2430:
761:
275:
2422:
27:
470:
2114:
678:("skilled in all arts"), which has led to the widespread identification of Caesar's Mercury as Lug. There are frequent (over 400) inscriptions referencing Gaullish Mercury from the subsequent Roman Gaul and Britain. The blanket identification of Lug with Mercury may go too far; Jan de Vries demonstrates the unreliability of any one-to-one correspondence in the
1147:
Lugus, like Odin, was king of the gods in the Celtic pantheon, was accompanied by crows and ravens, carried a spear, and closed one eye to do his magic (Odin offered his eye); like the Great Zeus in Hesiod's
Theogony, he led the Tuatha Dé Danann gods in victory over the Fomorian giants. Lugh's birth
1176:
In The Baile in Scail ("The God's
Prophecy") Lugh is seen as a sacred solar king and king of the otherworld, associated with Rosmerta, who is herself a kind of personification of Ireland, sometimes known as "the Sovranty of Ireland." Lugh followed Nuada as king of the gods in Ireland, and was with
738:("great provider"), who bears the libation with which kingship was conferred (in Roman mythology). Unlike the Roman Mercury, who is typically a youth, Gaulish Mercury is occasionally also represented as an old man. It has also been speculated that the Irish
1998:
Olivares Pedreño, Juan Carlos (2010). "Los Ástures del conventus lucensis y el culto al dios Lug en el noroeste de
Hispania" [The Astures del conventus Lucensis and the cult of the god Lug in the North West of Hispania].
780:(Distance) is often mentioned, along with his brothers Cú (Hound) and Cethen (meaning unknown), who nonetheless have no stories of their own. Several characters called
2146:
258:
behind this theonym; it is likely, given its presumed antiquity, that it is an unmotivated idionym (or that it has become so), possibly subject to various '
1339:
2429:
2048:
Raydon, Valéry (2016). "Le cró Logo "enclos de Lug" (Cath Maige Tuired, § 69)" [The cró Logo “Lug’s pen” (Cath Maige Tuired, § 69)].
674:" was most revered: patron of trade and commerce, protector of travellers, and inventor of all the arts. The Irish god Lug bore the epithet
81:, who is widely believed to have been identified with him, and from the quasi-mythological narratives involving his later cognates, Welsh
1497:
494:
ENI OROSEI VTA TICINO TIATVNEI TRECAIAS TO LVGVEI ARAIANOM COMEIMV ENI OROSEI EQVEISVIQVE OGRIS OLOCAS TOGIAS SISTAT LVGVEI TIASO TOGIAS
1561:
1420:
1615:
2139:
776:, which may explain the plural dedications. In some Irish versions of the story, Lug was born as one of triplets, and his father
1766:
2132:
634:, which has been tentatively interpreted by some scholars as "I prepare them for Lug", though it may also mean "I swear (
1722:
1956:
Gricourt, Daniel; Dominique, Hollard (1997). "Le dieu celtique Lugus sur des monnaies gallo-romaines du IIIe siècle".
1923:
1744:
1700:
915:) as the capital of Roman Gaul in 18 BC, he held the ceremony on 1 August (also the date of Augustus' victory over
1575:
881:
image of a noble sovereign spreading his power far and wide (cf. "the long arm of the law"). His festival, called
814:(who however makes no mention of Lug); and that pre-Proto-Germanic tribes in contact with the Celts (possibly the
65:. His name is rarely directly attested in inscriptions, but his importance can be inferred from place names and
1557:
1416:
1169:
179:
1891:"Cib. to Luguei 'hacia Lugus' Frente a Luguei 'para Lugus': Sintaxis Y Divinidades En Peñalba De Villastar"
1885:
1776:
Simón, Francisco (2005). "Religion and
Religious Practices of the Ancient Celts of the Iberian Peninsula".
1611:
1493:
920:
195:
1827:, Vol XIII: Inscriptiones trium Galliarum et Germaniarum Latinae; Vol II: Inscriptiones Hispaniae Latinae.
518:, on the capital of a Corinthian column, and dative plural in a well-known Latin inscription from Uxama (
2421:
2094:
726:
was made by a shoemakers' guild; Lug's Welsh counterpart Lleu (or Llew) Llaw Gyffes is described in the
2946:
2916:
1890:
486:
1930:
1332:
846:
503:" ("to/for Lug" with the theonym in the dative singular) clearly indicates a dedication to the god.
2789:
1371:
García Alonso, Juan Luis (2001). "The Place Names of
Ancient Hispania and its Linguistic Layers".
2396:
781:
1931:"Remarks on the Morphology, Phonology and Orthography of Hisp.-Celt. LVGVEI and Related Matters"
784:, a popular medieval Irish name thought to derive from Lug, also exhibit triplism: for example,
623:, perhaps indicating this deity's particular importance and popularity among the Iberian Celts.
2941:
2906:
2118:
943:
811:
788:("of the Red Stripes") and Lugaid mac Trí Con ("Son of Three Hounds") both have three fathers.
506:
Additionally, the name is attested several times in the plural, for example: nominative plural
154:
2931:
1357:
Abad, Rubén Abad. (2008). "La divinidad celeste/solar en el panteón céltico peninsular". In:
1049:
144:
1591:
2921:
2901:
2743:
1693:
Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
947:
878:
772:
Gaulish
Mercury is associated with triplism: sometimes he has three faces, sometimes three
760:
730:
as one of the "three golden shoemakers of the island of
Britain". He is often armed with a
665:
482:
137:
873:"of the venomous eye". He was the paradigm of holy or priestly kingship, and his epithet
533:"Lucius Licinius Urcico dedicated this, sacred to the Lugoves, to the guild of shoemakers"
230:('to shine'), but most modern scholars rule this out, notably because Proto-Indo-European
8:
2936:
2336:
2236:
1135:
984:
889:
671:
537:
This shows Lug being worshiped by shoemakers in Spain, parallel to his Welsh counterpart
304:
78:
35:
2911:
2781:
2035:
1320:
1732:
1668:
1131:
850:
791:
2926:
2837:
2829:
2306:
2082:
2030:
Raydon, Valéry (2015). "Lugnez: Un 'Lugdunum' Oublié Dans Le Jura
Tabulaire Suisse".
1919:
1873:
1785:
1762:
1740:
1718:
1696:
1631:
1472:
1165:
1113:
785:
620:
1907:
274:
2763:
2753:
2559:
2441:
2376:
2171:
2155:
2057:
2016:
2008:
1986:
1965:
1942:
1903:
1688:
1084:
1079:
969:
826:
651:
259:
251:
82:
70:
46:
31:
1947:
1865:
1754:
1579:
959:
904:
660:
474:
356:
62:
2665:
2592:
2296:
1074:
565:
54:
627:
2895:
2086:
1877:
1789:
1606:
901:
719:
646:
594:
Lucubo
Arquienob(o) C(aius) Iulius Hispanus v(otum) l(ibens) s(olvit) m(erito
2061:
1713:(2017). "Some epigraphic comparanda bearing on the 'pan-Celtic god' Lugus".
1643:
Peter
Buchholz, "Perspectives for Historical Research in Germanic Religion"
73:. His nature and attributes are deduced from the distinctive iconography of
2635:
2474:
2206:
1710:
1476:
1054:
931:, were supposed to enclose the graves of agricultural fertility goddesses.
897:
795:
727:
707:
582:
401:, meaning 'Lug's possession', can be compared with the Greek personal name
151:
130:
2124:
2012:
1990:
1969:
2880:
2870:
2723:
2620:
2577:
2519:
2351:
2341:
1308:
1069:
691:
515:
255:
74:
20:
2039:
2021:
359:, Spain) may be derived from the theonym Lug, though perhaps from Latin
26:
2847:
2804:
2771:
2718:
2683:
2640:
2582:
2572:
2454:
1572:
1306:
882:
842:
740:
339:
820:
619:
The majority of the known inscriptions dedicated to Lug come from the
2857:
2842:
2748:
2655:
2645:
2630:
2539:
2494:
2479:
2469:
2449:
2406:
2321:
2271:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2175:
1659:
2001. Celtic Heroes, Changelings', and the Mothers. (37), pp.93-116.
1120:(The Gallic Gods According to the Figurative Monuments), Paris, 1910.
1014:
994:
935:
916:
715:
450:
403:
316:
115:
548:
The plural form of the theonym is also found in Latin inscriptions:
527:
Lugovibus sacrum L. L(icinius) Urcico collegio sutorum d(onum) d(at)
2819:
2814:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2678:
2615:
2610:
2489:
2464:
2411:
2401:
2386:
2381:
2366:
2261:
2226:
2196:
2101:. Madrid, Ministerio de Educación Nacional, 1981. pp. 279–282.
1977:
Gricourt, Daniel; Dominique, Hollard (2002). "Lugus et le cheval".
1089:
939:
908:
803:
764:
Altar depicting a tricephalic god identified as Lug, discovered in
735:
711:
602:
542:
511:
458:
344:
288:
66:
934:
The Celtic Lugh and Lleu Llaw Gyffes may also have influenced the
606:
469:
2799:
2794:
2738:
2698:
2673:
2650:
2625:
2605:
2567:
2549:
2544:
2524:
2459:
2391:
2331:
2316:
2301:
2286:
2241:
2221:
2201:
2191:
1481:
An Tríbhís Mhór: The IMBAS Journal of Celtic Reconstructionism #1
1044:
1029:
1024:
1009:
928:
862:
807:
773:
752:), and notably leprechauns were often represented as shoemakers.
722:. A widespread attribute is shoes: one of the dedications to the
703:
367:
333:
222:('to swear an oath'). It was once thought to be derived from PIE
1281:
H. Wagner, Studies in the Origins of early Celtic Civilisation,
2865:
2713:
2688:
2600:
2529:
2514:
2509:
2371:
2361:
2356:
2346:
2276:
2266:
2113:
1918:(Oxford Paperback Reference), Oxford University Press, (1994):
1849:
Recueil des Inscriptions Gauloises , Tome 1: Textes gallo-grecs
1059:
1019:
999:
989:
964:
924:
885:("Festival of Lugh") in Ireland, was commemorated on 1 August.
815:
323:
166:
160:('serving the god Lug') can also be reconstructed from Gaulish
1583:
2875:
2733:
2728:
2534:
2504:
2499:
2484:
2311:
2281:
2231:
2216:
2211:
1064:
1039:
1034:
1004:
950:), though more recent scholarship has downplayed such links.
870:
765:
731:
699:
695:
122:
1673:
Wodan und andere forschungsgeschichtliche Leichen: exhumiert
1434:, Vol. 2, Walter de Gruyter, 1974, p. 387, inscription 2818.
1177:
the mortal Dechtire the father of the great hero Cuchulainn.
1112:
Bas-relief discovered in Paris in 1867 and preserved at the
510:
in a single-word (and potentially Gaulish) inscription from
2809:
2291:
2167:
1870:
Polis: Revista de ideas y formas políticas de la Antigüedad
1586:. P.-Y. Lambert leaves this phrase partially untranslated,
979:
974:
912:
866:
799:
777:
656:
586:
569:
551:
538:
519:
446:
352:
310:
294:
86:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1189:
1187:
1185:
559:
Luc(obo) Gudarovis Vale Cle.(ens) v(otum) l(ibens) s(olvit
541:
being represented as a shoemaker in the 4th branch of the
102:
The etymology of the name is debated. Besides the Gaulish
1353:
1351:
1349:
1288:
856:
1199:
1182:
278:
Distribution of inscriptions to the Lugoves or to Lug.
1778:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
1675:, Beiträge zur Namenforschung 38 (2003), 25–42.
1346:
1218:
869:
was the victorious youth who defeated the monstrous
343:('Place of Lug the Sovereign'), the ancient name of
232:
224:
216:
208:
200:
194:
has been tentatively derived from several different
1884:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1889:
714:, or herald's staff topped with a pair of snakes;
473:Votive inscription to the Lucoves Arquieni. Lugo,
266:= 'desideratum montem' from the Vienna glossary."
240:
187:
1976:
1955:
1866:"El pancéltico dios Lug y su presencia en España"
614:Rufina Lucubus v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)
2893:
1997:
1230:
1717:. Celtic Studies Publications. pp. 37–56.
1650:.2 (November 1968, pp. 111–138) p 120 and note.
1118:Les Dieux gaulois d'après les monuments figurés
818:) moulded aspects of Lug into the Germanic god
1759:Studies in British Celtic Historical Phonology
923:). At least two ancient Lughnasadh locations,
734:. He is frequently accompanied by his consort
2140:
1460:, University of Wales Press, 1928, pp. 237ff.
1370:
663:equivalents rather than their Gaulish names (
38:and now believed to represent Lugus or Ogmios
1844:Inscriptions Romaines de la Province de Lugo
499:The translation is debated, but the phrase "
2154:
182:(Burgos), are also linguistically related.
2147:
2133:
1447:, University of Wales Press, 1928, p. 238.
1393:, Universidad de Salamanca, 1997, pp. 8ff.
1257:Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
1148:and childhood also parallels that of Zeus.
1129:
410:In Insular Celtic are found the Brythonic
2020:
1946:
1835:Inscripciones Latinas de la España Romana
1753:
1731:
1687:
1404:Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia
1338:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1294:
1212:
1193:
877:“of the long arm”, carries on an ancient
577:Lucoubu Arquieni(s) Silonius Silo ex voto
759:
706:(now the emblem of France); horses; the
468:
273:
25:
2068:
1863:
1737:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
810:, the three chief deities mentioned by
366:It has been suggested as an element of
2894:
2047:
2029:
1361:. Serie II, Historia Antigua, 21: 101.
946:(a theory championed most famously by
269:
254:, "it is not certain that there is an
85:(Lleu of the Skillful Hand) and Irish
2128:
1775:
1468:
1466:
1243:
857:Continuity in later Celtic narratives
825:i.e. that Gaulish Mercury influenced
292:('Lug's fortress'), at the origin of
19:For the Philippine municipality, see
2069:Stifter, David (1997). "Celtiberian
1928:
1715:Celtic religions in the Roman period
1709:
1283:Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie
1272:, Boydell & Brewer, 2009, p. 45.
1224:
888:His name survives in the village of
659:, giving the names of their nearest
331:('Lug's village'), at the origin of
16:Celtic deity identified with Mercury
1159:
286:- is the source of the place names
13:
2428:
2420:
1797:
1463:
1130:Maccrossan, Tadhg (May 29, 2002).
655:identified six gods worshipped in
641:
14:
2958:
2106:
626:An inscribed lead plate found in
373:It is also in the personal names
2112:
1313:The Place-Names of Hertfordshire
1116:, from J.-L. Courcelle-Seneuil,
429:Ethnonyms which may derive from
145:Common Celtic origin of the cult
1908:10.3989/emerita.2008.v76.i2.294
1681:
1662:
1653:
1637:
1620:
1600:
1566:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1486:
1450:
1437:
1425:
1409:
1396:
1383:
1364:
1300:
1275:
832:
464:
363:('grove') cannot be ruled out.
262:', one of the best known being
34:found in Paris; interpreted as
2099:La religión romana en Hispania
2095:El dios céltico Lugu en España
1916:Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
1825:Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
1432:Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
1262:
1249:
1153:
1123:
1106:
685:
630:in France includes the phrase
481:The god Lug is mentioned in a
441:) of Asturias, as well as the
1:
2001:Dialogues d'histoire ancienne
1979:Dialogues d'histoire ancienne
1958:Dialogues d'histoire ancienne
1948:10.3989/emerita.2006.v74.i1.6
1886:de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia
1590:("May you ... to my right"),
1477:"Lugus: the Many-Gifted Lord"
1315:. Cambridge University Press.
1095:
900:in which it stands. When the
853:, were dedicated to the god.
445:, known from inscriptions in
1612:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
1160:Fee, Christopher R. (2004).
1100:
694:of Gaulish Mercury includes
638:) with/by my right (hand)".
238:never produces Proto-Celtic
114:), the deity is attested in
97:
7:
1164:. Oxford University Press.
953:
755:
178:, goddesses attested to in
10:
2963:
1573:Lugus: The Gaulish Mercury
233:
225:
217:
209:
201:
30:A three-headed image of a
18:
2856:
2828:
2780:
2762:
2664:
2591:
2558:
2440:
2418:
2184:
2163:
1914:Ellis, Peter Berresford,
1162:Gods, Heroes, & Kings
896:, "Lug's plain") and the
58:
2044:. Accessed 18 Dec. 2022.
1929:Eska, Joseph F. (2006).
1864:Alberro, Manuel (2010).
1456:Gruffydd, William John.
1443:Gruffydd, William John.
794:suggests that Lug was a
89:(Lugh of the Long Arm).
2062:10.3406/ecelt.2016.2472
1359:Espacio, Tiempo y Forma
489:in Spain, which reads:
461:might also be related.
242:
189:
143:, which may point to a
92:
2434:
2426:
1588:Que tu ... à ma droite
1311:, F.M.Stenton (1938).
769:
744:shares the same root (
478:
279:
250:According to linguist
185:The Proto-Celtic root
39:
2432:
2424:
2013:10.3406/dha.2010.3234
1991:10.3406/dha.2002.2475
1970:10.3406/dha.1997.2334
1259:, Francke, 1959, 686.
763:
472:
277:
170:, and Hispano-Celtic
29:
2121:at Wikimedia Commons
1816:L'Année épigraphique
1645:History of Religions
1406:, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p.
948:Roger Sherman Loomis
911:("fort of Lug", now
710:; dogs or wolves; a
680:interpretatio romana
666:interpretatio romana
487:Peñalba de Villastar
2166:Ancient deities of
1851:(CNRS, Paris, 1985)
1804:Epigraphic evidence
1628:Celtisches Religion
1136:Llewellyn Worldwide
879:Proto-Indo-European
698:, particularly the
426:'Lug's stallion').
270:Use in proper names
196:Proto-Indo-European
2782:Gallia Narbonensis
2435:
2427:
1578:2005-03-06 at the
1285:, 31, 1970, p. 24.
770:
589:, Galicia, Spain:
572:, Galicia, Spain:
554:, Galicia, Spain:
479:
397:. The female name
280:
214:('to break'), and
61:, is a god of the
40:
2947:Kings of the gods
2917:Mercurian deities
2889:
2888:
2838:Matronae Aufaniae
2830:Germania Inferior
2307:Ialonus Contrebis
2117:Media related to
2093:Tovar, Antonio. "
1768:978-90-5183-820-6
1689:Delamarre, Xavier
1634:) 1961, pp 40-56.
1632:Kohlhammer Verlag
1473:Alexei Kondratiev
1458:Math vab Mathonwy
1445:Math vab Mathonwy
1389:Lejeune, Michel,
1227:, pp. 46–47.
1132:"Celtic Religion"
1114:Carnavalet Museum
786:Lugaid Riab nDerg
621:Iberian Peninsula
485:inscription from
198:roots, including
57:), also known by
2954:
2764:Gallia Cisalpina
2560:Gallia Aquitania
2156:Celtic mythology
2149:
2142:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2090:
2065:
2050:Études Celtiques
2043:
2026:
2024:
1994:
1973:
1952:
1950:
1911:
1893:
1881:
1793:
1772:
1755:Schrijver, Peter
1750:
1733:Matasović, Ranko
1728:
1706:
1676:
1669:Rübekeil, Ludwig
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1641:
1635:
1624:
1618:
1604:
1598:
1594:L'Arbre Celtique
1570:
1564:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1490:
1484:
1470:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1255:Julius Pokorny,
1253:
1247:
1241:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1197:
1191:
1180:
1179:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1127:
1121:
1110:
1085:Capitoline Triad
1080:Triad (religion)
970:Lleu Llaw Gyffes
827:Germanic Mercury
798:god, comprising
652:De Bello Gallico
632:luge dessummiíis
418:) and Old Welsh
407:('God's slave').
260:folk etymologies
252:Xavier Delamarre
245:
236:
235:
228:
227:
220:
219:
212:
211:
204:
203:
192:
83:Lleu Llaw Gyffes
77:inscriptions to
71:king of the gods
2962:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2852:
2824:
2776:
2758:
2660:
2587:
2554:
2436:
2416:
2297:Genii Cucullati
2180:
2159:
2153:
2109:
2104:
1800:
1798:Further reading
1769:
1747:
1725:
1703:
1684:
1679:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1642:
1638:
1625:
1621:
1605:
1601:
1584:Mabinogion.info
1580:Wayback Machine
1571:
1567:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1491:
1487:
1471:
1464:
1455:
1451:
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1307:J.E.B. Glover,
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1128:
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1111:
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1103:
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960:Llywelyn (name)
956:
859:
839:Mercurii Montes
835:
792:Ludwig Rübekeil
758:
688:
644:
642:Gaulish Mercury
467:
272:
100:
95:
63:Celtic pantheon
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2960:
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2810:Lero et Lerina
2807:
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2666:Gallia Celtica
2662:
2661:
2659:
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2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
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2597:
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2593:Gallia Belgica
2589:
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2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2185:Supra-regional
2182:
2181:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2108:
2107:External links
2105:
2103:
2102:
2091:
2081:(2): 213–223.
2066:
2045:
2034:(97): 121–31.
2027:
2007:(2): 117–136.
1995:
1985:(2): 121–166.
1974:
1964:(1): 221–286.
1953:
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1859:
1857:
1853:
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1724:978-1891271250
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1636:
1626:Jan de Vries,
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1449:
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1408:
1395:
1382:
1373:Studia Celtica
1363:
1345:
1299:
1297:, p. 348.
1295:Schrijver 1995
1287:
1274:
1268:Bernard Mees,
1261:
1248:
1229:
1217:
1215:, p. 248.
1213:Matasović 2009
1198:
1196:, p. 211.
1194:Delamarre 2003
1181:
1170:
1152:
1122:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
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1075:Triple deities
1072:
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566:Outeiro de Rei
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99:
96:
94:
91:
87:Lugh Lámhfhada
69:and status as
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2959:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:Raven deities
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
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2907:Commerce gods
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2072:
2071:-unei, Luguei
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
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2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:(in French).
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1960:(in French).
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
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1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1924:0-19-508961-8
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1902:(2): 181–96.
1901:
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1748:
1746:9789004173361
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:Koch, John T.
1708:
1704:
1702:9782877723695
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1607:Julius Caesar
1603:
1596:
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1589:
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1392:
1386:
1379:(1): 213–244.
1378:
1374:
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1360:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1341:
1334:
1322:
1314:
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1303:
1296:
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1284:
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1271:
1270:Celtic Curses
1265:
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986:
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976:
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965:Lugaid (name)
963:
961:
958:
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951:
949:
945:
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932:
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926:
922:
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899:
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886:
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876:
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868:
864:
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848:
844:
841:), including
840:
837:High places (
830:
828:
824:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
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783:
779:
775:
767:
762:
753:
751:
747:
743:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:bags of money
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
667:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
647:Julius Caesar
639:
637:
633:
629:
624:
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388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:Lucus Augusti
346:
342:
341:
337:; as well as
336:
335:
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326:
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313:
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307:
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109:
105:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
28:
22:
2932:Wolf deities
2636:Iovantucarus
2475:Belatucadros
2425:Celtic wheel
2326:
2207:Anextiomarus
2165:
2098:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2053:
2049:
2031:
2022:10045/131629
2004:
2000:
1982:
1978:
1961:
1957:
1941:(1): 77–88.
1938:
1934:
1915:
1899:
1895:
1872:(22): 7–30.
1869:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1781:
1777:
1758:
1736:
1714:
1692:
1682:Bibliography
1672:
1664:
1655:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1630:(Stuttgart:
1627:
1622:
1610:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1568:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1535:, pp. 87-88.
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1511:, pp. 80-89.
1508:
1504:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1402:Koch, John,
1398:
1390:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1358:
1312:
1302:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1220:
1175:
1161:
1155:
1146:
1139:. Retrieved
1125:
1117:
1108:
1055:Sol Invictus
933:
907:inaugurated
898:County Louth
893:
887:
874:
860:
851:Mont de Sène
838:
836:
833:Sacred sites
819:
790:
771:
749:
745:
739:
728:Welsh Triads
723:
708:tree of life
689:
679:
675:
664:
650:
645:
635:
631:
625:
618:
613:
601:
599:
593:
581:
576:
564:
558:
550:
547:
536:
526:
507:
505:
500:
498:
493:
480:
465:Inscriptions
454:
442:
438:
434:
433:include the
430:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:Lugu-dunolus
374:
372:
365:
360:
348:
338:
332:
328:
322:
321:and perhaps
315:
309:
303:
299:
293:
287:
283:
282:The theonym
281:
263:
249:
239:
231:
223:
215:
207:
199:
186:
184:
175:
171:
165:
164:, Old Irish
161:
157:
152:Proto-Celtic
148:
140:
133:
131:Middle Welsh
126:
118:
111:
107:
103:
101:
50:
42:
41:
32:Celtic deity
2922:Triple gods
2902:Celtic gods
2871:Endovelicus
2621:Icovellauna
2520:Ricagambeda
2397:Telesphorus
2352:Nantosuelta
2075:Die Sprache
2056:: 123–133.
1695:. Errance.
1421:XIII, 05078
1391:Celtibérica
1329:|work=
1309:Allen Mawer
1070:Solar deity
938:characters
892:(anciently
847:Puy-de-Dôme
692:iconography
686:Iconography
676:samildánach
670:. He said "
628:Chamalières
609:), France:
516:Switzerland
483:Celtiberian
424:Lugu-marcos
340:Lugu-ualion
256:appellative
206:('black'),
138:Celtiberian
75:Gallo-Roman
59:other names
21:Lugus, Sulu
2937:Snake gods
2896:Categories
2848:Nehalennia
2805:Cathubodua
2772:Ambisagrus
2719:Moritasgus
2684:Atepomarus
2641:Veraudunus
2583:Sexarbores
2455:Alaisiagae
1761:. Rodopi.
1244:Simón 2005
1171:0190291702
1096:References
921:Alexandria
883:Lughnasadh
843:Montmartre
741:leprechaun
522:), Spain:
416:Lugu-catus
399:Lugu-selua
329:Lugu-ialon
289:Lugu-dunon
158:*Lugu-deks
2912:Arts gods
2858:Gallaecia
2843:Gebrinius
2749:Smertrios
2656:Xulsigiae
2646:Vindonnus
2631:Intarabus
2540:Vinotonus
2495:Coventina
2480:Britannia
2470:Arnemetia
2450:Abandinus
2442:Britannia
2407:Virotutis
2322:Loucetios
2272:Dis Pater
2257:Cissonius
2252:Cicolluis
2247:Cernunnos
2237:Brigantia
2178:by region
2176:Gallaecia
2087:0376-401X
1878:1130-0728
1790:1540-4889
1739:. Brill.
1592:cited at
1562:XII, 3080
1547:, p. 869.
1523:, p. 868.
1498:2003, 952
1331:ignored (
1321:cite book
1225:Koch 2017
1101:Citations
1015:Apaliunas
936:Arthurian
917:Cleopatra
894:Lughmhagh
875:lámhfhada
774:phalluses
716:mistletoe
501:to Luguei
451:El Bierzo
412:Louocatus
404:Theodulus
387:Lugissius
180:Atapuerca
172:Luguadici
116:Old Irish
112:Lugouibus
98:Etymology
67:ethnonyms
2927:Dog gods
2820:Rudianos
2815:Nemausus
2790:Albiorix
2744:Souconna
2709:Nemetona
2704:Luxovius
2694:Gobannus
2679:Anvallus
2616:Arvernus
2611:Arduinna
2490:Cocidius
2465:Andraste
2412:Visucius
2402:Toutatis
2387:Suleviae
2382:Sucellus
2367:Rosmerta
2262:Condatis
2227:Belisama
2197:Alisanos
2040:43606249
1888:(2008).
1757:(1995).
1735:(2009).
1691:(2003).
1576:Archived
1090:Trimurti
954:See also
940:Lancelot
909:Lugdunum
905:Augustus
849:and the
804:Toutatis
756:Triplism
736:Rosmerta
712:caduceus
702:and the
603:Nemausus
543:Mabinogi
512:Avenches
459:Scotland
439:Lougonoi
420:Loumarch
391:Lugu-rix
379:Lugu-uec
351:(modern
345:Carlisle
264:Lugdunum
162:Lugudeca
155:compound
2800:Buxenus
2795:Artaius
2739:Sequana
2699:Icaunis
2674:Acionna
2651:Vosegus
2626:Inciona
2606:Ancamna
2568:Abellio
2550:Veteris
2545:Verbeia
2525:Satiada
2460:Ancasta
2433:Taranis
2392:Taranis
2342:Matrona
2332:Maponos
2317:Litavis
2302:Grannus
2287:Erecura
2242:Camulus
2222:Belenus
2202:Andarta
2192:Alaunus
2172:Britain
2097:". In:
1935:Emerita
1896:Emerita
1856:Studies
1141:May 30,
1045:Minerva
1030:Belenus
1025:Grannus
1010:Mithras
985:Mercury
929:Tailtiu
902:Emperor
863:Ireland
821:Wōdanaz
808:Taranis
724:Lugoves
672:Mercury
649:in his
508:Lugoues
475:Galicia
435:Luggoni
422:(< *
414:(< *
395:Lugiola
368:Lothian
357:Galicia
334:Ligueil
218:*leugʰ-
176:Lugunae
108:Lugoues
79:Mercury
47:Gaulish
36:Mercury
2866:Bandua
2714:Moccus
2689:Bricta
2601:Abnoba
2530:Senuna
2515:Ocelus
2510:Nodens
2377:Sirona
2372:Segomo
2362:Ritona
2357:Ogmios
2347:Mogons
2337:Matres
2277:Divona
2267:Damona
2158:series
2085:
2038:
2032:Pallas
1922:
1876:
1788:
1765:
1743:
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1699:
1483:, 1997
1168:
1060:Helios
1020:Apollo
1000:Pushan
990:Hermes
925:Carmun
845:, the
816:Chatti
796:triune
782:Lugaid
718:; and
455:Lougoi
453:. The
443:Lougei
393:, and
383:Lugius
324:Leiden
305:Laudun
300:Loudon
226:*leuk-
210:*leuǵ-
202:*leug-
174:. The
167:Lugaid
141:Luguei
136:, and
2876:Nabia
2734:Robor
2729:Naria
2724:Mullo
2578:Fagus
2535:Sulis
2505:Latis
2500:Iouga
2485:Clota
2327:Lugus
2312:Lenus
2282:Epona
2232:Borvo
2217:Aveta
2212:Artio
2119:Lugus
2036:JSTOR
1784:(1).
1065:Surya
1040:Sulis
1035:Borvo
1005:Mitra
890:Louth
871:Balor
812:Lucan
766:Reims
748:from
732:spear
700:raven
696:birds
661:Roman
607:Nîmes
583:Sober
361:lucus
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123:Ogham
106:(pl.
104:Lugos
55:Latin
51:Lugus
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43:Lugos
2881:Reue
2754:Telo
2573:Baco
2292:Esus
2174:and
2168:Gaul
2083:ISSN
1920:ISBN
1874:ISSN
1840:IRPL
1831:ILER
1786:ISSN
1763:ISBN
1741:ISBN
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1545:ILER
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1340:link
1333:help
1166:ISBN
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980:Odin
975:Lugh
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927:and
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867:Lugh
806:and
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570:Lugo
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437:(or
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