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powered by a five horsepower (3.7 kW) electric motor, Northcott's system could change out the air through the entire house about every four minutes. Tests made over successive years by means of culture media and sterile plates were considered to have demonstrated the "perfect bacteriologic purity" of the air, purportedly a benefit to those suffering various respiratory illnesses. This "purity" was explained by a natural filtration process with air drawn into the caverns through myriad rocky crevices, then further cleansing by air floating over the transparent springs and pools, the product finally being supplied to the inmates of the sanatorium. The "Limair" burned down in the early 1900s but was subsequently rebuilt as a brick building. The Luray
Caverns Corporation, which was chartered by Northcott, purchased the caverns in February 1905 and continues to hold the property today.
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271:. It then ascends to a small passage past the Fried Eggs rock formation and returns to ground level through a smaller passage to the entrance. The entire trek is 1.5 mi (2.4 km) long and can be completed in 45 minutes to 1 hour. Visitors can carry small pets on the cave tour, and leashed pets are permitted on the grounds outside the cave. The caverns now offer a step-free access. While this extended pathway will allow for wheelchair access, the caverns aren't advertised as handicap accessible.
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288:), William Campbell, John “Quint” Campbell, and local photographer Benton Stebbins. Their attention had been attracted by a protruding limestone outcrop and by a nearby sinkhole noted to have cool air issuing from it. Seeking a cavern, the men started to dig and, about four hours later, a hole was created for the smallest men (Andrew and Quint) to squeeze through, slide down a rope and explore by candlelight. The first column they saw was named the
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Contiguous stalactites are often inwrapped thus until they assume an almost globular form, through which by making a section the primary tubes appear. Contorted stalactites may be caused by lateral outgrowths of crystals growing from the side of an active stalactite, or to deflections caused by currents of air, or to the existence of a diminutive
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The quantity of water in the cavern varies greatly at different seasons. Hence some stalactites have their tips under water long enough to allow tassels of crystals to grow on them, which, in a drier season, are again coated over with stalactitic matter; and thus singular distortions are occasioned.
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draperies are abundant throughout the cavern and one of the best examples is
Saracen's Tent. The drapery formation can be found in all major rooms and ring like bells when struck heavily by the hand. Their origin and also that of certain so-called scarfs and blankets is from carbonates deposited by
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crystals line the sides and bottom of water-filled cavities. Variations of level at different periods are marked by rings, ridges and ruffled margins. These are strongly marked about
Broaddus Lake and the curved ramparts of the Castles on the Rhine. Here also are polished stalagmites, a rich buff
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The cavern is yellow, brown or red because of water, chemicals and minerals. The new stalactites growing from the old, and made of hard carbonates that had already once been used, are usually white as snow though often pink or amber-colored. The
Empress Column is a stalagmite 35 feet (11 m)
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Sam
Buracker of Luray owned the land on which the cavern entrance was found. Because of uncollected debts, a court-ordered auction of all his land was held on September 14, 1878. Andrew Campbell, William Campbell, and Benton Stebbins purchased the cave tract, but kept their discovery secret until
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as the first air-conditioned home in the United States. On the hottest day in summer, the interior of the house was kept at a cool and comfortable 70 °F (21 °C). By sinking a shaft five feet (1.5 m) in diameter down to a cavern chamber and installing a 42-inch (1,100 mm) fan
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is often so convincing that people are unable to see the real bottom. It looks quite deep, as the stalactites are higher above the water, but at its deepest point the water is only around 20 inches (50 cm) deep. The lake is connected to a spring that continues deeper into the caverns.
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of the lower
Beekmantown Dolomite (Lower Ordovician). At some period, niches and already formed chambers were completely filled with water, highly charged with acid, which then slowly began to eat away at much of the softer material composing much of the walls, ceilings and floors. The one
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is a green pond with coins, three feet (1 m) deep at the bottom. Like Dream Lake, the well also gives an illusion, however it is reversed. The pond looks three to four feet (90 to 120 cm) deep but at its deepest point it is actually six to seven feet (180 to 210 cm) deep.
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Visitors enter the cave via a path that curves downward through the caverns, eventually reaching Dream Lake, The
Saracen's Tent, The Great Stalacpipe Organ and some large stalactites and stalagmites. The path proceeds to the Wishing Well and a war memorial honoring veterans from
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girl, found in one of the chasms, was estimated, from the current rate of stalagmitic growth, to be not more than 500 years old. Her remains may have slipped into the caverns after her burial hole collapsed due to a sinkhole, although the real cause is unknown.
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The dimensions of the chambers included in Luray
Caverns cannot be easily stated, due to the great irregularity of their outlines. There are several tiers of galleries, and the vertical depth from the highest to the lowest is 260 feet (79 m).
667:, a large shield formation, that was used from very early on as an instrument for a variety of folk and religious songs; and a vast bed of disintegrated carbonates left by the water in its retreat through the great space called the Elfin Ramble.
611:. Formations at Luray Caverns are white in color if the calcium carbonate is in its pure form. Other colors reflect impurities in the calcite resulting from elements absorbed from the soil or rock layers: Reds and yellows due to
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high, rose-colored, and elaborately draped. The Double Column, named from
Professors Henry and Baird, is made of two fluted pillars side by side, the one 25 feet (8 m) the other 60 feet (18 m) high, a mass of snowy
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water trickling down a sloping and corrugated surface. Sixteen of these alabaster scarfs hang side by side in Hoveys
Balcony, three white and fine as crape shawls, thirteen striated like agate with various shades of brown.
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after the sale. Because the true value of the property was not realized until after the purchase, legal wrangling ensued for the next two years with attempts to prove fraud and decide rightful ownership. In April 1881, the
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The cascades are formations like foaming cataracts caught in mid-air and transformed into milk-white or amber alabaster. Brands Cascade is 40 feet (12 m) high and 30 feet (9 m) wide, and is a wax-like white.
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report of July 13 and 14, 1880, concluded: "t is safe to say that there is probably no other cave in the world more completely and profusely decorated with stalactite and stalagmite ornamentation than that of Luray."
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escapes rapidly, there is formed, besides the crystal bed below, a film above, shot like a sheet of ice across the surface. One pool 12 feet (4 m) wide is thus covered so as to show but a third of its surface.
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Luray Caverns is privately owned by the Graves family, who have lived in Luray for many years. Theodore Clay Northcott, great-grandfather to the owners, purchased the land on which the caverns are located in 1905.
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Portions of the caverns are open to the public and have long been electrically lighted. The registered number of visitors in 1906 was 18,000, but as of 2018, approximately 500,000 guests visit each year.
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Streams and true springs are absent, but there are hundreds of basins, some of which are 50 feet (15 m) in diameter, and up to 15 feet (5 m) in depth. The water in them contains carbonate of
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forms remained and growth began to take hold via stalactites, stalagmites, columns, etc. Some notable formations include the Leaning Column, undermined and tilting like the campanile of
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Ryder, J.A. (1881), "List of the North American species of myriapods belonging to the family Lysiopetalidae, with a description of a blind form from Luray Cave, Virginia",
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compounds. Luray Caverns remains an active cave where new formation deposits accumulate at the rate of about one cubic inch (16 cm) every 120 years.
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nullified the purchase by the cave discoverers. William T. Biedler of Baltimore (Buracker's in-law and major creditor) then sold the property to
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which create a one-half-mile (0.80 km) path for visitors. Three museums are also on site and included with the general admission. The
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particular area that shows this high level of water is Elfin Ramble where water marks of oscillation are highly visible on the ceiling.
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Luray Caverns was discovered on August 13, 1878, by five local men, including Andrew J. Campbell (a local
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Despite the legal disputes, rumors of the caverns' impressive formations spread quickly. Professor
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features an impressive collection of over 140 items relating to early transportation including a
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The temperature inside the caverns is uniformly 54 °F (12 °C), comparable to that of
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offers an array of vintage miniature trains, dolls, and other collectible toys on display. The
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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In 1901, the cool, supposedly pure air of Luray Caverns was forced through the rooms of the
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exceed 50 feet (15 m) in length. The Pluto's Ghost, a pillar, is a ghostly white.
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Sign at Wishing Well rock formation describing donations made to Page County charities
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After the water had been mostly removed by a lowering in the water table, these
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1057:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 127–128.
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sent a delegation of nine scientists to investigate. The next edition of the
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or "solution" caves, formations at Luray Caverns result from a solution of
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909:"The rift — a family dynasty fights over the future of Luray Caverns"
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devoted an unprecedented page and a half to the cave's wonders and
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contains many regional artifacts of significance including a 1536
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548:) through one of which the discoverers of Luray Caverns entered.
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The plaque outside Luray Caverns declaring it a Natural Landmark
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in April 1881.) David Kagery of Luray and George Marshall of
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933:"Luray Caverns Heirs Continue Spat Over Control and Cash"
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peculiar to the locality and designated from its habitat
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A reflecting lake in Luray Caverns known as Dream Lake
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of varied sizes to produce tones similar to those of
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Stalactites, stalagmites and columns in Luray Caverns
855:, Side Trips, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 28,
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are reflected in the water making them appear to be
808:features a cave system known as Lamplight Caverns.
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693:is considered to be one of the most well-formed
635:The "Fried Eggs" rock formation at Luray Caverns
496:buildings from rustic 19th-century life and the
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1239:Audio and video of organ on Sound Tourism site
822:List of National Natural Landmarks in Virginia
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1708:Tourist attractions in Page County, Virginia
214:, and mirrored pools. The caverns host the
773:that has an almost mirror-like appearance.
520:Luray Caverns Ballroom of stalactites, 1882
222:made from solenoid-fired strikers that tap
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847:Huso, Deborah R. (January–February 2010),
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346:, owned by J. Kemp Bartlett of Baltimore.
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1216:Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum
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460:Luray Caverns is home to a commercial
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894:"Luray Caverns | Washington DC"
492:is home to a collection of historic
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332:Norfolk and Western Railroad Company
615:and iron-stained clays; black from
340:Valley Land and Improvement Company
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1698:Landforms of Page County, Virginia
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769:There is a spring of water called
555:period. The cave is developed in
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1094:Pilkington, Taylor (2 May 2018).
1713:Museums in Page County, Virginia
1652:Luray Downtown Historic District
1449:Page County Board of Supervisors
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524:The caverns are situated in the
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324:The Luray Cave and Hotel Company
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1688:Show caves in the United States
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1071:. Luray Caverns. Archived from
478:Car and Carriage Caravan Museum
16:Cave in Virginia, United States
1569:Laurel Ridge Community College
1229:Luray Caverns official website
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1043:Hovey, Horace Carter (1911). "
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937:www.familybusinessmagazine.com
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907:Otterbourg, Ken (2013-03-14).
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453:designated Luray Caverns as a
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1:
1289:The Caverns at Natural Bridge
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97:Show map of the United States
1428:Washington metropolitan area
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202:such as columns, mud flows,
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1197:. p. 3. Archived from
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504:and a patented dog-powered
490:Shenandoah Heritage Village
468:. The maze contains 1,500
328:Shenandoah Railroad Company
10:
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1444:Page County Public Schools
1122:National Natural Landmarks
675:. Several stalactites in
665:The Great Stalacpipe Organ
647:(an electrically actuated
528:, just to the west of the
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451:Department of the Interior
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1324:Natural Tunnel State Park
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1191:"Fallout 3 Afterthoughts"
1169:"What will you discover?"
455:National Natural Landmark
320:Supreme Court of Virginia
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120:
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26:
21:
1548:Shenandoah National Park
474:Toy Town Junction Museum
470:dark American arborvitae
1579:Page County High School
1124:. National Park Service
1054:Encyclopædia Britannica
365:Alexander J. Brand, Jr.
360:Encyclopædia Britannica
355:Smithsonian Institution
336:Uniontown, Pennsylvania
243:Smithsonian Institution
144:38.664306°N 78.483806°W
1657:Page County Courthouse
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645:Great Stalacpipe Organ
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627:Celebrated speleothems
595:giving up some of its
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330:. (The SRC became the
326:, a subsidiary of the
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216:Great Stalacpipe Organ
1604:Page News and Courier
1512:Luray Caverns Airport
1412:Page County, Virginia
982:"Visit Luray Caverns"
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534:Appalachian Mountains
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447:National Park Service
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344:Luray Caverns Company
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149:38.664306; -78.483806
958:"Luray Caverns FAQs"
713:, which often forms
575:Speleothem formation
66:Show map of Virginia
802:The 2008 videogame
757:Luray Cavern waters
498:Luray Valley Museum
140: /
1645:Historic buildings
1329:Shenandoah Caverns
849:"The Beauty Below"
798:In popular culture
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421:. You can help by
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1683:Caves of Virginia
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1574:Luray High School
1423:Shenandoah Valley
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1350:Bull Thistle Cave
1274:Caves of Virginia
1201:on July 29, 2012.
1189:Nguyen, Thierry.
1098:. Virginia Living
1069:"The Early Years"
747:Mucor stalactitis
617:manganese dioxide
593:calcium carbonate
526:Shenandoah Valley
494:Shenandoah Valley
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394:Commercialization
383:Limair Sanatorium
377:Limair Sanatorium
351:Jerome J. Collins
290:Washington Column
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1596:Page Valley News
1553:Shenandoah River
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1281:Commercial caves
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1146:. Archived from
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1304:Endless Caverns
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1209:Further reading
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1171:. Luray Caverns
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1118:"Luray Caverns"
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691:Saracen's tent
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587:As with other
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1543:Luray Caverns
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1517:Skyline Drive
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1150:on 2010-07-22
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1144:"Garden Maze"
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93:United States
78:
63:
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37:
30:
25:
22:Luray Caverns
20:
1637:(Washington)
1631:(Washington)
1625:(Washington)
1619:(Washington)
1602:
1594:
1542:
1490:
1318:
1215:
1199:the original
1194:
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1163:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:the original
1138:
1128:November 19,
1126:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1100:. Retrieved
1096:"Cave Fever"
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1073:the original
1063:
1052:
1045:Luray Cavern
989:. Retrieved
985:
976:
965:. Retrieved
961:
952:
941:. Retrieved
936:
927:
916:. Retrieved
912:
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888:
877:, retrieved
873:the original
852:
803:
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791:Wishing Well
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746:
739:
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697:in the world
690:
681:
677:Giant's Hall
676:
669:
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586:
565:Mammoth Cave
562:
550:
523:
506:butter churn
502:ZĂĽrich Bible
497:
489:
484:and an 1892
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423:adding to it
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232:tuning forks
187:
183:
182:
132:38°39′51.5″N
91:Location in
60:Location in
1588:Local media
1360:Ogdens Cave
1343:Other caves
779:stalagmites
775:Stalactites
715:concretions
462:rope course
269:Page County
254:Description
224:stalactites
208:stalagmites
204:stalactites
200:speleothems
147: /
135:78°29′1.7″W
122:Coordinates
1677:Categories
1536:Recreation
1470:Shenandoah
1175:2017-08-20
1154:2010-07-11
1102:5 November
991:2019-08-27
967:2019-07-25
943:2023-03-29
918:2023-03-29
828:References
771:Dream Lake
649:lithophone
530:Blue Ridge
466:hedge maze
387:sanatorium
313:Litigation
228:xylophones
220:lithophone
188:Luray Cave
160:Designated
1562:Education
1484:Landmarks
861:1557-9107
853:AAA World
805:Fallout 3
726:mushrooms
702:Flowstone
695:draperies
673:alabaster
609:flowstone
605:dripstone
589:limestone
557:dolomites
542:Cave Hill
430:June 2008
280:Discovery
212:flowstone
1309:Gap Cave
869:61482791
816:See also
783:illusion
730:crystals
569:Kentucky
553:Tertiary
449:and the
298:charcoal
286:tinsmith
115:Virginia
107:Location
62:Virginia
1607:(Luray)
1599:(Luray)
1475:Stanley
1195:1up.com
1079:19 July
1051:(ed.).
1041::
879:19 July
781:. This
721:Calcite
601:calcite
532:of the
512:Geology
275:History
190:, is a
168:Website
1527:US 340
1522:US 211
1047:". In
1035:
867:
859:
743:fungus
657:eroded
621:copper
488:. The
1465:Luray
1458:Towns
546:karst
302:flint
236:bells
234:, or
111:Luray
1635:WUSA
1629:WTTG
1617:WJLA
1611:WHSV
1130:2016
1104:2019
1081:2013
881:2013
865:OCLC
857:ISSN
789:The
711:lime
661:Pisa
613:iron
607:and
464:and
218:, a
192:cave
163:1973
1623:WRC
567:in
536:in
425:.
1679::
1193:.
1120:.
1000:^
984:.
960:.
935:.
911:.
863:,
851:,
835:^
749:.
663:;
571:.
508:.
457:.
300:,
241:A
238:.
230:,
210:,
206:,
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1390:v
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1178:.
1157:.
1132:.
1106:.
1083:.
994:.
970:.
946:.
921:.
896:.
651:)
432:)
428:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
