MONUSCO - Knowledge

1860: 1565:, brought their commands together for evaluation. As a result, the MONUC civilian and military teams in North Kivu "implemented a number of reforms that drastically improved the performance of peacekeepers and were hailed as a model for other peacekeeping missions." Reforms included the creation of joint protection teams comprising military and police personnel and civil affairs, human rights, and child protection staff operating from the UN's forward bases; a mobile-phone based early warning system, in which community members were provided with devices to alert peacekeepers of unrest; community alert networks that allowed for bases to be contacted around the clock; Community Liaison Assistants (CLAs), an expanded role for Congolese translators to also act as community monitors and information gatherers; an emphasis on civilian outreach; increased foot patrols; and deployment of 30–35 troop standing combat units to areas deemed vulnerable. 155: 1903: 9188: 9470: 2396: 9420: 9330: 542: 9687: 3048: 9213: 9698: 4263: 2521: 2483: 1592:" would help to prevent the atrocities that continue to be committed against civilians on an ever greater scale here in North Kivu , on the border of Rwanda and Uganda... Since August 28, fighting has intensified in many areas, causing deaths, rapes, lootings, forced recruitment and further displacements of civilian populations. The population has thus been immersed in unspeakable suffering. In the last few days, fighting has drawn closer to large populated areas, such as the town of Goma. Fighting has also invaded and torn apart the region of 4074: 9646: 1798: 1167: 2994: 2599: 3075: 29: 8386: 9227: 2778: 9660: 9602: 9159: 8434: 3102: 9410: 38: 2016: 1750: 4236: 2502: 3831: 1821:, opposed this proposal. Rwandan delegation informed the UN Security Council that Monusco would be a "belligerent" if it deployed drones in eastern DRC. Other diplomats, including Russian, Chinese, and some from Europe, also expressed reservations. They said there were unanswered questions about who would receive the information from the drones and how widely it would be disseminated, expressing discomfort at the idea of the United Nations becoming an active gatherer of intelligence. 9203: 4128: 2309:—the first multiparty election in the DRC since 1960—peaceful and orderly. MONUC troops began patrolling areas of eastern DRC after armed clashes broke on 5 August following the chaotic collection of election results. The UN command is also arranging different training programs and competitions in Congo for both Congo and international forces. A similar shooting competition was held between troops from all international forces and was won by a Pakistani infantry battalion. 3534: 4020: 3993: 2913: 2618: 9480: 9107: 9280: 9290: 9093: 2751: 3480: 3237: 3372: 3291: 4344: 3777: 3588: 2886: 4101: 3750: 3156: 2967: 2540: 9390: 9300: 4209: 4155: 3696: 3399: 2859: 2559: 9080: 4290: 3939: 3885: 3615: 3129: 2724: 2426: 1452: 9500: 9460: 9360: 9588: 9578: 9490: 2675: 4182: 3966: 3426: 4317: 3723: 3507: 3318: 2832: 9633: 9340: 9320: 9310: 9260: 3669: 3642: 3453: 3264: 3183: 2805: 2580: 2445: 9540: 9520: 9440: 9430: 2464: 3804: 3561: 3021: 4047: 9612: 9568: 9558: 9530: 9510: 9450: 9400: 9380: 9270: 9250: 3858: 2940: 3912: 3210: 2637: 9350: 3345: 9674: 1549:

replacement a week prior – and the peacekeepers later said they had no idea the massacre was taking place until it was over. Lt. Col. H. S. Brar, commander of the Indian peacekeepers at Kiwanja summarized the failure as the result of "poor communication and staffing, inadequate equipment, intelligence breakdowns and spectacularly bad luck." In its report on the massacre,

9370: 1358: 7483: 1118:, the Security Council authorized the increase of military personnel to 8,500. The principle of two independent intervention forces – civilian and military – was also approved. MONUC was tasked to support the voluntary disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, reintegration and resettlement (DDRRR) process, without the use of force. 1046:. In July 2001, the force strength was of 2,366 soldiers, including 363 military observers distributed across 22 cities, and 28 teams monitoring the disengagement of forces. The contingent soldiers totaled 1,869. They came from South Africa, Uruguay, Morocco, Senegal and Tunisia. Guard units protected MONUC installations in 990:, the UN Security Council authorized MONUC to take the necessary action, in the areas of deployment of its infantry battalions, to protect UN personnel, facilities, installations and equipment, ensure the security and freedom of movement of its personnel, and to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence. 1099:, which was again open to commercial traffic. In June 2002 the UN troops' total number was 3,804. Contingents from Ghana and Bolivia joined the force, of which more than a third of the soldiers were Uruguayan. More than one thousand soldiers were deployed in Kisangani. On 14 May 2002, a military observer died near 2305:. The FNI killed another Nepali peacekeeper and took seven captive in May 2006. Two of the seven were released in late June and the UN was trying to secure the release of the remaining five. By November 2005, MONUC consisted of 16,561 uniformed troops. On 30 July 2006, MONUC forces were charged with keeping the 4438:

MONUC officials say nothing of substance about mining in Congo, which proceeds in parallel with the bloodletting, arms trading and extortion. For example, Anvil Mining has been involved in massacres in DRC. Anvil directors include former U.S. Ambassador Kenneth Brown, who served at U.S. embassies in

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As of 31 August 2011 MONUSCO forces included 19,084 uniformed personnel, out of which 16,998 were military personnel, 743 were military observers and 1,343 were police (including formed units). In addition the forces included 983 international civilian personnel, 2,828 local civilian staff

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announced that it would send around 1,325 soldiers from the Egyptian Army to support the UN mission in Congo. Egypt also announced that it will send a police force to help in protecting the UN mission in Congo. The Egyptian armed force will work to give support and technical advice to the Congo Army

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called for establishing and deploying a temporary multi-national force to the area until the weakened MONUC mission could be reinforced. In his second special report to the Security Council, the UN Secretary General proposed a reorientation of MONUC missions: to provide support to the transition and

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Numerous DDRRR operations in collaboration with the civilian component were conducted in the beginning of 2003. Before the start of the transition, UN soldiers were deployed along the front lines. A vast redeployment to the East started. The four coordination centres and 22 bases in the western part

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was appointed as the commander of MONUSCO's military force. The mandate was to monitor the implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement and the redeployment of belligerent forces, to develop an action plan for the overall implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement, to work with the parties to obtain the

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About US$ 8.74 billion was spent to fund the MONUC peacekeeping effort during 1999 to 2010. As of October 2017, the total strength of UN peacekeeping troops in DRC is approximately 18,300. More than thirty nations have contributed military and police personnel for peacekeeping effort, with

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rapidly escalated in an effort to protect the local population. A MONUC helicopter that was restocking the 20 troops stationed there fell under gunfire from armed men. The helicopter crew, all of Russian nationality, facilitated the evacuation of 25 people, including 5 injured people (including the

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beside operating armed mission in the conflict zones and medical assistant and support. According to the Foreign affairs in Cairo, Egypt will send a Mechanized Unit, Special Forces, Field Engineers, and Paratroops. Egypt already has a small unit in Congo consisting of 13 policemen and 23 observers.

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In August 2008, an internal investigation led by the Indian Army and other MONOU officers revealed that about ten Indian peacekeepers may have been involved in abuse and exploitation in Congo. Earlier in May 2008, the vice chief of the Indian Army visited Congo to look into these allegations and by

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was launched on 12 June and the IMEF completed its deployment in the following three weeks. The force was successful in stabilising the situation in Bunia and enforcing the UN presence in the DRC. In September 2003, responsibility for the security of the region was handed over to the MONUC mission.

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and George H.W. Bush and Director of Central African Affairs (1980–1981). Interestingly, Brown succeeded William Lacy Swing—head of MONUC in DRC—as Ambassador to the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville). Meanwhile, the former top internal intelligence and security chief of the United Nations Observer's

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emerged in late July amidst accusations by Congolese politicians and civilians of failing to take action to end the Kivu conflict within the country. The protestors demanded that MONUSCO leave the country. On 26 July, fifteen people were killed and 50 others were injured as UN peacekeepers opened

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called the situation "absurd", noting MONUSCO's greatly superior numbers, and called for the group's mandate to be revised. UN spokesman Eduardo del Buey said peacekeepers "cannot substitute" for the Congo national army, adding that the 1,500 UN troops in Goma held their fire because they did not

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In accordance with Security Council resolution 1925 of 28 May 2010, MONUC was renamed as of 1 July the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) to reflect the new phase reached in the country. In August 2010, the Mai Mai rebels ambushed a

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A UN base was situated less than 1 mi (1.6 km) from Kiwanja and over 100 Indian peacekeepers were present at the time of the attacks but the forces lacked basic intelligence capabilities – no one in the base spoke the necessary languages, as their interpreter had been reassigned without

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combed through Kiwanja, searching out boys and men – who they accused of collaborating with the Mai Mai – and executing them on the spot. Older members of the community, both men and women, were also murdered and a large number of women were raped and assaulted. By the end of 5 November, over 150

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In March 2009, the Indian Army questioned more than 100 Indian troops deployed in DRC regarding the abuse allegations against them. After a thorough investigation, which included examination of statements by alleged victims, the Indian Army found "serious irregularities" in charges raised by the

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On 30 July 2013, the March 23 Movement was given a 48-hour ultimatum by the UN to leave Goma area or face "use of force." Between 21 and 29 August, heavy fighting outside Goma left 57 rebels, 10–23 government soldiers, 14 civilians and one Tanzanian UN peacekeeper dead. Seven-hundred and twenty

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into the deal. Following its own investigations, the UN concluded that there was no involvement of Pakistani peacekeeper in any such trade relationship. Namely Human Rights Watch harshly criticized the UN for the way it handled the investigation, providing detailed information from several UN

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The initial UN presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, before the passing of United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1291, was a force of military observers to observe and report on the compliance on factions with the peace accords, a deployment authorised by the earlier

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In May 2005, the UN Secretary General asked for a supplementary brigade for Katanga. Joint operations were conducted by the newly arrived integrated brigades of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC). UN troops were tasked with the support of the electoral process,

4527: 1836:, North Kivu and is made up of a total of 3,069 peacekeepers. It is tasked with neutralizing armed groups, reducing the threat posed to State authority and civilian security and to make space for stabilization activities. The first Brigade was composed of three battalions, one each from 1703:. The 500 MONUC troops will come from the Ghanaian, Tunisian and Egyptian contingents as well as troops from the Guatemalan Special Forces. Military equipment such as armored personnel carriers, transport and combat helicopters will also be at their disposal to support their mission. 1612:." However, it did not extend MONUC's mandate in the Congo, which was set to expire at the end of 2008. The decision was made despite the rebel commitment to pulling back from the front lines and allowing aid to reach the thousands of people still isolated, according to aid groups. 1553:

largely supported Brar's assessment but further observed that competing priorities from headquarters in Goma shifted focus to "assuring the security of humanitarian workers, a foreign journalist, and a group of military observers, rather than protecting the civilian population."

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In 2002, the 450 military observers, split in 95 teams, continued to monitor the Ceasefire along the ex-frontlines. The teams also investigated violations of the Ceasefire. Foreign troops continued to leave the country. The riverine units escorted the first ships on the

1271:. A military observer was killed. The 1,000 MONUC troops could only protect their own installations. Demonstrations were held all over the country and UN troops opened fire on looters in Kinshasa. MONUC soldiers were again targeted by Ituri militia at the end of 2004. 1201:(EU) -led mission with France as the framework nation providing the bulk of the personnel and complemented by contributions from both EU and non-EU nations. The total force consisted of about 1,800 personnel and was supported by French aircraft based at airfields in 1733:

In May 2011, the international cooperation minister of DRC expressed his government's desire of an "orderly, progressive withdrawal" of MONUSCO due to "normalization" of DRC's relations with neighboring countries and containment of rebels to a "few isolated zones."

6416: 1406:, and appointed Lieutenant General Karlheinz Viereck (Germany) Operation Commander and Major General Christian Damay (France) EU Force Commander. The Operational Headquarters was the German-nominated Armed Forces Operational Command – Einsatzführungskommando – at 1607:

On 20 November, the UN voted unanimously to send 3,085 more peacekeepers, citing "extreme concern at the deteriorating humanitarian situation and in particular the targeted attacks against civilian population, sexual violence, recruitment of child soldiers and

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air medical evacuation team were also deployed. The deployed troops were only to protect the sites against looting and theft, the force had neither the mandate nor the strength to protect the civilian population, or even to extract MONUC personnel. Following

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At the weekly MONUC press conference of 16 December 2009, it was announced by MONUC spokesperson Madnodje Mounoubai that the first MONUC peacekeeping troops were deployed in Dongo, where a temporary operational basis is functional, as well as in nearby

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However, a week after the UN vote, the DRC government requested the UN to not deploy any more Indian troops in the east of the country, arguing that there was a need to "redress the balance" of the make-up of the 17,000-strong UN force in the country.

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There have been numerous cases of sexual misconduct by UN peacekeeping forces in the Congo. This has been acknowledged by the UN itself (such as the letter of 24 March 2005 from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly).

964:. In January 2000 they reached the number of 79 and they were spread over the whole territory of DRC. Their mission was to liaise with all the warring factions, give a technical assistance and prepare the deployment of military observers. 1520:

On 29 October 2008, a French request for an EU reinforcement of 1,500 troops was refused by several countries and appeared unlikely to materialize; however, the UN forces stated they would act to prevent takeovers of population centres.

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battalion and join the peace-keeping effort in the Congo. India made the decision to send its elite forces amidst rising concerns that Indian peace-keepers were getting caught in the cross-fire between DRC government troops and rebels.

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province, after the Uruguayan battalion deployed in the region fled. However, after that several Uruguayan battalions were playing a crucial role in the buffer zone between the retreating government soldiers and the advancing rebels.

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which resulted in the deaths of 15 UN peacekeepers and 5 Congolese soldiers killed. 53 UN peacekeepers were also wounded. At least 12 of the dead UN peacekeepers were Tanzanians. It is suspected that the attackers were rebels of the

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On 24 February 2000 with the resolution 1291, the UN Security Council authorized the deployment of a maximum of 5537 military personnel in the DRC, including 500 military observers. On 4 April 2000 the Senegalese Major General

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On 1 March 2005, a vast cordon and search operation in Ituri was conducted by Nepalese, Pakistani and South African Infantry elements with the support of Indian attack helicopters, between 50 and 60 militiamen were killed.

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were engaged in a four hour firefight with LRA rebels, ending with the deaths of eight Guatemalans and fifteen rebels. They are believed to have been conducting a raid on an LRA encampment to capture LRA Deputy Commander

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documents, arguing that serious allegations of wrongdoing by Pakistani peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of Congo were ignored, minimized or shelved by the UN’s Organization of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS).

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In December 2000 there were 224 military personnel deployed, including 148 observers in thirteen points around the country. The observers could only record the non-application of the Ceasefire, the violent fighting at

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for use as a base to launch attacks. This occurred after a peace treaty failed, with the resultant fighting displacing thousands. The park was taken due to its strategic location on a main road leading to the city of

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of "conscripting and enlisting children under the age of fifteen years and using them to participate actively in hostilities." The Congolese national authorities transferred Lubanga to ICC custody on 17 March 2006.

8813: 1604:, as they would be able to deploy soldiers sooner, working as a "bridging force" until the UN reinforcements arrived. British EU spokeswoman Catriona Little stated that they were "not ruling in or out EU forces". 2323:

The UN has recorded a total of 161 fatalities among MONUC personnel, up to 1 July 2010, as follows: 100 military personnel, 10 military observers, 6 UN police, 12 international civilians, and 30 local civilians.

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in camps and the civilians in the town. UNSCR 1493 authorized an increase of military personnel to 10,800, imposed an arms embargo, and authorized MONUC to use all necessary means to fulfill its mandate in the

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in eastern provinces of DRC. US, UK and some other Security Council members were also supportive of the idea. However, Rwanda, which had denied allegations by UN experts that it has been supporting the

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Even though the beginning of 2001 was still hampered by sporadic combat, the military observers could fulfill their mission in regards with the disengagement of forces and the withdrawal of some of the

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In June 2011, the UN announced that it would withdraw about 2,000 peace-keepers by the end of the month. The UN announcement came only a few days after India's decision to withdraw all of its four

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in June 2014, the UN announced it would send MONUSCO peacekeeping troops to the area to protect the population. "These violent acts are unacceptable and need to stop immediately," said Kobler.

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operations improved the security conditions in Ituri but, at the same time, the peacekeepers became the target of the militias. On 12 February 2004, a military observer was killed in Ituri.

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In February 2005, nine Bangladeshi UN troops were killed during an ambush in Ituri. The actions of the Ituri and Kivu Brigades became more robust and the pressure rose on all armed groups.

10194: 7905: 1584:, asked the UN to send 3,000 more peacekeepers to reinforce the 17,000-strong garrison in the Congo, the largest garrison of its kind. This echoed calls from Human Rights Watch and other 333: 9140: 7865: 1006:

provinces as well as the presence of foreign troops in the DRC. The deployment of UN troops was impossible due to the security situation and the reluctance of the Congolese government.

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The first liaison officers arrived in the DRC on 3 September 1999. In November 1999 the number of liaison officers totaled 55, distributed in the capitals of the warring countries (

462: 9948: 6734: 4887: 1322:, Kinshasa. Lubanga was accused of having ordered the killing of the peacekeepers in February 2005 and of orchestrating continuous insecurity in the area. On 10 February 2006, the 10199: 8493: 7446: 6646: 6335: 1071:, the military observers, within their capacities, could also contribute to the voluntary disarmament, demobilization, repatriation and reintegration process of the armed groups. 321: 9605: 8854: 8742: 7562: 7150: 5988: 1288:

improving border security through regional confidence-building mechanisms, such as the Joint Verification Mechanism, and effective patrolling and monitoring of the arms embargo;

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In November 2003, a total of 10,415 peacekeepers were in the DRC, comprising infantry units, engineer units, helicopter units, logistic units, medical units and riverine units.

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Mampilly, Zachariah (2014). "Indian peacekeeping and the performance of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo". In Wyss, Marco; Tardy, Thierry (eds.).

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release of all prisoners of war, military captives and the return of the remains, to facilitate humanitarian assistance and to assist the Facilitator of the National Dialogue.

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The withdrawal of 7,000 Ugandan troops in April 2003 led to a deteriorating security situation in the Ituri Province, endangering the peace process. The UN Secretary General

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were used in an effort to halt the advance of the rebels, who claimed to be within 7 miles (11 km) of Goma. Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for DRC

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and the nature of the mission of the peacekeepers changed. The military observers monitored the withdrawal of 20,000 Rwandan soldiers, but they also noted the rise of

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By 2005, the strength of UN peacekeeping forces in Congo reached more than 16,000 troops, split almost equally between the Western Brigade and the Eastern Division.

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after the national army retreated. MONUSCO troops observed without intervening, as their mandate only allowed them to protect civilians. French Foreign Minister

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groups in the region, who were also asking for reinforcements to bring stability to the area. In a shared statement, the coalition of organizations stated that

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Ugandan rebels ambushed a MONUSCO convoy about 7 miles (11 km) from Beni, killing two Tanzanian soldiers. Four other peacekeepers were reported missing.

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In October 2005, by Resolution 1635, the UN Security Council authorized a temporary increase of 300 military personnel to permit a deployment to Katanga.

1078:, the Security Council launched the third phase of the deployment of MONUC troops, in the eastern DRC. The site for the logistical base was planned to be 8825: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7895: 7789: 7411: 5891: 521: 343: 2000:, DRC. The mission views the DRC as consisting of 6 sectors, each with its own staff headquarters. In 2005-6 the Eastern Division however was formed at 9423: 8179: 7860: 7738: 7317: 7263: 7180: 7096: 7081: 5707: 256: 210: 10174: 9636: 9453: 9313: 8872: 8866: 8848: 8315: 7458: 7175: 2630: 385: 329: 193: 4606: 9777: 9027: 8984: 8925: 8801: 7733: 7513: 7005: 6971: 6892: 6709: 5463: 5434: 5343: 1829: 1645: 1557:

In the immediate aftermath of the Kiwanja Massacre, the recently-appointed civilian and military heads of the UN peacekeeping force in North Kivu,

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The approved budget for MONUC, from 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008, is US$ 1.16 billion, the largest for any current UN peacekeeping operation.

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On 4 November 2008, a 200-fighter strong Mai Mai militia force launched a surprise attack on CNDP troops in Kiwanja, a CNDP-controlled town near

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Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.

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In September 2003, the Ituri brigade was in place, including soldiers from Uruguay, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Indonesia, India and Morocco.

10017: 9936: 9571: 8990: 8706: 8670: 7557: 7463: 6954: 6883: 1278:, authorized a reinforcement of 5,900 military personnel and defined the mandate with the strategic military objectives of the MONUC force as: 348: 5494: 9653: 9253: 9044: 8819: 8646: 8622: 8564: 8221: 7985: 7498: 7493: 7468: 7332: 7155: 7106: 6983: 6959: 6727:"Over Five Million Dead in Congo? Fifteen Hundred People Daily? Behind the Numbers Redux: How Truth is Hidden, Even When it Seems to Be Told" 6598: 6199: 6040: 5917: 4669: 9591: 8712: 8400: 7621: 6479: 1260:

It was decided that the troops present in the Kivus will be assembled under the unified command of a brigade. In March the Nigerian General

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to maintain security in key areas of the country. Accordingly, he proposed the creation of a brigade in Ituri to support the peace process.

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Rwandan soldiers infiltrated by Rwanda, with the Kabila government's support, into the national army, the Armed Forces of the DRC (FARDC).

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authorized the deployment of the Interim Emergency Multinational Force (IEMF) in Bunia with a task to secure the airport and protect both

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COUNCIL JOINT ACTION 2006/319/CFSP of 27 April 2006 on the European Union military operation in support of the UN Mission in the Congo

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explained the necessity of engaging the rebels, stating that "... can't allow population centres to be threatened... had to engage."

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authorized the deployment of an intervention brigade within MONUSCO to carry out targeted offensive operations, with or without the

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Brussels, Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville and South Africa. Brown was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Africa (1987–1989) under

1951:, North Kivu. The same day, three peacekeepers and seven civilians were killed during an attack on a MONUSCO base by protesters in 1700: 5679: 1483:

On 27 October 2008 riots began around the United Nations compound in Goma, and civilians pelted the building with rocks and threw

9728: 9705: 9343: 8576: 7091: 6944: 6874: 6622: 5632: 5612: 4940: 1652: 1581: 546: 5673: 1155:. In the same month an observer died in a mine explosion. In May 2003 two military observers were savagely killed by a militia. 9892: 9155: 9017: 8694: 8640: 8634: 7723: 7646: 7503: 7478: 6923: 6763:

The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding"', Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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announced that it would be sending an additional 850 troops and four combat helicopters to aid the MONUC peacekeeping effort.

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In addition, the following nations have contributed with police personnel: Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,

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Growing military conflict in DRC caused the United Nations to seek additional military help from major powers. In July 2003,

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In October 2009, India announced a US$ 263 million aid package to Congo to help the country's information technology,

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was appointed force commander in March 2005 after Spanish General Vincente Diaz de Villegas resigned for personal reasons.

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The origin of this second United Nations military presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is found in the

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In 2007 and 2008, in several news and TV reports, the BBC published own evidence about Pakistani MONUC peacekeepers in

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On 15 November, MONUSCO helicopter gunships were deployed to support government forces as they fought to hold off a

9850: 9054: 8262: 7431: 4407: 2333: 2313: 1985: 1937: 1274:

Though the Secretary General had asked for an increase of 13,100 soldiers, in October 2004 the Security Council by

1020: 615: 4644: 9483: 9463: 8901: 8789: 8018: 7436: 7421: 6990: 6966: 6147:"Secretary-General Appoints Maman Sambo Sidikou of Niger Special Representative for Democratic Republic of Congo" 5048: 4578: 2372: 2287: 1963:

called for investigations as to whether the cable was shot by Congolese security forces or MONUSCO peacekeepers.

1577: 1573: 619: 105: 6502:"MONUSCO Leadership – United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo" 1644:

and railway sectors. India also renewed its military commitments to MONUC while Congo expressed its support for

9810: 9677: 9187: 7616: 7140: 7076: 6978: 4477: 2336:, 1,011 police, who were supported by 931 international civilian personnel, 2,062 local civilian staff and 585 2316:, 1,011 police, who were supported by 931 international civilian personnel, 2,062 local civilian staff and 585 2124: 1975: 1127:

of the country were shut down. Over one hundred observers were redeployed and Uruguayan contingents arrived in

489: 5887: 9886: 8430: 8310: 8228: 8149: 8107: 8067: 7995: 7676: 7601: 7586: 6915: 4928: 1464: 5835: 5777: 5704: 4444:

Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) has been worked for Anvil mining in Katanga since 2006.

999: 8216: 8077: 6847: 5169: 1959:

were killed by electrocution after soldiers shot an electric cable which fell on them. South Kivu governor

1688: 1455:

Indian peacekeepers on duty, protecting aid workers. India was the single largest contributor of personnel.

1323: 1190:

and also in North and South Kivu, as it deemed the additional provinces to be within MONUC's capabilities,

5121: 9942: 9353: 8442: 7292: 7111: 5347: 2151: 1762: 1315: 1182: 611: 59: 7451: 6706: 5459: 5430: 2004:

and took over brigades in North Kivu, South Kivu, and Ituri, along with two or three of the Sector HQs.

9216: 9196: 9191: 8087: 8050: 8045: 7631: 7379: 7051: 6939: 6501: 5985:"International News | World News - ABC News | Casualties as Congo and UN Forces Fight Rebels" 5964: 926: 118: 4614: 1210: 10164: 10040: 7820: 7806: 7694: 7337: 7242: 7225: 6896: 4401: 2337: 2317: 2147: 1499: 607:

Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en République démocratique du Congo

9469: 9181: 6827: 5486: 2687: 2395: 10034: 8112: 8097: 7682: 6812: 6775: 6591: 6036: 5913: 1925: 1885: 1558: 9720: 9419: 6471: 1928:(ADF). This brought the total casualties of UN forces since the mission commenced in Congo to 93. 10154: 9329: 9097: 8057: 6840: 2376: 2332:

On 31 October 2007 MONUC had a total of 18,407 uniformed personnel, including 16,661 troops, 735

1849: 1813: 1812:

told the UN Security Council during a closed-door session that the mission plans to deploy three

1596:, particularly in the town of Kiwanja, where hundreds of civilian deaths have now been recorded." 1381: 1027: 4677: 2340:. As of June 2022, major troop contributors, in order of total number of military personnel are 2312:

Total strength, on 31 October 2007 was 18,407 uniformed personnel, including 16,661 troops, 735

1771:

attack south of Kibumba; the combined army and UN assault killed approximately 64 M23 fighters.

1282:

proactively contributing to the pacification and general improvement of security in the country;

9844: 9815: 8144: 7606: 7327: 6561: 5278: 1873: 1845: 1680: 686: 9686: 6758: 4590: 2375:

voted unanimously to reinforce MONUC with 3,085 more peacekeepers to deal with trouble in the

1960: 9804: 9064: 9059: 9032: 8371: 8343: 8335: 8132: 8030: 7743: 7185: 6906: 6774:

Joshua Kucera, "Rough Ride: UN Forces face Tough Challenges restoring stability in the DRC",

1943: 1472: 9212: 8174: 2286:

In July 2004 there were 10,531 UN soldiers under MONUC's command. On 1 October 2004, the UN

1460:

August 2008, the Indian Army had launched an official probe to look into these allegations.

1228:

announced that it would be sending an additional 300 personnel and combat aircraft from the

10099: 9832: 9787: 9690: 9163: 9049: 8361: 8325: 8320: 8272: 8003: 7252: 6037:"United Nations News Centre - DR Congo: UN chief deplores killing of Tanzanian peacekeeper" 5195: 2412: 1920: 1311: 1016: 8093:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

6063: 6011:"International News | World News - ABC News | Rebels Declare Ceasefire in Congo" 5939: 4430:(FNI) militia leaders, eventually drawing Congolese army officers and Indian traders from 8: 9838: 8062: 3404: 2438: 1892: 1660: 1545:

civilians had been killed in Kiwanja in what has since been dubbed the Kiwanja Massacre.

1529: 594:

United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

6878: 665:

The following nations (in alphabetical order) have contributed with military personnel:

203: 9930: 8194: 6330: 5400: 5315: 5283: 5257: 2654:

As of 31 March 2022, the total number of personnel in the mission is 14,789:

1837: 1593: 1550: 1420:

contributing to the protection of civilians under imminent threat of physical violence;

238: 1741:

combat helicopters from MONUSCO and eventually cease peace-keeping operations in DRC.

8204: 8159: 8139: 8024: 7794: 7688: 7626: 7426: 6887: 6796: 6782: 6781:

Miller, Eric, "The Inability of Peacekeeping to Address the Security Dilemma," 2010.

6764: 5747: 5245: 5235: 1919:

On 8 December 2017, the Semuliki operating base, 27 miles from the town of Beni, was

1818: 1768: 1609: 1525: 1495: 1346:

contributing protection and transport. In Ituri over 15000 militiamen were disarmed.

1318:, and other militia leaders were arrested by Congolese authorities and imprisoned in 1247: 1217: 1194: 9697: 5100: 4884:"Guatemalan blue helmet deaths stir Congo debate - Democratic Republic of the Congo" 4757: 1524:

In November 2008, India announced that it would be sending the 3rd battalion of the

10064:

National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy

9793: 9781: 9756: 9645: 7760: 7700: 7670: 7352: 7046: 6531: 6146: 6120: 5861: 4467: 2514: 1832:, against armed groups that threaten peace in eastern DRC. The brigade is based in 1825: 1641: 1637:. Consequently, all of the accused personnel were let off due to lack of evidence. 1585: 1576:. The resolution, signed by 44 different organizations and with the backing of the 1484: 1440: 1229: 1083: 1003: 631: 2683: 908:(1999). UNSCR 2556 (2020) provides the authority for the current MONUSCO mandate. 9752: 9111: 7123: 6713: 6694: 6675: 6629: 6452: 6290: 6225: 5971: 5742: 5711: 4947: 4924: 4789: 4549: 2419: 2297:

On 25 February 2005, nine Bangladeshi peacekeepers were killed by members of the

2105: 2050: 1863:

A team of technicians prepares for the inaugural flight of the UAV, December 2013

1754: 1718: 1384:

and the Guatemalan public, who demanded an official inquiry into the engagement.

1114:. At the end of 2002 there were a total of 4,200 UN soldiers in the DRC. Through 1107: 979: 8385: 6822: 6668: 6445: 5914:"Tanzanian troops arrive in eastern DR Congo as part of UN intervention brigade" 5369: 5070: 4821: 10113: 9659: 9601: 9226: 9167: 8439: 6863: 6643:"Last batch of Tanzanian troops now in Goma for the Force Intervention Brigade" 4762: 4457: 4395: 4241: 3107: 2611: 2507: 2476: 2302: 2143: 1797: 1779: 1664: 1601: 1541: 1487:, claiming that the UN forces had done nothing to prevent the RCD advance. The 1468: 1403: 1392: 1268: 1198: 1187: 1166: 1148: 1111: 854: 710: 656:

Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en République démocratique du Congo

643: 635: 225: 28: 9409: 5542: 2290:

decided to deploy 5,900 more soldiers to Congo, although UN Secretary-General

10143: 5751: 5249: 4861: 4728:"Operation Artemis: The Lessons of the Interim Emergency Multinational Force" 4462: 4440: 4268: 2573: 2552: 2526: 2488: 2457: 2015: 1896: 1809: 1676: 858: 639: 37: 6687: 6257:"Islamist attack kills at least 15 UN peacekeepers and five soldiers in DRC" 1197:

had already shown interest in leading the operation. It soon broadened to a

9897: 9667: 9202: 8390: 8267: 8127: 7128: 6828:

Foreign Policy: Prime numbers – Soldiers of Misfortune -Mai/June 2009 issue

4025: 3998: 2918: 2623: 2408: 2353: 2160: 2086: 1907: 1377: 1339: 1202: 826: 694: 93: 9479: 4391:

International civilian employees and volunteers, and DRC nationals: 2,636

1402:

The European Council approved the launching of the EU military operation,

933:

of 6 August 1999, authorizing the deployment of a maximum of 90 officers.

10005: 9996: 8356: 8170:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

6391:"Two officers arrested over DR Congo crackdown as death toll rises to 56" 5516: 4963: 4410: 4079: 3836: 3080: 2383:, petitioned the council to send reinforcements to stabilize the region. 1749: 1722: 1669: 1562: 1509: 1296: 1096: 838: 782: 746: 9106: 6200:"Fourteen UN peacekeepers killed in Democratic Republic of Congo attack" 5634:

Alan Doss meets the Russian crew of a MONUC helicopter attacked in Dongo

1774:

On 20 November 2012, 23 March Movement seized the provincial capital of

1491:

also retreated under pressure from the rebel army in a "major retreat."

1285:

providing support for conflict resolution in politically volatile areas;

9701: 9663: 9649: 9289: 9279: 8257: 7322: 6705:

Human Rights Watch: UN: Tackle Wrongdoing by Peacekeepers, May 1, 2008

4705: 4636: 3485: 3242: 2756: 2592: 2349: 2291: 1513: 1414:

supporting and providing security to MONUC installations and personnel;

1159: 1140: 1132: 892:, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Sweden, Switzerland, 889: 670: 112: 9389: 6091:"Dispute over cows leaves 37 dead, 20 others injured in eastern Congo" 2682:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1648:. These developments helped thaw relations between the two countries. 9499: 9473: 9459: 9359: 6707:

https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/05/01/un-tackle-wrongdoing-peacekeepers

4794: 4423: 3377: 3296: 2495: 2361: 2251: 2001: 1691:. Along with RDF regulars, MONUC troops have been fighting alongside 1503: 1327: 1171: 1055: 1039: 995: 830: 738: 730: 9339: 9319: 9309: 9299: 9259: 6171: 5738:"India's withdrawal of helicopters from Congo points to wider trend" 2399:

Ukraine aviation unit flight reconnaissance mission over North Kivu.

1451: 131: 9750: 9587: 9577: 9539: 9519: 9489: 9439: 9429: 7247: 7235: 6326:"At least 15 killed as anti-UN protests spread in eastern DR Congo" 4826: 4349: 4106: 3782: 3755: 3593: 3539: 3161: 2972: 2891: 2545: 2341: 2245: 2239: 1997: 1537: 1372: 1291:

gathering and analysing military and other information on spoilers.

1047: 1043: 961: 957: 953: 881: 842: 798: 794: 770: 762: 698: 81: 77: 9632: 9611: 9567: 9557: 9529: 9509: 9449: 9399: 9379: 9269: 9249: 1371:

In late January, a group of 80 Guatemalan Special Forces from the

10170:

United Nations operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

10088: 9349: 8165:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

6832: 6363: 5396:"A Plea from Local Organizations and Civil Society in North Kivu" 5200: 4295: 4214: 4160: 3944: 3890: 3701: 3620: 3134: 2864: 2783: 2729: 2564: 2469: 2431: 2365: 2263: 2257: 2090: 2072: 2054: 1980:

In August 2023, protesters clashed with soldiers in a protest in

1952: 1512:

personnel were asked to deploy themselves from Goma to adjoining

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In September, Ukraine withdrew its 250 troops from the mission.

1675:

Sources in Kinshasa reported that in mid-November DRC President

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Uruguay officials travel to assess troops in Congo — MercoPress

4322: 4187: 4052: 3971: 3917: 3863: 3728: 3512: 3431: 3323: 3215: 2999: 2945: 2837: 2642: 2604: 2175: 2128: 1856:

government soldiers and ten UN peacekeepers were also wounded.

1319: 1267:

In June 2004, Bukavu, South Kivu was occupied by rebel general

1255:

Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

1136: 1128: 941: 937: 897: 885: 870: 834: 822: 814: 806: 758: 750: 722: 702: 690: 9951:(FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001) 5311:"Killings in Kiwanja: The UN's Inability to Protect Civilians" 10093: 9973: 9383: 8777: 7210: 6359:"Four civilians electrocuted during Congo anti-U.N. protests" 5139:"UN peacekeepers braced for full-scale war in central Africa" 4431: 3674: 3647: 3458: 3350: 3269: 3188: 3053: 2810: 2585: 2450: 2357: 2345: 2275: 2269: 2109: 1956: 1910:(on right) in Kalemie in 2021, observing COVID-19 precautions 1738: 1692: 1684: 1656: 1625: 1436: 1225: 1144: 1100: 1079: 866: 786: 778: 754: 734: 726: 718: 706: 678: 9673: 6291:"Ukraine troops leave DR Congo peacekeeping mission Monusco" 6172:

Joe Sterling; Robyn Kriel; Eric Levenson (8 December 2017).

4990:"Thousands flee fighting as Congo rebels seize gorilla park" 10195:

1999 establishments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

9880: 5778:"UN defends failed attempt to halt capture of Congo's Goma" 5675:

Equateur: An extra 500 MONUC troops being deployed to Dongo

5593: 4133: 3809: 3566: 3026: 1981: 1948: 1940:, Ukraine withdrew its aviation unit of eight helicopters. 1775: 1477: 1059: 893: 877: 802: 766: 6417:"Exclusive: Mgwebi's term as MONUSCO force commander ends" 5232:

Peacekeeping in Africa: The Evolving Security Architecture

1357: 648:

United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo

6457: 4426:

had entered in a gold-for-guns trading relationship with

1380:. The incident caused a significant uproar from both the 16:

UN peacekeeping force in Democratic Republic of the Congo

10150:

Military history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

9369: 6667:

BBC News: UN troops 'traded gold for guns' 23 May 2007,

6121:"Tanzanian UN peacekeepers killed in DR Congo near Beni" 5836:"Congo rebels seize eastern city as U.N. forces look on" 2591:

Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General:

2572:

Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General:

10200:

Democratic Republic of the Congo and the United Nations

2403:

The names of the MONUSCO command staff are as follows:

1600:

Local groups in the Congo also requested help from the

5614:

Equateur: New interdisciplinary MONUC mission in Dongo

4601: 4599: 1568:

On 18 November, a draft resolution spearheaded by the

1395:

force to support MONUC during the period encompassing

634:, though much of its focus subsequently turned to the 6088: 5655:

Belgian Paratroopers To Crush Rising Congo Rebellion?

5543:"Egypt to send more than 1,325 peacekeepers to Congo" 1103:

following the explosion of a mine under his vehicle.

8123:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

8073:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

6284: 6282: 5803:

Jeffrey Gettleman and Josh Kron (20 November 2012).

5431:"Britain, France push for more U.N. troops in Congo" 5124:. Falkland-malvinas.com. Retrieved 4 September 2013. 4941:

Indian Army aviators head for Congo on UN deployment

4732:

United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations

1635:

United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services

1439:

announced that it would be sending an additional 70

5940:"NGOs concerned about new DRC Intervention Brigade" 5484: 5344:"More peacekeepers won't bring peace to Congo – UN" 5196:"Gurkhas to join Indian troops in Congo U.N. force" 4596: 1955:. On 27 July, four protesters at a MONUSCO base in 1326:(ICC) issued an arrest warrant for Lubanga for the 8180:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 5170:"Congo rebels reach Goma edge, declare cease-fire" 1387:On 25 April 2006, the UN Security Council adopted 1106:On 30 July 2002, the different parties signed the 9637:International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia 8316:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 6724: 6357:Kyala, Crispin; Bujakera, Stanis (27 July 2022). 6279: 5974:. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 4 September 2013. 5341: 4692: 4664: 4662: 1753:Members of Uruguayan Riverine Company patrolling 1651:In December, MONUC rushed peacekeeping troops to 1427:This mission came to an end on 30 November 2006. 1232:to strengthen the UN peacekeeping effort in DRC. 10160:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 10141: 5335: 2379:. They voted after 44 organizations, led by the 1062:, and Mbandaka. A Uruguayan riverine unit and a 146:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 10094:National Union for Total Independence of Angola 9974:National Union for Total Independence of Angola 8290:World Federation of United Nations Associations 7785:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 6686:BBC Panorama: Mission Impossible, 28 Apr 2008, 5487:"Extra 3,100 UN troops to be deployed to Congo" 5425: 5423: 2281: 1417:contributing to airport protection in Kinshasa; 931:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1258 10018:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda 5965:UN gives ultimatum to DR Congo rebels – Africa 4659: 4572: 1399:in the DR Congo, which began on 30 July 2006. 10185:Pakistan military presence in other countries 9736: 9141: 9045:United Nations Department of Peace Operations 8416: 6848: 6669:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6681457.stm 6356: 5705:DR Congo calls on UN to withdraw peacekeepers 5279:"A Massacre in Congo, Despite Nearby Support" 5270: 4593: (1999) Retrieved 6 September 2008. 1804:during a training exercise in Sake, July 2013 573: 10004:(RDR, alleged successor organization to the 8185:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 5729: 5420: 5019:"Protesters attack U.N. HQ in eastern Congo" 5013: 5011: 4701:"Europeans call for more UN troops in Congo" 2411:was appointed to lead MONUSCO and to be the 2019:Locations of MONUC units as of December 2009 1391:, authorising the temporary deployment of a 1034:. The force was deployed in four sectors at 912:India being the single largest contributor. 605: 6632:. Kitekinto.hu. Retrieved 4 September 2013. 5651: 5589:"India announces $ 263-mn credit for Congo" 5583: 5581: 5478: 5225: 5223: 5045:"U.N. gunships battle rebels in east Congo" 1423:evacuation operations in case of emergency. 1246:Deploying the Ituri brigade and conducting 630:(2000) to monitor the peace process of the 547:Democratic Republic of the Congo portal 9743: 9729: 9148: 9134: 8423: 8409: 8278:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 8190:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 6855: 6841: 6623:Magyar katonák küzdelme afrikai hadurakkal 6064:"SA snipers kill Congo rebels | eNCA" 5833: 5560:"Congo abuse: Army clean chit to soldiers" 5388: 4790:"DRC: India, Pakistan to Send More Troops" 580: 566: 10002:Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda 5678:, MONUC, 16 December 2009, archived from 5637:, MONUC, 12 December 2009, archived from 5617:, MONUC, 24 November 2009, archived from 5605: 5454: 5452: 5362: 5234:. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis. 5037: 5008: 4629: 2649: 1793:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade 1471:seized a major military camp, along with 988:Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter 10175:United Nations Security Council mandates 7707:Conference on International Organization 6688:http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00b4d3j 6414: 5724:U.N. peacekeepers start Congo withdrawal 5578: 5485:Angela Balakrishnan (20 November 2008). 5276: 5229: 5220: 5193: 5132: 5130: 4958: 4956: 2394: 2014: 1901: 1858: 1796: 1748: 1450: 1410:, Germany. The mission was tasked with: 1356: 1165: 9968:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement 9933:(RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999) 7622:Office international d'hygiène publique 6592:"UN Mission's Contributions by Country" 6288: 5862:"DR Congo M23 rebels 'enter Goma city'" 5854: 5805:"Congo Rebels Seize Provincial Capital" 5796: 4514: 4512: 1996:The headquarters of the mission are in 1668:helicopter pilot), who were brought to 1646:India's UNSC permanent seat candidature 10142: 7417:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 6604:from the original on 13 September 2018 6301:from the original on 25 September 2022 6070:from the original on 24 September 2015 5920:from the original on 28 September 2013 5652:Harmon Snow, Keith (7 December 2009), 5554: 5552: 5449: 5342:Louis Charbonneau (18 November 2008). 5047:. CNN. 28 October 2008. Archived from 5021:. CNN. 24 October 2008. Archived from 2415:'s Special Representative to the DRC. 2232: 9931:RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération 9910:(faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002) 9724: 9129: 8404: 8331:UN television film series (1964–1966) 8083:International Narcotics Control Board 8014:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 7802:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 7773:Convention on the Rights of the Child 7751:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6836: 6737:from the original on 30 November 2021 6725:Keith Harmon Snow (30 January 2008). 6512:from the original on 14 February 2015 6320: 6318: 6316: 6254: 6236:from the original on 16 November 2018 6180:from the original on 17 November 2018 6089:Crispin Kyalangalilwa (7 June 2014). 6017:from the original on 1 September 2013 5894:from the original on 14 December 2013 5888:"Rwanda opposes use of drones in DRC" 5842:from the original on 21 November 2012 5815:from the original on 20 November 2012 5784:from the original on 29 November 2012 5758:from the original on 20 December 2020 5735: 5693:3 Indian peacekeepers killed in Congo 5566:from the original on 27 February 2023 5497:from the original on 4 September 2013 5376:from the original on 20 November 2008 5189: 5187: 5136: 5127: 4953: 4890:from the original on 7 September 2018 4473:United Nations Operation in the Congo 960:) including 24 who were stationed in 10047:Nationalist and Integrationist Front 9925:Movement for the Liberation of Congo 9404:United Nations Special Service Medal 9207:United Nations Emergency Force Medal 8155:United Nations Postal Administration 7790:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 7509:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 6649:from the original on 3 December 2013 6482:from the original on 15 October 2011 6289:Cyuzuzo, Samba (19 September 2022). 6267:from the original on 22 October 2018 6226:"UN peacekeepers killed in DR Congo" 6206:from the original on 8 December 2017 6153:from the original on 4 December 2016 6055: 6043:from the original on 5 November 2013 5868:from the original on 5 December 2012 5686: 5466:from the original on 9 December 2008 5437:from the original on 9 December 2008 5277:Polgreen, Lydia (11 December 2008). 5167: 5137:Philp, Catherine (30 October 2008). 5077:from the original on 28 October 2008 4996:from the original on 27 October 2008 4802:from the original on 20 October 2012 4509: 4428:Nationalist and Integrationist Front 4417: 2668: 2610:Force Commander: Lieutenant General 2299:Nationalist and Integrationist Front 2206:Ricardo Augusto Ferreira Costa Neves 1848:with the Brigade being commanded by 1443:personnel to join the MONOU effort. 1264:took over the command of the force. 42:MONUSCO deployment in September 2019 10180:Military operations involving India 7558:Permanent representatives to the UN 7447:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 6174:"15 UN peacekeepers slain in Congo" 6127:from the original on 9 January 2016 6003: 5991:from the original on 28 August 2013 5549: 5370:"Congo rebels 'to withdraw troops'" 5194:Majumdar, Bappa (7 November 2008). 5071:"UN joins battle with Congo rebels" 4970:from the original on 9 January 2016 4964:"UN probes India 'abuses' in Congo" 4782: 4770:from the original on 9 January 2016 4699:Pop, Valentina (19 November 2008). 4698: 2327: 2010: 618:(DRC) which was established by the 504:in Democratic Republic of the Congo 13: 8367:Withdrawal from the United Nations 7553:Security Council Permanent members 6862: 6752: 6313: 6149:. United Nations. 8 October 2015. 6029: 5977: 5946:from the original on 8 August 2014 5523:from the original on 13 March 2013 5184: 5168:Faul, Michelle (29 October 2008). 4822:"DR Congo rebel faces Hague trial" 4637:"Security Council Resolution 2348" 4560:from the original on 19 April 2009 4530:from the original on 1 August 2021 2250:Sector 2 and Eastern Division HQ: 1824:In March 2013, the United Nations 1679:secretly airlifted a battalion of 929:on 17 July 1999 and the following 14: 10211: 10190:United Nations Military Observers 10012:Army for the Liberation of Rwanda 8352:United Nations in popular culture 8036:Expulsion from the United Nations 7981:General Assembly President (2016) 6806: 6572:from the original on 30 June 2019 6446:"Two DR Congo peacekeepers freed" 6371:from the original on 27 July 2022 6338:from the original on 26 July 2022 5597:, 29 October 2009, archived from 5562:. Indian Express. 13 March 2009. 5517:"DR Congo declines Indian troops" 4647:from the original on 25 June 2022 2664: Troop Contributions (Total) 1808:In January 2013 chief of MONUSCO 1672:for emergency medical treatment. 1295:Following the UN resolution, the 1112:ethnic violence in Ituri Province 884:, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Ghana, 10014:(ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997) 9696: 9685: 9672: 9658: 9644: 9631: 9610: 9600: 9586: 9576: 9566: 9556: 9538: 9528: 9518: 9508: 9498: 9488: 9478: 9468: 9458: 9448: 9438: 9428: 9418: 9408: 9398: 9388: 9378: 9368: 9358: 9348: 9338: 9328: 9318: 9308: 9298: 9288: 9278: 9268: 9258: 9248: 9225: 9211: 9201: 9186: 9157: 9105: 9092: 9091: 9078: 9055:United Nations Military Observer 8432: 8384: 6542:from the original on 9 July 2021 6415:Helfrich, K. (25 January 2018). 6255:Burke, Jason (8 December 2017). 6101:from the original on 8 June 2014 6061: 5714:, Radio Netherlands, 18 May 2011 5695:, Times of India, 19 August 2010 5460:"U.N. condemns Congo atrocities" 5408:from the original on 4 July 2022 5323:from the original on 4 July 2022 5291:from the original on 4 July 2022 5208:from the original on 4 July 2022 4834:from the original on 3 July 2015 4524:United Nations Secretary-General 4342: 4315: 4288: 4261: 4234: 4207: 4180: 4153: 4126: 4099: 4072: 4045: 4018: 3991: 3964: 3937: 3910: 3883: 3856: 3829: 3802: 3775: 3748: 3721: 3694: 3667: 3640: 3613: 3586: 3559: 3532: 3505: 3478: 3451: 3424: 3397: 3370: 3343: 3316: 3289: 3262: 3235: 3208: 3181: 3154: 3127: 3100: 3073: 3046: 3019: 2992: 2965: 2938: 2911: 2884: 2857: 2830: 2803: 2776: 2749: 2722: 2673: 2635: 2616: 2597: 2578: 2557: 2538: 2519: 2500: 2481: 2462: 2443: 2424: 2390: 1986:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1076:Security Council Resolution 1376 654:, an acronym of its French name 616:Democratic Republic of the Congo 540: 153: 36: 27: 9883:(Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance) 9164:Orders, decorations, and medals 9079: 7940:International Court of Justice 7489:Sport for Development and Peace 6718: 6699: 6680: 6661: 6635: 6616: 6584: 6562:"Troop and police contributors" 6554: 6524: 6494: 6464: 6439: 6408: 6383: 6350: 6248: 6218: 6192: 6165: 6139: 6113: 6082: 5958: 5932: 5916:. United Nations. 10 May 2013. 5906: 5880: 5834:Jonny Hogg (20 November 2012). 5827: 5770: 5717: 5698: 5666: 5645: 5625: 5535: 5509: 5303: 5161: 5115: 5089: 5063: 4982: 4950:, 17 May 2007 – 8:46:52 am 4934: 4911: 4902: 4876: 4846: 4814: 4641:United Nations Security Council 4579:United Nations Security Council 4490: 2373:United Nations Security Council 1991: 1574:United Nations Security Council 646:. The mission was known as the 620:United Nations Security Council 10100:White Legion (First Congo War) 7617:Permanent Court of Arbitration 7612:International Peace Conference 6979:International Court of Justice 5864:. BBC News. 20 November 2012. 4750: 4734:. October 2004. Archived from 4720: 4676:. 30 June 2010. Archived from 4542: 4478:2023 DRC anti-MONUSCO protests 2125:Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz 1976:2023 DRC anti-MONUSCO protests 1921:engaged in a protracted attack 392:Recent and upcoming elections 1: 9887:Rally for Congolese Democracy 8150:Sustainable Development Goals 7677:Declaration by United Nations 7602:International Telegraph Union 5780:. Reuters. 21 November 2012. 5736:Lynch, Colum (14 June 2011). 5262:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4929:Council of the European Union 4860:. 1 July 2006. Archived from 4503: 2629:Police Commissioner: Général 2221:Marcos de Sá Affonso da Costa 1783:want to risk civilian lives. 1465:Rally for Congolese Democracy 1362: 1170:An IDP camp around a base in 482:Ministry for Foreign Affairs 9949:Front de Libération du Congo 9939:(RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML) 8078:International Criminal Court 7514:UN organizations by location 6597:. Page 5, UN. 30 June 2013. 5890:. News 24. 9 December 2013. 5545:. Reuters. 18 February 2009. 4386: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3009: 3006: 3003: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2282:Force numbers and fatalities 1689:United States Africa Command 1324:International Criminal Court 1213:(SSG) group was also added. 1183:internally displaced persons 7: 9943:Union of Congolese Patriots 8212:Security Council veto power 7519:Sexual Violence in Conflict 7442:Economic and Social Affairs 7013:Economic and Social Council 6566:United Nations Peacekeeping 4931:, accessed 13 January 2007. 4758:"Indian Air Force to Congo" 4554:United Nations Peacekeeping 4451: 2294:had asked for some 12,000. 1938:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1763:2012 East DR Congo conflict 1316:Union of Congolese Patriots 612:United Nations peacekeeping 10: 10216: 9217:United Nations Korea Medal 9197:United Nations Peace Medal 9192:Captain Mbaye Diagne Medal 9018:History of UN peacekeeping 8263:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 8088:International Day of Peace 7570:General Assembly Observers 6893:General Assembly President 6039:. un.org. 29 August 2013. 2713:Troops and staff officers 1973: 1790: 1760: 1494:Meanwhile, United Nations 927:Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement 915: 119:Force Intervention Brigade 10130: 10112: 10079: 10070:National Liberation Front 10056: 10027: 9989: 9958: 9917: 9873: 9864: 9825: 9770: 9763: 9624: 9241: 9234: 9223: 9174: 9073: 9010: 8953: 8894: 8835: 8764: 8597: 8590: 8557: 8534: 8517: 8503: 8456: 8449: 8380: 8303: 7994: 7916: 7819: 7807:World Heritage Convention 7716: 7695:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 7657: 7594: 7585: 7531: 7405:General Assembly Building 7378: 7261: 7033: 6932: 6914: 6905: 6870: 6823:Indian Air Force in MONUC 6645:. MONUSCO. 12 June 2013. 5942:. IrinNews. 31 May 2013. 5519:. BBC. 26 November 2008. 5462:. CNN. 20 November 2008. 5433:. CNN. 19 November 2008. 5372:. BBC. 18 November 2008. 5346:. Reuters. Archived from 4946:30 September 2011 at the 4670:"MONUC Facts and Figures" 4402:United Nations Volunteers 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2371:On 20 November 2008, the 2338:United Nations Volunteers 2318:United Nations Volunteers 2174:Maj Gen Bernard Commins ( 1572:was presented before the 1209:, Uganda. A small 80-man 1026:In March 2001, the first 604:based on its French name 490:Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner 125: 111: 99: 87: 73: 65: 55: 47: 35: 26: 10035:Allied Democratic Forces 9702:NATO Non-Article 5 Medal 9691:NATO Non-Article 5 Medal 9116:Updated in November 2023 8113:Military Staff Committee 7452:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 6955:Deputy Secretary-General 6884:Deputy Secretary-General 6123:. BBC News. 6 May 2015. 5726:, The Star, 17 June 2010 5073:. BBC. 27 October 2008. 4992:. CNN. 26 October 2008. 4483: 1926:Allied Democratic Forces 1899:as head of the MONUSCO. 1886:Allied Democratic Forces 1814:unmanned aerial vehicles 1802:Tanzanian special forces 1706: 1559:Hiroute Guebre Sellassie 1361:Czech soldier in MONUC, 1253:With the arrival of the 967: 920: 322:Administrative divisions 10020:(FDLR, created in 2000) 8443:Peacekeeping Operations 8284:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 8246:UN International School 8241:UN Federal Credit Union 8222:Security Council reform 8058:Four Nations Initiative 7986:Security Council (2016) 7829:Security Council vetoes 6960:Under-Secretary-General 6674:17 October 2020 at the 5710:17 October 2012 at the 4966:. BBC. 13 August 2008. 4396:International Employees 2387:and 600 UN volunteers. 2381:French Foreign Ministry 2377:2008 Nord-Kivu conflict 1969: 1931: 1914: 1879: 1867: 1850:James Aloizi Mwakibolwa 1830:Congolese national army 1786: 1744: 1728: 1711: 1619: 1570:French Foreign Ministry 1489:Congolese national army 1446: 1430: 1382:Government of Guatemala 1352: 1302: 1241: 1121: 1089: 1009: 972: 10041:Lord's Resistance Army 9976:(UNITA, in Second War) 9927:(MLC, created in 1998) 9784:/ FARDC, after Mobutu) 9182:Dag Hammarskjöld Medal 8234:Security Council mural 8200:Millennium Declaration 8145:SDG Publishers Compact 7607:Universal Postal Union 4496:Acting Force Commander 2650:Contributing countries 2400: 2020: 1911: 1874:2014 South Kivu attack 1864: 1805: 1758: 1681:Rwandan Defense Forces 1598: 1578:British Foreign Office 1528:regiment to replace a 1456: 1368: 1211:Swedish Special Forces 1174: 1030:guard unit arrived in 687:Bosnia and Herzegovina 606: 533:United Nations Mission 500:Diplomatic missions of 10096:(UNITA, in First War) 9065:Women in peacekeeping 9060:United Nations Police 8372:Women in peacekeeping 8031:Drug control treaties 6776:Jane's Defence Weekly 6712:14 April 2017 at the 6693:17 April 2019 at the 5970:1 August 2013 at the 4923:20 April 2008 at the 2398: 2307:2006 general election 2018: 1947:fire at a protest in 1944:Anti-MONUSCO protests 1936:In March, due to the 1905: 1862: 1800: 1752: 1590: 1473:Virunga National Park 1454: 1397:the general elections 1360: 1216:The operation called 1169: 900:, Ukraine and Yemen. 9790:(FAA, in Second War) 9751:Armed groups in the 9050:United Nations Medal 8326:United Nations Radio 8321:United Nations Medal 8273:University for Peace 8004:Bretton Woods system 7739:governed territories 7484:Developing Countries 7395:Secretariat Building 7264:Specialized agencies 5404:. 18 November 2008. 5319:. 11 December 2008. 4550:"MONUSCO Fact Sheet" 2413:UN Secretary General 1906:The head of MONUSCO 1314:, the leader of the 1312:Thomas Lubanga Dyilo 301:Constitutional Court 60:Peacekeeping mission 10080:Government-aligned, 9835:(FAA, in First War) 9112:Politics portal 8098:International Years 8063:Genocide Convention 7499:Outer Space Affairs 7494:Disarmament Affairs 7459:Safety and Security 7400:Conference Building 7380:Secretariat offices 7025:Trusteeship Council 6778:, 13 September 2006 6759:Séverine Autesserre 6451:8 July 2006 at the 6232:. 8 December 2017. 5662:on 26 December 2009 5103:on 18 November 2016 4886:. 31 January 2006. 4526:. 14 January 2021. 2534:Amos Namanga Ngongi 2439:Maman Sambo Sidikou 2233:Sector headquarters 2191:Elias Martins Filho 2025: 2024:MONUSCO commanders 1961:Théo Ngwabidje Kasi 1893:Maman Sambo Sidikou 1661:Sud-Ubangi District 1530:Sikh Light Infantry 1463:On 26 October 2008 1338:Senegalese General 106:UN Security Council 101:Parent organization 23: 8836:Asia & Pacific 8518:Asia & Pacific 8118:Official languages 7665:London Declaration 7474:Internal Oversight 7464:Palestinian Rights 7036:Funds, programmes, 6628:1 May 2016 at the 6427:on 31 January 2018 6013:. abcnews.go.com. 5987:. abcnews.go.com. 5809:The New York Times 5601:on 21 October 2012 5401:Human Rights Watch 5350:on 5 December 2008 5316:Human Rights Watch 5284:The New York Times 5172:. Associated Press 5051:on 29 October 2008 5025:on 30 October 2008 4798:. 6 October 2004. 2401: 2334:military observers 2314:military observers 2226:28 September 2024 2023: 2021: 1912: 1865: 1806: 1759: 1610:summary executions 1582:Mark Malloch Brown 1551:Human Rights Watch 1457: 1369: 1175: 1108:Pretoria agreement 306:Court of Cassation 21: 10137: 10136: 10108: 10107: 9860: 9859: 9757:Second Congo Wars 9718: 9717: 9714: 9713: 9625:Mandated Missions 9123: 9122: 9006: 9005: 8586: 8585: 8398: 8397: 8229:UN Art Collection 8205:Millennium Summit 8160:UN Block By Block 8140:Ralph Bunche Park 8108:UN laissez-passer 8068:UN Global Compact 8025:Delivering as One 7924:Secretary-General 7815: 7814: 7795:Indigenous Caucus 7689:Tehran Conference 7683:Moscow Conference 7658:Preparatory years 7627:League of Nations 7527: 7526: 7427:Palace of Nations 7129:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 6945:Secretary-General 6888:Amina J. Mohammed 6875:Secretary-General 6801:978-0-595-46896-6 6787:978-3-8383-4027-2 6731:allthingspass.com 4830:. 17 March 2006. 4680:on 26 August 2011 4643:. 31 March 2017. 4418:Criminal activity 4384: 4383: 2695: 2694: 2407:In January 2021, 2368:(nearly 10,000). 2230: 2229: 1891:In October 2015, 1819:March 23 Movement 1769:23 March Movement 1717:base of the 19th 1526:3rd Gorkha Rifles 1500:armoured vehicles 1485:Molotov cocktails 1248:cordon and search 1218:Operation Artemis 1195:French Government 590: 589: 517:Visa requirements 476:Foreign relations 463:Political parties 276:National Assembly 139: 138: 10207: 10165:Second Congo War 9959:Anti-government, 9871: 9870: 9782:Mobuto Sese Seko 9768: 9767: 9745: 9738: 9731: 9722: 9721: 9700: 9689: 9676: 9662: 9648: 9635: 9614: 9604: 9590: 9580: 9570: 9560: 9542: 9532: 9522: 9512: 9502: 9492: 9482: 9472: 9462: 9452: 9442: 9432: 9422: 9412: 9402: 9392: 9382: 9372: 9362: 9352: 9342: 9332: 9322: 9312: 9302: 9292: 9282: 9272: 9262: 9252: 9239: 9238: 9229: 9215: 9205: 9190: 9162: 9161: 9160: 9150: 9143: 9136: 9127: 9126: 9110: 9109: 9095: 9094: 9082: 9081: 8595: 8594: 8454: 8453: 8450:Current missions 8438: 8436: 8435: 8425: 8418: 8411: 8402: 8401: 8391:World portal 8389: 8388: 8295:Biopiracy treaty 7881:Nagorno-Karabakh 7851:Security Council 7834:General Assembly 7761:Human Rights Day 7701:Yalta Conference 7671:Atlantic Charter 7592: 7591: 7548:Founding members 7469:Peace Operations 7353:World Bank Group 7047:Culture of Peace 7038:and other bodies 6991:Security Council 6967:General Assembly 6933:Principal organs 6912: 6911: 6879:António Guterres 6857: 6850: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6747: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6722: 6716: 6703: 6697: 6684: 6678: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6639: 6633: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6603: 6596: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6468: 6462: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6423:. 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Archived from 4603: 4594: 4591:S/RES/1258(1999) 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4516: 4497: 4494: 4468:Second Congo War 4348: 4346: 4345: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4240: 4238: 4237: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4105: 4103: 4102: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4051: 4049: 4048: 4024: 4022: 4021: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3835: 3833: 3832: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3646: 3644: 3643: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3592: 3590: 3589: 3565: 3563: 3562: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3403: 3401: 3400: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3268: 3266: 3265: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3214: 3212: 3211: 3187: 3185: 3184: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3052: 3050: 3049: 3025: 3023: 3022: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2917: 2915: 2914: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2809: 2807: 2806: 2782: 2780: 2779: 2755: 2753: 2752: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2701: 2700: 2677: 2676: 2669: 2663: 2641: 2639: 2638: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2603: 2601: 2600: 2584: 2582: 2581: 2563: 2561: 2560: 2544: 2542: 2541: 2525: 2523: 2522: 2515:William L. Swing 2506: 2504: 2503: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2468: 2466: 2465: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2328:Staff and forces 2288:Security Council 2158: 2035:Force commanders 2026: 2022: 2011:Force commanders 1826:Security Council 1642:hydroelectricity 1624:On 17 February, 1586:humanitarian aid 1467:(RCD) forces of 1441:Indian Air Force 1367: 1364: 1230:Indian Air Force 1177:On 30 May 2003, 1084:Maniema Province 632:Second Congo War 609: 582: 575: 568: 545: 544: 543: 337: 310:Council of State 204:Félix Tshisekedi 157: 141: 140: 135: 134: 132:Official website 121: 51:30 November 1999 40: 31: 24: 20: 10215: 10214: 10210: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10205: 10204: 10140: 10139: 10138: 10133: 10126: 10104: 10081: 10075: 10052: 10023: 9985: 9960: 9954: 9913: 9866: 9856: 9826:Anti-government 9821: 9764:National armies 9759: 9749: 9719: 9710: 9693:for the Balkans 9620: 9230: 9221: 9170: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9124: 9119: 9115: 9104: 9069: 9002: 8949: 8890: 8831: 8760: 8582: 8553: 8530: 8513: 8499: 8445: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8399: 8394: 8383: 8376: 8299: 7990: 7912: 7811: 7712: 7653: 7595:Preceding years 7581: 7534: 7523: 7382:and departments 7381: 7374: 7266: 7257: 7040: 7037: 7029: 6928: 6901: 6866: 6861: 6809: 6793:The peacekeeper 6791:Shabbir Ahsan, 6755: 6753:Further reading 6750: 6740: 6738: 6723: 6719: 6714:Wayback Machine 6704: 6700: 6695:Wayback Machine 6685: 6681: 6676:Wayback Machine 6666: 6662: 6652: 6650: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6630:Wayback Machine 6621: 6617: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6594: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6575: 6573: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6545: 6543: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6485: 6483: 6470: 6469: 6465: 6453:Wayback Machine 6444: 6440: 6430: 6428: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6389: 6388: 6384: 6374: 6372: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6324: 6323: 6314: 6304: 6302: 6287: 6280: 6270: 6268: 6253: 6249: 6239: 6237: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6170: 6166: 6156: 6154: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6130: 6128: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6104: 6102: 6095:Chicago Tribune 6087: 6083: 6073: 6071: 6060: 6056: 6046: 6044: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 6009: 6008: 6004: 5994: 5992: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5972:Wayback Machine 5963: 5959: 5949: 5947: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5923: 5921: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5845: 5843: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5801: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5743:Washington Post 5734: 5730: 5722: 5718: 5712:Wayback Machine 5703: 5699: 5691: 5687: 5672: 5671: 5667: 5650: 5646: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5587: 5586: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5524: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5483: 5479: 5469: 5467: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5440: 5438: 5429: 5428: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5379: 5377: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5340: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5294: 5292: 5275: 5271: 5255: 5254: 5242: 5228: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5192: 5185: 5175: 5173: 5166: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5135: 5128: 5120: 5116: 5106: 5104: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4971: 4962: 4961: 4954: 4948:Wayback Machine 4939: 4935: 4925:Wayback Machine 4916: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4854:"MONUC History" 4852: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4803: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4773: 4771: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4697: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4668: 4667: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4605: 4604: 4597: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4454: 4420: 4389: 4343: 4341: 4316: 4314: 4289: 4287: 4262: 4260: 4235: 4233: 4208: 4206: 4181: 4179: 4154: 4152: 4127: 4125: 4100: 4098: 4073: 4071: 4046: 4044: 4019: 4017: 3992: 3990: 3965: 3963: 3938: 3936: 3911: 3909: 3884: 3882: 3857: 3855: 3830: 3828: 3803: 3801: 3776: 3774: 3749: 3747: 3722: 3720: 3695: 3693: 3668: 3666: 3641: 3639: 3614: 3612: 3587: 3585: 3560: 3558: 3533: 3531: 3506: 3504: 3479: 3477: 3452: 3450: 3425: 3423: 3398: 3396: 3371: 3369: 3344: 3342: 3317: 3315: 3290: 3288: 3263: 3261: 3236: 3234: 3209: 3207: 3182: 3180: 3155: 3153: 3128: 3126: 3101: 3099: 3074: 3072: 3047: 3045: 3020: 3018: 2993: 2991: 2966: 2964: 2939: 2937: 2912: 2910: 2885: 2883: 2858: 2856: 2831: 2829: 2804: 2802: 2777: 2775: 2750: 2748: 2723: 2721: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2652: 2636: 2634: 2631:Pascal Champion 2617: 2615: 2598: 2596: 2579: 2577: 2558: 2556: 2539: 2537: 2520: 2518: 2501: 2499: 2482: 2480: 2463: 2461: 2444: 2442: 2425: 2423: 2420:Leila Zerrougui 2393: 2330: 2284: 2235: 2146: 2106:Chander Prakash 2051:Mountaga Diallo 2013: 1994: 1978: 1972: 1934: 1917: 1882: 1870: 1795: 1789: 1765: 1755:Lake Tanganyika 1747: 1731: 1719:Kumaon Regiment 1714: 1709: 1622: 1449: 1433: 1389:Resolution 1671 1365: 1355: 1305: 1276:Resolution 1565 1244: 1153:Resolution 1484 1124: 1092: 1012: 980:Mountaga Diallo 975: 970: 923: 918: 622:in resolutions 586: 557: 553:Other countries 541: 539: 527: 526: 508: 496: 478: 468: 467: 457: 439:Gubernatorial: 433: 409: 388: 378: 377: 374: 353: 328: 324: 314: 313: 296: 288: 287: 259: 249: 248: 239:current cabinet 189: 181: 180: 171: 148: 130: 129: 117: 102: 90: 43: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10213: 10203: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10155:Ituri conflict 10152: 10135: 10134: 10131: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10124: 10118: 10116: 10114:United Nations 10110: 10109: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10102: 10097: 10091: 10085: 10083: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10073: 10067: 10060: 10058: 10054: 10053: 10051: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10031: 10029: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10021: 10015: 10009: 9999: 9993: 9991: 9987: 9986: 9984: 9983: 9977: 9971: 9964: 9962: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9952: 9946: 9940: 9934: 9928: 9921: 9919: 9918:Uganda-aligned 9915: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9905: 9904:in South Kivu) 9895: 9890: 9884: 9877: 9875: 9874:Rwanda-aligned 9868: 9862: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9854: 9848: 9842: 9836: 9829: 9827: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9819: 9813: 9808: 9802: 9797: 9791: 9785: 9774: 9772: 9771:Pro-government 9765: 9761: 9760: 9748: 9747: 9740: 9733: 9725: 9716: 9715: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9708: 9694: 9683: 9670: 9656: 9642: 9628: 9626: 9622: 9621: 9619: 9618: 9608: 9598: 9584: 9574: 9564: 9554: 9536: 9526: 9516: 9506: 9496: 9486: 9476: 9466: 9456: 9446: 9436: 9426: 9416: 9406: 9396: 9386: 9376: 9366: 9356: 9346: 9336: 9326: 9316: 9306: 9296: 9286: 9276: 9266: 9256: 9245: 9243: 9236: 9232: 9231: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9209: 9199: 9194: 9184: 9178: 9176: 9172: 9171: 9168:United Nations 9153: 9152: 9145: 9138: 9130: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9117: 9101: 9088: 9074: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9038:Latin American 9035: 9030: 9025: 9014: 9012: 9008: 9007: 9004: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8994: 8988: 8982: 8976: 8970: 8964: 8957: 8955: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8941: 8935: 8929: 8923: 8917: 8911: 8905: 8898: 8896: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8888: 8882: 8876: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8852: 8846: 8839: 8837: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8805: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8775: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8758: 8752: 8746: 8740: 8734: 8728: 8722: 8716: 8710: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8620: 8614: 8608: 8601: 8599: 8592: 8588: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8561: 8559: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8551: 8545: 8538: 8536: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8521: 8519: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8511: 8507: 8505: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8491: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8467: 8460: 8458: 8451: 8447: 8446: 8440:United Nations 8428: 8427: 8420: 8413: 8405: 8396: 8395: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8341: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8254: 8253: 8243: 8238: 8237: 8236: 8226: 8225: 8224: 8214: 8209: 8208: 8207: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8054: 8053: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8000: 7998: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7977: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7938: 7937: 7936: 7931: 7920: 7918: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7909: 7908: 7903: 7901:Western Sahara 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7841: 7831: 7825: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7798: 7797: 7792: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7770: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7748: 7747: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7720: 7718: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7661: 7659: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7598: 7596: 7589: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7575:European Union 7567: 7566: 7565: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7539: 7537: 7529: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7455: 7454: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7412:Envoy on Youth 7409: 7408: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7386: 7384: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7269: 7267: 7262: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7043: 7041: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7027: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7010: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6988: 6987: 6986: 6976: 6975: 6974: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6920: 6918: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6897:Dennis Francis 6890: 6881: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6864:United Nations 6860: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6808: 6807:External links 6805: 6804: 6803: 6789: 6779: 6772: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6717: 6698: 6679: 6660: 6634: 6615: 6583: 6553: 6523: 6493: 6463: 6461:, 27 June 2006 6438: 6407: 6382: 6349: 6312: 6278: 6247: 6217: 6191: 6164: 6138: 6112: 6081: 6054: 6028: 6002: 5976: 5957: 5931: 5905: 5879: 5853: 5826: 5795: 5769: 5728: 5716: 5697: 5685: 5665: 5644: 5624: 5604: 5577: 5548: 5534: 5508: 5477: 5448: 5419: 5387: 5361: 5334: 5302: 5269: 5240: 5219: 5183: 5160: 5149:on 29 May 2010 5126: 5114: 5088: 5062: 5036: 5007: 4981: 4952: 4933: 4918:EUFOR RD Congo 4910: 4901: 4875: 4864:on 8 July 2006 4845: 4813: 4781: 4763:BBC World News 4749: 4738:on 5 June 2011 4719: 4691: 4674:United Nations 4658: 4628: 4617:on 23 May 2017 4611:United Nations 4595: 4571: 4541: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4458:Ituri conflict 4453: 4450: 4419: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4405: 4399: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4338: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4311: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4284: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4257: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4242:United Kingdom 4230: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4122: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4095: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3960: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3852: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3771: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3690: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3582: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3501: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3339: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3108:Czech Republic 3096: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2988: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2693: 2692: 2681: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2627: 2612:Derrick Mgwebi 2608: 2589: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2549: 2530: 2511: 2508:United Kingdom 2492: 2477:Roger A. Meece 2473: 2454: 2435: 2392: 2389: 2329: 2326: 2303:Ituri province 2283: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2224: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2144:Derrick Mgwebi 2140: 2139:December 2015 2136: 2135: 2134:December 2015 2132: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2084: 2083:February 2005 2080: 2079: 2078:February 2005 2076: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2012: 2009: 1993: 1990: 1971: 1968: 1933: 1930: 1916: 1913: 1881: 1878: 1869: 1866: 1788: 1785: 1780:Laurent Fabius 1761:Main article: 1746: 1743: 1730: 1727: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1665:a new conflict 1621: 1618: 1602:European Union 1542:Bosco Ntaganda 1469:Laurent Nkunda 1448: 1445: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1404:EUFOR RD Congo 1393:European Union 1354: 1351: 1304: 1301: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1269:Laurent Nkunda 1243: 1240: 1199:European Union 1188:Ituri District 1149:Ituri Province 1123: 1120: 1091: 1088: 1042:, Kalemie and 1021:Ugandan forces 1011: 1008: 974: 971: 969: 966: 922: 919: 917: 914: 855:United Kingdom 711:Czech Republic 644:Dongo conflict 636:Ituri conflict 588: 587: 585: 584: 577: 570: 562: 559: 558: 556: 555: 549: 536: 535: 529: 528: 525: 524: 519: 514: 507: 506: 495: 494: 493: 492: 479: 474: 473: 470: 469: 466: 465: 460: 459: 458: 456: 455: 448: 443: 436: 434: 432: 431: 424: 419: 412: 410: 408: 407: 402: 395: 389: 384: 383: 380: 379: 376: 375: 373: 372: 367: 362: 356: 354: 352: 351: 346: 340: 338: 325: 320: 319: 316: 315: 312: 311: 308: 303: 297: 294: 293: 290: 289: 286: 285: 284: 283: 273: 272: 271: 260: 255: 254: 251: 250: 247: 246: 245: 244: 243: 242: 230: 229: 228: 226:Judith Suminwa 216:Prime Minister 208: 207: 206: 190: 187: 186: 183: 182: 179: 178: 172: 167: 166: 163: 162: 159: 158: 150: 149: 144: 137: 136: 127: 123: 122: 115: 109: 108: 103: 100: 97: 96: 91: 88: 85: 84: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 41: 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8609: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8596: 8593: 8591:Past missions 8589: 8578: 8575: 8572: 8569: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8533: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8516: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8495: 8492: 8489: 8486: 8483: 8480: 8477: 8474: 8471: 8468: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8441: 8426: 8421: 8419: 8414: 8412: 8407: 8406: 8403: 8393: 8392: 8387: 8379: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8302: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8252: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8235: 8232: 8231: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8175:Treaty Series 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8134: 8131: 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2590: 2587: 2575: 2574:Abdallah Wafy 2571: 2566: 2554: 2553:Kamel Morjane 2550: 2547: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2527:United States 2516: 2512: 2509: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2489:United States 2478: 2474: 2471: 2459: 2458:Martin Kobler 2455: 2452: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2397: 2391:Command staff 2388: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2325: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2236: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2201:January 2020 2200: 2199: 2196:January 2020 2195: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2171:January 2018 2170: 2169: 2166:January 2018 2165: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2069:Samaila Iliya 2067: 2065:January 2004 2064: 2063: 2060:January 2004 2059: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2017: 2008: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1939: 1929: 1927: 1922: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1897:Martin Kobler 1894: 1889: 1887: 1884:In May 2015, 1877: 1875: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852:of Tanzania. 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1810:Herve Ladsous 1803: 1799: 1794: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1764: 1756: 1751: 1742: 1740: 1735: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1704: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1677:Joseph Kabila 1673: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1659:territory of 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1605: 1603: 1597: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1453: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1435:In May 2007, 1428: 1422: 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Reuters. 5819:18 November 5788:21 November 5501:21 November 5470:21 November 5441:20 November 5380:20 November 5354:20 November 5097:"Times Now" 4894:17 November 4080:Switzerland 3837:Philippines 3081:Ivory Coast 2684:Phabricator 2551:1999–2001: 2301:militia in 2216:April 2021 2211:April 2021 2120:April 2013 2115:March 2013 2046:March 2000 1723:Indian Army 1670:Brazzaville 1563:Bipin Rawat 1510:Indian Army 1366: 2006 1297:Indian Army 1205:, Chad and 1097:Congo River 1058:, Kalemie, 998:and in the 896:, Tunisia, 839:Switzerland 783:Netherlands 747:Ivory Coast 626:(1999) and 522:Visa policy 344:Territories 10144:Categories 10066:(CNDD-FDD) 9982:(in Ituri) 9664:NATO Medal 9650:NATO Medal 8671:UNAVEM III 8345:Ex Tempore 8337:UN Special 8258:UN Mandate 7717:Activities 7323:UN Tourism 7146:UN-HABITAT 7124:OzonAction 6949:selections 6546:4 December 6536:www.un.org 6486:16 October 6431:31 January 6421:Defenceweb 6395:Al Jazeera 6331:Al Jazeera 6157:8 December 5176:29 October 5153:30 October 5107:1 November 5081:28 October 5055:28 October 5029:28 October 5000:28 October 4868:31 October 4838:31 October 4742:31 October 4706:EUobserver 4621:17 January 4583:Resolution 4504:References 3486:Madagascar 2757:Bangladesh 2593:Kim Bolduc 2350:Bangladesh 2292:Kofi Annan 2274:Sector 6: 2268:Sector 5: 2262:Sector 4: 2256:Sector 3: 2244:Sector 1: 2186:June 2018 2181:June 2018 2101:July 2010 2096:July 2010 1974:See also: 1895:succeeded 1872:After the 1791:See also: 1687:) and the 1514:North Kivu 1179:UNSCR 1493 1160:Kofi Annan 1141:North Kivu 1133:South Kivu 1116:UNSCR 1445 1069:UNSCR 1355 948:, Zambia, 906:UNSCR 1258 890:Madagascar 888:, Jordan, 671:Bangladesh 660:until 2010 257:Parliament 211:Government 188:Government 9908:RCD-Congo 9847:(RPF/RDF) 8826:MINUJUSTH 8641:UNOSOM II 8623:UNAVEM II 8217:UN reform 8019:Criticism 7917:Elections 7891:Palestine 7778:committee 7186:UN-Oceans 7134:UNEP-WCMC 7018:President 7006:President 6996:Elections 6972:President 6907:UN System 5752:0190-8286 5258:cite book 5250:871224152 5143:The Times 4858:Monuc.org 4795:AllAfrica 4424:Mongbwalu 4411:nationals 4387:Civilians 3378:Indonesia 3297:Guatemala 2532:2001–03: 2513:2003–07: 2496:Alan Doss 2494:2007–10: 2475:2010–13: 2456:2013–15: 2437:2015–17: 2418:2018–21: 2362:Indonesia 2252:Kisangani 2223:(Brazil) 2208:(Brazil) 2193:(Brazil) 2002:Kisangani 1580:minister 1561:and Gen. 1504:Alan Doss 1328:war crime 1203:N'Djamena 1172:Kitshanga 1056:Kisangani 1040:Kisangani 1028:Uruguayan 996:Kisangani 831:Sri Lanka 739:Indonesia 731:Guatemala 398:General: 386:Elections 365:Chiefdoms 334:governors 330:Provinces 295:Judiciary 281:President 269:President 194:President 48:Formation 9970:(SPLA/M) 9900:(ethnic 9893:RCD–Goma 9816:Zimbabwe 9678:INTERFET 9504:UNPREDEP 9464:UNPROFOR 9235:Military 9098:Category 9028:Timeline 9023:Missions 8954:WestAsia 8920:UNPREDEP 8902:UNPROFOR 8820:MINUSTAH 8765:Americas 8743:MINURCAT 8629:UNOSOM I 8617:UNAVEM I 8558:WestAsia 8510:Inactive 8504:Americas 8362:Model UN 8347:magazine 8339:magazine 8268:UN Sacco 7756:drafting 7734:timeline 7729:missions 7632:archives 7248:UN Women 7236:UNU-CRIS 7087:UNCITRAL 6924:Preamble 6795:, 2007. 6735:Archived 6710:Archived 6691:Archived 6672:Archived 6647:Archived 6626:Archived 6599:Archived 6570:Archived 6540:Archived 6510:Archived 6480:Archived 6449:Archived 6369:Archived 6336:Archived 6299:Archived 6265:Archived 6234:Archived 6230:BBC News 6204:Archived 6178:Archived 6151:Archived 6125:Archived 6099:Archived 6074:15 March 6068:Archived 6047:15 March 6041:Archived 6021:15 March 6015:Archived 5995:15 March 5989:Archived 5968:Archived 5944:Archived 5918:Archived 5892:Archived 5866:Archived 5840:Archived 5813:Archived 5782:Archived 5756:Archived 5708:Archived 5564:Archived 5521:Archived 5495:Archived 5464:Archived 5435:Archived 5406:Archived 5374:Archived 5321:Archived 5289:Archived 5206:Archived 5075:Archived 4994:Archived 4968:Archived 4944:Archived 4921:Archived 4888:Archived 4832:Archived 4827:BBC News 4800:Archived 4768:Archived 4712:15 March 4645:Archived 4558:Archived 4528:Archived 4452:See also 4350:Zimbabwe 4107:Tanzania 3783:Paraguay 3756:Pakistan 3594:Mongolia 3540:Malaysia 3162:Djibouti 2973:Cameroon 2892:Botswana 2710:Experts 2704:Country 2546:Cameroon 2342:Pakistan 2246:Mbandaka 2240:Kinshasa 1998:Kinshasa 1842:Tanzania 1594:Rutshuru 1538:Rutshuru 1496:gunships 1373:Kaibiles 1048:Kinshasa 1044:Mbandaka 1000:Équateur 962:Kinshasa 958:Ethiopia 954:Zimbabwe 882:Djibouti 843:Tanzania 799:Paraguay 795:Pakistan 771:Mongolia 763:Malaysia 699:Cameroon 642:and the 512:Passport 486:Minister 415:Senate: 370:Communes 82:DR Congo 78:Kinshasa 10122:MONUSCO 10089:Mai-Mai 9839:Burundi 9805:Namibia 9616:MONUSCO 9552:UNMISET 9414:MINURSO 9364:UNIIMOG 9324:UNEF II 9304:UNFICYP 9264:UNMOGIP 9242:General 9175:General 9166:of the 9085:Outline 9011:Related 8985:UNIIMOG 8979:UNEF II 8879:UNMISET 8855:UNGOMAP 8814:MIPONUH 8802:MINUGUA 8755:MINUSMA 8695:UNAMSIL 8689:UNOMSIL 8683:MINURCA 8542:UNFICYP 8525:UNMOGIP 8488:MINUSCA 8470:MONUSCO 8464:MINURSO 8311:Outline 7996:Related 7876:Lebanon 7647:members 7637:charter 7587:History 7533:Members 7432:Nairobi 7067:MINURSO 7001:Members 6984:Statute 6916:Charter 6653:17 July 6608:17 July 6576:27 July 6375:28 July 6364:Reuters 6342:27 July 6176:. CNN. 5950:30 July 5762:27 July 5570:30 June 5527:30 June 5201:Reuters 4974:30 June 4806:28 July 4774:28 July 4684:27 July 4651:27 July 4589:. 4564:27 July 4413:: 1,338 4377:12,960 4368:Totals 4296:Uruguay 4215:Ukraine 4161:Tunisia 3945:Senegal 3891:Romania 3702:Nigeria 3621:Morocco 3405:Ireland 3135:Denmark 2865:Bolivia 2784:Belgium 2730:Algeria 2707:Police 2686:and on 2565:Tunisia 2470:Germany 2432:Algeria 2366:Morocco 2264:Kalemie 2258:Kananga 2219:Lt Gen 2204:Lt Gen 2189:Lt Gen 2142:Lt Gen 2123:Lt Gen 2104:Lt Gen 2091:Senegal 2073:Nigeria 2055:Senegal 2049:Lt Gen 1953:Butembo 1721:of the 1655:in the 1408:Potsdam 1207:Entebbe 1052:Kananga 1036:Kananga 1032:Kalemie 1017:Rwandan 1004:Katanga 950:Namibia 946:Burundi 916:History 863:Uruguay 851:Ukraine 847:Tunisia 819:Senegal 811:Romania 791:Nigeria 775:Morocco 743:Ireland 715:Ecuador 683:Bolivia 675:Belgium 667:Algeria 610:, is a 602:acronym 598:MONUSCO 360:Sectors 233:Cabinet 126:Website 22:MONUSCO 9980:CODECO 9902:Tutsis 9853:(UPDF) 9851:Uganda 9845:Rwanda 9833:Angola 9796:(FANT) 9788:Angola 9592:MINUCI 9548:UNTAET 9544:UNAMET 9524:UNTAES 9494:UNAMIR 9474:UNOSOM 9444:ONUSAL 9434:UNAMIC 9424:UNIKOM 9394:UNAVEM 9344:UNIFIL 9314:UNIPOM 9274:UNOGIL 9096: 9083: 9033:Canada 8999:(2012) 8997:UNSMIS 8991:UNIKOM 8969:(1958) 8967:UNOGIL 8961:UNEF I 8944:UNCPSG 8932:UNTAES 8926:UNMIBH 8908:UNOMIG 8895:Europe 8861:UNAMIC 8849:UNIPOM 8810:(1997) 8808:UNTMIH 8804:(1997) 8796:UNSMIH 8784:ONUSAL 8772:DOMREP 8749:UNAMID 8713:MINUCI 8667:(1994) 8665:UNASOG 8659:UNAMIR 8653:UNOMIL 8647:UNOMUR 8635:ONUMOZ 8598:Africa 8579:(1978) 8577:UNIFIL 8573:(1974) 8567:(1948) 8550:(1999) 8544:(1964) 8535:Europe 8527:(1949) 8496:(2020) 8494:UNITAM 8490:(2014) 8484:(2011) 8482:UNMISS 8478:(2011) 8476:UNISFA 8472:(2010) 8466:(1991) 8457:Africa 8437: 8195:UN Day 8133:Canada 8009:CCISUA 7871:Israel 7856:Cyprus 7709:(1945) 7703:(1945) 7697:(1944) 7691:(1943) 7685:(1943) 7679:(1942) 7673:(1941) 7667:(1941) 7437:Vienna 7422:Geneva 7313:UNESCO 7231:UNU-OP 7206:UNRISD 7201:UNOSAT 7181:UNITAR 7176:UNIDIR 7171:UNICRI 7166:UNICEF 7082:UNCTAD 7072:UNAIDS 6799: 6785: 6767: 6741:9 July 6506:un.org 6476:un.org 6105:8 June 6062:eNCA. 5750: 5412:3 July 5327:3 July 5295:3 July 5248: 5238: 5212:4 July 4585: 4534:2 July 4380:14789 4371:1,657 4347: 4323:Zambia 4320: 4293: 4266: 4239: 4212: 4188:Turkey 4185: 4158: 4131: 4104: 4077: 4053:Sweden 4050: 4023: 3996: 3972:Serbia 3969: 3942: 3918:Russia 3915: 3888: 3864:Poland 3861: 3834: 3807: 3780: 3766:1,961 3753: 3729:Norway 3726: 3699: 3672: 3658:1,141 3645: 3618: 3591: 3564: 3537: 3513:Malawi 3510: 3483: 3456: 3432:Jordan 3429: 3402: 3388:1,030 3375: 3361:1,890 3348: 3324:Guinea 3321: 3294: 3267: 3243:Gambia 3240: 3216:France 3213: 3186: 3159: 3132: 3105: 3078: 3051: 3024: 3000:Canada 2997: 2970: 2946:Brazil 2943: 2916: 2889: 2862: 2838:Bhutan 2835: 2808: 2781: 2767:1,630 2754: 2727: 2716:Total 2662: 2643:France 2640: 2621: 2605:Canada 2602: 2583: 2562: 2543: 2524: 2505: 2486: 2467: 2448: 2429: 2364:, and 2176:France 2129:Brazil 1846:Malawi 1701:Bozene 1663:where 1320:Makala 1151:under 1137:Lubero 1129:Bukavu 942:Uganda 938:Rwanda 898:Turkey 886:Guinea 871:Zambia 857:, the 853:, the 835:Sweden 823:Serbia 815:Russia 807:Poland 781:, the 759:Malawi 751:Jordan 723:France 703:Canada 691:Brazil 638:, the 349:Cities 264:Senate 69:Active 10082:other 10049:(FNI) 10043:(LRA) 10037:(ADF) 9961:other 9945:(UPC) 9889:(RCD) 9841:(FAB) 9818:(ZNA) 9811:Sudan 9807:(NDF) 9800:Libya 9778:Zaire 9753:First 9681:Medal 9640:Medal 9596:ONUCI 9582:UNMIL 9572:UNMEE 9562:MONUC 9534:UNMIK 9514:UNMOP 9484:UNMIH 9454:UNTAC 9384:ONUCA 9374:UNTAG 9334:UNDOF 9294:UNTEA 9254:UNTSO 8973:UNYOM 8938:UNMOP 8914:UNCRO 8885:UNMIT 8873:UNMOT 8867:UNTAC 8790:UNMIH 8778:ONUCA 8737:UNMIS 8725:UNOCI 8719:UNMIL 8707:UNMEE 8701:MONUC 8677:MONUA 8611:UNTAG 8571:UNDOF 8565:UNTSO 8548:UNMIK 8304:Other 8251:Hanoi 8041:FICSA 7906:Yemen 7896:Syria 7744:UNPOL 7318:UNIDO 7221:UNSSC 7216:UNSDG 7211:UNRWA 7196:UNOPS 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