179:
214:
diplomats. They served as mediators by consecution of secret reconciling negotiations with IMRO. Continuing into 1924 secret negotiations between the federalists, BCP and IMRO representatives were conducted to unite all groups under the goal of independence or autonomy of a
Macedonian state. The new
17:
121:
Violence between the two groups reinforced a political crisis growing public impression that
Bulgarian governments were unstable. Both wings of the MFO supported the creation of a federal Macedonian state within a future
146:. Its adherents were commonly known as "federalists" by way of distinction from the IMRO-members known as "autonomists". As for the relations of the Organization with the Bulgarian government of
77:. Although it appeared as well organized group, it had its left wing. In the early 1920s, the IMRO split over the ultimate goal of its activity. The right faction led by
528:
219:. Lately IMRO officially rejected its support of the document and its leaders even denied endorsing it. In the aftermath of the failed agreement (the so-called
166:
against IMRO. Aided by the government, the federalists set out to destroy the military network of the enemy, but the autonomists scattered the federalist's
523:
442:
413:
150:, it supported the federalist's movement and was openly hostile to the aspirations of the autonomists. MFO organized a number of armed forays into
135:
508:
227:, were assassinated in the subsequent clash. Weakened the organization disappeared as a real entity. Most of its members joined afterwards the
58:
41:
292:
503:
518:
198:, they were quickly crushed by the government and its IMRO allies. As a result, some of the fleeing federalists placed themselves in
109:). The only difference between the MEFO and MFRO was that the MFRO was determined for an armed struggle to achieve the liberation of
513:
459:Гребенаров, Александър, Легални и тайни организации на македонските бежанци в България (1918–1947), МНИ, София, 2006 г.,470 с.
215:
position of the IMRO was identical to that of the Balkan communists and won for the MFO the endorsement of its policy by the
194:, as well as the absent communist resistance to it. When the communists aided by the federalists did try to revolt in the
187:
293:
p. Das makedonische
Jahrhundert: von den Anfängen der nationalrevolutionären Bewegung zum Abkommen von Ohrid 1893-2001
467:
385:
365:
342:
321:
300:
130:
at that time. The federalists' programme contained a bizarre formulation of a future
Macedonian state using
533:
190:. The fall of the government was a great success to the power of IMRO. The government was condemned by the
85:
territory into
Bulgaria. In contrast, the left faction sought an autonomous Macedonia that could join the
462:
The
Communist party of Bulgaria: origins and development, 1883–1936, Joseph Rothschild, AMS Press, 1972,
127:
357:
86:
232:
474:„Националноосвободителната борба в Македония, 1919 - 1941 г.“, Колектив, Македонски Научен Институт.
191:
155:
147:
249:
377:
78:
8:
244:
167:
82:
33:
154:(Nevrokop and Kyustendil), where it attacked the local IMRO detachments. In March 1923,
436:
407:
346:
195:
110:
29:
463:
381:
361:
338:
317:
296:
123:
98:
143:
74:
70:
151:
62:
485:
210:, where the federalist's leadership began seeking foreign contacts, especially
473:
497:
228:
220:
139:
269:
335:
Paramilitarism in the
Balkans: Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917-1924
314:
Paramilitarism in the
Balkans: Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917-1924
211:
163:
178:
216:
131:
427:
Graham W. Reid, Mihailo
Apostolski, Aleksandar Stojanovski (1979).
398:
Graham W. Reid, Mihailo
Apostolski, Aleksandar Stojanovski (1979).
66:
223:
from 15 May 1924) Todor Alexandrov, as well as key figures of the
182:
Poster with the participants on the third Congress of MFO (1923).
158:, in consequence of the Yugoslav-Bulgarian agreement reached in
134:
as official language. The initial leaders of that movement were
378:
The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics
207:
203:
199:
89:. In December 1921, left-leaning deserters formed the official
159:
16:
126:, which concept was similar to the ideas proclaimed by the
170:
and launched an attack on the Stamboliyski's government.
295:; Stefan Troebst, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2007,
69:
it launched armed attacks and propaganda campaigns into
186:
In the summer of 1923, IMRO aided by radical officers,
360:Hugh Poulton, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000,
36:: Македонска федеративна организация/организација;
270:"Д. Тюлеков - ВМРО в Пиринско, 1919-1934 г. - 1.1"
495:
337:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 265.
316:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 265.
103:Macedonian Federative Revolutionary Organization
529:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
426:
397:
42:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
380:, Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1988,
40:) was established in Sofia in 1921 by former
441:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
412:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
65:as its stronghold. From its secure bases in
91:Macedonian Emigre's Federalist Organization
431:. Macedonian Review Editions. p. 290.
402:. Macedonian Review Editions. p. 290.
173:
177:
15:
524:Defunct organizations based in Bulgaria
206:. Panitsa also had to flee and went in
61:became a formidable organization, with
496:
202:service, others collaborated with the
509:Bulgarian revolutionary organisations
101:'s supporters formed the clandestine
504:Modern history of Macedonia (region)
116:
97:). In 1922 another group of former
13:
429:A History of the Macedonian People
400:A History of the Macedonian People
262:
26:Macedonian Federative Organization
14:
545:
519:Organizations established in 1921
479:
81:sought the incorporation of all
514:1921 establishments in Bulgaria
420:
391:
371:
351:
327:
306:
286:
44:(IMRO) left-wing's activists.
1:
52:
7:
238:
128:Balkan Communist Federation
57:Reestablished in 1920, the
10:
550:
453:
87:Balkan Federative Republic
47:
233:Bulgarian Communist Party
162:, began cooperating with
358:Who are the Macedonians?
255:
192:Communist International
188:organized a coup d'état
174:Decline and dissolution
148:Aleksandar Stamboliyski
333:Tasic, Dmitar (2020).
312:Tasic, Dmitar (2020).
250:Macedonian nationalism
183:
21:
181:
19:
274:www.promacedonia.org
79:Alexandar Protogerov
534:Macedonian Question
245:Macedonian Question
20:The statute of MFO.
196:September Uprising
184:
22:
124:Balkan Federation
117:Origins and goals
541:
490:
447:
446:
440:
432:
424:
418:
417:
411:
403:
395:
389:
375:
369:
355:
349:
331:
325:
310:
304:
290:
284:
283:
281:
280:
266:
144:Hristo Tatarchev
75:Vardar Macedonia
71:Aegean Macedonia
549:
548:
544:
543:
542:
540:
539:
538:
494:
493:
488:
482:
456:
451:
450:
434:
433:
425:
421:
405:
404:
396:
392:
376:
372:
356:
352:
332:
328:
311:
307:
291:
287:
278:
276:
268:
267:
263:
258:
241:
176:
152:Pirin Macedonia
119:
63:Pirin Macedonia
55:
50:
12:
11:
5:
547:
537:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
492:
491:
489:(in Bulgarian)
486:Statute of MFO
481:
480:External links
478:
477:
476:
471:
470:, p. 117.
460:
455:
452:
449:
448:
419:
390:
370:
350:
326:
305:
285:
260:
259:
257:
254:
253:
252:
247:
240:
237:
231:and later the
175:
172:
136:Filip Atanasov
118:
115:
54:
51:
49:
46:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
546:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
501:
499:
487:
484:
483:
475:
472:
469:
468:0-404-07164-3
465:
461:
458:
457:
444:
438:
430:
423:
415:
409:
401:
394:
387:
386:0-8014-9493-1
383:
379:
374:
367:
366:1-85065-534-0
363:
359:
354:
348:
344:
343:9780198858324
340:
336:
330:
323:
322:9780198858324
319:
315:
309:
302:
301:3-486-58050-7
298:
294:
289:
275:
271:
265:
261:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
236:
234:
230:
229:IMRO (United)
226:
222:
221:May Manifesto
218:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
180:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:Todor Panitsa
137:
133:
129:
125:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
45:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
18:
428:
422:
399:
393:
373:
353:
334:
329:
313:
308:
288:
277:. Retrieved
273:
264:
224:
185:
156:Stamboliyski
120:
106:
102:
94:
90:
56:
37:
25:
23:
225:Federalists
99:Aleksandrov
498:Categories
347:Categories
279:2020-08-15
164:Yugoslavia
83:Macedonian
53:Background
34:Macedonian
437:cite book
408:cite book
388:, p. 324.
303:, p. 420.
217:Comintern
132:Esperanto
111:Macedonia
30:Bulgarian
368:, p. 81.
239:See also
67:Bulgaria
454:Sources
200:Serbian
48:History
38:MFO/МФО
466:
384:
364:
341:
320:
299:
212:Soviet
208:Vienna
204:Greeks
168:chetas
256:Notes
464:ISBN
443:link
414:link
382:ISBN
362:ISBN
339:ISBN
318:ISBN
297:ISBN
142:and
107:MFRO
95:MEFO
73:and
59:IMRO
32:and
24:The
160:Niš
500::
439:}}
435:{{
410:}}
406:{{
345:.
272:.
235:.
138:,
113:.
445:)
416:)
324:.
282:.
105:(
93:(
28:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
