1977:
1887:
552:
759:
1286:, who gradually began singing original tunes in Basque. Notable bands from the 1960s include Urretxindorrak, Enarak, Soroak and Estitxu (female singer born to fleeing parents near Bayonne). These new bands sought to take advantage of the regime's increasing liberalization, despite the fact that major obstacles that still hindered cultural activity associated with anything Basque. Cultural and political awareness, social rebelliousness and an urge for action emerged in the following generations, resulting in a new left-leaning Basque nationalist movement.
1779:
530:
880:, updated the music brilliantly and released them in a number of albums. Another current long-standing and renowned group who elaborate on traditional songs is Oskorri: The band set about singing traditional songs in public performances previously handing out to the audience a repertoire bill including the lyrics and encouraging them to sing along. The band has launched a couple of albums of this kind so far and performed on various tours to public acclaim, becoming especially popular with middle-aged parents.
838:
541:
35:
1306:
1290:
1649:
1366:" broke up in 1972 and its members took up separate paths that eventually confirmed some of them as acclaimed and key folk Basque singers up to the 2000s. Along the lines of singer-songwriter style, Guk, Larralde eta Etxamendi or the beloved duo Pantxoa eta Peio provide the musical background for the 1970s period of struggle, repression and turmoil across the Northern Basque Country. Especially in the provinces of
1914:
1514:, sprang up all over the Basque Country, so furnishing small bands with premises to rehearse and a venue to stage concerts. For the first time, a younger disaffected and unruly generation stemming from urban sprawls and towns could find an outlet to voice its protest along the lines of a punk outlook ("do it yourself"), but could not avoid being badly shaken by drugs. 1984 saw the surge of Basque punk rock, or
1705:
826:
1298:
1528:
1716:
1492:
814:, so they can be popularly sung. Even today, it is not unusual to see groups of people marching around a town at some local festival singing and asking the neighbours for a food, drink or money donation, while the most famous celebrations following this pattern across the whole Basque Country may be those taking place on Christmas Eve (
1267:(1936–1937 in the Basque territory), headway made in the Basque culture in the pre-war period ground to a halt: Fear grew amidst harsh repression, famine became an overriding concern, and former cultural figures died or ran for their lives to exile. As an individual singing figure of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s,
521:, reflecting traits related to its society/tradition, and devised by people from that territory. While traditionally more closely associated to rural based and Basque language music, the growing diversification of its production during the last decades has tipped the scale in favour of a broad definition.
1931:
does electronic&rock with enthralling and trance raising live performances since 2000. It went international setting out on tours abroad including the United States. The band cancelled its 2013 international tour while in Mexico after a strange kidnapping attempt. A consistent career and musical
1774:
band Urtz, formed in 1988, dealt with personal stories that slightly differed from the still prevailing protest topics and harsh language of the late 1980s, besides featuring an unprecedented chorus line that delivered some charming, upbeat and catchy songs. The band broke up in the early 2000s, but
1164:
and began his ecclesiastical studies along with the music classes. In 1911, he founded the Schola
Cantorum at Comillas: His performances in plainsong and polyphony were highly influential. His works range from popular sacred songs (e.g. Estrella hermosa, Anima Christi, Baldako) to large-scale choral
2015:
Following the folk and singer-songwriter tradition, Jabier
Muguruza (born 1960) took up a solo career in 1994 after quitting other projects (Les Mecaniciens,...). The veteran musician composes and performs personal, mild songs with strong broody and literary lyrics. Meanwhile, some renowned figures
1665:
In 1990, Basque-language public radio station
Euskadi Gaztea was born, intending to target the youth in a young, dynamic and informal manner, besides adding information, dealing with subjects Basque young people may be interested in and encouraging Basque groups. Basque music definitely opened its
1386:
Meanwhile, new and more urban style musical ensembles and bands sprang up in the 1970s, performing first to other's songs of the time at summer local festivals. They gradually developed their own repertoire fashioned in line with the Basque revival and activism (special focus on the lyrics) and
1765:
Rock band
Hertzainak disbanded in 1993, while its members followed their own projects. Hertzainak frontman and controversial singer Gari started up a solo and very personal career with some accomplished songs that has established him as a compelling reference in Basque music, while Josu Zabala
1437:
led a solo career as a singer/songwriter, featuring a deep voice as well as a socially committed and poetic subjects, with the collaboration of domestic and foreign poets and singers. He went through a short period in prison and came back from exile in 1977. Friend of his and son of emigrant
853:, improvising bards, who even nowadays hold an important status in Basque culture. They voice the people's concerns by means of a formal tradition coming from the people (tunes, linguistic devices), and act as their spokespersons. A considerable corpus of traditional songs was gathered by
2051:-), who has occasionally collaborated with him, holds a long and prolific career in the Basque song panorama: She came to the spotlight with progressive-folk group Haizea, having published some solo albums since and featuring a very pure mezzo-soprano voice. Her latest work is the album
1503:
resorted to labels from Spain to record and release their works. Yet at the end of the 1970s and notably in the early 1980s, new regional publishers arose (Xoxoa, Soñua...), providing a springboard for small bands that previously found it difficult to see their works come to light.
629:, or the txistu, shaped in its present-day form during that period, despite the fact that it resulted from a long evolution. Most Basque instruments originated outside the Basque Country and became popular in the territory at some stage, but the
1681:. They showed a different outlook compared to previous band Kortatu: The new band sang entirely in Basque, their approach showed an open mind, while sticking to the Muguruzas' signature protest song, as showed in their acclaimed video clip
1322:
and seeking shelter. They left their imprint in the traditional Basque society of the
Northern Basque Country, contributing to the rise of cultural and political awareness. In this category falls Mixel Labeguerie, who worked and lived in
591:
Folk instruments widespread in Europe ceased to be used in some places at some point of history and only remained in specific areas, where they took hold and adopted features and a character associated with the region, e.g. the
975:
Awash in the same singing tradition, but shifting towards the refined
European trends prevailing in the higher levels of society, certain Basques became renowned as individual singers. Some soloists worth highlighting include:
910:
music all over the Basque
Country. Church choirs were set up in some towns to meet the religious musical needs. Yet at the turn of the 20th century some ensembles became established outside the ecclesiastical context, e.g. the
1740:
confirmed them as compelling folk references in the Basque
Country and even abroad. Novel trikitixa duos tried new ways that caught on, sometimes setting up bands including bass guitar and drums besides the set pair of
1138:, 1956 ): Composer, organist and musicologist. One of the most important figures in 20th century Spanish music history. Director of the Royal Conservatory of Madrid between 1939 and 1956. Among his most known works is '
1797:
got together in 1994, releasing various albums and touring on Europe, where they come in for good reviews and gradually get a reputation that earned them performances and collaborations with important figures of
1860:, the festive band Sustraia attained great popularity after 15 years on the road, while the sudden death of charismatic frontman Patrick Mixelena in January 2009, a.k.a. Mixu, made the group's future uncertain.
947:
a cheerful informal initiative has grown popular with amateurs in the late noughties, who meet once a month and go bar hopping around the streets of the respective Old
Quarters while singing traditional songs.
1018:
has been home to various notable composers, writing mainly in the 20th century. Much in step with the artistic trends of the first half of the century (painting,...), some of them developed a liking for
1362:
Lourdes
Iriondo took up singing accompanied on a guitar for the first time in Basque music, a fact that came in for much criticism on the grounds that the instrument was alien to the native culture. "
939:, established in 1966, featuring Basque folk music and Aita Donostia's several scores. Nowadays many minor choral ensembles, largely offering the Basque folk repertoire, dot the Basque territory. In
1007:
1103:
and musicians of the Late Romanticism, he found inspiration and phrases for his compositions in Basque folklore. His rich musical education enabled him to deal with different types of music, e.g.
1636:. Duncan Dhu especially attained big levels of popularity on the Spanish and international pop scene, giving rise to a tradition in ensuing years that was to be called "Donosti Sound" (Le Mans,
1452:
in 1973, released in 1979) alongside Errobi, while especially in the traditional Northern Basque Country some lashed out at his looks, manners and music. He alternately performed onstage in
1418:, while in the Northern Basque Country Michel Ducau and Anje Duhalde teamed up and put together the first Basque rock band, the celebrated and politically committed Errobi, releasing album
1343:, etc. He was to have influence on the new artistic Basque artist collective "Ez dok amairu" put together in 1965, largely made up of folk singer-songwriters concerned with Basque culture:
770:, and its literature was first recorded in writing in the 16th century. There are ballads dating from the 15th century that have been passed from parents to children by word of mouth, e.g.
963:. This may stem from summer ecclesiastic seminaries and they thrived on the warm atmosphere of the bars after the work shift was over. Eventually a branch of this genre evolved out into
1840:
The bands Skalariak (1994) and Betagarri (1992) took over the ska tradition, offering boogie inciting and swinging live concerts. In step with other multicultural experiences, such as
1624:
Other bands of the late 1980s stack to a different path, gentle and even naïve, using Spanish-language lyrics and combining Spanish and international pop trends, take for instance,
1848:
or festive Joxe Ripiau to highlight but a few, in 2003 members of Etsaiak put together Pin pan pun band, a band with good connections in Latin America, releasing in 2005 the DVD
1467:, a milestone in Basque folk-pop music, was formed in 1978, with Juan Carlos Perez as its lead vocalist and front-man, releasing that very year the critically acclaimed album
1825:), jumped into spotlight in 1995 after winning the bootleg contest "Gaztea Sariak" granted by radio station Euskadi Gaztea, while the definite hit came in 1996 with single
2602:
413:
1728:
Early in the 1990s, younger generations took up folk again, finding a public that was eager to listen to milder tunes in Basque, e.g. Sorotan Bele, Mikel Markez, etc.
1430:
considering signing up a contract with them. The group disbanded (not definitely) at the top of their popularity (1979); the split came to be regarded as a "suicide".
559:
Basque traditional music is a product of the region's historic development and strategic geographical position on the Atlantic arch at a crossroads between mountains (
1992:
The singer-songwriter approach that waned in the late 1980s shows presently a sound condition in the Basque scene, with some very outstanding figures, like poignant
1867:
in 1986, releasing thereafter various albums during a period that spans more than 20 years. They deal with everyday and personal subjects in a rather poetic manner.
625:
Most instruments adopted in rural and folk circles do not go back more than six centuries, with some having been introduced as late as the 19th century, such as the
575:. Its culture and music has thus been exposed to a wide number of influences throughout history, ranging from British and northern European to Mediterranean to
1898:, youths from university gathered together in the mid-90s to rehearse. Yet they were in need of a singer for the band, so they fixed up a casting meeting with
2163:
2140:
1061:/San Sebastian, 1887–1915): He is considered along with J. Guridi the father of Basque opera. He drew up orchestral and chamber pieces, like the celebrated
1875:'s frontman Fito Cabrales, comprising a variety of styles ranging soul, blues, swing, flamenco, tex-mex or Hawaiian guitars. The project kicked off with
1733:
1597:
This new musical trend clashed with the previous singer-songwriter tradition (generation gap), with both linking to different degrees to the leftist and
1414:
In the same city, the prolific band Oskorri (see above) got together featuring folk music, launching first album in 1976, where they paid homage to poet
810:
shows long verses that, while deceptively fashioned in metres resembling those used in Romance poetry, follow an internal rhythmic pattern similar to a
1331:
and a founder of Basque nationalist movement Embata (he walked out later). He had a musical education, soaked up the new European musical trends, e.g.
2190:
1555:
2641:
2043:(born 1947) provides an experimental approach, often featuring improvised passages in his performances (several albums released in the 1990s).
873:
1981:
1594:, Zer Bizio, Delirium Tremens, etc. Most of the times Spanish language was used, sometimes Basque, while other times bands were bilingual.
1579:
1446:
came back to the Basque Country from Paris with brand-new ideas about music in 1972, so turning into a forerunner of Basque rock music (
2345:
1910:
took off boosted by Amaia's mighty voice and catchy soft tunes trimmed with beautiful arrangements. New hit songs and albums followed.
1388:
666:
1275:, he jumped onto the Spanish and international scene with light-hearted songs in Spanish and French (and, occasionally, in Basque).
501:
2320:
2083:
1953:
2609:
2636:
1015:
877:
597:
388:
2261:
895:
player and singer, he collected old songs and fashioned new ones, which eventually caught on and spread, take for instance,
2109:
2399:
778:, which relates events six centuries ago and has come down to us in different versions (the best known was popularized by
87:
1691:
fell much in decay, while reggae as well as hardcore took over, e.g. Anestesia, Etsaiak, Sociedad Alkoholika, Su Ta Gar (
1160:
for piano; he was then only fourteen years old, but already played the organ in the school parish. In 1896 he joined the
1852:, which bore witness to their experience and live powerful concerts. Etsaiak got together again in 2008 (launched album
370:
2501:
1753:), e.g. Maixa eta Ixiar, Alaitz eta Maider, Gozategi. They usually offered a cheerful repertoire, with Gozategi's song
2422:
2480:
2461:
2232:
1278:
After the hardest postwar years, the younger generation set about putting together duos and small musical groups in
2167:
2136:
861:, two religious scholars interested in Basque folk culture, at the turn of the 20th century; and also later on, in
854:
2039:, i.e. the couple Mixel Ducau and Caroline Phillips, offers gentle and elaborate folk music, while percussionist
766:
The Basque people are especially given to singing. Basque language has stuck to the oral tradition stronger than
518:
448:
137:
643:, a difficult double clarinet played in a circular breathing technique similar to that used for the Sardinian
1206:
316:
1335:, folk music from England and France, and released an album in 1961 with songs that struck a chord, such as
959:
region: Eight men with deep voices, with a marked taste for local and folk subjects, singing in Spanish and
2505:
494:
2197:
2012:
Mikel Urdangarin, featuring somewhat melancholic songs often accompanied on string and brass instruments.
900:
842:
167:
1264:
799:
1142:
March' ('Marcha de San Ignacio'), the patron saint of Biscay and Gipuzkoa. In 1894, he studied in the
551:
1742:
1427:
1328:
715:
25:
2036:
1107:, opera, compositions for choir as well as religious pieces for organ. Some acclaimed works include
912:
1996:, renowned for her intense, heartbreaking voice and songs, who is now taking off (live recording
1500:
1408:
1319:
1087:, 1881 – Madrid, 1961): Himself a friend of Usandizaga, whom he met in Paris while attending the
1044:
701:
596:
or tabor pipe in widespread use in Europe ultimately resulted in two specific instruments in the
487:
347:
443:
51:
1879:(40,000 albums sold so far) and grew steadily in popularity, one of the latest hit song being
798:, sets of poems with a characteristic rhythmic pattern that could be sung: this is similar to
579:. For example, traditional overseas commerce with England, or international pilgrimage on the
2631:
2595:
2028:
in 2007, about to celebrate the ensemble's 35 anniversary). The celebrated singer-songwriter
1886:
1868:
1857:
1054:
120:
2349:
1976:
916:
1903:
1802:
all over the world. In August 2017, the band announced the recording of its ninth album at
1637:
560:
1757:("Emoixtaxux muxutxuek...") hitting the summer charts in 2000 beyond language boundaries.
1271:
and his powerful tenor voice should be highlighted. Born in Irun and moving in his 20s to
876:, Ruper Ordorika and Bixente Martinez) has chosen several ancient songs from all over the
157:
8:
1567:
1516:
1407:
and two sisters of her. They soon gained public notability by ranking second at the 1973
758:
378:
311:
125:
408:
2087:
1794:
1598:
1238:
1139:
689:
418:
393:
1168:
2476:
2457:
2228:
1830:
1803:
1692:
1591:
1224:
980:
960:
767:
572:
337:
115:
2372:
990:
2017:
1993:
1778:
1563:
1344:
1332:
1192:
1161:
1027:
807:
779:
468:
423:
261:
241:
193:
1246:
1135:
1006:
887:
and the folk song revival of the 20th century is Pierre Bordazaharre (1907–1979),
256:
2578:
2257:
1937:
1928:
1841:
1770:
group project, i.e. the original brass band Karidadeko Benta (first album 2003).
1583:
1434:
1356:
1324:
1232:
1218:
1088:
1084:
1038:
593:
580:
529:
301:
266:
177:
130:
110:
105:
100:
95:
2113:
1872:
1732:
schools finally bore fruit in the 1990s: The novelties brought about by the duo
1609:(three more LP albums followed), featuring internationally acclaimed songs like
1080:
721:
2583:
2395:
1629:
1415:
1077:, 1914). He had his increasingly successful career cut short by an early death.
903:
plays in the tradition of Soule, reshaping the pastoral and adding new topics.
837:
540:
203:
2064:
1701:
to critical acclaim, featuring styles ranging from hardcore to gentle tracks.
1696:
1682:
1447:
1318:
Some people from the southern Basque Country fled the territory to the French
931:(founded in 1947), made up of men and sometimes putting on performances as an
2625:
2044:
2040:
2001:
1957:
1899:
1790:
1605:
kept its low-profile musical path switching to pop in the accomplished album
1539:
1378:) and Gorka Knörr struck a chord with a more folkloric and nuanced approach.
1363:
1242:
1214:
1182:
1020:
872:
In the present day, the band Hiru Truku (comprising the celebrated musicians
858:
398:
383:
246:
162:
34:
2032:, considered a father figure of modern Basque music, died in December 2008.
1833:
band Latzen came to public prominence after winning with the popular ballad
2426:
1932:
know-how have confirmed several bands as compelling references as of 2014:
1845:
1737:
1678:
1508:
1404:
1268:
741:
326:
321:
251:
226:
182:
608:. Accordingly, different instruments may have evolved out of one, such as
2029:
1945:
1822:
1443:
1352:
1348:
463:
236:
1305:
659:, a wooden percussion device akin to the txalaparta associated with the
2009:
1818:
1799:
1767:
1746:
1625:
1587:
1456:(dancing music in local festivals) with the band Minxoriak up to 1994.
1392:
1147:
936:
924:
850:
791:
676:
656:
650:
630:
576:
458:
403:
1327:, its mayor for more than a decade (1965–1980), Councillor General of
2545:
2496:
1771:
1729:
1708:
1688:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1396:
815:
794:, were kept in popular memory, and were transmitted in the so-called
725:
707:
692:, a double sided, portable flat drum played together with aerophones.
644:
626:
306:
271:
825:
2048:
1895:
1807:
1783:
1653:
1633:
1559:
1279:
1272:
1228:
1210:
1196:
1172:
1156:
1131:
1104:
1066:
1058:
1031:
944:
928:
920:
731:
704:, a vertical stringed drum played usually together with the xirula.
612:
564:
276:
231:
2196:. Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia. Archived from
2166:. Festival Internacional de Ochotes de Portugalete. Archived from
1367:
1289:
1030:(1462–1523): Composer of the Renaissance hailing from the area of
1010:
J.M. Usandizaga, a celebrated Basque composer (early 20th century)
923:(founded in 1928). Later on, other ensembles were formed, such as
888:
2021:
2005:
1961:
1925:
1918:
1670:
1648:
1571:
1531:
1460:
1375:
1371:
1186:
994:
984:
951:
Another Basque choral phenomenon is represented by the so-called
940:
830:
609:
583:
added greatly to leave an imprint in both instruments and tunes.
473:
453:
296:
221:
73:
65:
2016:
of Basque folk music have kept on performing and creating, e.g.
2000:
released in 2008). Other singer-songwriters include Petti, from
1913:
698:, a three-hole flute, shorter and more high-pitched than txistu.
653:, a wooden xylophone-like percussion instrument for two players.
2550:
2537:
1985:
1965:
1949:
1933:
1864:
1814:
1715:
1480:
1400:
1283:
1200:
1176:
1151:
1100:
1092:
1048:
956:
892:
787:
695:
672:
640:
605:
601:
544:
211:
2512:
Badok, information on Basque music run by the daily newspaper
1704:
1980:
Hertzainak's reunion concert staged by Gari eta Josu Zabala (
1941:
1602:
1464:
1439:
1297:
907:
884:
845:, traditional sung theatre of Soule, focused on Etxahun-Iruri
775:
735:
660:
616:
534:
216:
172:
1632:), 21 Japonesas or Sanchis y Jocano, bands from the area of
1527:
1575:
568:
2470:
1189:, 1875 – Paris, 1937): Basque French composer and arranger
849:
It follows that traditional singing is closely related to
802:. So, for example, the first work of literature in Basque
2511:
1677:), and soon after brothers Muguruza put together project
1491:
790:. These ballads were crafted and spread by minstrels or
669:, a percussion instrument made of horizontal metal bars.
2227:. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Ediciones AIANAI. pp. 114–115.
1258:
636:
Some traditional Basque instruments are the following:
1971:
1483:
delivered a couple of good albums during this period.
983:(1764–1823): An early soloist thriving on the heat of
2456:. Idaho Arts Archives & Research Center Filer P.
2451:
1760:
829:
Holding hands in the traditional Saint Agatha's Eve (
1538:
Some popular bands jumping onto the rock scene were
1403:
should be highlighted, founded in 1967 initially by
822:, with singers dressing up in traditional costumes.
547:
players and a tambourine man playing a tune together
1789:In step with the hardcore punk tradition, the band
1507:At the same time, a whole network of youth squats,
1426:ensued, probably its best, with the record company
883:A key figure bridging the old singing tradition of
997:tenor from Roncal with an outstanding tenor voice.
935:(see below), or the reputed Coral Andra Mari from
919:(founded in 1897) or the Coral Santa Cecilia from
2008:), with four albums published up to 2008, or the
1817:), who showed a taste for metal and hard sounds (
571:basin), ocean and inland, European continent and
2623:
1829:, earning them widespread recognition. Likewise
1486:
2373:""APURTU ARTE", ETSAIAK-EN ZORTZIGARREN DISKOA"
2112:. Euskadiko Zortzikote Elkartea. Archived from
1069:as well as opera works at the end of his life (
1499:Up to that point, Basque music bands from the
1381:
1313:
2603:
2222:
1782:Berri Txarrak in the youth squat Kortxoenea,
1687:, that conjures up American hip-hop manners.
495:
1723:
1387:ongoing Western musical trends, e.g. folk (
967:(up to the 1960s, nowadays much in decay).
955:, which became popular in the 1930s in the
2610:
2596:
2497:Basque Music and Art (Buber's Basque Page)
1471:, which contained such poignant tracks as
502:
488:
1837:the 1997 edition of the "Gaztea Sariak".
1253:
800:traditional practices elsewhere in Europe
1975:
1912:
1885:
1777:
1714:
1703:
1647:
1643:
1526:
1490:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1213:/San Sebastian, 1912–2002), composer of
1150:, in which he composed two of his first
1005:
836:
824:
757:
734:, a Navarre-based pipe belonging to the
622:, with slight differences between them.
550:
539:
528:
2321:"Berri Txarrak, disko berria grabatzen"
2642:Music of Spain by autonomous community
2624:
2425:. Producciones Serrano. Archived from
1766:collaborated with other singers and a
686:, and usually accompanying the txistu.
2318:
2309:Lopez Aguirre, E. (2009), pp. 356-357
2300:Lopez Aguirre, E. (2009), pp. 291-292
2291:Lopez Aguirre, E. (2009), pp. 121-123
2282:Lopez Aguirre, E. (2009), pp. 161-164
2247:Lopez Aguirre, E. (2009), pp. 123-124
1695:), etc. M-ak launched its best album
1422:(1975) to critic and public acclaim,
970:
389:Basque Country national football team
16:Music of the Basque region and people
1259:Postwar desolation and first sprouts
869:(1922), to mention but a few works.
753:
748:
524:
2471:Martija, José Antonio Aran (1985).
1972:Singer-songwriters and gentle music
1666:mind to trends all over the world.
867:Euskal Eres-Sorta. Cancionero Vasco
724:, usually played together with the
13:
2445:
1761:Specialization and diversification
533:Txistu ensemble in the streets of
14:
2653:
2490:
2143:from the original on 7 April 2008
1902:that resulted in the creation of
1293:Mixel Labeguerie during the 1960s
1063:Cuarteto de cuerda en Sol, Op. 31
2402:from the original on 3 July 2008
2264:from the original on 14 May 2008
1395:,...). As regards choral bands,
1351:(popular song "Txoriak txori"),
744:, an instrument made of ox horn.
555:Txalaparta players in a festival
517:refers to the music made in the
33:
2415:
2388:
2365:
2338:
2319:Velez, Nacho (21 August 2017).
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2065:A footage of Saint Agatha's Eve
1871:(Bilbao) was formed in 1998 by
1023:customs, manners and subjects.
2452:Khteian-Keeton, Teddy (1994).
2276:
2250:
2241:
2216:
2191:"Mixel Labeguerie (1921–1980)"
2183:
2156:
2139:. Coral Andra Mari Abesbatza.
2129:
2102:
2076:
1669:The flagship Basque rock band
1221:, operas with Basque librettos
1091:, he was appointed manager of
586:
138:History of the Basque language
1:
2348:. MONDOSONORO. Archived from
2223:Lopez Aguirre, Elena (2009).
2070:
1998:Anari Kafe Antzokian Zuzenean
1673:broke up in 1988 (live album
1660:
1487:The rise of Basque punk music
1099:choir in 1912. Influenced by
906:There is also a tradition of
899:. He also contributed to new
317:Maskarada (carnival of Soule)
2637:Music of French subdivisions
2506:Choral Public Domain Library
2137:"Coral Andra Mari Abesbatza"
1917:Anari at the youth squat of
1906:, who after launching album
1534:onstage in their early years
1391:for one), progressive rock (
1001:
819:
7:
2502:Free scores of Basque music
1863:Doctor Deseo was set up in
1775:staged a comeback in 2013.
1719:Skalariak in a 2006 concert
1582:, Cicatriz and Potato from
1382:A shift towards urban music
1314:Music as identity assertion
855:Resurrección María de Azkue
168:Pastoral (theatre of Soule)
10:
2658:
2258:"Basque Progressive Music"
2153:Site in Basque and Spanish
2126:Site in Basque and Spanish
2058:
1956:('minus seven', Gernika),
1652:A Negu Gorriak concert in
1433:Beginning in the mid-60s,
1121:Seis canciones castellanas
2086:. Xarnege. Archived from
1968:), to mention but a few.
1890:La Oreja de Van Gogh live
1743:diatonic button accordion
1615:As Noites da Radio Lisboa
716:diatonic button accordion
561:Cantabrian mountain range
26:Culture of Basque Country
1850:Kuba-Mexiko Rock Tour 04
1724:Folk and triki pop music
1309:Benito Lertxundi in 1971
1065:, shifting to elaborate
913:Sociedad Coral de Bilbao
863:Cancionero popular vasco
804:Linguæ Vasconum Primitiæ
762:Basque traditional choir
2524:Music of Basque regions
2225:Historia del Rock Vasco
2047:(born 1947 in Zubieta -
1590:, Naste Borraste, MCD,
1501:Southern Basque Country
1409:Eurovision Song Contest
1320:Northern Basque Country
1175:/San Sebastian, 1897 –
1045:Juan Crisostomo Arriaga
1989:
1924:The band hailing from
1921:
1891:
1786:
1720:
1712:
1657:
1535:
1496:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1254:Basque musical revival
1037:Santiago de Herdoiza (
1011:
846:
834:
763:
556:
548:
537:
52:History of the Basques
2475:. Basque Government.
2454:Guide to Basque Music
2164:"Historia del Ochote"
1979:
1916:
1889:
1869:Fito y los Fitipaldis
1858:French Basque Country
1781:
1718:
1707:
1651:
1644:Current popular music
1628:(with leading figure
1601:movement. Meanwhile,
1574:and Baldin Bada from
1530:
1495:Rock band Zarama live
1494:
1308:
1301:Group "Ez dok amairu"
1300:
1292:
1055:Jose Maria Usandizaga
1051:, 1806 – Paris, 1826)
1009:
840:
828:
761:
554:
543:
532:
2110:"OLDARRA (Biarritz)"
2084:"Basque Instruments"
1940:), We Are Standard (
1904:La Oreja de Van Gogh
1638:La Oreja de Van Gogh
1449:Euskal Rock&Roll
1113:Diez melodías vascas
633:is not one of them.
2396:"Fito y Fitipaldis"
1711:player Joseba Tapia
1517:Basque Radical Rock
1479:etc. Akin ensemble
1263:In the wake of the
1144:Colegio Preceptoría
915:(founded in 1886),
379:Basque rural sports
350:and performing arts
126:Aquitanian language
1990:
1922:
1892:
1881:Rojitas las orejas
1787:
1721:
1713:
1658:
1599:Basque nationalist
1536:
1522:Rock Radical Vasco
1497:
1341:Primaderako liliak
1311:
1303:
1295:
1239:Javier Bello-Portu
1207:Francisco Escudero
1125:Sinfonía pirenaica
1012:
971:Classical soloists
917:Orfeón Donostiarra
847:
835:
820:Saint Agatha's Eve
764:
557:
549:
538:
419:Biarritz Olympique
414:Basque Rugby union
394:Athletic de Bilbao
2620:
2619:
2566:
2560:
1804:The Blasting Room
1734:Tapia eta Leturia
1675:Azken guda dantza
1550:, hard rock band
1374:, Enrike Zelaia (
1337:Gu gira Euskadiko
1225:Sebastian Iradier
987:'s Enlightenment.
981:Pierre-Jean Garat
925:Oldarra Abesbatza
891:Etxahun Iruri. A
772:Ozaze Jaurgainian
768:Romance languages
754:A collective soul
749:Singing tradition
573:Iberian Peninsula
525:Traditional music
512:
511:
116:Navarro-Aragonese
2649:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2565:
2559:
2520:
2519:
2486:
2467:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2346:"PiLT, Al Grano"
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2018:Benito Lertxundi
1877:A puerta cerrada
1564:La Polla Records
1345:Benito Lertxundi
1193:Carmelo Bernaola
1162:Society of Jesus
1028:Juan de Anchieta
808:Bernard Etxepare
780:Benito Lertxundi
504:
497:
490:
469:Gernikako Arbola
424:Aviron Bayonnais
409:Deportivo Alavés
312:Saint John's Eve
302:Basque festivals
262:Espelette pepper
257:Irouléguy (wine)
242:Idiazabal cheese
37:
28:
21:
20:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2493:
2483:
2464:
2448:
2446:Further reading
2443:
2439:Site in Spanish
2432:
2430:
2429:on 7 April 2008
2423:"Amaia Zubiria"
2421:
2420:
2416:
2412:Site in Spanish
2405:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2362:Site in Spanish
2355:
2353:
2352:on 8 April 2008
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2221:
2217:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2180:Site in Spanish
2173:
2171:
2170:on 8 April 2008
2162:
2161:
2157:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2119:
2117:
2116:on 8 April 2008
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2090:on 8 April 2008
2082:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2061:
1974:
1842:Fermin Muguruza
1813:The band PiLT (
1763:
1726:
1663:
1646:
1584:Vitoria-Gasteiz
1556:Tijuana in Blue
1489:
1459:In the area of
1435:Imanol Larzabal
1384:
1357:Lourdes Iriondo
1316:
1261:
1256:
1233:Vitoria-Gasteiz
1169:Pablo Sorozábal
1130:Nemesio Otaño (
1089:Schola Cantorum
1085:Vitoria-Gasteiz
1075:Las Golondrinas
1004:
993:(1844–1890): A
973:
756:
751:
663:making process.
594:three-hole pipe
589:
581:Way of St James
527:
508:
479:
478:
439:
438:
429:
428:
374:
373:
362:
361:
352:
351:
332:
331:
292:
291:
282:
281:
267:Piquillo pepper
207:
206:
188:
187:
178:Mus (card game)
153:
152:
143:
142:
131:Basque surnames
106:Basque dialects
101:Standard Basque
91:
90:
79:
78:
69:
68:
57:
56:
47:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2573:
2572:
2571:Regional music
2568:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2530:General topics
2527:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2499:
2492:
2491:External links
2489:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2468:
2462:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2414:
2398:. TodoMúsica.
2387:
2385:Site in Basque
2364:
2337:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2249:
2240:
2233:
2215:
2213:Site in Basque
2203:on 4 June 2011
2182:
2155:
2128:
2101:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2057:
1973:
1970:
1960:(Lekunberri),
1827:Hil da jainkoa
1762:
1759:
1725:
1722:
1662:
1659:
1645:
1642:
1630:Mikel Erentxun
1617:or the catchy
1554:and whimsical
1488:
1485:
1416:Gabriel Aresti
1383:
1380:
1329:the department
1315:
1312:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1236:
1222:
1204:
1190:
1180:
1166:
1140:Saint Ignatius
1128:
1097:Sociedad Coral
1078:
1071:Mendi-Mendiyan
1052:
1042:
1035:
1016:Basque Country
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
991:Julián Gayarre
988:
972:
969:
878:Basque Country
796:kopla zaharrak
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
745:
739:
729:
719:
705:
699:
693:
687:
680:
670:
664:
654:
648:
598:Basque Country
588:
585:
567:) and plains (
526:
523:
519:Basque Country
510:
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2627:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2584:Spanish music
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2552:
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2544:
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2536:
2535:
2534:
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2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2482:84-7568-071-2
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2463:0-9675042-0-1
2459:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2374:
2368:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2236:
2234:9788461516049
2230:
2226:
2219:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:Amaia Zubiria
2042:
2041:Benat Achiary
2038:
2035:The ensemble
2033:
2031:
2027:
2024:(fresh album
2023:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1958:Berri Txarrak
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:Amaia Montero
1897:
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1832:
1828:
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1816:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1791:Berri Txarrak
1785:
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1525:
1524:in Spanish).
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1364:Ez Dok Amairu
1360:
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1307:
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1247:San Sebastian
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1184:
1183:Maurice Ravel
1181:
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1174:
1170:
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1136:San Sebastian
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859:Aita Donostia
856:
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827:
823:
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682:Drum, called
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474:Basque stella
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399:Real Sociedad
397:
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384:Basque pelota
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27:
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19:
2632:Basque music
2579:French music
2523:
2513:
2508:(ChoralWiki)
2473:Basque Music
2472:
2453:
2431:. Retrieved
2427:the original
2417:
2404:. Retrieved
2390:
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2350:the original
2340:
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2324:
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2252:
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2198:the original
2185:
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2131:
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2114:the original
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2078:
2052:
2034:
2025:
2014:
1997:
1991:
1923:
1907:
1893:
1880:
1876:
1873:Platero y Tú
1862:
1853:
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1846:Negu Gorriak
1839:
1834:
1826:
1812:
1788:
1764:
1754:
1750:
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1727:
1697:
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1674:
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1618:
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1607:Musikaz blai
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1476:
1472:
1468:
1458:
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1432:
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896:
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874:Joseba Tapia
871:
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803:
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783:
771:
765:
742:Blowing horn
711:
683:
635:
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619:
590:
558:
515:Basque music
514:
513:
449:Coat of arms
357:Basque music
356:
327:Aberri Eguna
322:Herri Urrats
252:Rioja (wine)
227:Basque cider
183:Basque dance
121:Erromintxela
18:
2030:Mikel Laboa
1946:Atom Rhumba
1908:Dile al sol
1854:Apurtu arte
1831:heavy metal
1823:Soundgarden
1698:Barkatu ama
1684:Radio Rahim
1586:, Jotakie,
1477:Lau teilatu
1444:Niko Etxart
1424:Bizi bizian
1353:Xabier Lete
1349:Mikel Laboa
1123:(1939) and
965:bilbainadas
865:(1918) and
851:bertsolaris
792:bertsolaris
714:, a lively
587:Instruments
464:Zazpiak Bat
237:Cider house
2626:Categories
2379:7 February
2268:5 February
2207:5 February
2174:3 February
2147:3 February
2120:3 February
2071:References
2026:Banda band
2010:bertsolari
1982:Euskalduna
1856:). In the
1819:Clawfinger
1806:studio in
1800:indie rock
1795:Lekunberri
1768:bertsolari
1747:tambourine
1661:New trends
1626:Duncan Dhu
1619:Marea gora
1580:Hertzainak
1393:Pink Floyd
1148:Baliarrain
1109:El caserío
1041:, c. 1700)
937:Errenteria
818:) and the
806:(1545) by
784:Alostorrea
722:Tambourine
712:eskusoinua
675:, a local
657:Kirikoketa
651:Txalaparta
631:txalaparta
459:Laurak Bat
404:CA Osasuna
338:Literature
151:Traditions
2546:Trikitixa
2542:Musicians
2330:29 August
1772:Power pop
1751:triki pop
1730:Trikitixa
1709:Trikitixa
1552:Barricada
1548:Santurtzi
1544:Eskorbuto
1511:gaztetxes
1442:parents,
1397:Mocedades
1265:Civil War
1245:, 1920 –
1231:, 1809 –
1199:, 1929 –
1134:, 1880 –
1002:Composers
995:Navarrese
816:Olentzero
726:trikitixa
708:Trikitixa
702:Ttun-ttun
645:launeddas
627:trikitixa
610:Navarrese
307:Olentzero
290:Festivals
272:Marmitako
194:Mythology
88:Languages
2400:Archived
2375:. ENTZUN
2262:Archived
2141:Archived
2094:13 March
2055:(2008).
2049:Gipuzkoa
1929:Delorean
1896:Donostia
1808:Colorado
1784:Donostia
1654:Pamplona
1634:Donostia
1611:To Alice
1560:Pamplona
1454:verbenas
1440:Souletin
1333:Brassens
1280:Gipuzkoa
1273:Bordeaux
1229:Lanciego
1219:Gernika)
1211:Donostia
1197:Otxandio
1173:Donostia
1157:zortziko
1152:litanies
1132:Azkoitia
1119:(1929),
1117:La meiga
1115:(1940),
1111:(1926),
1105:zarzuela
1073:, 1910:
1067:zarzuela
1059:Donostia
1032:Azpeitia
945:Donostia
929:Biarritz
921:Donostia
901:pastoral
843:pastoral
732:Dulzaina
684:danbolin
620:txanbela
617:Souletin
613:dulzaina
604:and the
565:Pyrenees
277:Piperade
232:Patxaran
2504:in the
2433:7 March
2406:7 March
2356:7 March
2059:Samples
2022:Oskorri
2006:Navarre
1988:, 2019)
1962:Capsula
1938:Gernika
1926:Zarautz
1919:Ordizia
1835:Laztana
1755:Nirekin
1671:Kortatu
1640:,...).
1572:Kortatu
1568:Agurain
1532:Kortatu
1473:Hilzori
1461:Mutriku
1389:Gwendal
1376:Altsasu
1372:Navarre
1359:, etc.
1249:, 2004)
1235:, 1865)
1203:, 2002)
1179:, 1988)
1165:pieces.
1127:(1945).
1039:Durango
985:Labourd
953:ochotes
941:Bayonne
831:Altsasu
786:, from
738:family.
667:Toberak
454:Lauburu
437:Symbols
297:Korrika
222:Txakoli
204:Cuisine
74:Basques
45:History
2551:Txistu
2538:Alboka
2514:Berria
2479:
2460:
2231:
2037:Bidaia
1986:Bilbao
1966:Bilbao
1950:Bilbao
1934:Gatibu
1865:Bilbao
1815:Mungia
1656:(1992)
1540:Zarama
1481:Haizea
1420:Errobi
1401:Bilbao
1284:Biscay
1243:Tolosa
1201:Madrid
1187:Ziburu
1177:Madrid
1154:and a
1101:Wagner
1093:Bilbao
1049:Bilbao
1021:Basque
961:Basque
957:Bilbao
933:ochote
908:choral
893:xirula
788:Biscay
782:), or
696:Xirula
690:Atabal
673:Txistu
641:Alboka
606:xirula
602:txistu
600:: the
577:Arabic
545:Alboka
212:Pincho
158:Fueros
111:Gascon
96:Basque
66:People
2201:(PDF)
2194:(PDF)
2053:Nabil
2020:, or
1994:Anari
1954:Ken 7
1942:Getxo
1844:from
1793:from
1693:heavy
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1566:from
1558:from
1546:from
1469:Itoiz
1465:Itoiz
1399:from
1368:Álava
1325:Kanbo
1215:Zigor
927:from
885:Soule
812:kopla
776:Soule
774:from
736:shawm
661:cider
535:Leioa
371:Sport
348:Music
217:Txoko
173:Beret
2477:ISBN
2458:ISBN
2435:2008
2408:2008
2381:2008
2358:2008
2332:2017
2325:EITB
2270:2008
2229:ISBN
2209:2008
2176:2008
2149:2008
2122:2008
2096:2008
2002:Bera
1745:and
1736:and
1689:Punk
1576:Irun
1542:and
1509:the
1370:and
1282:and
1217:and
1014:The
943:and
857:and
677:pipe
615:and
569:Ebro
444:Flag
1952:),
1944:),
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1592:BAP
1588:RIP
1428:CBS
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710:or
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