169:Attempts at producing porcelain in
47:, on 5 April 1758 by decree as the
13:
1817:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
1289:
1281:
274:
111:Turk on a rhinoceros, c. 1755–1760
14:
1977:
1262:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
1076:
963:Le Corbelier, Clare, ed. (1984).
802:Lorenz, Hilke (29 October 2015).
623:Marryat, p. 349; Chaffers, p. 186
573:Munger & Sullivan, pp. 125–26
550:An example without coronet, from
37:Ludwigsburg Porcelain Manufactory
1876:Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics
1294:Meissen hard porcelain vase 1735
450:
435:
420:
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396:
384:
368:
879:from the original on 2016-03-24
858:
846:from the original on 2018-08-28
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814:from the original on 2017-12-10
795:
778:
761:
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718:
709:
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688:from the original on 2018-06-12
670:
644:
617:
608:
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459:Porzellanmanufaktur Ludwigsburg
339:Württembergische Hypothekenbank
256:"T.R.", though the arms of the
173:had been made since 1724 under
865:Lorenz, Hilke (9 March 2016).
576:
567:
558:
527:
472:
1:
1882:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
1827:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
1128:
894:
591:Munger & Sullivan, p. 126
582:Munger & Sullivan, p. 125
1864:Dresden Porcelain Collection
1086:National Gallery of Victoria
1009:. Porcelain Marks & More
992:. Porcelain Marks & More
842:(in German). 25 March 2014.
237:
129:Höchst Porcelain Manufactory
7:
732:(in German). 30 August 2008
10:
1982:
1906:Victoria and Albert Museum
1058:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1026:. Porcelain Marks and More
971:Metropolitan Museum of Art
788:Ludwigsburger Kreiszeitung
754:Ludwigsburger Kreiszeitung
641:Marshall, Ludwigsburg (01)
361:
271:, which has 2,000 pieces.
215:on the dissolution of the
102:
1912:Museum of Royal Worcester
1888:Musée des Arts Décoratifs
1853:Percival David Foundation
1847:British Museum (London):
1840:
1804:
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1321:Japanese export porcelain
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1022:Marshall, Christopher S.
1005:Marshall, Christopher S.
988:Marshall, Christopher S.
928:Campbell, Gordon (2006).
682:landesmuseum-stuttgart.de
445:, modelled by Beyer, 1774
194:Gottlieb Friedrich Riedel
164:Chelsea porcelain factory
1822:Johann Friedrich Böttger
1156:Chinese export porcelain
1094:Art Institute of Chicago
1039:Marryat, Joseph (1868).
774:(in German). p. 24.
466:
269:Landesmuseum Württemberg
119:factory was that making
757:(in German). p. 7.
375:"Two Hunters" group by
245:Encyclopédie Méthodique
123:from 1710, followed by
1295:
1287:
656:schloss-ludwigsburg.de
301:Kingdom of Württemberg
288:
234:
162:in 1738, and London's
150:in 1751, and then the
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25:
1293:
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250:Frankenthal porcelain
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110:
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29:Ludwigsburg porcelain
19:
1956:Duchy of Württemberg
1858:The David Collection
1781:Overglaze decoration
1771:Hard-paste porcelain
1766:Soft-paste porcelain
730:Bietigheimer Zeitung
478:Le Corbelier, p. 290
377:Johann Wilhelm Beyer
295:, though located in
258:Duchy of Württemberg
213:Kings of Württemberg
205:Johann Wilhelm Beyer
183:Joseph Jakob Ringler
117:hard-paste porcelain
94:Jean-Georges Noverre
22:Jean-Georges Noverre
1715:Bing & Grøndahl
1679:Dihl & Guérhard
1577:Villeroy & Boch
872:Stuttgarter Zeitung
839:Stuttgarter Zeitung
808:Stuttgarter Zeitung
771:Stuttgarter Zeitung
652:"Das Keramikmuseum"
152:Frankenthal factory
45:Duke of Württemberg
1924:Ludwigsburg Palace
1918:Walters Art Museum
1316:Japanese porcelain
1296:
1288:
1186:(16th century BCE)
1007:"Ludwigsburg (02)"
990:"Ludwigsburg (01)"
913:. Conran Octopus.
289:
267:, a branch of the
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113:
92:and ballet master
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53:Ludwigsburg Palace
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1832:Dmitry Vinogradov
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1727:Wagner & Apel
1443:List of companies
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1371:
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1234:(14th century on)
1228:(14th century on)
1222:(11th century on)
1151:Chinese porcelain
950:Chaffers, William
430:by Beyer, c. 1770
217:Holy Roman Empire
121:Meissen porcelain
1973:
1946:German porcelain
1541:Saint Petersburg
1448:French porcelain
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1390:Korean porcelain
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125:Vienna porcelain
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1849:Asia Department
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287:"Poppy" pattern
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88:the innovative
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1226:Blue and white
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160:Sèvres factory
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82:Charles Eugene
41:Charles Eugene
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1184:Proto-celadon
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903:Battie, David
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265:Keramikmuseum
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127:in 1718, the
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90:choreographer
87:
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34:
30:
23:
18:
1860:(Copenhagen)
1796:Factory mark
1759:Technologies
1667:Clignancourt
1606:
1052:
1041:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:"Schorndorf"
1011:. Retrieved
994:. Retrieved
965:
954:
930:
908:
881:. Retrieved
870:
860:
848:. Retrieved
837:
828:
816:. Retrieved
807:
797:
791:(in German).
786:
780:
769:
763:
752:
746:
734:. Retrieved
729:
720:
711:
702:
690:. Retrieved
681:
672:
660:. Retrieved
655:
646:
619:
610:
587:
578:
569:
560:
552:The Coiffure
551:
529:
474:
458:
442:
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348:
338:
333:
331:
321:
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305:
292:
290:
284:
264:
262:
254:
243:
241:
231:The Coiffure
230:
220:
209:
168:
114:
98:
79:
67:Neoclassical
59:
57:
48:
36:
35:made at the
28:
27:
1920:(Baltimore)
1914:(Worcester)
1841:Collections
1607:Ludwigsburg
1589:Frankenthal
1565:Nymphenburg
1559:Fürstenberg
1535:Capodimonte
1487:Saint-Cloud
443:Fisherwoman
318:Ludwigsburg
310:passing off
197: [
186: [
171:Ludwigsburg
144:Nymphenburg
140:Fürstenberg
132: [
61:chinoiserie
39:founded by
1940:Categories
1902:(Istanbul)
1776:Bone china
1661:Copenhagen
1655:Loosdrecht
1637:Wallendorf
1220:Jingdezhen
1045:. Maurray.
980:0870993704
958:. J. Davy.
920:1850292515
895:References
818:9 December
352:bankruptcy
297:Schorndorf
1896:(Beijing)
1872:(Toronto)
1866:(Dresden)
1739:Porsgrund
1733:Rosenthal
1673:Hollóháza
1583:Worcester
1523:Vincennes
1511:Chantilly
1505:Rörstrand
1348:Nabeshima
1130:Porcelain
1030:29 August
1013:29 August
996:27 August
850:27 August
736:27 August
692:24 August
662:24 August
379:, c. 1763
356:Stuttgart
238:Porcelain
166:in 1743.
156:Chantilly
146:in 1747,
138:in 1746,
86:Stuttgart
33:porcelain
1908:(London)
1878:(Moscow)
1812:Chinamen
1745:Augarten
1625:Wedgwood
1571:Plymouth
1436:General:
1383:General:
1353:Kakiemon
1309:General:
1144:General:
952:(1863).
905:(1990).
883:19 March
877:Archived
844:Archived
812:Archived
686:Archived
1890:(Paris)
1884:(Paris)
1791:Biscuit
1721:Zsolnay
1697:Doulton
1685:Mintons
1649:Limoges
1547:Mennecy
1529:Chelsea
1493:Meissen
1214:Qingbai
1190:Celadon
362:Gallery
327:Notgeld
283:Modern
103:History
1805:People
1747:(1923)
1741:(1885)
1735:(1879)
1729:(1877)
1723:(1853)
1717:(1853)
1711:(1826)
1709:Herend
1705:(1822)
1703:Lichte
1699:(1815)
1693:(1814)
1687:(1793)
1681:(1781)
1675:(1777)
1669:(1775)
1663:(1775)
1657:(1774)
1651:(1771)
1645:(1768)
1639:(1764)
1633:(1763)
1631:Berlin
1627:(1759)
1621:(1760)
1619:Retiro
1615:(1759)
1609:(1758)
1603:(1757)
1597:(1756)
1595:Sèvres
1591:(1755)
1585:(1751)
1579:(1748)
1573:(1748)
1567:(1747)
1561:(1747)
1555:(1747)
1549:(1745)
1543:(1744)
1537:(1743)
1531:(1743)
1525:(1740)
1519:(1735)
1517:Doccia
1513:(1730)
1507:(1726)
1501:(1718)
1499:Vienna
1495:(1710)
1489:(1693)
1483:(1673)
1477:(1575)
1475:Medici
1468:Types:
1428:Europe
1413:Joseon
1407:Goryeo
1400:Types:
1363:Hirado
1358:Kutani
1331:Types:
1268:Canton
1256:Kangxi
1250:Tianqi
1244:Swatow
1177:Types:
1168:(1338)
1064:
977:
938:
917:
148:Berlin
1643:Revol
1613:Weesp
1601:Derby
1481:Rouen
1376:Korea
1343:Imari
1338:Arita
1302:Japan
1238:Kraak
1137:China
467:Notes
428:Truth
201:]
190:]
136:]
1208:Ding
1202:Xing
1062:ISBN
1032:2018
1015:2018
998:2018
975:ISBN
936:ISBN
915:ISBN
885:2016
852:2018
820:2017
738:2018
694:2018
664:2018
142:and
1553:Bow
1196:Yue
316:in
31:is
1942::
1851:/
1060:.
1056:.
973:.
969:.
869:.
836:.
806:.
728:.
680:.
654:.
628:^
596:^
541:^
513:^
495:^
483:^
252:.
199:de
188:de
134:de
43:,
1122:e
1115:t
1108:v
1070:.
1034:.
1017:.
1000:.
983:.
944:.
923:.
887:.
854:.
822:.
740:.
696:.
666:.
555:.
461:.
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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