1572:
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1237:
2268:
2288:
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1873:
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9900:
2470:
2304:
9860:
3901:
2007:
3453:
5966:
9907:
3078:
3120:
6176:
3166:
3208:
47:
3032:
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3250:
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4403:
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4888:
5540:
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7678:"Slaves purchased by the indigenous elites, Spanish and Hokkiens of the colony seemed drawn most often from South Asia, particularly Bengal and South India, and less so, from other sources, such as East Africa, Brunei, Makassar, and Java..." Chapter 2 "Rural Ethnic Diversity" Page 164 Translated from: "Inmaculada Alva Rodríguez, Vida municipal en Manila (siglos xvi–xvii) (Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 1997), 31, 35–36."
2367:
930:
2892:
6204:
3560:
8038:
1529:. His father and wife carried on his maritime trading business after his death. Another important Malacca trader was Curia de Raja who also hailed from Luzon. The "surname" of "de Raja" or "diraja" could indicate that Regimo and Curia, and their families, were of noble or royal descent as the term is an abbreviation of Sanskrit
1659:, which were then exported back to the Americas. The Chinese valued Luzon so much, in that when talking about Spain and the Spanish-Americas, they preferred to call it as "Dao Lusong" (Greater Luzon) while the original Luzon was referred to as "Xiao (Small) Lusong" to refer to not only Luzon but the whole Philippines.
1552:, Lusung/Luções warriors aided the Burmese king in his invasion of Siam in 1547 AD. At the same time, Lusong warriors fought alongside the Siamese king and faced the same elephant army of the Burmese king in the defence of the Siamese capital at Ayutthaya. Luções military and trade activity reached as far as
7754:
Garcia de los Arcos has noted that the
Regiment of the King, which had absorbed a large percentage of Mexican recruits and deportees between the 1770s and 1811, became the bastion of discontent supporting the Novales mutiny. ~Garcia de los Arcos, "Criollismo y conflictividad en Filipinas a principios
7564:
Within the walls, there were some six hundred houses of a private nature, most of them built of stone and tile, and an equal number outside in the suburbs, or "arrabales," all occupied by
Spaniards ("todos son vivienda y poblacion de los Españoles"). This gives some twelve hundred Spanish families or
1539:
noted that a number of Luções in the
Islamic fleets went to battle with the Portuguese in the Philippines during the 16th century. The Sultan of Aceh gave one of them (Sapetu Diraja) the task of holding Aru (northeast Sumatra) in 1540. Pinto also says one was named leader of the Malays remaining in
968:
Traditional milling was accomplished in the 1900s by pounding the palay with a wooden pestle in a stone or wooden mortar called lusong. The first pounding takes off the hull and further pounding removes the bran but also breaks most grains. Further winnowing with a bamboo tray (bilao) separates the
3537:
blocks. Using seismic and geodetic data, Luzon was modeled by
Galgana et al. (2007) as a series of six micro blocks or micro plates (separated by subduction zones and intra-arc faults), all translating and rotating in different directions, with maximum velocities ~100 mm/yr NW with respect to
1954:
due to rising nationalist movements across the world's many colonies. Subsequently, the
Philippines gained independence from the United States. Luzon then arose to become the most developed island in the Philippines. However, the lingering poverty and inequality caused by the long dictatorship of
1717:
Newcomers who were impoverished
Mexicans and peninsulares were accused of undermining the submission of the natives. In 1774, authorities from Bulacan, Tondo, Laguna Bay, and other areas surrounding Manila reported with consternation that discharged soldiers and deserters (from Mexico, Spain and
6164:. Industry is concentrated in and around the urban areas of Metro Manila while agriculture predominates in the other regions of the island producing crops such as rice, bananas, mangoes, coconuts, pineapple, and coffee. Other sectors include livestock raising, tourism, mining, and fishing.
1733:
In the 1600s, Fr. Joaqin
Martinez de Zuñiga, conducted a census of the Archdiocese of Manila which held most of Luzon under its spiritual care, and he reported 90,243 native Filipino tributes; 10,512 Chinese (Sangley) and mixed Chinese Filipino mestizo tributes; and 10,517 mixed
3517:
to the northwestern part of the island. This fault system takes up part of the motion due to the subducting plates and produces large earthquakes. Southwest of Luzon is a collision zone where the
Palawan micro-block collides with SW Luzon, producing a highly seismic zone near
969:
hull from the rice grains. This traditional hand-pounding chore, although very laborious and resulted in a lot of broken rice, required two to three skilled men and women to work harmoniously and was actually a form of socializing among young folks in the villages.
1888:, the Philippines were considered to be of great strategic importance because their capture by Japan would pose a significant threat to the U.S. As a result, 135,000 troops and 227 aircraft were stationed in the Philippines by October 1941. Luzon was captured by
7565:
establishments, exclusive of the religious, who in Manila numbered at least one hundred and fifty, the garrison, at certain times, about four hundred trained
Spanish soldiers who had seen service in Holland and the Low Countries, and the official classes.
1979:
where the US granted them asylum. The following administrations are subsequently managing the political and economic recovery of the
Philippines with the particular aim of spreading development outside of Luzon and into the more isolated provinces of the
6319:
3834:
1544:
notes that one of them was in command of the Brunei fleet in 1521. However, the Luções did not only fight on the side of the Muslims. Pinto says they were also apparently among the natives of the Philippines who fought the Muslims in 1538.
7652:
7671:
6556:
2386:, the largest in the island in terms of land area. The plain, approximately 11,000 square kilometres (4,200 sq mi) in size, is the country's largest producer of rice, and is irrigated by two major rivers; the
8152:
8113:
6773:
2322:
7755:
del siglo XIX," in El lejano Oriente espanol: Filipinas ( ˜ Siglo XIX). Actas, ed. Paulino Castaneda ˜ Delgado and Antonio Garcia-Abasolo Gonzalez (Seville: Catedra General Casta ´ nos, ˜ 1997), 586.
1040:
region, where they created intensive contact with the Kapampangans. Eventually, the term "Luzones" would refer to the settlers of Luzon island, and later on, would be exclusive to the peoples of
7586:
1738:
mestizo tributes. Pure Spaniards are not counted as they are exempt from tribute. Out of these, Fr. Joaqin Martinez de Zuñiga estimated a total population count exceeding half a million souls.
1095:
from Taiwan arrived and displaced them. Some of the Austronesian peoples formed highland mountain civilizations, while others formed lowland coastal states. Among the coastal states, some were
8442:
Princess Urduja, Queen of the Orient Seas: Before and After Her Time in the Political Orbit of the Shri-vi-ja-ya and Madjapahit Maritime Empire : a Pre-Hispanic History of the Philippines
1959:, gave rise to the Philippine diaspora and many people from Luzon have migrated elsewhere and had established large overseas communities; mainly in the United States, Hong Kong, Singapore and
7391:
Pires, Tomé, A suma oriental de Tomé Pires e o livro de Francisco Rodriguez: Leitura e notas de Armando Cortesão , translated and edited by Armando Cortesao, Cambridge: Hakluyt Society, 1944.
9849:
6742:
6680:
4277:
2233:, the longest mountain range in the country, abruptly rising a few miles from the coastline. Located in between the Sierra Madre and the Cordillera Central mountain ranges is the large
7649:
6549:"Exacta & Accurata Delineatio cum Orarum Maritimarum tum etjam locorum terrestrium quae in Regionibus China, Cauchinchina, Camboja sive Champa, Syao, Malacca, Arracan & Pegu"
6587:
7668:
9054:. Contributors: Philippine Academy of Social Sciences, Manila, University of the Philippines. College of Liberal Arts. College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines. 1959
1571:
1718:
Peru) were providing Indios military training for the weapons that had been disseminated all over the territory during the British war. There was also continuous immigration of
2267:
8627:
Chinese Elements in the Tagalog Language: With Some Indication of Chinese Influence on Other Philippine Languages and Cultures, and an Excursion Into Austronesian Linguistics
6548:
1221:
or Maidh, described in Chinese and Bruneian records in the 10th century AD, although its location is still unknown and scholars are divided on whether it is in modern-day
8148:
6649:
7400:
Antony, Robert J. Elusive Pirates, Pervasive Smugglers: Violence and Clandestine Trade in the Greater China Seas. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2010. Print, 76.
3769:
in the world. as of 2007, census data showed it had a population of 11,553,427, comprising 13% of the national population. Including suburbs in the adjacent provinces (
10678:
1845:
which the Republic's forces lost due to its diplomatic isolation (no foreign nation recognized the First Republic) as well as due to the numerical superiority of the
10568:
9842:
7132:
1391:). Eventually, the kingdoms of Luzon regained independence from Majapahit after the 1365 Battle of Manila. Sulu also reestablished independence and in vengeance
8743:
Francisco Balagtas and the roots of Filipino nationalism: life and times of the great Filipino poet and his legacy of literary excellence and political activism
6765:
6711:
3953:
10741:
10519:
9835:
9522:
9227:
6946:
3750:
2287:
3385:
Land area figures are the sum of each region's component provinces (and/or independent cities), derived from the National Statistical Coordination Board (
10537:
9736:
9086:. Contributor: University of the Philippines. Institute of Public Administration. Institute of Public Administration, University of the Philippines. 1957
6618:
7032:
5892:
are spread all across Luzon of several generations across the centuries. According to old Spanish censuses, around 1/3rd of the population of Luzon are
7912:
7804:
7578:
3816:
2891:
10625:
2303:
1785:. Novales' uprising was primarily supported by Mexicans living in the Philippines as well as immigrant Latinos from the now independent nations of
6734:
6259:
Figure composed of the eight administrative regions excluding the island provinces of Batanes, Catanduanes, and Masbate and the region MIMAROPA.
1925:
both opposed this idea, arguing that it must wait until victory was certain. MacArthur had to wait two years for his wish; it was 1944 before a
10671:
9115:
Proceedings [of The] Second Biennial Conference, Held at Taiwan Provincial Museum, Taipei, Taiwan. Republic of China, October 6–9, 1962
8197:
7734:
6672:
1910:
A few months after this, MacArthur expressed his belief that an attempt to recapture the Philippines was necessary. The U.S. Pacific Commander
855:, the country's most populous city. With a population of 64 million as of 2021, it contains 52.5% of the country's total population and is the
7352:
3890:
10578:
6023:. Almost inexistent among the general populace, Spanish is still used by the elderly of some families of great tradition (Rizal, Liboro...).
3762:
3522:
island. Southwest Luzon is characterized by a highly volcanic zone, called the Macolod Corridor, a region of crustal thinning and spreading.
8047:
7551:
7409:
Junker, Laura L. Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms. Honolulu: University of Hawaiì Press, 1999.
1257:
7276:
7107:
2579:
2490:
2252:. These mountains form a link between the Cordillera Central and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges, separating the Cagayan Valley from the
1903:—who was in charge of the defense of the Philippines at the time—was ordered to Australia, and the remaining U.S. forces retreated to the
1596:
arrival in the 16th century saw the incorporation of the Luções people and the breaking up of their kingdoms and the establishment of the
9864:
6453:
6579:
6396:
10599:
7431:
10924:
10664:
8852:. Contributor: National Economic Council (Philippines) (revised ed.). Republic of the Philippines, Department of Foreign Affairs
7855:
5603:
1526:
8225:
10734:
10573:
9827:
9515:
9220:
3766:
1414:. China also had vassals among the leaders in the archipelago. China attained ascendancy in trade with the area in Yongle's reign.
8179:
7966:
7934:
6969:
1853:
as a summer retreat for its officials. The Americans also rebuilt the capital, Manila, and established American military bases in
8121:
8072:
6352:
1236:
7702:
1016:
6641:
6020:
3525:
Using geologic and structural data, seven principal blocks were identified in Luzon in 1989: the Sierra Madre Oriental, Angat,
2725:, one of the most important rivers in the country due to its historical significance and because it runs through the center of
2237:. This region, which is known for being the second largest producer of rice and the country's top corn-producer, serves as the
6511:
964:
used in dehusking rice. A 2008 research paper by Eulito Bautista and Evelyn Javier provides an image of a lusong, explaining:
10048:
7634:
7492:
7335:
7222:
6940:
6447:
3809:
7773:
2342:
10893:
10638:
7150:
6056:
1893:
9899:
5939:) there, while a majority of the Koreans and Japanese have mainly settled in the major cities and towns like Koreatown in
3470:, a fast deforming plate boundary zone (Gervasio, 1967) hemmed in between two opposing subduction zones, the west-dipping
10929:
10727:
9508:
9213:
6149:
6012:
1992:, Luzon became a destination of American and Japanese investments, it being the location of the Luzon Economic Corridor.
1782:
1392:
991:
8335:
Antonio, Eleanor D.; Dallo, Evangeline M.; Imperial, Consuelo M.; Samson, Maria Carmelita B.; Soriano, Celia D. (2007).
6485:
1761:
Vietnam and Laos and to re-establish Cambodia as a French Protectorate. This process culminated in the establishment of
85:
9237:
8537:
8509:
8346:
8103:
7055:
1926:
844:
836:
7830:
7128:
10511:
10501:
8751:
8565:
8024:
8004:
7466:
7082:
6891:
6835:
6804:
6390:
3880:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3850:
3845:
818:
8926:. Contributors: Manila (Philippines) University, University of Manila (revised ed.). University of Manila. 1959
7650:"Eva Maria Mehl: Forced migration in the Spanish pacific world: From Mexico to the Philippines, 1765–1811" Page 100.
6989:
2055:
Luzon is roughly divided into four sections; Northern Luzon, Central Luzon, Southern Luzon, and Southeastern Luzon.
10771:
10687:
10630:
10028:
9915:
9771:
9484:
6153:
6068:
5923:) descent (Mostly in Cavite and Manila). Most Americans have settled in Central Luzon's highly urbanized cities of
5625:
3802:
3399:
3281:
2982:
2959:
2924:
2106:
874:
386:
7491:. Primo viaggio intorno al globo terraqueo.English. Translated by J.A. Robertson. Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild.
6703:
2429:
considered to be one of the best natural ports in East Asia, due to its size and strategic geographical location.
9726:
8127:
7939:
7659:
From the original Spanish language source in the archives of Mexico: "CSIC ser. Consultas riel 208 leg.14 (1774)"
7525:"Quest of the Dragon and Bird Clan; The Golden Age (Volume III)" -Lungshanoid (Glossary)- By Paul Kekai Manansala
6823:
6358:
6325:
6052:
3386:
2410:
2001:
1244:(1846), showing "a Tagalog couple pounding rice." The mortar depicted is known as a "lusong", which was also the
6914:
6285:
8299:
8271:
7906:
2898:
1726:
into the rural areas of Luzon: Spanish administrators, native nobles, and Chinese businessmen imported them as
1183:
8040:
Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities
6610:
7418:
Wilkinson, R J. An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary (romanised). London: Macmillan and Co, 1948. Print, 291.
7020:
6072:
5861:
5857:
3739:
2436:
mountain range continues to stretch across the western section of Central Luzon, snaking southwards into the
1198:, based on trade with neighboring Asian political entities, and structured by leases between village rulers (
856:
7669:
Peasants, Servants, and Sojourners: Itinerant Asians in Colonial New Spain, 1571–1720 By Furlong, Matthew J.
6863:
The Summa Oriental of Tomé Pires and the book by Francisco Rodriguez: Reading and notes by Armando Cortesão
2751:, which was once part of a massive prehistoric volcano that covered the southern portion of the province of
2202:
The Cordillera mountain range, which feature the island's north-central section, is covered in a mixture of
10607:
10070:
9479:
8814:. Vol. 1 of Philippine Political and Cultural History (revised ed.). Philippine Education Company
7247:
6971:
Language - a doorway between human cultures : tributes to Dr. Otto Chr. Dahl on his ninetieth birthday
6222:
5960:
2974:
1703:
1505:(Sea Lord)—a governor and chief general responsible for overseeing of maritime trade—by the Portuguese. As
9906:
7893:
7796:
8073:"Total Population and Annual Population Growth Rates by Region: Population Censuses 1995, 2000, and 2007"
6087:
6083:
6046:
5978:
5920:
5869:
5825:
4896:
3943:
3530:
3144:
3056:
2794:, a mountainous and narrow region extending approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) southeast from the
2203:
1842:
1304:
were renowned over others; prices depended on the reputation of the kiln. Of this flourishing trade, the
2016:
Luzon island alone has an area of 109,964.9 square kilometres (42,457.7 sq mi), making it the
10750:
9943:
9876:
9105:
9073:
9041:
9009:
8977:
8945:
7298:
7231:
6217:
6141:
5865:
5802:
5739:
3875:
3855:
2970:
2823:
2433:
2333:
2230:
1846:
1825:
against Spain erupted in Cavite and spread all throughout Luzon and the Philippines. Consequently, the
1750:
1458:
1061:
9197:
1872:
10934:
10493:
9801:
8194:
5936:
3827:
2978:
2196:
1918:
1826:
1585:
1488:
1175:
1057:
917:
are also included, although these three are sometimes grouped with another of the island groups, the
9857:
7728:
6859:
A suma oriental de Tomé Pires e o livro de Francisco Rodriguez: Leitura e notas de Armando Cortesão
8208:
7367:
6091:
4138:
1360:
847:, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city,
17:
1690:
soldiers and sailors were stationed in the naval garrisons there. When the Spanish evacuated from
10583:
9562:
9531:
7545:
6910:
3506:
2017:
1964:
1897:
1757:
being persecuted by their native governments. Eventually, Filipino mercenaries helped the French
1549:
860:
295:
7696:"ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO PRIMERO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)"
3900:
2401:
The western coasts of Central Luzon are typically flat extending east from the coastline to the
1710:
soldiers that mutinied against their British commanders and joined the Spanish, then settled in
9701:
9547:
9408:
7270:
7099:
6064:
6060:
5982:
3467:
3447:
2827:
2763:
1889:
1742:
1687:
1450:
973:
In old Latin, Italian, and Portuguese maps, the island is often called "Luçonia" or "Luconia."
31:
7450:
7169:"From Quanzhou to the Sulu Zone and beyond: Questions Related to the Early Fourteenth Century"
6437:
3494:
subducts under eastern Luzon along the East Luzon Trench and the Philippine Trench, while the
1536:
10303:
9706:
9623:
9303:
7257:
7241:
6968:
Zorc, David (1993). "The Prehistory and Origin of the Tagalog People". In Øyvind Dahl (ed.).
6380:
6161:
2803:
1822:
1300:
letters denoting the particular urn used and the kiln the jars were manufactured in. Certain
158:
9205:
7881:
Luzon Economic Corridor project draws foreign investments – Marcos By Filane Mikee Cervantes
7428:
7325:
6321:
Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region
6026:
2382:
The central section of Luzon is characterized by a flat terrain, known as the Central Luzon
1627:
In Spanish times, Luzon became the focal point for trade between the Americas and Asia. The
10824:
10038:
9633:
6109:
5998:
5974:
3491:
2737:
1754:
1691:
1171:
1108:
1069:
1021:
178:
8233:
7859:
5204:
3738:
As of the 2015 census, the population of Luzon Island is 57,470,097 people, making it the
1491:, who visited Luzon in the early 19th century, wrote that Luzon was "discovered" in 1521.
8:
10852:
10473:
10308:
10003:
9761:
9731:
8811:
The Philippines since pre-Spanish times.-v. 2. The Philippines since the British invasion
6797:
The Nameless Hero: Revisiting the Sources on the First Filipino Leader to Die for Freedom
6034:
6002:
3786:
2807:
2469:
2249:
1837:
sold the Philippines to the United States and the First Philippine Republic resisted the
1640:
1597:
1328:
1029:
980:
7619:
Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World: From Mexico to the Philippines, 1765–1811
5728:
2814:, the most famous of which is the 2,460-metre (8,070 ft) high symmetrically shaped
10363:
10323:
10273:
10268:
10103:
9741:
9191:
9099:
9067:
9035:
9003:
8971:
8939:
8721:
8174:
8076:
7974:
7944:
7455:
7292:
7196:
7188:
6181:
6008:
5732:
5672:
5163:
4978:
4402:
3929:
3534:
3407:
2402:
2310:
1762:
1438:
1437:, a nation that then expanded its realms from Borneo to the Philippines and set up the
1430:
1289:
1159:
1003:
759:
587:
492:
487:
5539:
10857:
10483:
10478:
10448:
10338:
10333:
10283:
10113:
10008:
9628:
8770:
8747:
8561:
8533:
8505:
8479:
8342:
8295:
8267:
8020:
8000:
7902:
7695:
7630:
7482:
7462:
7331:
7218:
7200:
7078:
7051:
6936:
6887:
6831:
6800:
6443:
6386:
6137:
6076:
6016:
5893:
5660:
4616:
4598:
4366:
3778:
3475:
3471:
2799:
2771:
2222:, and meanders along the southern Cordillera mountains before reaching the plains of
2041:
1938:
1900:
1735:
1675:
1541:
1518:
1388:
1384:
1332:
1312:
are the only large clay jar manufactured in Luzon today with origins from this time.
1293:
1163:
1036:), from which Luzon was also derived. The term was also used for Tagalog settlers in
999:
961:
937:
764:
507:
502:
427:
8830:
The Pageant of Philippine History: Political, Economic, and Socio-cultural, Volume 1
8560:. Vol. 3694 of Publication (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution.
2717:
in the country. The 949-square-kilometre (366 sq mi) lake is drained into
10898:
10656:
10643:
10408:
10398:
10368:
10328:
10298:
10223:
10083:
9786:
9716:
9593:
9500:
9438:
9388:
7622:
7180:
6926:
6865:] (in Portuguese). Translated by Cortesão, Armando. Cambridge: Hakluyt Society.
6209:
6103:
5990:
5986:
5916:
5900:
5885:
5853:
5841:
5821:
5817:
5786:
5782:
5652:
4832:
4818:
3782:
3411:
2928:
2605:
2449:
2418:
2329:
2207:
2144:
1956:
1904:
1866:
1830:
1758:
1695:
1411:
1053:
1037:
957:
831:
791:
731:
726:
592:
542:
227:
202:
8990:. Contributors: University of Pangasinan, Dagupan Colleges. Dagupan Colleges. 1970
8845:
7486:
6522:
5965:
5328:
5126:
4676:
4557:
10834:
10829:
10819:
10453:
10343:
10288:
10233:
10213:
10168:
10078:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9582:
9489:
9288:
9283:
9180:
9149:
9131:
9113:
9081:
9049:
9017:
8985:
8953:
8921:
8903:
8885:
8866:
8847:
8828:
8809:
8790:
8741:
8701:
8682:
8663:
8644:
8625:
8608:
8602:
8583:
8555:
8527:
8499:
8459:
8440:
8421:
8402:
8383:
8364:
8336:
8317:
8289:
8261:
8212:
8201:
8183:
8107:
8100:
Demographia World Urban Areas (World Agglomerations) Population & Projections
7765:
7675:
7656:
7435:
7311:
7154:
7136:
7072:
7021:"Ma'I in Chinese Records – Mindoro or Bai? An Examination of a Historical Puzzle"
6227:
6075:(Aglipayans), the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), and the
5948:
5829:
5716:
5712:
5557:
5241:
5195:
4685:
4052:
3510:
3495:
3487:
3483:
3452:
3190:
2795:
2791:
2653:
2437:
2314:
2049:
2037:
2021:
1989:
1945:
1934:
1727:
1699:
1628:
1563:
Scholars have thus suggested that they could be mercenaries valued by all sides.
1522:
1494:
Many people from Luzon were employed within Portuguese Malacca. For example, the
1434:
1379:
1128:
890:
886:
670:
457:
412:
237:
217:
168:
133:
7147:
6915:"Continuity and Change in the Austronesian Transition to Islam and Christianity"
5172:
5001:
4923:
10919:
10781:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10348:
10228:
10088:
9963:
9816:
9806:
9721:
9652:
9462:
9423:
9403:
9358:
9328:
9323:
9293:
9253:
6195:
6157:
5932:
5873:
5790:
5743:
5688:
5676:
5668:
5656:
5283:
5269:
5080:
4914:
4887:
4497:
3499:
3274:
3067:
2952:
2948:
2936:
2906:
2870:
2767:
2748:
2667:
2406:
2391:
2238:
2234:
2099:
2029:
2006:
1968:
1951:
1914:
1778:
1647:
to Manila. The silver was used to purchase Asian commercial goods like Chinese
1611:
1593:
1498:
1403:
1348:
1285:
1155:
1144:
1007:
774:
744:
739:
721:
680:
361:
277:
267:
252:
232:
207:
197:
148:
143:
73:
46:
8792:
The Chinese in the Philippines, 1898–1935: A Study of Their National Awakening
7217:. Curriculum Development Department, Ministry of Education. 2009. p. 44.
7184:
1441:
as its puppet-state. The invasion of Brunei spread Chinese royal descent like
10913:
10786:
10776:
10719:
10358:
10293:
10238:
10218:
10173:
9968:
9958:
9811:
9776:
9588:
9567:
9433:
9393:
9348:
9248:
9184:
7626:
6918:
6479:
5994:
5794:
5778:
5684:
5680:
5664:
5635:
5471:
5140:
4864:
4662:
4571:
4188:
4125:
3934:
3479:
3456:
3109:
3021:
2902:
2858:
2843:
2839:
2815:
2775:
2698:
2571:
2414:
2387:
2371:
2349:
2253:
2242:
2188:
2116:
2078:
1877:
1862:
1838:
1810:
1711:
1195:
1092:
1041:
769:
754:
706:
701:
696:
690:
685:
517:
462:
366:
356:
257:
247:
100:
87:
8098:
6925:. Canberra: Department of Anthropology, The Australian National University.
6854:
5580:
5489:
5227:
5015:
4699:
4479:
4357:
4172:
10867:
10862:
10801:
10766:
10253:
10208:
10033:
10018:
10013:
9983:
9888:
9711:
9696:
9613:
9603:
9443:
9273:
9022:. Contributor: University of the Philippines. College of Liberal Arts. 1959
7826:
6433:
6129:
6117:
6095:
6030:
5940:
5924:
5904:
5747:
5736:
5720:
5692:
5301:
4841:
4447:
4261:
4227:
4211:
4159:
4143:
4120:
4109:
4041:
4023:
4007:
3989:
3973:
3918:
3758:
3514:
3327:
3239:
2882:
2874:
2831:
2741:
2726:
2639:
2585:
2395:
2375:
2278:
2164:
2126:
2033:
1960:
1858:
1632:
1514:
1454:
1445:'s kin and Arab dynasties too into the Philippines like the clan of Sultan
1442:
1418:
716:
711:
477:
391:
381:
242:
7880:
5112:
5103:
4804:
4384:
4348:
4206:
3984:
2248:
Along the southern limits of the Cordillera Central lies the lesser-known
2214:, rising at 2,922 metres. The range provides the upland headwaters of the
10353:
10188:
9868:
9796:
9781:
9766:
9751:
9313:
8958:. Contributor: University of Santo Tomás. University of Santo Tomás. 1957
8864:
6997:
6879:
6099:
5897:
5833:
5571:
5498:
5411:
5071:
4905:
4520:
4470:
4420:
4284:
4256:
3913:
3895:
3754:
A view of Quezon City in September 2017, the largest city in Luzon island
3427:
2940:
2835:
2722:
2708:
2702:
2619:
2294:
2211:
1922:
1885:
1683:
1662:
Luzon also became a focal point for global migration. The walled city of
1495:
1483:
1375:
1249:
1245:
1222:
1166:
peoples of south and central Luzon had established several major coastal
894:
852:
840:
615:
572:
512:
324:
212:
163:
138:
9051:
Philippine Social Sciences and Humanities Reviews, Volume 24, Issues 1–2
7192:
7168:
7148:
Reading Song-Ming Records on the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines
6439:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
6136:
serving as the main economic and financial hub. Major companies such as
4790:
3077:
2923:
Several outlying islands near mainland Luzon are considered part of the
10877:
10791:
10383:
10313:
10258:
10056:
9973:
9686:
9552:
9363:
7899:(Transcribed and formatted by Jerry Holden for the HyperWar Foundation)
7461:. Translated by Catz, Rebecca D. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7275:. Contributor: Walter Yust. EncyclopÆdia Britannica. 1954. p. 75.
6931:
5700:
5696:
5594:
5530:
5383:
5186:
4932:
4781:
4740:
4648:
4639:
4625:
4411:
4245:
4193:
4177:
4091:
4075:
4057:
4018:
3403:
3155:
3119:
3102:
2944:
2878:
2779:
2718:
2557:
2453:
2422:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2169:
2139:
1818:
1806:
1666:
was initially founded by 1200 Spanish families. The nearby district of
1663:
1557:
1446:
1426:
1187:
1011:
898:
577:
527:
482:
371:
222:
173:
52:
5420:
4589:
2187:
The northwestern portion of the island, which encompasses most of the
1670:
became the center of business and transformed into the world's oldest
1461:
also existed as a fortified city-state, armed with walls and cannons.
1273:
1270:
1267:
10542:
10463:
10413:
8585:
Moro Archives: A History of Armed Conflicts in Mindanao and East Asia
7046:
Scott, William Henry (1989). "Societies in Prehispanic Philippines".
6293:
5649:
5507:
5094:
4763:
4717:
4543:
2866:
2854:
2733:
2681:
2590:
2229:
The northeastern section of Luzon is generally mountainous, with the
2083:
1972:
1802:
1790:
1777:
After many years of Spanish occupation and resistance to reform, the
1741:
People from the Philippines, primarily from Luzon, were recruited by
1671:
1644:
1553:
1473:
were the first European explorers who recorded it in their charts as
1371:
1281:
1277:
1226:
1132:
864:
153:
9746:
8868:
The Annals of Philippine Chinese Historical Association, Volumes 5–8
6079:. Indigenous traditions and rituals, though rare, are also present.
5630:
5255:
3165:
1560:
where Lungshanoid pottery made in Luzon were discovered in burials.
1421:
when the former Majapahit province of Poni broke free, converted to
10844:
10796:
10708:
10529:
10468:
10423:
10418:
10378:
10278:
10243:
10203:
10178:
10153:
10133:
9978:
9933:
9691:
9681:
9671:
9598:
9428:
9383:
9368:
9333:
9298:
8407:. Institute of Public Administration, University of the Philippines
6237:
6145:
5928:
5912:
5908:
5837:
5770:
5724:
5548:
5457:
5448:
5319:
4749:
4429:
4330:
4312:
4154:
4070:
4002:
3948:
3526:
3460:
3197:
2847:
2756:
2745:
2457:
2157:
2045:
1985:
1854:
1814:
1786:
1723:
1470:
1407:
1356:
1344:
1297:
1100:
1096:
1077:
878:
557:
547:
522:
497:
437:
376:
6519:
Philippine Institute of Development Studies Research Papers Series
5816:
Due to historical centuries-old migrations, populations of ethnic
4534:
3207:
1383:, which reports imperial colonies in the Philippines at Saludong (
10811:
10703:
10403:
10393:
10373:
10318:
10163:
10158:
10143:
10138:
10128:
10118:
9928:
9676:
9646:
9572:
9456:
9418:
9373:
9263:
9258:
8385:
Origin of Far Eastern Civilizations: A Brief Handbook, Issues 1–7
8123:
Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population
6521:. Philippine Institute of Development Studies: 44. Archived from
6354:
Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population
6232:
6189:
5889:
5881:
5845:
5810:
5806:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5708:
5704:
5351:
5043:
5029:
4955:
4946:
4850:
4772:
4731:
4708:
4607:
4488:
3770:
3519:
3505:
The North-Southeastern trending braided left-lateral strike-slip
3431:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3232:
2932:
2811:
2744:, the smallest in the country. The environs of the lake form the
2732:
Located 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Laguna de Bay is
2353:
2274:
1981:
1911:
1667:
1576:
1320:
1230:
1179:
1124:
1088:
1065:
995:
986:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
882:
675:
635:
602:
597:
582:
567:
537:
452:
447:
442:
30:
This article is about the Philippine island. For other uses, see
8036:
7730:
Filipino Involvement in the French-Spanish Campaign in Indochina
7048:
Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History
6098:
and in other, especially, urban areas due to the immigration of
3031:
2448:"Southern Luzon" redirects here. For the historical region, see
1702:
which was named after their evacuated homeland. After the short
1501:, based in Malacca, was highly influential and was appointed as
10872:
10458:
10388:
10263:
10248:
10193:
10123:
10108:
10023:
9884:
9756:
9577:
9557:
9378:
9318:
9278:
9019:
Philippine Social Sciences and Humanities Review, Volumes 24–25
8388:. Contributor: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution
8369:. Contributor: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution
8070:
6512:"Rice Production Practices: PIDS Research Paper Series 2008-02"
6481:
Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat
6133:
5944:
5798:
5774:
5480:
5310:
5292:
5218:
5154:
5057:
4964:
4580:
4506:
4393:
4375:
4321:
4298:
4240:
4036:
3968:
3958:
3905:
3774:
3365:
3320:
3249:
2752:
2426:
1976:
1850:
1813:, the suppression of which, lead to the martyrdoms of Priests,
1766:
1719:
1656:
1636:
1607:
1453:. It had remained a tributary state of China and was a largely
1396:
1340:
1309:
1194:, a place in Indonesia. These coastal Philippine kingdoms were
1182:. The oldest known Philippine document, written in 900, is the
1167:
1136:
1116:
1104:
848:
749:
552:
532:
472:
467:
432:
422:
272:
262:
9190:
8923:
University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, Volume 7
8504:(illustrated ed.). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
8319:
Political and Cultural History of the Philippines, Volumes 1-2
7901:. Honolulu, HI: University Press of the Pacific. p. 450.
10878:
BARMM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
10563:
10558:
10183:
10148:
10098:
10093:
10057:
BARMM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
9791:
9413:
9398:
9343:
9268:
9235:
8681:
Panganiban, José Villa; Panganiban, Consuelo Torres- (1962).
8205:
7213:
6766:"Carte Generale Des Indes Orientales et des Isles Adiacentes"
6051:
Like most of the Philippines, the major religion in Luzon is
5877:
5434:
5397:
5369:
5337:
4992:
4878:
4438:
4339:
4222:
4104:
3339:
3295:
2910:
2819:
2383:
2366:
2192:
2191:, is characterized by a flat terrain extending east from the
1975:, removed Marcos and his cronies from power and they fled to
1930:
1834:
1798:
1746:
1707:
1679:
1580:
1422:
1324:
1211:
1206:
1191:
1148:
1140:
1112:
1002:
sailors in Malaysia during the early 1500s, referring to the
797:
417:
8662:
Panganiban, José Villa; Panganiban, Consuelo Torres (1965).
5931:
due to the former presence of the U.S. air and naval bases (
2599:
2497:
2394:
to the south. In the middle of the plain rises the solitary
1540:
the Moluccas Islands after the Portuguese conquest in 1511.
1256:
According to sources at the time, the trade in large native
10443:
10198:
9608:
9338:
9308:
8846:
Philippines (Republic). Office of Cultural Affairs (1965).
8215:. Last revised: July 18, 2003. Retrieved November 27, 2006.
7100:"Quests of the Dragon and Bird Clan: Luzon Jars (Glossary)"
6113:
5766:
5609:
Largest cities and municipalities in the Luzon island group
5516:
5360:
4461:
4086:
3478:
subduction zone, and the east-dipping north–south trending
2714:
2647:
2518:
1794:
1652:
1648:
1603:
1510:
1406:
appointed a Chinese governor of Luzon, Ko Ch'a-lao, during
1367:
1352:
1336:
1301:
1218:
1200:
1120:
1073:
929:
665:
8630:. Contributor: Henry Otley Beyer. Filipiniana Publications
8334:
7579:"Binondo: New Discoveries in the World's Oldest Chinatown"
6923:
The Austronesians: Historical and comparative perspectives
6828:
Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society
2661:
2525:
2413:. These mountains extend to the sea in the north, forming
1363:), which would regain their independence at a later date.
806:
7429:
http://sambali.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-borneo-route.html
5638:
warrior with some of his trophies, Cordillera Mountains,
2862:
2565:
2483:
1929:
to recapture the Philippines was launched. The island of
1614:
in 1570. Under Spain, Luzon also came to be known as the
1449:. However, other Luzon kingdoms resisted Islam, like the
1214:, by whom tributes were extracted and taxes were levied.
7507:
3502:, subducts under western Luzon along the Manila Trench.
2633:
2511:
1817:
and the subsequent execution of the reformist and hero,
8604:
Chinese participation in Philippine culture and economy
2613:
2504:
7621:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 235.
6292:. United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from
2790:
The southeastern portion of Luzon is dominated by the
2551:
2476:
2028:
in Philippine territorial waters), on the east by the
1988:. During the administration of Ferdinand Marcos' son,
1937:
by the end of December 1944. This was followed by the
1849:. The Americans then set up the cool mountain city of
8438:
7927:
6735:"India quae Orientalis dicitur et Insulae Adiacentes"
6673:"India quae Orientalis dicitur et Insulae Adiacentes"
6505:
6503:
5765:
Other ethnic groups lesser in population include the
3001:
2675:
2532:
1319:, reported that Hindu Brunei invaded or administered
1284:
with Japan flourished in the 12th century, and local
819:
809:
803:
10686:
10520:
List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines
9642:
9530:
9452:
8772:
Seven Thousand Islands: The Story of the Philippines
8680:
8661:
8119:
6350:
6317:
6171:
2210:, and is the site of the island's highest mountain,
960:
word referring to a particular kind of large wooden
794:
8501:
Connecting and Distancing: Southeast Asia and China
5973:Almost all of the languages of Luzon belong to the
1933:was the first objective of the campaign, which was
1527:
medieval maritime principalities of the Philippines
1464:
800:
8865:Philippine Chinese Historical Association (1975).
8769:
8720:
8478:
8260:Agoncillo, Teodoro A.; Guerrero, Milagros (1975).
7720:
7534:Chinese in Mexico by Chao Romero, pages 203 to 205
7454:
6830:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
6500:
5840:have also been present in urban areas. Historical
2857:'s coastline features several smaller peninsulas,
2826:range has its southern limits at Quezon province.
1399:) before a fleet from the capital drove them out.
1111:tribes. These states had trading connections with
10894:ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
8529:In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines
8259:
7997:Accretion Tectonics in the Circum-Pacific Regions
7312:"Philippine Almanac & Handbook of Facts" 1977
3000:
2048:is roughly rectangular in shape and has the long
10911:
8195:PHILIPPINES: ADDITIONAL THREE PERSONS PER MINUTE
7550:. New York: American Book Company. p. 179.
6577:
1457:kingdom, which maintained trade with Japan. The
8883:
8739:
8646:Islands of Pleasure: A Guide to the Philippines
8018:Tectonics of Circum-Pacific Continental Margins
7797:"Death in the Philippines | David Nielsen"
7215:History for Brunei Darussalam: Sharing our Past
6510:Bautista, Eulito U.; Javier, Evelyn F. (2008).
6484:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 59.
6372:
1809:. Although the uprising failed it inspired the
1082:
10749:
8071:Philippine Statistics Authority (April 2008).
7959:
6546:
6509:
5880:are also occasionally present. The historical
10735:
10672:
9843:
9516:
9221:
8723:The Philippines: A Young Republic on the Move
8226:"Index of Agriculture and Fishery Statistics"
7690:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7577:See, Stanley Baldwin O. (November 17, 2014).
6882:(1994). "Chapter 8: The Philippine Islands".
6578:Quad, Matthias; Bussemachaer, Johann (1598).
5663:dominate northern Luzon, particularly in the
3810:
1781:uprising occurred and it was inspired by the
1772:
1240:Detail of an illustration from Jean Mallat's
948:
905:, among others, to the south. The islands of
10797:Mimaropa – Southwestern Tagalog Region
10772:CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region
10029:CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region
9979:Mimaropa – Southwestern Tagalog Region
7766:"Filipino-Mexican-South American Connection"
7323:
6818:
6816:
5969:Dominant languages per administrative region
1876:U.S. Navy ships under attack while entering
1374:briefly ruled over Luzon as recorded in the
1370:-centered Hindu-Buddhist Shivaite empire of
8740:Sevilla, Fred; Balagtas, Francisco (1997).
8684:A Survey of the Literature of the Filipinos
8341:(unabridged ed.). Rex Bookstore, Inc.
8091:
8066:
8064:
7885:
7098:Manansala, Paul Kekai (September 5, 2006).
6788:
2964:
2830:mountains dot the landscape, which include
1686:also served as the main port for Luzon and
1513:which traded and protected commerce in the
873:may also refer to one of the three primary
10742:
10728:
10679:
10665:
9850:
9836:
9523:
9509:
9228:
9214:
9151:Philippine Almanac & Handbook of Facts
8905:The Philippines: A Handbook of Information
8849:The Philippines: a Handbook of Information
8476:
7681:
6473:
6471:
6255:
6253:
6011:is spoken by many inhabitants. The use of
3817:
3803:
3338:
3294:
3248:
3206:
3164:
3118:
3076:
3030:
2981:(8 regions, 38 provinces and 71 cities if
1359:Kedatuan), and 文杜陵 Wenduling (present-day
1217:There was also a Buddhist polity known as
45:
9083:Studies in Public Administration, Issue 4
8718:
8665:The literature of the Pilipinos: a survey
8532:(unabridged ed.). Random House LLC.
8287:
8037:Census of Population and Housing (2010).
7726:
7513:
7481:
7475:
7097:
7064:
6930:
6813:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6313:
6311:
6128:The economy of the island is centered in
893:to the east, and the outlying islands of
843:. Located in the northern portion of the
8887:Biennial Conference Proceedings, Issue 1
8642:
8419:
8176:The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes
8110:(Edition 6.1). Retrieved March 29, 2011.
8061:
7794:
7445:
7443:
7131:. Seapots.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-19.
6886:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6849:
6847:
6799:. Angeles: Holy Angel University Press.
6770:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
6763:
6739:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
6708:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
6677:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
6646:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
6615:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
6584:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
6553:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
6108:
6025:
5964:
5629:
3749:
3451:
2465:
2365:
2005:
1871:
1570:
1393:assaulted the Majapahit province of Poni
1235:
928:
290:109,965 km (42,458 sq mi)
8767:
8699:
8553:
8457:
8439:Del Castillo y Tuazon, Antonio (1988).
8030:
7543:
7074:Arabic and Persian Loanwords in Tagalog
6905:
6903:
6874:
6872:
6794:
6732:
6639:
6608:
6477:
6468:
6250:
3789:, the population is around 21 million.
3392:
1566:
1315:In the early 1300s the Chinese annals,
877:. In this usage, it includes the Luzon
14:
10912:
8623:
8581:
8525:
8400:
8381:
8362:
7850:
7848:
7776:from the original on February 25, 2021
7253:
7110:from the original on September 4, 2007
7035:from the original on October 21, 2013.
6949:from the original on September 2, 2007
6590:from the original on September 1, 2019
6559:from the original on September 1, 2019
6378:
6339:
6308:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6082:There are also sizable communities of
6021:American occupation of the Philippines
3740:4th most populated island in the world
2409:, made famous because of its enormous
1950:The end of the World War necessitated
1339:(Mindoro) and Malilu 麻裏蘆 (present-day
1327:as well as the Philippine kingdoms of
387:CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region
10723:
10660:
9831:
9504:
9209:
8908:. Philippine Information Agency. 1955
8826:
8807:
7935:"PSGC Interactive; List of Provinces"
7915:from the original on January 25, 2015
7891:
7807:from the original on October 23, 2022
7554:from the original on February 8, 2019
7449:
7440:
7350:
7129:South East Asia Pottery – Philippines
7070:
7045:
6853:
6844:
6822:
6701:
6670:
6488:from the original on October 15, 2013
6411:
2785:
2218:, which stretches from the slopes of
1417:Afterwards, some parts of Luzon were
979:
830:
10639:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
9541:(38,610 sq mi) and greater
8600:
8477:Fitzgerald, Charles Patrick (1966).
8315:
7833:from the original on January 3, 2019
7616:
7589:from the original on August 18, 2020
7166:
6967:
6909:
6900:
6878:
6869:
6795:Alfonso, Ian Christopher B. (2016).
5985:. Major regional languages include:
5856:, and more recent mixed mesitzos of
3379:
2020:. It is bordered on the west by the
1674:. There was also a smaller district
10767:NCR – National Capital Region
10034:NCR – National Capital Region
8890:. Philippine Historical Association
8788:
8624:Manuel, Esperidion Arsenio (1948).
8557:Peoples of the Philippines, Issue 4
8461:Mask of Asia: The Philippines Today
8322:(revised ed.). Alip & Sons
7845:
7737:from the original on August 3, 2020
7576:
7279:from the original on March 26, 2023
7050:. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.
6917:. In Peter Bellwood; James J. Fox;
6642:"Indiae Orientalis Nova Descriptio"
6580:"Asia Partiu Orbis Maxima MDXCVIII"
6547:Van Linschoten, Jan Huygen (1596).
6456:from the original on March 26, 2023
6432:
6399:from the original on March 26, 2023
6273:
5612:(2015 Census, 100,000+ inhabitants)
2918:
1894:campaign to capture the Philippines
1783:Latin American Wars of Independence
1186:, which names places in and around
835:) is the largest and most populous
24:
8497:
8404:The bureaucracy in the Philippines
8366:War Background Studies, Issues 1-7
8252:
8155:from the original on March 3, 2020
7967:"PSGC Interactive; List of Cities"
7708:from the original on March 9, 2016
7607:Galaup "Travel Accounts" page 375.
7495:from the original on June 22, 2019
7237:
7173:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
7104:Quests of the Dragon and Bird Clan
7018:
6987:
6776:from the original on June 24, 2021
6745:from the original on June 24, 2021
6714:from the original on June 24, 2021
6683:from the original on June 24, 2021
6652:from the original on June 24, 2021
6621:from the original on June 24, 2021
6152:are based in the business hubs of
5746:, mainly populate in the southern
3732:Source: National Statistics Office
3555:
2245:, the longest in the Philippines.
1610:following the defeat of the local
1509:, de Raja was also the head of an
1087:Luzon was originally inhabited by
51:Luzon satellite image captured by
25:
10946:
10502:List of cities in the Philippines
9168:
8987:The Researcher, Volume 2, Issue 2
8795:. R. P. Garcia Publishing Company
8703:Philippine Cartography, 1320–1899
8601:Liao, Shubert S. C., ed. (1964).
8554:Krieger, Herbert William (1942).
8426:(2 ed.). National Book Store
8294:. Inang Wika Publishing Company.
7272:Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 9
6417:
3337:
3293:
3247:
3205:
3163:
3117:
3075:
3029:
2443:
2182:
1296:potters had marked each jar with
308:3,249.6 km (2019.21 mi)
10925:Island groups of the Philippines
10825:NIR – Negros Island Region
10688:Island groups of the Philippines
10039:NIR – Negros Island Region
9905:
9898:
9858:
9645:
9485:Island groups of the Philippines
9455:
9174:
8687:(4 ed.). Limbagang Pilipino
8668:(5 ed.). Limbagang Pilipino
6990:"Laguna Copperplate Inscription"
6977:. Oslo: Novus. pp. 201–211.
6420:The Philippines, a Unique Nation
6202:
6188:
6174:
6154:Makati Central Business District
5626:Ethnic groups of the Philippines
5619:
5593:
5579:
5570:
5556:
5547:
5538:
5529:
5515:
5506:
5497:
5488:
5479:
5470:
5456:
5447:
5433:
5419:
5410:
5396:
5382:
5368:
5359:
5350:
5336:
5327:
5318:
5309:
5300:
5291:
5282:
5268:
5254:
5240:
5226:
5217:
5203:
5194:
5185:
5171:
5162:
5153:
5139:
5125:
5111:
5102:
5093:
5079:
5070:
5056:
5042:
5028:
5014:
5000:
4991:
4977:
4963:
4954:
4945:
4931:
4922:
4913:
4904:
4895:
4886:
4877:
4863:
4849:
4840:
4831:
4817:
4803:
4789:
4780:
4771:
4762:
4748:
4739:
4730:
4716:
4707:
4698:
4684:
4675:
4661:
4647:
4638:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4579:
4570:
4556:
4542:
4533:
4519:
4505:
4496:
4487:
4478:
4469:
4460:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4410:
4401:
4392:
4383:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4347:
4338:
4329:
4320:
4311:
4297:
4283:
4276:
3952:
3942:
3899:
3889:
2960:Island groups of the Philippines
2890:
2468:
2417:, and to the south, forming the
2361:
2341:
2321:
2302:
2286:
2266:
2259:
2107:Cordillera Administrative Region
1749:), first to defend Indo-Chinese
1575:Luzon island (吕宋国) delegates in
1465:Interactions with the Portuguese
1107:principalities, and others were
889:groups of islands to the north,
790:
9727:Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
8582:Lucman, Norodin Alonto (2000).
8420:Demetrio, Francisco R. (1981).
8218:
8188:
8167:
8141:
8128:Philippine Statistics Authority
8010:
7989:
7971:Philippine Statistics Authority
7940:Philippine Statistics Authority
7874:
7819:
7788:
7758:
7748:
7662:
7643:
7610:
7601:
7570:
7537:
7528:
7519:
7421:
7412:
7403:
7394:
7385:
7344:
7324:Frans Welman (August 1, 2013).
7317:
7305:
7263:
7207:
7160:
7141:
7122:
7091:
7039:
7012:
6981:
6961:
6757:
6726:
6702:Blaeu, Willem Janszoon (1635).
6695:
6671:Blaeu, Willem Janszoon (1642).
6664:
6633:
6602:
6571:
6359:Philippine Statistics Authority
6326:Philippine Statistics Authority
6031:Saint Augustine Catholic Church
3541:
3387:Philippine Statistics Authority
2778:, the highest in the region of
2697:Southern Luzon is dominated by
2452:. For the current regions, see
2273:North coast of Luzon along the
10853:IX – Zamboanga Peninsula
10538:Lists of barangays by province
10004:IX – Zamboanga Peninsula
9665:(7,722–38,610 sq mi)
8833:. Philippine Education Company
8481:A concise history of East Asia
8423:Myths and Symbols: Philippines
8288:Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1962).
8263:History of the Filipino People
6540:
6426:
2810:. The area is home to several
1694:, Indonesia; they settled the
1676:reserved for Japanese migrants
1184:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
13:
1:
8955:Unitas, Volume 30, Issues 1–2
8643:Ostelius, Hans Arvid (1963).
8382:Bishop, Carl Whiting (1942).
8363:Bishop, Carl Whiting (1942).
8173:Jagor, Fëdor, et al. (1870).
8120:Census of Population (2015).
7795:Vidal, Gore; Nielsen, David.
7351:Scott, William Henry (1989).
6351:Census of Population (2015).
6318:Census of Population (2020).
6266:
6073:Philippine Independent Church
6063:. Other major sects includes
5639:
2762:South of Laguna Lake are two
2052:protruding to the southeast.
1276:) clay jars used for storing
392:NCR – National Capital Region
10835:VIII – Eastern Visayas
9999:VIII – Eastern Visayas
9480:Geography of the Philippines
8498:Ho, Khai Leong, ed. (2009).
8316:Alip, Eufronio Melo (1954).
8266:(4 ed.). R. P. Garcia.
7801:The New York Review of Books
7547:A History of the Philippines
7488:First voyage round the world
7353:"Filipinos in China in 1500"
7327:Borneo Trilogy Brunei: Vol 1
7071:Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2013).
6884:Asia in the Making of Europe
6223:Provinces of the Philippines
5983:Austronesian language family
5961:Languages of the Philippines
5954:
5896:admixed with either or both
5699:and the island provinces of
3763:3 defined metropolitan areas
3761:is the most populous of the
3441:
3224:(11,436.69 sq mi)
3094:(10,899.21 sq mi)
2774:and Batangas provinces, and
2197:Cordillera Central mountains
1995:
1821:. Reeling against this, the
1704:British Occupation of Manila
1083:Before European colonization
924:
875:island groups in the country
646:64,260,312 (2021) (estimate)
7:
10899:IV – Southern Tagalog
10858:X – Northern Mindanao
10830:VII – Central Visayas
10600:Formally proposed provinces
10009:X – Northern Mindanao
9994:VII – Central Visayas
9179:Geographic data related to
8827:Zaide, Gregorio F. (1979).
8808:Zaide, Gregorio F. (1957).
8445:. A. del. Castillo y Tuazon
7892:Smith, Robert Ross (1993).
7457:The Travels of Mendes Pinto
7330:. Booksmango. pp. 8–.
6167:
6047:Religion in the Philippines
6040:
3765:in the Philippines and the
3531:Central Cordillera of Luzon
3312:(7,498.89 sq mi)
3266:(7,010.00 sq mi)
3198:Southwestern Tagalog Region
3182:(6,514.82 sq mi)
3136:(8,499.90 sq mi)
3048:(5,024.19 sq mi)
2969:The island is covered by 8
2336:mountains in the background
2177:
2018:world's 15th largest island
1347:沙胡重 (present-day Siocon or
618: (pop. 2,960,048 )
316:2,928 m (9606 ft)
10:
10951:
10930:Islands of the Philippines
10873:XIII – Caraga Region
10820:VI – Western Visayas
10751:Regions of the Philippines
10024:XIII – Caraga Region
9989:VI – Western Visayas
9896:
9238:islands of the Philippines
8768:Spencer, Cornelia (1951).
8719:Ravenholt, Albert (1962).
8401:Corpuz, Onofre D. (1957).
8230:National Statistics Office
8206:National Statistics Office
8097:Demographia. (July 2010).
8048:National Statistics Office
7895:Triumph in the Philippines
7770:filipinokastila.tripod.com
7544:Barrows, David P. (1905).
7157:By Wang Zhenping Page 256.
7153:February 13, 2023, at the
6733:Hondius, Henricus (1636).
6382:The Philippine Archipelago
6218:Regions of the Philippines
6142:Jollibee Foods Corporation
6123:
6116:, a major thoroughfare in
6044:
5958:
5844:populations, particularly
5707:and extending to parts of
5655:groups predominate Luzon.
5623:
3941:
3888:
3795:
3547:Population census of Luzon
3445:
2957:
2447:
2297:, Luzon's highest mountain
2032:, and on the north by the
1999:
1943:
1773:After Spanish colonization
1481:, calling the inhabitants
1062:Cainta (historical polity)
1051:
1047:
947:is thought to derive from
563:Outlying island provinces:
29:
10886:
10843:
10810:
10787:III – Central Luzon
10782:II – Cagayan Valley
10757:
10694:
10618:
10592:
10551:
10528:
10510:
10492:
10069:
10047:
9969:III – Central Luzon
9964:II – Cagayan Valley
9951:
9942:
9914:
9875:
9662:
9640:
9538:
9472:
9450:
9244:
8607:. Bookman. Archived from
8338:Turning Points I' 2007 Ed
7185:10.1017/S002246340000744X
7135:October 19, 2014, at the
7077:. Lulu.com. p. 444.
6764:Mariette, Pierre (1650).
6609:Hondius, Jodocus (1606).
6442:. ABC-CLIO. p. 798.
5890:mixed-mestizo descendants
3745:
3731:
3573:—
3356:(236.06 sq mi)
3326:
3280:
3238:
3196:
3154:
3108:
3066:
3020:
3013:
3010:
3007:
2997:
2990:
2421:. The peninsula encloses
2163:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
1919:Chief of Naval Operations
1827:First Philippine Republic
1433:who became the Sultan of
1058:Tondo (historical polity)
949:
658:
650:
642:
627:
622:
611:
400:
362:Region 2 – Cagayan Valley
344:
335:
330:
320:
312:
304:
294:
286:
187:
124:
116:
79:
69:
64:
60:
44:
27:Island in the Philippines
10868:XII – Soccsksargen
10019:XII – Soccsksargen
9865:Administrative divisions
8884:IAHA Conference (1962).
8789:Tan, Antonio S. (1972).
8700:Quirino, Carlos (1963).
8526:Karnow, Stanley (2010).
8458:Farwell, George (1967).
8182:January 9, 2021, at the
8016:Rangin and Pubellier in
7827:"Clark Air Base History"
7627:10.1017/cbo9781316480120
7617:Mehl, Eva Maria (2016).
7562:– via Guttenburg.
6704:"Asia Noviter Delineata"
6478:Roberts, Edmund (1837).
6385:. Springer. p. 16.
6286:"Islands of Philippines"
6243:
5750:and island provinces of
2965:Administrative divisions
2094:North and Central Luzon
2091:North and Central Luzon
2011:Satellite image of Luzon
1890:Imperial Japanese forces
1014:, which was then called
936:, an ancient Philippine
859:in the world. It is the
857:4th most populous island
654:490/km (1270/sq mi)
367:Region 3 – Central Luzon
357:Region 1 – Ilocos Region
10863:XI – Davao Region
10792:IV-A – Calabarzon
10777:I – Ilocos Region
10584:Special Geographic Area
10014:XI – Davao Region
9974:IV-A – Calabarzon
9959:I – Ilocos Region
9889:National Capital Region
9532:World's largest islands
9198:The American Cyclopædia
8746:. Trademark Pub. Corp.
8706:(2 ed.). N. Israel
8149:"Indian Express (2016)"
7674:April 29, 2022, at the
7434:August 3, 2015, at the
7167:Ptak, Roderich (1998).
6290:Island Directory Tables
6019:declined following the
5693:National Capital Region
4262:National Capital Region
4228:National Capital Region
4212:National Capital Region
4160:National Capital Region
4144:National Capital Region
4110:National Capital Region
4042:National Capital Region
4024:National Capital Region
4008:National Capital Region
3990:National Capital Region
3974:National Capital Region
3919:National Capital Region
3507:Philippine Fault System
3402:of Luzon (provinces of
2309:West coast of Luzon at
2127:National Capital Region
1965:People Power Revolution
1955:US-supported dictator,
1843:Philippine–American War
1745:(then in alliance with
1550:Mainland Southeast Asia
382:Region 5 – Bicol Region
10802:V – Bicol Region
9984:V – Bicol Region
9772:Prince of Wales Island
9104:: CS1 maint: others (
9072:: CS1 maint: others (
9040:: CS1 maint: others (
9008:: CS1 maint: others (
8976:: CS1 maint: others (
8944:: CS1 maint: others (
8649:. G. Allen & Unwin
7297:: CS1 maint: others (
6880:Lach, Donald Frederick
6120:
6037:
5970:
5645:
3755:
3509:traverses Luzon, from
3468:Philippine Mobile Belt
3463:
3448:Philippine Mobile Belt
3398:The list includes the
2971:administrative regions
2927:. The largest include
2390:to the north, and the
2379:
2348:Canoes along upstream
2328:The Cagayan Valley at
2013:
1881:
1589:
1366:During the 1360s, the
1253:
1033:
971:
940:
845:Philippine archipelago
828:Tagalog pronunciation:
633:Luzonense (occasional)
372:Region 4A – Calabarzon
313:Highest elevation
32:Luzon (disambiguation)
10574:Legislative districts
10304:Maguindanao del Norte
9663:20,000–99,999 km
9304:Camiguin de Babuyanes
7655:May 16, 2022, at the
7019:Go, Bon Juan (2005).
6640:Jansson, Jan (1630).
6379:Boquet, Yves (2017).
6162:Bonifacio Global City
6112:
6029:
5968:
5633:
5624:Further information:
3753:
3466:Luzon is part of the
3455:
3328:National Capital
2958:Further information:
2804:San Bernardino Strait
2369:
2204:tropical pine forests
2009:
2000:Further information:
1944:Further information:
1892:in 1942 during their
1875:
1823:Philippine Revolution
1606:, which was moved to
1574:
1451:Wangdom of Pangasinan
1239:
1052:Further information:
966:
932:
159:San Bernardino Strait
10569:List of primary LGUs
8236:on February 21, 2012
8106:May 3, 2018, at the
7862:on February 22, 2009
7451:Pinto, Fernão Mendes
6824:Scott, William Henry
5604:class=notpageimage|
3492:Philippine Sea Plate
3361:(57,000/sq mi)
2977:and, as of 2014, 68
2806:along the coasts of
1730:during this period.
1567:Spanish Colonial Era
1154:Before 1000 CE, the
1103:kingdoms, some were
1070:Rajahnate of Maynila
377:Region 4B – Mimaropa
179:Verde Island Passage
10604:Autonomous regions
10474:Zamboanga del Norte
10309:Maguindanao del Sur
9732:Axel Heiberg Island
8611:on November 9, 2006
7995:Hashimoto, M, ed.,
7947:on January 11, 2013
7366:: 8. Archived from
7000:on February 5, 2008
6065:Jehovah's Witnesses
3835:PSA Census May 2020
3548:
3538:Sundaland/Eurasia.
3498:basin, part of the
3389:) official website.
3187:(2,500/sq mi)
3141:(1,500/sq mi)
3053:(1,100/sq mi)
2250:Caraballo Mountains
2208:montane rainforests
1833:. In the meantime,
1829:was established in
1631:constructed in the
1599:Las Islas Filipinas
1537:Fernão Mendes Pinto
861:15th largest island
97: /
41:
10579:Metropolitan areas
10552:Other subdivisions
10364:Occidental Mindoro
10324:Misamis Occidental
9742:Southampton Island
8871:(revised ed.)
8291:Philippine History
8211:2013-10-04 at the
8200:2016-03-05 at the
7483:Pigafetta, Antonio
7025:Philippine Studies
6932:10.22459/A.09.2006
6611:"India Orientalis"
6528:on August 15, 2017
6182:Philippines portal
6121:
6038:
5971:
5848:mestizo de Sangley
5846:Chinese mestizos (
5826:Japanese Filipinos
5646:
4564:Batangas City
3930:San Jose del Monte
3767:11th most populous
3756:
3546:
3535:Catanduanes Island
3464:
3408:Occidental Mindoro
3400:associated islands
2983:associated islands
2925:Luzon island group
2786:Southeastern Luzon
2403:Zambales Mountains
2380:
2014:
2002:Geography of Luzon
1973:Cardinal Jaime Sin
1963:. Eventually, the
1941:and later, Luzon.
1882:
1763:French Cochinchina
1590:
1439:Kingdom of Maynila
1254:
1190:and also mentions
941:
612:Largest settlement
588:Occidental Mindoro
321:Highest point
39:
10907:
10906:
10717:
10716:
10654:
10653:
10484:Zamboanga Sibugay
10479:Zamboanga del Sur
10449:Surigao del Norte
10339:Negros Occidental
10334:Mountain Province
10065:
10064:
9825:
9824:
9498:
9497:
7977:on April 29, 2011
7856:"The Philippines"
7636:978-1-316-48012-0
7337:978-616-222-235-1
7224:978-99917-2-372-3
6942:978-0-7315-2132-6
6449:978-1-57607-770-2
6296:on April 28, 2019
6077:Iglesia ni Cristo
6057:Roman Catholicism
6017:official language
5979:Malayo-Polynesian
5822:Spanish Filipinos
5818:Chinese Filipinos
5211:San Fernando
4270:
4269:
3736:
3735:
3476:East Luzon Trench
3472:Philippine Trench
3372:
3371:
3317:(240/sq mi)
3310:19,422.03 km
3271:(850/sq mi)
3264:18,155.82 km
3229:(280/sq mi)
3222:29,620.90 km
3180:16,873.31 km
3134:22,014.63 km
3099:(340/sq mi)
3092:28,228.83 km
3046:13,012.60 km
2755:and the whole of
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2625:
2624:
2378:in the background
2175:
2174:
2042:Balintang Channel
1939:attack on Mindoro
1901:Douglas MacArthur
1847:American military
1602:with its capital
1542:Antonio Pigafetta
1519:Strait of Malacca
1204:) and landlords (
981:[luˈsõjʃ]
938:mortar and pestle
783:
782:
631:Luzonian (modern)
508:Mountain Province
16:(Redirected from
10942:
10935:Islands of Luzon
10744:
10737:
10730:
10721:
10720:
10681:
10674:
10667:
10658:
10657:
10644:Southern Tagalog
10626:Former provinces
10369:Oriental Mindoro
10329:Misamis Oriental
10224:Davao Occidental
10084:Agusan del Norte
9949:
9948:
9909:
9902:
9862:
9861:
9852:
9845:
9838:
9829:
9828:
9787:Vancouver Island
9717:Alexander Island
9655:
9650:
9649:
9594:Ellesmere Island
9525:
9518:
9511:
9502:
9501:
9465:
9460:
9459:
9230:
9223:
9216:
9207:
9206:
9202:
9194:
9178:
9177:
9163:
9161:
9159:
9145:
9143:
9141:
9127:
9125:
9123:
9118:. Tʻai-pei. 1963
9109:
9103:
9095:
9093:
9091:
9077:
9071:
9063:
9061:
9059:
9045:
9039:
9031:
9029:
9027:
9013:
9007:
8999:
8997:
8995:
8981:
8975:
8967:
8965:
8963:
8949:
8943:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8917:
8915:
8913:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8880:
8878:
8876:
8861:
8859:
8857:
8842:
8840:
8838:
8823:
8821:
8819:
8804:
8802:
8800:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8775:
8764:
8762:
8760:
8736:
8734:
8732:
8726:
8715:
8713:
8711:
8696:
8694:
8692:
8677:
8675:
8673:
8658:
8656:
8654:
8639:
8637:
8635:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8597:
8595:
8593:
8578:
8576:
8574:
8550:
8548:
8546:
8522:
8520:
8518:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8484:
8473:
8471:
8469:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8435:
8433:
8431:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8397:
8395:
8393:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8359:
8357:
8355:
8331:
8329:
8327:
8312:
8310:
8308:
8284:
8282:
8280:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8241:
8232:. Archived from
8222:
8216:
8192:
8186:
8171:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8160:
8151:. May 18, 2016.
8145:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8134:
8117:
8111:
8095:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8084:
8079:on July 16, 2012
8075:. Archived from
8068:
8059:
8058:
8056:
8054:
8045:
8034:
8028:
8014:
8008:
7993:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7982:
7973:. Archived from
7963:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7952:
7943:. Archived from
7931:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7920:
7900:
7889:
7883:
7878:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7867:
7858:. Archived from
7852:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7838:
7823:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7792:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7781:
7762:
7756:
7752:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7724:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7713:
7707:
7700:
7692:
7679:
7666:
7660:
7647:
7641:
7640:
7614:
7608:
7605:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7561:
7559:
7541:
7535:
7532:
7526:
7523:
7517:
7511:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7500:
7479:
7473:
7472:
7460:
7447:
7438:
7425:
7419:
7416:
7410:
7407:
7401:
7398:
7392:
7389:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7373:on July 24, 2015
7372:
7357:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7321:
7315:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7296:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7267:
7261:
7251:
7245:
7235:
7229:
7228:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7164:
7158:
7145:
7139:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7115:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7068:
7062:
7061:
7043:
7037:
7036:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7005:
6996:. Archived from
6985:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6965:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6934:
6907:
6898:
6897:
6876:
6867:
6866:
6851:
6842:
6841:
6820:
6811:
6810:
6792:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6750:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6668:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6637:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6575:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6533:
6527:
6516:
6507:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6475:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6418:Zaide, Sonia M.
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6348:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6315:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6282:
6260:
6257:
6212:
6210:Geography portal
6207:
6206:
6205:
6198:
6193:
6192:
6184:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6059:being the major
5854:Spanish mestizos
5830:Indian Filipinos
5679:, Ilocanos, and
5667:to parts of the
5644:
5641:
5597:
5583:
5574:
5560:
5551:
5542:
5533:
5519:
5510:
5501:
5492:
5483:
5474:
5460:
5451:
5437:
5423:
5414:
5400:
5386:
5372:
5363:
5354:
5340:
5331:
5322:
5313:
5304:
5295:
5286:
5272:
5258:
5244:
5230:
5221:
5207:
5198:
5189:
5175:
5166:
5157:
5143:
5129:
5115:
5106:
5097:
5083:
5074:
5060:
5046:
5032:
5018:
5004:
4995:
4981:
4967:
4958:
4949:
4935:
4926:
4917:
4908:
4899:
4890:
4881:
4867:
4853:
4844:
4835:
4821:
4807:
4793:
4784:
4775:
4766:
4752:
4743:
4734:
4720:
4711:
4702:
4688:
4679:
4665:
4651:
4642:
4628:
4619:
4610:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4560:
4546:
4537:
4523:
4509:
4500:
4491:
4482:
4473:
4464:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4360:
4351:
4342:
4333:
4324:
4315:
4301:
4287:
4280:
3956:
3946:
3903:
3893:
3831:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3793:
3792:
3562:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3435:
3412:Oriental Mindoro
3396:
3390:
3383:
3342:
3335:
3298:
3291:
3252:
3245:
3210:
3203:
3168:
3161:
3149:
3122:
3115:
3080:
3073:
3061:
3034:
3027:
3003:
2995:
2988:
2987:
2919:Outlying islands
2905:and the city of
2894:
2865:, which include
2802:province to the
2713:"), the largest
2677:
2663:
2649:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2615:
2606:Bataan Peninsula
2601:
2593:
2581:
2567:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2450:Southern Tagalog
2419:Bataan Peninsula
2345:
2325:
2313:overlooking the
2306:
2290:
2270:
2145:Southern Tagalog
2070:Three divisions
2058:
2057:
1957:Ferdinand Marcos
1905:Bataan Peninsula
1867:Subic Naval Base
1831:Malolos, Bulacan
1736:Spanish Filipino
1459:Polity of Cainta
1429:, a prince from
1335:, and in Luzon:
1054:History of Luzon
1038:Southern Tagalog
983:
952:
951:
863:in the world by
834:
832:[luˈson]
829:
823:
816:
815:
812:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
593:Oriental Mindoro
127:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
49:
42:
38:
21:
10950:
10949:
10945:
10944:
10943:
10941:
10940:
10939:
10910:
10909:
10908:
10903:
10882:
10839:
10806:
10753:
10748:
10718:
10713:
10690:
10685:
10655:
10650:
10614:
10588:
10547:
10524:
10506:
10488:
10454:Surigao del Sur
10344:Negros Oriental
10289:Lanao del Norte
10234:Dinagat Islands
10214:Davao del Norte
10169:Camarines Norte
10061:
10043:
9938:
9910:
9904:
9903:
9894:
9871:
9859:
9856:
9826:
9821:
9802:Somerset Island
9737:Melville Island
9664:
9658:
9651:
9644:
9638:
9583:Victoria Island
9540:
9539:100,000 km
9534:
9529:
9499:
9494:
9490:List of islands
9468:
9461:
9454:
9448:
9240:
9236:The 40 largest
9234:
9189:
9175:
9171:
9166:
9157:
9155:
9148:
9139:
9137:
9130:
9121:
9119:
9112:
9097:
9096:
9089:
9087:
9080:
9065:
9064:
9057:
9055:
9048:
9033:
9032:
9025:
9023:
9016:
9001:
9000:
8993:
8991:
8984:
8969:
8968:
8961:
8959:
8952:
8937:
8936:
8929:
8927:
8920:
8911:
8909:
8902:
8893:
8891:
8874:
8872:
8855:
8853:
8836:
8834:
8817:
8815:
8798:
8796:
8779:
8777:
8776:. Aladdin Books
8758:
8756:
8754:
8730:
8728:
8709:
8707:
8690:
8688:
8671:
8669:
8652:
8650:
8633:
8631:
8614:
8612:
8591:
8589:
8572:
8570:
8568:
8544:
8542:
8540:
8516:
8514:
8512:
8488:
8486:
8467:
8465:
8448:
8446:
8429:
8427:
8410:
8408:
8391:
8389:
8372:
8370:
8353:
8351:
8349:
8325:
8323:
8306:
8304:
8302:
8278:
8276:
8274:
8255:
8253:Further reading
8250:
8249:
8239:
8237:
8224:
8223:
8219:
8213:Wayback Machine
8202:Wayback Machine
8193:
8189:
8184:Wayback Machine
8172:
8168:
8158:
8156:
8147:
8146:
8142:
8132:
8130:
8118:
8114:
8108:Wayback Machine
8096:
8092:
8082:
8080:
8069:
8062:
8052:
8050:
8043:
8035:
8031:
8015:
8011:
7994:
7990:
7980:
7978:
7965:
7964:
7960:
7950:
7948:
7933:
7932:
7928:
7918:
7916:
7909:
7898:
7890:
7886:
7879:
7875:
7865:
7863:
7854:
7853:
7846:
7836:
7834:
7829:. Clarkab.org.
7825:
7824:
7820:
7810:
7808:
7793:
7789:
7779:
7777:
7764:
7763:
7759:
7753:
7749:
7740:
7738:
7727:Nigel Gooding,
7725:
7721:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7698:
7694:
7693:
7682:
7676:Wayback Machine
7667:
7663:
7657:Wayback Machine
7648:
7644:
7637:
7615:
7611:
7606:
7602:
7592:
7590:
7583:GMA News Online
7575:
7571:
7557:
7555:
7542:
7538:
7533:
7529:
7524:
7520:
7512:
7508:
7498:
7496:
7480:
7476:
7469:
7448:
7441:
7436:Wayback Machine
7426:
7422:
7417:
7413:
7408:
7404:
7399:
7395:
7390:
7386:
7376:
7374:
7370:
7355:
7349:
7345:
7338:
7322:
7318:
7310:
7306:
7290:
7289:
7282:
7280:
7269:
7268:
7264:
7252:
7248:
7236:
7232:
7225:
7212:
7208:
7165:
7161:
7155:Wayback Machine
7146:
7142:
7137:Wayback Machine
7127:
7123:
7113:
7111:
7096:
7092:
7085:
7069:
7065:
7058:
7044:
7040:
7017:
7013:
7003:
7001:
6986:
6982:
6974:
6966:
6962:
6952:
6950:
6943:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6877:
6870:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6821:
6814:
6807:
6793:
6789:
6779:
6777:
6762:
6758:
6748:
6746:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6715:
6700:
6696:
6686:
6684:
6669:
6665:
6655:
6653:
6638:
6634:
6624:
6622:
6607:
6603:
6593:
6591:
6576:
6572:
6562:
6560:
6545:
6541:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6514:
6508:
6501:
6491:
6489:
6476:
6469:
6459:
6457:
6450:
6431:
6427:
6416:
6412:
6402:
6400:
6393:
6377:
6373:
6363:
6361:
6349:
6340:
6330:
6328:
6316:
6309:
6299:
6297:
6284:
6283:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6251:
6246:
6228:Battle of Luzon
6208:
6203:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6126:
6106:to the island.
6049:
6043:
5963:
5957:
5882:Sangley Chinese
5748:Bicol peninsula
5721:Bicol peninsula
5713:Bicol Peninsula
5653:ethnolinguistic
5642:
5628:
5622:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5576:
5575:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5553:
5552:
5544:
5543:
5535:
5534:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5512:
5511:
5503:
5502:
5494:
5493:
5485:
5484:
5476:
5475:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5453:
5452:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5416:
5415:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5365:
5364:
5356:
5355:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5333:
5332:
5324:
5323:
5315:
5314:
5306:
5305:
5297:
5296:
5288:
5287:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5223:
5222:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5199:
5191:
5190:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5168:
5167:
5159:
5158:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5108:
5107:
5099:
5098:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5076:
5075:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5005:
4997:
4996:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4960:
4959:
4951:
4950:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4928:
4927:
4919:
4918:
4910:
4909:
4901:
4900:
4892:
4891:
4883:
4882:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4846:
4845:
4837:
4836:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4814:
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4812:
4808:
4800:
4799:
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4777:
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4759:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4745:
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4736:
4735:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4712:
4704:
4703:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4692:Puerto Princesa
4689:
4681:
4680:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4644:
4643:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4621:
4620:
4612:
4611:
4603:
4602:
4594:
4593:
4585:
4584:
4576:
4575:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4539:
4538:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4502:
4501:
4493:
4492:
4484:
4483:
4475:
4474:
4466:
4465:
4457:
4456:
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4451:
4443:
4442:
4434:
4433:
4425:
4424:
4416:
4415:
4407:
4406:
4398:
4397:
4389:
4388:
4380:
4379:
4371:
4370:
4362:
4361:
4353:
4352:
4344:
4343:
4335:
4334:
4326:
4325:
4317:
4316:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4271:
3957:
3951:
3947:
3904:
3898:
3894:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3825:
3823:
3798:
3748:
3544:
3511:Quezon province
3496:South China Sea
3488:Cotabato Trench
3450:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3397:
3393:
3384:
3380:
3374:Table note(s):
3360:
3355:
3346:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3316:
3311:
3302:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3270:
3265:
3256:
3243:
3242:
3228:
3223:
3214:
3201:
3200:
3186:
3181:
3172:
3159:
3158:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3126:
3113:
3112:
3098:
3093:
3084:
3071:
3070:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3047:
3038:
3025:
3024:
3015:
3004:
2993:
2992:
2985:are included).
2967:
2962:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2900:
2895:
2828:Ultra-prominent
2796:Tayabas Isthmus
2792:Bicol Peninsula
2788:
2740:containing the
2678:
2664:
2654:South China Sea
2650:
2636:
2616:
2602:
2589:
2582:
2568:
2554:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2467:
2461:
2446:
2438:Bicol Peninsula
2364:
2357:
2346:
2337:
2326:
2317:
2315:South China Sea
2307:
2298:
2291:
2282:
2271:
2262:
2185:
2180:
2152:Southern Luzon
2149:Southern Luzon
2134:Southern Luzon
2088:Northern Luzon
2067:Four divisions
2050:Bicol Peninsula
2036:containing the
2022:South China Sea
2012:
2004:
1998:
1990:Bongbong Marcos
1948:
1946:Battle of Luzon
1775:
1700:Ternate, Cavite
1655:and Indonesian
1629:Manila Galleons
1569:
1523:South China Sea
1467:
1425:, and imported
1380:Nagarakretagama
1242:Les Philippines
1196:thalassocracies
1085:
1080:
1050:
934:Bangkang pinawa
927:
891:Polillo Islands
827:
821:
793:
789:
779:
736:
634:
632:
607:
458:Camarines Norte
409:
408:
396:
353:
352:
340:
282:
183:
169:South China Sea
134:Babuyan Channel
125:
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
86:
84:
83:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10948:
10938:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10905:
10904:
10902:
10901:
10896:
10890:
10888:
10887:Former regions
10884:
10883:
10881:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10849:
10847:
10841:
10840:
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10827:
10822:
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10814:
10808:
10807:
10805:
10804:
10799:
10794:
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10779:
10774:
10769:
10763:
10761:
10755:
10754:
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10724:
10715:
10714:
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10711:
10706:
10701:
10695:
10692:
10691:
10684:
10683:
10676:
10669:
10661:
10652:
10651:
10649:
10648:
10647:
10646:
10641:
10633:
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10620:
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10602:
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10594:
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10576:
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10540:
10534:
10532:
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10525:
10523:
10522:
10516:
10514:
10512:Municipalities
10508:
10507:
10505:
10504:
10498:
10496:
10490:
10489:
10487:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10439:Sultan Kudarat
10436:
10434:Southern Leyte
10431:
10429:South Cotabato
10426:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10349:Northern Samar
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10229:Davao Oriental
10226:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
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10176:
10171:
10166:
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10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10089:Agusan del Sur
10086:
10081:
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10073:
10067:
10066:
10063:
10062:
10060:
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10001:
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9991:
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9971:
9966:
9961:
9955:
9953:
9952:Administrative
9946:
9940:
9939:
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9936:
9931:
9926:
9920:
9918:
9912:
9911:
9897:
9895:
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9872:
9855:
9854:
9847:
9840:
9832:
9823:
9822:
9820:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9807:Kotelny Island
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9722:Severny Island
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9668:
9666:
9660:
9659:
9657:
9656:
9653:Islands portal
9641:
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9463:Islands portal
9451:
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9204:
9203:
9187:
9170:
9169:External links
9167:
9165:
9164:
9146:
9128:
9110:
9078:
9046:
9014:
8982:
8950:
8918:
8900:
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8805:
8786:
8765:
8752:
8737:
8727:. Van Nostrand
8716:
8697:
8678:
8659:
8640:
8621:
8598:
8579:
8566:
8551:
8539:978-0307775436
8538:
8523:
8511:978-9812308566
8510:
8495:
8474:
8455:
8436:
8417:
8398:
8379:
8360:
8348:978-9712345388
8347:
8332:
8313:
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8285:
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7609:
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7569:
7536:
7527:
7518:
7516:, p. 195.
7514:Pigafetta 1969
7506:
7474:
7467:
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7420:
7411:
7402:
7393:
7384:
7343:
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7223:
7206:
7159:
7140:
7121:
7090:
7083:
7063:
7057:978-9711002268
7056:
7038:
7031:(1): 119–138.
7011:
6988:Morrow, Paul.
6980:
6960:
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6196:Islands portal
6185:
6169:
6166:
6158:Ortigas Center
6125:
6122:
6045:Main article:
6042:
6039:
5981:branch of the
5959:Main article:
5956:
5953:
5669:Cagayan Valley
5621:
5618:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5592:
5591:
5586:
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5578:
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5569:
5568:
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4309:
4304:
4303:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4282:
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4275:
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4272:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4254:
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3807:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3787:Greater Manila
3747:
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3733:
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3500:Eurasian Plate
3446:Main article:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3391:
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3376:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3354:611.39 km
3352:
3343:
3336:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
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3292:
3284:Administrative
3278:
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3068:Cagayan Valley
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2887:
2871:San Miguel Bay
2822:province. The
2787:
2784:
2768:Mount Makiling
2749:Tagaytay Ridge
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:Mindoro Island
2665:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2445:
2444:Southern Luzon
2442:
2407:Mount Pinatubo
2405:, the site of
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2347:
2340:
2338:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2308:
2301:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2283:
2272:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2235:Cagayan Valley
2184:
2183:Northern Luzon
2181:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2121:Central Luzon
2119:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:Cagayan Valley
2096:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2073:Two divisions
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:Six divisions
2062:
2030:Philippine Sea
2010:
1997:
1994:
1969:Corazon Aquino
1952:decolonization
1915:Chester Nimitz
1880:, January 1945
1861:cities mainly
1779:Andres Novales
1774:
1771:
1765:, centered in
1617:Nueva Castilla
1612:Rajah Sulayman
1568:
1565:
1499:Regimo de Raja
1489:Edmund Roberts
1466:
1463:
1404:Yongle Emperor
1109:ethnoreligious
1084:
1081:
1049:
1046:
1008:Tagalog people
926:
923:
781:
780:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
662:
660:
656:
655:
652:
648:
647:
644:
640:
639:
636:Luções/Luzones
629:
625:
624:
620:
619:
613:
609:
608:
606:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
406:
405:
404:
402:
398:
397:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
350:
349:
348:
346:
342:
341:
336:
333:
332:
331:Administration
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
306:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
281:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
191:
189:
185:
184:
182:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
149:Polillo Strait
146:
144:Philippine Sea
141:
136:
130:
128:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
81:
77:
76:
74:Southeast Asia
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
57:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10947:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10917:
10915:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10891:
10889:
10885:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10850:
10848:
10846:
10842:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10817:
10815:
10813:
10809:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10764:
10762:
10760:
10756:
10752:
10745:
10740:
10738:
10733:
10731:
10726:
10725:
10722:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10696:
10693:
10689:
10682:
10677:
10675:
10670:
10668:
10663:
10662:
10659:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10636:
10634:
10632:
10631:Sub-provinces
10629:
10627:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10617:
10609:
10606:
10605:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10597:
10595:
10591:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10556:
10554:
10550:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10535:
10533:
10531:
10527:
10521:
10518:
10517:
10515:
10513:
10509:
10503:
10500:
10499:
10497:
10495:
10491:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10359:Nueva Vizcaya
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10294:Lanao del Sur
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10239:Eastern Samar
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10219:Davao del Sur
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10174:Camarines Sur
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10076:
10074:
10072:
10068:
10058:
10055:
10054:
10052:
10050:
10046:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9956:
9954:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9941:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9921:
9919:
9917:
9916:Island groups
9913:
9908:
9901:
9890:
9886:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9878:
9874:
9870:
9866:
9853:
9848:
9846:
9841:
9839:
9834:
9833:
9830:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9777:Yuzhny Island
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9669:
9667:
9661:
9654:
9648:
9643:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9589:Great Britain
9587:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9568:Baffin Island
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9545:
9543:
9537:
9533:
9526:
9521:
9519:
9514:
9512:
9507:
9506:
9503:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9475:
9474:
9471:
9464:
9458:
9453:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9246:
9243:
9239:
9231:
9226:
9224:
9219:
9217:
9212:
9211:
9208:
9200:
9199:
9193:
9192:"Luzon"
9188:
9186:
9185:OpenStreetMap
9182:
9173:
9172:
9153:
9152:
9147:
9135:
9134:
9129:
9117:
9116:
9111:
9107:
9101:
9085:
9084:
9079:
9075:
9069:
9053:
9052:
9047:
9043:
9037:
9021:
9020:
9015:
9011:
9005:
8989:
8988:
8983:
8979:
8973:
8957:
8956:
8951:
8947:
8941:
8925:
8924:
8919:
8907:
8906:
8901:
8889:
8888:
8882:
8870:
8869:
8863:
8851:
8850:
8844:
8832:
8831:
8825:
8813:
8812:
8806:
8794:
8793:
8787:
8774:
8773:
8766:
8755:
8753:9789719185802
8749:
8745:
8744:
8738:
8725:
8724:
8717:
8705:
8704:
8698:
8686:
8685:
8679:
8667:
8666:
8660:
8648:
8647:
8641:
8629:
8628:
8622:
8610:
8606:
8605:
8599:
8587:
8586:
8580:
8569:
8567:9780598408662
8563:
8559:
8558:
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8535:
8531:
8530:
8524:
8513:
8507:
8503:
8502:
8496:
8483:
8482:
8475:
8463:
8462:
8456:
8444:
8443:
8437:
8425:
8424:
8418:
8406:
8405:
8399:
8387:
8386:
8380:
8368:
8367:
8361:
8350:
8344:
8340:
8339:
8333:
8321:
8320:
8314:
8303:
8297:
8293:
8292:
8286:
8275:
8269:
8265:
8264:
8258:
8257:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8221:
8214:
8210:
8207:
8203:
8199:
8196:
8191:
8185:
8181:
8178:
8177:
8170:
8154:
8150:
8144:
8129:
8125:
8124:
8116:
8109:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8094:
8078:
8074:
8067:
8065:
8049:
8042:
8041:
8033:
8026:
8025:90-6764-132-4
8022:
8019:
8013:
8006:
8005:90-277-1561-0
8002:
7998:
7992:
7976:
7972:
7968:
7962:
7946:
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7930:
7914:
7910:
7904:
7897:
7896:
7888:
7882:
7877:
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7851:
7849:
7832:
7828:
7822:
7806:
7802:
7798:
7791:
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7751:
7736:
7732:
7731:
7723:
7704:
7697:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7685:
7677:
7673:
7670:
7665:
7658:
7654:
7651:
7646:
7638:
7632:
7628:
7624:
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7613:
7604:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7573:
7566:
7553:
7549:
7548:
7540:
7531:
7522:
7515:
7510:
7494:
7490:
7489:
7484:
7478:
7470:
7468:9780226669519
7464:
7459:
7458:
7452:
7446:
7444:
7437:
7433:
7430:
7427:Junker, 400.
7424:
7415:
7406:
7397:
7388:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7360:Asian Studies
7354:
7347:
7339:
7333:
7329:
7328:
7320:
7313:
7308:
7300:
7294:
7278:
7274:
7273:
7266:
7259:
7255:
7250:
7243:
7239:
7234:
7226:
7220:
7216:
7210:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7190:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7163:
7156:
7152:
7149:
7144:
7138:
7134:
7130:
7125:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7094:
7086:
7084:9781291457261
7080:
7076:
7075:
7067:
7059:
7053:
7049:
7042:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7015:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6984:
6973:
6972:
6964:
6948:
6944:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6919:Darrell Tryon
6916:
6912:
6911:Reid, Anthony
6906:
6904:
6895:
6893:0-226-46732-5
6889:
6885:
6881:
6875:
6873:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6850:
6848:
6839:
6837:971-550-135-4
6833:
6829:
6825:
6819:
6817:
6808:
6806:9789710546527
6802:
6798:
6791:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6760:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6729:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6698:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6667:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6636:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6605:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6574:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6543:
6524:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6504:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6474:
6472:
6460:September 15,
6455:
6451:
6445:
6441:
6440:
6435:
6434:Ooi, Keat Gin
6429:
6422:. p. 50.
6421:
6414:
6398:
6394:
6392:9783319519265
6388:
6384:
6383:
6375:
6360:
6356:
6355:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6327:
6323:
6322:
6314:
6312:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6272:
6256:
6254:
6249:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6200:
6197:
6191:
6186:
6183:
6172:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6069:Protestantism
6066:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6048:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5995:Central Bikol
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5977:group of the
5976:
5967:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5903:(mostly from
5902:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5849:
5843:
5842:mixed mestizo
5839:
5835:
5832:, and Muslim
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5795:Nueva Vizcaya
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5719:populate the
5718:
5714:
5711:and northern
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5691:dominate the
5690:
5686:
5685:Central Luzon
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5665:Ilocos Region
5662:
5661:Pangasinenses
5658:
5654:
5651:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5620:Ethnic groups
5610:
5605:
5596:
5582:
5573:
5559:
5550:
5541:
5532:
5518:
5509:
5500:
5491:
5482:
5473:
5459:
5450:
5436:
5422:
5413:
5399:
5385:
5371:
5362:
5353:
5339:
5330:
5321:
5312:
5303:
5294:
5285:
5271:
5257:
5243:
5229:
5220:
5206:
5197:
5188:
5174:
5165:
5156:
5142:
5128:
5114:
5105:
5096:
5082:
5073:
5059:
5045:
5031:
5017:
5003:
4994:
4980:
4966:
4957:
4948:
4934:
4925:
4916:
4907:
4898:
4889:
4880:
4871:Sorsogon City
4866:
4852:
4843:
4834:
4820:
4806:
4792:
4783:
4774:
4765:
4751:
4742:
4733:
4719:
4710:
4701:
4687:
4678:
4664:
4650:
4641:
4627:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4582:
4573:
4559:
4545:
4536:
4522:
4508:
4499:
4490:
4481:
4472:
4463:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4300:
4286:
4279:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4189:General Trias
4187:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4126:Central Luzon
4124:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3938:
3936:
3935:Central Luzon
3933:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3829:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3808:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3752:
3743:
3741:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3559:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3539:
3536:
3533:, Bicol, and
3532:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3480:Manila Trench
3477:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3458:
3457:Lake Pinatubo
3454:
3449:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3287:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3160:(Region IV-A)
3157:
3153:
3150:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3111:
3110:Central Luzon
3107:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3023:
3022:Ilocos Region
3019:
2994:(designation)
2989:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2903:Mayon Volcano
2899:
2893:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:Mount Bulusan
2841:
2840:Camarines Sur
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2816:Mayon Volcano
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:Mount Banahaw
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2699:Laguna de Bay
2683:
2680:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:Laguna de Bay
2570:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2415:Lingayen Gulf
2412:
2411:1991 eruption
2408:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2372:Central Luzon
2368:
2362:Central Luzon
2355:
2351:
2350:Cagayan River
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2260:Image gallery
2257:
2255:
2254:Central Luzon
2251:
2246:
2244:
2243:Cagayan River
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2189:Ilocos Region
2171:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2131:Metro Manila
2128:
2124:
2118:
2117:Central Luzon
2114:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2085:
2080:
2079:Ilocos Region
2076:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1878:Lingayen Gulf
1874:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:Clark Airbase
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1839:United States
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:Cavite Mutiny
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1712:Cainta, Rizal
1709:
1706:, the Indian
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1496:spice magnate
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1402:In 1405, the
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:) and Solot (
1386:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:(Part of the
1354:
1351:), Yachen 啞陳
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1259:Ruson-tsukuri
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:Austronesians
1090:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1042:Central Luzon
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1010:who lived in
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
955:
946:
939:
935:
931:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
851:, as well as
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
825:
824:
814:
787:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
661:
659:Ethnic groups
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
630:
626:
621:
617:
614:
610:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
518:Nueva Vizcaya
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
463:Camarines Sur
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
403:
399:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
347:
343:
339:
334:
329:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
193:
192:
190:
188:Major islands
186:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
129:
123:
119:
115:
110:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
63:
59:
54:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
10758:
10698:
10254:Ilocos Norte
10209:Davao de Oro
9923:
9863:
9712:Devon Island
9697:Banks Island
9624:Newfoundland
9618:
9614:North Island
9604:South Island
9353:
9274:Bucas Grande
9196:
9156:. Retrieved
9150:
9138:. Retrieved
9132:
9120:. Retrieved
9114:
9088:. Retrieved
9082:
9056:. Retrieved
9050:
9024:. Retrieved
9018:
8992:. Retrieved
8986:
8960:. Retrieved
8954:
8928:. Retrieved
8922:
8910:. Retrieved
8904:
8892:. Retrieved
8886:
8873:. Retrieved
8867:
8854:. Retrieved
8848:
8835:. Retrieved
8829:
8816:. Retrieved
8810:
8797:. Retrieved
8791:
8778:. Retrieved
8771:
8757:. Retrieved
8742:
8729:. Retrieved
8722:
8708:. Retrieved
8702:
8689:. Retrieved
8683:
8670:. Retrieved
8664:
8651:. Retrieved
8645:
8632:. Retrieved
8626:
8613:. Retrieved
8609:the original
8603:
8590:. Retrieved
8584:
8571:. Retrieved
8556:
8543:. Retrieved
8528:
8515:. Retrieved
8500:
8487:. Retrieved
8480:
8466:. Retrieved
8460:
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8441:
8428:. Retrieved
8422:
8409:. Retrieved
8403:
8390:. Retrieved
8384:
8371:. Retrieved
8365:
8352:. Retrieved
8337:
8324:. Retrieved
8318:
8305:. Retrieved
8290:
8277:. Retrieved
8262:
8240:December 19,
8238:. Retrieved
8234:the original
8229:
8220:
8190:
8175:
8169:
8157:. Retrieved
8143:
8131:. Retrieved
8122:
8115:
8099:
8093:
8081:. Retrieved
8077:the original
8051:. Retrieved
8039:
8032:
8017:
8012:
7996:
7991:
7979:. Retrieved
7975:the original
7970:
7961:
7949:. Retrieved
7945:the original
7938:
7929:
7919:December 25,
7917:. Retrieved
7894:
7887:
7876:
7864:. Retrieved
7860:the original
7835:. Retrieved
7821:
7809:. Retrieved
7800:
7790:
7780:February 17,
7778:. Retrieved
7769:
7760:
7750:
7739:, retrieved
7729:
7722:
7710:. Retrieved
7664:
7645:
7618:
7612:
7603:
7591:. Retrieved
7582:
7572:
7563:
7556:. Retrieved
7546:
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7530:
7521:
7509:
7497:. Retrieved
7487:
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7423:
7414:
7405:
7396:
7387:
7375:. Retrieved
7368:the original
7363:
7359:
7346:
7326:
7319:
7307:
7281:. Retrieved
7271:
7265:
7249:
7233:
7214:
7209:
7176:
7172:
7162:
7143:
7124:
7114:December 19,
7112:. Retrieved
7103:
7093:
7073:
7066:
7047:
7041:
7028:
7024:
7014:
7004:December 19,
7002:. Retrieved
6998:the original
6993:
6983:
6970:
6963:
6951:. Retrieved
6922:
6883:
6862:
6858:
6827:
6796:
6790:
6778:. Retrieved
6769:
6759:
6747:. Retrieved
6738:
6728:
6716:. Retrieved
6707:
6697:
6685:. Retrieved
6676:
6666:
6654:. Retrieved
6645:
6635:
6623:. Retrieved
6614:
6604:
6592:. Retrieved
6583:
6573:
6561:. Retrieved
6552:
6542:
6530:. Retrieved
6523:the original
6518:
6490:. Retrieved
6480:
6458:. Retrieved
6438:
6428:
6419:
6413:
6403:December 22,
6401:. Retrieved
6381:
6374:
6362:. Retrieved
6353:
6329:. Retrieved
6320:
6298:. Retrieved
6294:the original
6289:
6130:Metro Manila
6127:
6118:Metro Manila
6096:Metro Manila
6081:
6061:denomination
6053:Christianity
6050:
6007:
5972:
5941:Angeles City
5898:Southern Han
5847:
5815:
5764:
5733:Romblomanons
5673:Kapampangans
5648:Seven major
5647:
5608:
3759:Metro Manila
3757:
3737:
3542:Demographics
3524:
3504:
3465:
3394:
3381:
3373:
3364:
3348:
3304:
3258:
3240:Bicol Region
3216:
3174:
3145:San Fernando
3128:
3114:(Region III)
3086:
3057:San Fernando
3040:
2968:
2922:
2901:The conical
2883:Sorsogon Bay
2875:Lagonoy Gulf
2852:
2832:Mount Isarog
2824:Sierra Madre
2789:
2761:
2742:Taal Volcano
2731:
2727:Metro Manila
2706:
2696:
2640:Batangas Bay
2586:Taal Volcano
2434:Sierra Madre
2431:
2425:, a natural
2400:
2396:Mount Arayat
2381:
2376:Mount Arayat
2334:Sierra Madre
2279:Ilocos Norte
2247:
2231:Sierra Madre
2228:
2201:
2186:
2165:Bicol Region
2111:Cordilleras
2054:
2040:Channel and
2034:Luzon Strait
2025:
2015:
1961:Saudi Arabia
1949:
1909:
1883:
1776:
1755:Christianity
1740:
1732:
1716:
1698:refugees in
1688:many Mexican
1661:
1633:Bicol region
1626:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1562:
1547:
1535:
1530:
1515:Indian Ocean
1506:
1502:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1443:Ong Sum Ping
1416:
1401:
1378:
1365:
1316:
1314:
1305:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1248:name of the
1241:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1153:
1086:
1025:
1015:
985:
976:
975:
972:
967:
953:
944:
942:
933:
870:
869:
785:
784:
651:Pop. density
623:Demographics
562:
478:Ilocos Norte
337:
36:
10354:Nueva Ecija
10189:Catanduanes
9869:Philippines
9767:New Britain
9752:Spitsbergen
9314:Catanduanes
8588:. FLC Press
8159:February 4,
7866:December 6,
7811:October 23,
7712:February 3,
7593:October 12,
7558:October 12,
7254:Karnow 2010
6855:Pires, Tomé
6492:October 15,
5999:Kapampangan
5803:Cordilleras
5740:Sorsogonons
5643: 1912
5133:La Trinidad
4527:Tarlac City
4291:Quezon City
4257:Mandaluyong
3914:Quezon City
3896:Quezon City
3428:Catanduanes
3072:(Region II)
2941:Catanduanes
2836:Mount Iriga
2766:mountains,
2738:crater lake
2723:Pasig River
2703:Old Spanish
2620:Balayan Bay
2374:plain with
2295:Mount Pulag
2212:Mount Pulag
2195:toward the
1923:Ernest King
1886:Pacific War
1884:During the
1728:slave labor
1684:Cavite City
1639:mined from
1622:New Castile
1583:, in 1761.
1290:Kapampangan
1266:, Japanese:
1262:(literally
1250:Pasig River
1246:Old Tagalog
1223:Bay, Laguna
1160:Kapampangan
1151:and China.
1022:Kapampangan
1004:Kapampangan
895:Catanduanes
853:Quezon City
841:Philippines
760:Kapampangan
616:Quezon City
573:Catanduanes
513:Nueva Ecija
338:Philippines
325:Mount Pulag
213:Catanduanes
164:Sibuyan Sea
139:Burias Pass
126:Adjacent to
120:Philippines
117:Archipelago
104: /
80:Coordinates
10914:Categories
10619:Historical
10608:Cordillera
10384:Pangasinan
10314:Marinduque
10259:Ilocos Sur
10049:Autonomous
9687:Hispaniola
9563:Madagascar
9553:New Guinea
9364:Marinduque
8301:9712345386
8273:9712345386
8027:p148 fig 4
7908:1410224953
7256:, p.
7240:, p.
7179:(2): 280.
6953:August 30,
6267:References
6003:Pangasinan
5975:Philippine
5884:and their
5805:, and the
5729:Masbateños
5727:, such as
5701:Marinduque
5697:Calabarzon
5650:Philippine
5390:Norzagaray
5276:Santa Cruz
4939:Tuguegarao
4825:San Carlos
4632:Cabanatuan
4246:Calabarzon
4194:Calabarzon
4178:Calabarzon
4173:Dasmariñas
4139:Valenzuela
4092:Calabarzon
4076:Calabarzon
4058:Calabarzon
4019:Muntinlupa
3724:62,196,942
3713:57,470,097
3702:52,362,999
3691:49,799,956
3680:42,822,686
3669:38,249,776
3658:33,357,887
3647:26,080,694
3636:22,790,274
3625:19,688,100
3614:14,061,448
3404:Marinduque
3345:13,484,462
3282:Cordillera
3244:(Region V)
3202:(Mimaropa)
3171:16,195,042
3156:Calabarzon
3148:(Pampanga)
3125:12,422,172
3103:Tuguegarao
3060:(La Union)
3026:(Region I)
3002:Population
2945:Marinduque
2879:Ragay Gulf
2780:Calabarzon
2759:province.
2719:Manila Bay
2558:Manila Bay
2454:Calabarzon
2423:Manila Bay
2293:Summit of
2224:Pangasinan
2220:Mount Data
2216:Agno River
2170:Bicolandia
2140:Calabarzon
1819:Jose Rizal
1807:Costa Rica
1664:Intramuros
1558:South Asia
1525:, and the
1507:Temenggong
1503:Temenggong
1471:Portuguese
1447:Sharif Ali
1427:Sharif Ali
1345:Shahuchong
1317:Nanhai zhi
1294:Pangasinan
1264:Luzon-made
1188:Manila Bay
1170:, notably
1164:Pangasinan
1030:Portuguese
1012:Manila Bay
1000:Portuguese
899:Marinduque
765:Pangasinan
643:Population
578:Marinduque
528:Pangasinan
483:Ilocos Sur
223:Marinduque
174:Ticao Pass
101:16°N 121°E
53:Sentinel-2
10543:Poblacion
10530:Barangays
10464:Tawi-Tawi
10414:Sarangani
10071:Provinces
9702:Sri Lanka
9548:Greenland
9158:April 24,
9140:April 24,
9122:April 24,
9100:cite book
9090:April 24,
9068:cite book
9058:April 24,
9036:cite book
9026:April 24,
9004:cite book
8994:April 24,
8972:cite book
8962:April 24,
8940:cite book
8930:April 24,
8912:April 24,
8894:April 24,
8875:April 24,
8856:April 24,
8837:April 24,
8818:April 24,
8799:April 24,
8780:April 24,
8759:April 24,
8731:April 24,
8710:April 24,
8691:April 24,
8672:April 24,
8653:April 24,
8634:April 24,
8615:April 24,
8592:April 24,
8573:April 24,
8545:April 24,
8517:April 24,
8489:April 24,
8485:. Praeger
8468:April 24,
8464:. Praeger
8449:April 24,
8430:April 24,
8411:April 24,
8392:April 24,
8373:April 24,
8354:April 24,
8326:April 24,
8307:April 24,
8279:April 24,
7485:(1969) .
7453:(1989) .
7293:cite book
7201:162707729
6300:April 18,
6150:Metrobank
6088:Buddhists
5955:Languages
5911:) and/or
5858:Americans
5717:Bicolanos
5683:populate
5248:Bayambang
5147:Mariveles
4724:Mabalacat
4669:San Pablo
4207:Parañaque
4046:1,261,738
4012:1,661,584
3985:Las Piñas
3978:1,846,513
3923:2,960,048
3603:9,876,263
3592:8,165,778
3581:5,397,401
3570:4,101,516
3442:Tectonics
3359:22,000/km
3301:1,797,660
3255:6,082,165
3213:3,228,558
3083:3,685,744
3037:5,301,139
2998:Location
2975:provinces
2867:Lamon Bay
2855:peninsula
2812:volcanoes
2734:Taal Lake
2682:Lamon Bay
2591:Taal Lake
2332:with the
2193:coastline
2084:Ilocandia
2026:Luzon Sea
1996:Geography
1803:Argentina
1791:Venezuela
1672:Chinatown
1651:, Indian
1554:Sri Lanka
1419:Islamized
1376:epic poem
1372:Majapahit
1349:Zamboanga
1282:rice wine
1278:green tea
1227:Bulalacao
1133:Indochina
943:The name
925:Etymology
865:land area
732:Kalanguya
727:Kankanaey
638:(archaic)
401:Provinces
305:Coastline
296:Area rank
154:Samar Sea
65:Geography
10845:Mindanao
10709:Mindanao
10635:Regions
10593:Proposed
10469:Zambales
10424:Sorsogon
10419:Siquijor
10379:Pampanga
10279:La Union
10244:Guimaras
10204:Cotabato
10179:Camiguin
10154:Bukidnon
10134:Batangas
9934:Mindanao
9812:Sardinia
9707:Tasmania
9692:Sakhalin
9682:Hokkaido
9672:Mindanao
9599:Sulawesi
9585:(Canada)
9476:See also
9439:Tawitawi
9429:Siquijor
9384:Olutanga
9369:Mindanao
9334:Guimaras
9299:Camiguin
9289:Busuanga
9133:Yearbook
8209:Archived
8198:Archived
8180:Archived
8153:Archived
8133:June 20,
8104:Archived
8083:April 4,
8053:June 29,
7981:April 7,
7951:April 3,
7913:Archived
7837:July 14,
7831:Archived
7805:Archived
7774:Archived
7735:archived
7703:Archived
7672:Archived
7653:Archived
7587:Archived
7552:Archived
7499:June 22,
7493:Archived
7432:Archived
7377:June 10,
7314:, p. 59.
7283:June 21,
7277:Archived
7193:20072046
7151:Archived
7133:Archived
7108:Archived
7033:Archived
6947:Archived
6921:(eds.).
6913:(1995).
6857:(1944).
6826:(1994).
6780:June 16,
6774:Archived
6749:June 16,
6743:Archived
6718:June 16,
6712:Archived
6687:June 16,
6681:Archived
6656:June 16,
6650:Archived
6625:June 16,
6619:Archived
6594:June 16,
6588:Archived
6563:June 16,
6557:Archived
6486:Archived
6454:Archived
6436:(2004).
6397:Archived
6364:June 20,
6238:Mindanao
6168:See also
6146:SM Group
6041:Religion
5929:Olongapo
5913:Hispanic
5909:Pampanga
5874:Punjabis
5872:(mostly
5862:Japanese
5838:Mindanao
5807:Mangyans
5771:Zambales
5744:Cuyunons
5725:Visayans
5715:, while
5689:Tagalogs
5677:Tagalogs
5671:, while
5657:Ilocanos
5464:Libmanan
5179:Talavera
5087:Urdaneta
5022:Santiago
5008:San Jose
4985:San Jose
4756:Olongapo
4266:425,758
4232:440,656
4198:450,583
4164:456,059
4155:Marikina
4130:462,928
4096:496,794
4071:Antipolo
4062:539,671
4028:543,445
4003:Caloocan
3994:606,293
3949:Caloocan
3939:651,813
3830:in Luzon
3826:Largest
3527:Zambales
3461:Zambales
3014:Regional
3011:Density
2913:province
2848:Sorsogon
2808:Sorsogon
2764:solitary
2757:Batangas
2707:Lake of
2458:Mimaropa
2392:Pampanga
2356:province
2311:San Juan
2281:boundary
2256:plains.
2241:for the
2178:Physical
2158:Mimaropa
2061:Regions
2046:mainland
1986:Mindanao
1935:captured
1927:campaign
1921:Admiral
1855:Olongapo
1815:Gomburza
1787:Colombia
1751:converts
1724:Bengalis
1635:brought
1455:Sinified
1408:Zheng He
1368:Javanese
1361:Mindanao
1357:Madja-as
1308:jars of
1298:Baybayin
1168:polities
1101:Buddhist
1089:Negritos
1078:Caboloan
998:used by
994:) was a
879:Mainland
671:Bicolano
558:Zambales
548:Sorsogon
523:Pampanga
498:La Union
438:Batangas
218:Busuanga
70:Location
18:Luzonian
10812:Visayas
10704:Visayas
10404:Romblon
10394:Quirino
10374:Palawan
10319:Masbate
10274:Kalinga
10269:Isabela
10164:Cagayan
10159:Bulacan
10144:Biliran
10139:Benguet
10129:Batanes
10119:Basilan
10104:Antique
9944:Regions
9929:Visayas
9877:Capital
9867:of the
9817:Bananal
9677:Ireland
9634:Iceland
9573:Sumatra
9424:Sibuyan
9419:Siargao
9404:Polillo
9389:Palawan
9374:Mindoro
9359:Masbate
9329:Dumaran
9324:Dinagat
9294:Calayan
9264:Biliran
9259:Basilan
9254:Balabac
9201:. 1879.
7741:July 4,
7238:Ho 2009
6994:Mts.net
6532:May 29,
6331:July 8,
6233:Visayas
6124:Economy
6104:Chinese
6092:Muslims
6055:, with
6013:Spanish
6009:English
5991:Ilocano
5987:Tagalog
5925:Angeles
5917:Spanish
5901:Chinese
5894:mestizo
5876:), and
5870:Indians
5866:Koreans
5811:Mindoro
5801:of the
5791:Gaddang
5787:Isabela
5783:Cagayan
5779:Ibanags
5760:Palawan
5756:Romblon
5752:Masbate
5709:Palawan
5705:Mindoro
5681:Sambals
5119:Cauayan
5050:Calapan
5036:Nasugbu
4857:Dagupan
4797:Legazpi
4454:Angeles
4250:664,625
4216:689,992
4182:703,141
4148:714,978
4121:Angeles
4114:803,159
4080:887,399
4053:Calamba
3771:Bulacan
3561:±% p.a.
3520:Mindoro
3486:Trench-
3432:Masbate
3424:Batanes
3420:Romblon
3416:Palawan
3275:Legazpi
3233:Calapan
3191:Calamba
3016:center
3005:(2020)
2953:Polillo
2949:Romblon
2937:Masbate
2933:Mindoro
2929:Palawan
2907:Legazpi
2721:by the
2388:Cagayan
2354:Quirino
2330:Cabagan
2275:Cagayan
2038:Babuyan
1982:Visayas
1967:led by
1912:Admiral
1898:General
1859:Angeles
1841:in the
1759:conquer
1692:Ternate
1668:Binondo
1620:or the
1594:Spanish
1577:Beijing
1531:adiraja
1475:Luçonia
1412:voyages
1321:Sarawak
1286:Tagalog
1231:Mindoro
1180:Namayan
1172:Maynila
1156:Tagalog
1145:Okinawa
1125:Sumatra
1091:before
1066:Namayan
1048:History
996:demonym
992:Spanish
987:Luzones
977:Luções,
958:Tagalog
919:Visayas
915:Romblon
911:Palawan
907:Masbate
903:Mindoro
887:Babuyan
883:Batanes
839:in the
775:Tagalog
745:Ilongot
740:Ilokano
722:Kalinga
681:Gaddang
676:Bolinao
628:Demonym
603:Romblon
598:Palawan
583:Masbate
568:Batanes
538:Quirino
493:Kalinga
488:Isabela
453:Cagayan
448:Bulacan
443:Benguet
345:Regions
278:Dumaran
268:Balabac
253:Sibuyan
233:Polillo
228:Romblon
208:Masbate
203:Palawan
198:Mindoro
106:16; 121
55:in 2016
10564:Sitios
10559:Puroks
10494:Cities
10459:Tarlac
10389:Quezon
10284:Laguna
10264:Iloilo
10249:Ifugao
10194:Cavite
10124:Bataan
10114:Aurora
10109:Apayao
9885:Manila
9797:Sicily
9782:Hainan
9762:Taiwan
9757:Kyushu
9747:Marajó
9578:Honshu
9558:Borneo
9434:Tablas
9394:Panaon
9379:Negros
9349:Lubang
9319:Culion
9284:Burias
9279:Bugsuk
9249:Alabat
9154:. 1977
9136:. 1965
8750:
8564:
8536:
8508:
8345:
8298:
8270:
8023:
8003:
7905:
7633:
7465:
7334:
7221:
7199:
7191:
7081:
7054:
6939:
6890:
6834:
6803:
6446:
6389:
6160:, and
6148:, and
6134:Makati
6084:Hindus
6071:, the
6015:as an
6001:, and
5945:Baguio
5935:&
5921:Latino
5905:Manila
5799:Igorot
5797:, the
5789:, the
5777:, the
5775:Bataan
5758:, and
5636:Ifugao
5564:Naujan
5234:Guimba
5064:Tabaco
4971:Ilagan
4655:Lucena
4513:Baguio
4305:Manila
4241:Bacoor
4037:Taguig
3969:Manila
3959:Taguig
3906:Manila
3876:Region
3856:Region
3828:cities
3797:
3781:, and
3779:Laguna
3775:Cavite
3746:Cities
3727:+1.57%
3716:+1.79%
3705:+1.84%
3694:+2.10%
3683:+2.45%
3672:+2.60%
3661:+2.49%
3650:+2.73%
3639:+2.98%
3628:+3.42%
3617:+2.99%
3606:+2.14%
3595:+1.99%
3584:+1.85%
3490:. The
3484:Negros
3366:Manila
3330:Region
3321:Baguio
3286:Region
3269:330/km
3227:110/km
3185:960/km
3139:560/km
3097:130/km
3051:410/km
2991:Region
2979:cities
2881:, and
2842:, and
2800:Quezon
2772:Laguna
2753:Cavite
2746:upland
2427:harbor
2044:. The
1977:Hawaii
1851:Baguio
1767:Saigon
1743:France
1720:Tamils
1696:Papuan
1657:spices
1645:Mexico
1637:silver
1608:Manila
1586:万国来朝图
1521:, the
1517:, the
1511:armada
1484:Luções
1435:Brunei
1397:Brunei
1385:Manila
1341:Manila
1329:Butuan
1310:Ilocos
1306:Burnay
1252:delta.
1212:Rajahs
1162:, and
1137:Bengal
1129:Malaya
1117:Borneo
1105:Muslim
1076:, and
1026:Lusung
1017:Lusong
984:(also
962:mortar
954:lusong
950:ᜎᜓᜐᜓᜅ᜔
881:, the
849:Manila
837:island
770:Sambal
755:Ivatan
750:Itawes
707:Ifugao
702:Ibaloi
697:Bontoc
691:Igorot
686:Ibanag
553:Tarlac
533:Quezon
503:Laguna
473:Ifugao
468:Cavite
433:Bataan
428:Aurora
423:Apayao
273:Bugsuk
263:Culion
258:Tablas
248:Alabat
238:Burias
10920:Luzon
10759:Luzon
10699:Luzon
10409:Samar
10399:Rizal
10299:Leyte
10184:Capiz
10149:Bohol
10099:Albay
10094:Aklan
9924:Luzon
9792:Timor
9619:Luzon
9444:Ticao
9414:Samar
9409:Samal
9399:Panay
9354:Luzon
9344:Leyte
9269:Bohol
9181:Luzon
8044:(PDF)
7706:(PDF)
7699:(PDF)
7371:(PDF)
7356:(PDF)
7197:S2CID
7189:JSTOR
6975:(PDF)
6861:[
6526:(PDF)
6515:(PDF)
6244:Notes
6138:Ayala
6132:with
6100:Moros
6035:Paoay
5949:Subic
5937:Subic
5933:Clark
5878:Arabs
5836:from
5834:Moros
5767:Aetas
5737:Waray
5441:Gapan
5427:Tabuk
5404:Laoag
5376:Ligao
5344:Iriga
5262:Tanay
4223:Pasay
4105:Pasig
3785:) of
3783:Rizal
3721:2020
3710:2015
3699:2010
3688:2007
3677:2000
3666:1995
3655:1990
3644:1980
3633:1975
3622:1970
3611:1960
3600:1948
3589:1939
3578:1918
3567:1903
3515:Bicol
3349:12.4%
3334:(NCR)
3315:93/km
3290:(CAR)
3175:14.9%
3129:11.4%
3008:Area
2973:, 30
2911:Albay
2859:gulfs
2820:Albay
2384:plain
2239:basin
1931:Leyte
1835:Spain
1799:Chile
1747:Spain
1708:Sepoy
1680:Dilao
1581:China
1479:Luçon
1431:Mecca
1423:Islam
1325:Sabah
1302:kilns
1210:) or
1207:Lakan
1192:Medan
1176:Tondo
1149:Japan
1141:Korea
1113:India
1097:Hindu
1034:Luçon
945:Luzon
871:Luzon
786:Luzon
717:Itneg
712:Isneg
543:Rizal
418:Albay
243:Ticao
194:Luzon
92:121°E
40:Luzon
10444:Sulu
10199:Cebu
10079:Abra
9629:Cuba
9609:Java
9339:Jolo
9309:Cebu
9160:2014
9142:2014
9124:2014
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