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323:(8th century) in Tirunelveli, Vijaya Vitthala temple (15th century) in Hampi, Madurai Meenakshi temple (16th century) and Suchindram Thanumalayan temple (17th century) have musical pillars.
372:
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consisting of a rock or pieces of rock which are struck to produce musical notes. Notes may be sounded in combination (producing harmony) or in succession (melody). It is an
399:
184:
Recent research into usage wear and acoustics of prehistoric stone artefacts in North
America and Europe has revealed a number of possible portable lithophones.
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2.1, 1988, 41–50 (also in
English and French); Paul Yule, Rätsel indischer Kultur, in: H.-G. Niemeyer - R. Pörtner (eds.),
434:
25:
This postcard from 1906 illustrates the method of early lithophone performances in Luray
Caverns, Virginia, United States
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More sophisticated lithophones utilize trimmed and individually mounted stones to achieve full-scale instruments:
814:
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383:
248:, circa 1885, employed suspended flints of various sizes which were struck with other flints to produce sounds.
223:
841:
567:"A Possible New Class of Prehistoric Musical Instruments from New England: Portable Cylindrical Lithophones"
319:
Ancient
Indians were perhaps the first to use man-made lithophones as architectural elements. Temples like
148:
616:"Flint Tools as Portable Sound-Producing Objects in the Upper Palaeolithic Context: An Experimental Study"
75:
classification system, lithophones are designated as '111.22' – directly-struck percussion plaques.
750:
727:
87:", usually a natural rock formation opportunistically adapted to produce musical tones, such as that on
856:
Photographs, audio clips, and videos of lithophones from around the world, historical and contemporary.
601:
21:
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by Perry Cook and
Jonathan Shor, consisting of 17 bars stretched over a 35-foot (11 m) long path.
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UK Musician, Tony Dale developed a resonated slate lithophone in 1984 featured by composer
339:. The bars are usually wide like a wooden marimba, but are thinner, which helps increase
8:
1123:
34:
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Stone xylophone, Clore Garden of
Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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45:
619:
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P. Yule/M. Bemmann, Klangsteine aus Orissa Die frühesten
Musikinstrumente Indiens?,
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192:
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72:
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724:"Science Links Japan | A new percussion instrument "hokyo" made of Sanukite"
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Other slate lithophones, called stonaphones, are made in the U.S. state of
255:, which is featured alongside the vibraphone and marimba in a trio setting.
163:
144:
53:
263:
251:
Composer-vibraphonist
Wolfgang Lackerschmid uses an instrument called the
963:
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Will Menter, sculptures sonores, sound sculptures, musique contemporaine
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847:
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instrument, can be made of wood or stone, but is traditionally wood.
84:
61:
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1047:
354:
near a village called Ndut Lieng Krak. The 11 stone plates, made of
1032:
928:
207:
128:
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The ritual music of Korea features the use of stone chimes called
1027:
802:
697:
351:
336:
292:, a lithophone invented in Japan, has been made from the bars of
271:
219:
187:
136:
65:
335:
is configured in the same manner as the more typical wooden bar
310:
Some lithophones include electric pickups to amplify the sounds.
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In 1949 an ancient stone marimba was discovered in modern-day
853:
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96:
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29:
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108:
173:
Probable prehistoric lithophone stones have been found at
241:
in
Cumbria, England, and may be played there by visitors.
196:, have been discovered and revived in the 20th century.
485:. Published for Unicef by Facts on File. p. 121.
222:, England have been made into an instrument placed at
642:"Musical Stones: Rock music from the Cumbrian Hills"
694:"Sigur Rós - Surtshellir (stone marimba) - Heima"
190:lithophones dating back to ancient times, called
1105:
1014:
366:and may be the oldest known musical instrument.
440:Stone chimes, Shandong Provincial Museum, Jinan
398:Ethiopian Lithophones with Stand, Monastery of
480:
105:Gobustan State Historical and Cultural Reserve
1000:
902:
783:. New Scientist. 10 January 1957. p. 8.
314:
16:Musical percussion instrument made from rock
1007:
993:
909:
895:
867:The Musical Stones of Skiddaw being played
147:. An example that is no longer used is at
748:
131:, USA uses 37 stalactites to produce the
83:A rudimentary form of lithophone is the "
564:
343:. The stone marimba may or may not have
28:
20:
836:STONE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS (LITHOPHONES)
266:played a slate marimba, which sculptor
1106:
135:. Other stalactite lithophones are at
52:comparable to instruments such as the
988:
890:
704:from the original on 13 December 2021
545:Die großen Abenteuer der Archäologie
515:"Ancient land where stones can sing"
358:, were chipped into the tuning of a
274:. This is demonstrated in their DVD
119:when struck with smaller rocks. The
115:is a natural stone that sounds like
872:Video of the Great Stalacpipe Organ
848:Audio and video of Stalacpipe Organ
830:by Jim Doble out of recycled slate
751:"Musical pillars and singing rocks"
362:. They are currently housed at the
78:
13:
815:Will Menter lithophones and mbiras
668:"Pįll Gušmundsson - Żmis verkefni"
14:
1145:
797:The British composer Will Menter
791:
644:. Brantwood Trust. Archived from
565:Caldwell, Duncan (19 July 2013).
547:(Salzburg 1987) vol. 10, p. 3739
483:Musical instruments of the world
433:
421:
406:
391:
371:
326:
270:constructed from rocks found in
1114:Keyboard percussion instruments
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771:
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162:(or Chalaparta), a traditional
1119:Pitched percussion instruments
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686:
660:
634:
608:
558:
533:
507:
474:
303:calls for a lithophone called
224:Keswick Museum and Art Gallery
1:
780:The stones of Ndut Lieng Krak
467:
1134:Plaque percussion idiophones
882:The Ringing Rocks of Montana
801:invented the llechiphone, a
7:
445:
205:, derived from the Chinese
10:
1150:
749:Prasad, M.G.; Rajavel, B.
602:Cambridge University Press
583:10.7183/0002-7316.78.3.520
384:Schellerhau botanic garden
1023:
944:Musical Stones of Skiddaw
924:
315:As architectural elements
216:Musical Stones of Skiddaw
877:The Parkbench Lithophone
860:
229:A lithophone called the
33:Lithophone sculpture in
481:Diagram Group. (1976).
139:in South India, and at
939:Great Stalacpipe Organ
541:Archaeologia Musicalis
121:Great Stalacpipe Organ
37:
26:
1017:percussion idiophones
850:on Sound Tourism site
237:, the former home of
32:
24:
299:The German composer
233:has been created at
840:An installation in
809:, while working in
378:Lithophone made of
321:Nellaiyappar temple
307:in his later works.
35:Schloss Freudenberg
1058:Kulintang a tiniok
805:with keys made of
648:on 28 January 2013
571:American Antiquity
521:. 12 December 2018
141:Ringing Rocks Park
46:musical instrument
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149:Cave of the Winds
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670:. Archived from
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618:. Archived from
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364:Musée de l'Homme
360:pentatonic scale
268:Páll Guðmundsson
153:Colorado Springs
79:Notable examples
73:Hornbostel-Sachs
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854:lithophones.com
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89:Mfangano Island
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1078:Ranat thum lek
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792:External links
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577:(3): 520–535.
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949:Ringing rocks
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457:Ringing rocks
455:
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419:
416:, range C3–C5
415:
414:Stone marimba
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333:stone marimba
327:Stone marimba
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133:Western scale
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125:Luray Caverns
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93:Lake Victoria
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1068:Ranat ek lek
1062:
1053:Glockenspiel
917:
779:
773:
761:. Retrieved
757:
744:
732:. Retrieved
728:the original
718:
706:. Retrieved
688:
676:. Retrieved
672:the original
662:
650:. Retrieved
646:the original
636:
624:. Retrieved
620:the original
610:
600:– via
594:. Retrieved
574:
570:
560:
544:
540:
535:
523:. Retrieved
518:
509:
482:
476:
349:
332:
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318:
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200:
191:
168:
157:
145:Pennsylvania
82:
70:
54:glockenspiel
41:
39:
18:
1129:Lithophones
964:Silex Piano
918:Lithophones
811:North Wales
678:23 November
246:Silex Piano
239:John Ruskin
202:pyeongyeong
1124:Idiophones
1108:Categories
1093:Vibraphone
1073:Ranat kaeo
1063:Lithophone
959:Sankarjang
842:Quark Park
821:John Hardy
763:28 January
553:385012150X
492:0871963205
468:References
462:Sankarjang
345:resonators
305:Steinspiel
258:Icelandic
253:gramorimba
188:Vietnamese
175:Sankarjang
160:Txalaparta
117:tambourine
113:Azerbaijan
101:Gaval Dash
58:vibraphone
42:lithophone
1083:Toy piano
1038:Fangxiang
954:Rock gong
734:6 October
652:6 January
501:223164947
452:Phonolite
386:(Germany)
380:Phonolite
341:resonance
301:Carl Orff
264:Sigur Rós
260:post-rock
235:Brantwood
85:rock gong
62:xylophone
50:idiophone
1033:Crotales
929:Bianqing
708:19 April
702:Archived
626:28 March
596:19 April
591:53959315
446:See also
294:sanukite
208:bianqing
181:, India.
129:Virginia
107:outside
1028:Celesta
1015:Plaque
832:roofing
803:marimba
758:Taranga
698:YouTube
525:19 June
382:in the
352:Vietnam
337:marimba
272:Iceland
220:Cumbria
137:Tenkasi
99:. The
71:In the
66:marimba
1048:Gendèr
1043:Gangsa
934:Đàn đá
589:
551:
499:
489:
356:schist
193:đàn đá
179:Odisha
164:Basque
861:Video
828:Maine
807:slate
754:(PDF)
587:S2CID
290:hōkyō
276:Heima
262:band
218:from
151:, in
97:Kenya
91:, in
44:is a
1088:Ugal
765:2018
736:2015
710:2021
680:2018
654:2013
628:2021
598:2021
549:ISBN
527:2024
497:OCLC
487:ISBN
288:The
281:The
244:The
214:The
158:The
109:Baku
64:and
579:doi
519:CNN
177:in
143:in
123:of
103:in
1110::
756:.
700:.
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585:.
575:78
573:.
569:.
517:.
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347:.
331:A
155:.
127:,
111:,
95:,
68:.
60:,
56:,
40:A
1008:e
1001:t
994:v
910:e
903:t
896:v
834:.
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813:.
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682:.
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211:.
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