Bulgarian language

810: 7745:

the life of Communist Yugoslavia, the vast bulk took place in the late 1940s. The new authorities were successful in building а distinct national coпsciousness based on the available differences between Macedoпia and Bulgaria proper, апd bу the time Yugoslavia collapsed in the early 1990s, those who continued to look to Bulgaria were very few indeed. The change from the pre-war situatioп of unrecognised minority status and attempted assimilation by Serbia to one where the Macedonians were the majority people in their own republic with consideraЫe autonomy within Yнgoslavia's federation/con-federation had obvious attractions...

6078:направил." (multiple negation without the use of a compound double negative form, i.e. using a listing of several successive single negation words) – "Nobody never nowhere nothing did not do." (translated as "nobody has ever done anything, anywhere"); "Никога не съм бил там." (double negation without the use of a compound double negative form, i.e. using a listing of several successive single negation words) – I never did not go there (" have never been there"); Никога никакви чувства не съм имал! – I never no feelings had not have! (I have never had any feelings!). The same applies for Macedonian. 1135:, which had preserved many lexical items from Church Slavonic) and later reduced the number of Turkish and other Balkan loans. Today one difference between Bulgarian dialects in the country and literary spoken Bulgarian is the significant presence of Old Bulgarian words and even word forms in the latter. Russian loans are distinguished from Old Bulgarian ones on the basis of the presence of specifically Russian phonetic changes, as in оборот (turnover, rev), непонятен (incomprehensible), ядро (nucleus) and others. Many other loans from French, English and the 1301: 2017: 7840: 748: 632: 1309: 1083: 1035: 9044:

words, though they do in foreign names: Дзян 'Jian', Хюс/Хюз 'Hughes'. However, the phonemic status of the "soft" consonants is questionable. Before front vowels they should be regarded as allophones of the corresponding "hard" (i.e. non-palatal or non-palatalised) consonant phonemes, since the palatalisation here is occurs naturally, to facilitate articulation. Before non-front vowels these can be interpreted as combinations of C + /j/.

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native speakers, and this has resulted in peculiar derivations that set the newly formed loanwords apart from the original words (mainly in pronunciation), although many loanwords are completely identical to the source words. A growing number of international neologisms are also being widely adopted, causing controversy between younger generations who, in general, are raised in the era of digital

8324: 3132:) mood. However, most contemporary Bulgarian linguists usually exclude the subjunctive mood and the inferential mood from the list of Bulgarian moods (thus placing the number of Bulgarian moods at a total of 3: indicative, imperative and conditional) and do not consider them to be moods but view them as verbial morphosyntactic constructs or separate 3075:. Three grammatical aspects are distinguishable: neutral, perfect and pluperfect. The neutral aspect comprises the three simple tenses and the future tense. The pluperfect is manifest in tenses that use double or triple auxiliary "be" participles like the past pluperfect subjunctive. Perfect constructions use a single auxiliary "be". 9279:

different from that in Russian. Its occurrence is very restricted. Before front vowels and , palatalization does not go beyond the degree that is conditioned by the inevitable play of coarticulation. Before back vowels, palatalization may unambiguously be interpreted as C plus . In syllable and word final position, it does not occur.

2129: 9089:[Our palatal consonants are ⟨ж⟩ (/ʒ/), ⟨ш⟩ (/ʃ/), ⟨й⟩ (/j/), ⟨ч⟩ (/t͡ʃ/) & ⟨дж⟩ (/d͡ʒ/), while the rest of consonants are hard. Nevertheless, such a division in Contemporary Bulgarian is unnecessary, since every consonant may be palatalised to a greater or smaller extent, if followed by a soft vowel] 8328: 2585:'menu'). Perhaps the most significant exception from the above are the relatively numerous nouns that end in a consonant and yet are feminine: these comprise, firstly, a large group of nouns with zero ending expressing quality, degree or an abstraction, including all nouns ending on –ост/–ест -{ost/est} ( 7749:

most of the 3,000-4,000 Bulgarians in Macedonia in the censнses appearcd. Examples of the coпtinuing hostility are: thc Supreme Court iп January 1994 banпed the pro-Bulgarian Нumап Rights Party led by Ilija Ilijevski and the refused registration of aпother pro-Bulgariaп group in Ohrid and other harassment.

9406:

The relative weight of inherited Proto-Slavonic material can be estimated from Nikolova (1987) – a study of a 100,000-word corpus of conversational Bulgarian. Of the 806 items occurring there more than ten times, approximately 50 per cent may be direct reflexes of Proto Slavonic forms, nearly 30 per

8892:

Similarly, Bulgarian politicians often argue that Macedonian is simply a dialect of Bulgarian – which is really a way of saying, of course, that they feel Macedonia ought to be part of Bulgaria. From a purely linguistic point of view, however, such arguments are not resolvable, since dialect continua

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18 However, in Macedonia today remain those who identify as Bulgariaпs. Hostility to them reшaiпs, even if less than in Communist Yugoslavia, where it was forbidden to proclaim Bulgarian identity, with the partial exception of the Strumica regioп where the popнlation was allowed more leeway and where

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With such policies the new Yugoslav authorities largely overcame the residual pro-Bulgarian feeling among much of the population, and survived the split with Bulgaria in 1948. Pro-Bulgarians among Macedonians suffered severe repression as а result. However, while occasional trial continued throughout

9247:

in general suppressed the development of palatalization quite early, and not only in SC , but also Sln and Mac (close as the latter is to B) do not show any phonemic contrasts. For another thing, palatalization in B consonants is distinctive only before non-front vowels, and palatalized consonants

3145:

There are three grammatically distinctive positions in time – present, past and future – which combine with aspect and mood to produce a number of formations. Normally, in grammar books these formations are viewed as separate tenses – i. e. "past imperfect" would mean that the verb is in past tense,

2989:

The plural definite article is –те for all nouns except for those whose plural form ends in –а/–я; these get –та instead. When postfixed to adjectives the definite articles are –ят/–я for masculine gender (again, with the longer form being reserved for grammatical subjects), –та for feminine gender,

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Bulgarian has six vowel phonemes, but at least eight distinct phones can be distinguished when reduced allophones are taken into consideration. There is currently no consensus on the number of Bulgarian consonants, with one school of thought advocating for the existence of only 22 consonant phonemes

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Bulgarian language; however, there was much argument surrounding the choice of norms. Between 1835 and 1878 more than 25 proposals were put forward and "linguistic chaos" ensued. Eventually the eastern dialects prevailed, and in 1899 the Bulgarian Ministry of Education officially codified a standard

6395:

are the source of many words, used mostly in international terminology. Many Latin terms entered Bulgarian during the time when present-day Bulgaria was part of the Roman Empire and also in the later centuries through Romanian, Aromanian, and Megleno-Romanian during Bulgarian Empires. The loanwords

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was codified. After 1958, when the pressure from Moscow decreased, Sofia reverted to the view that the Macedonian language did not exist as a separate language. Nowadays, Bulgarian and Greek linguists, as well as some linguists from other countries, still consider the various Macedonian dialects as

9242:

Palatalization is marked by following vowels as in R. Extent of distinctive palatalisation is debated; most agree on n/n', l/l', k/k', g/g'. Our inventory lists B as having some 37 consonants, but this is an idealized number. The real number obviously depends on how many palatalized consonants one

9043:

In other accounts of the Bulgarian sound system a set of the so-called "soft" (i.e. palatal or palatalised) consonants is also included: /pʲ/, /bʲ/, /tʲ/, /dʲ/, /c/ (=kʲ ), /ɟ/ (=gʲ ), /ʦʲ/, /ʣʲ/, /mʲ/, /ɲ/ (=nʲ ), /rʲ/, /fʲ/, /vʲ/, /sʲ/, /zʲ/, /ç/ (=xʲ ), /ʎ/ (=lʲ )]. and do not occur in native

5068:

Bulgarian has several abstract particles which are used to strengthen a statement. These have no precise translation in English. The particles are strictly informal and can even be considered rude by some people and in some situations. They are mostly used at the end of questions or instructions.

9243:

recognizes as independent morphophonemes. A great deal of controversy surrounds this question, though, in spite of the large number of phonetic contrasts, phonemic palatalization is more circumscribed than in R. For one thing, phonemic palatalization in B is clearly secondary; we recall that SSL

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Sociolinguists agree that in such situations the decision as to whether a particular variety of speech constitutes a language or a dialect is always based on political, rather than linguistic criteria (Trudgill 1974:15). A language, in other words, can be defined "as a dialect with an army and a

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words (notably abstract, commodity/service-related or technical terms) have also penetrated Bulgarian since the second half of the 20th century, especially since 1989. A noteworthy portion of this English-derived terminology has attained some unique features in the process of its introduction to

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in Bulgarian is grammatically correct, while some forms of it, when used instead of a single negative form, are grammatically incorrect. The following are literal translations of grammatically correct Bulgarian sentences that utilize a double or multiple negation: "Никой никъде никога нищо не е

3012:

Pronouns may vary in gender, number, and definiteness, and are the only parts of speech that have retained case inflections. Three cases are exhibited by some groups of pronouns – nominative, accusative and dative. The distinguishable types of pronouns include the following: personal, relative,

9112:[When a consonant's place of articulation moves or somewhat widens towards the middle of the palate and tongue (while all other articulation characteristics remain unchanged, this articulation is given a particular nuance that we refer to as 'soft': l – l, n – n, т – т, к – к and so on] 1226:

a strong separate Macedonian identity has emerged since the Second World War, even though there still are a small number of citizens who identify their language as Bulgarian. Beyond the borders of North Macedonia, the situation is more fluid, and the pockets of speakers of the related regional

9278:

The phonemic analysis underlying the present transcription does not assume the existence of palatalized consonants. An alternative postulates the following palatalized consonants /pʲ, bʲ, tʲ, dʲ, kʲ, gʲ, ʦʲ, ʣʲ, mʲ, nʲ, rʲ, fʲ, vʲ, sʲ, zʲ, xʲ, lʲ/. The nature of palatalization in Bulgarian is

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The parts of speech in Bulgarian are divided in ten types, which are categorized in two broad classes: mutable and immutable. The difference is that mutable parts of speech vary grammatically, whereas the immutable ones do not change, regardless of their use. The five classes of mutables are:

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Bulgarian possesses a phonology similar to that of the rest of the South Slavic languages, notably lacking Serbo-Croatian's phonemic vowel length and tones and alveo-palatal affricates. There is a general dichotomy between Eastern and Western dialects, with Eastern ones featuring consonant

1053:

was the first Slavic language attested in writing. As Slavic linguistic unity lasted into late antiquity, the oldest manuscripts initially referred to this language as ѧзꙑкъ словѣньскъ, "the Slavic language". In the Middle Bulgarian period this name was gradually replaced by the name ѧзꙑкъ

811: 8442: 3056:: perfective verbs signify the completion of the action of the verb and form past perfective (aorist) forms; imperfective ones are neutral with regard to it and form past imperfective forms. Most Bulgarian verbs can be grouped in perfective-imperfective pairs (imperfective/perfective: 3043:

and agree with subjects in person (first, second and third) and number (singular, plural). In addition to that, past compound forms using participles vary in gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and voice (active and passive) as well as aspect (perfective/aorist and imperfective).

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within the South Slavic dialect continuum. Sociolinguists agree that the question whether Macedonian is a dialect of Bulgarian or a language is a political one and cannot be resolved on a purely linguistic basis, because dialect continua do not allow for either/or judgements.

3601:. All these tenses' forms are gender-specific in the singular. There are also conditional and compound-imperative crossovers. The existence of inferential forms has been attributed to Turkic influences by most Bulgarian linguists. Morphologically, they are derived from the 3068:"arrive"). Perfective verbs can be usually formed from imperfective ones by suffixation or prefixation, but the resultant verb often deviates in meaning from the original. In the pair examples above, aspect is stem-specific and therefore there is no difference in meaning. 2352:

has ensured Trubetzkoy's model virtual monopoly in state-issued phonologies and grammars since the 1960s. However, its reception abroad has been lukewarm, with a number of authors either calling the model into question or outright rejecting it. Thus, the Handbook of the

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The participles are inflected by gender, number, and definiteness, and are coordinated with the subject when forming compound tenses (see tenses above). When used in an attributive role, the inflection attributes are coordinated with the noun that is being attributed.

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of the verb class. The possible existence of a few other moods has been discussed in the literature. Most Bulgarian school grammars teach the traditional view of 4 Bulgarian moods (as described above, but excluding the subjunctive and including the inferential).

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Modern Bulgarian was based essentially on the Eastern dialects of the language, but its pronunciation is in many respects a compromise between East and West Bulgarian (see especially the phonetic sections below). Following the efforts of some figures of the

9110:Когато мястото на образуване на една съгласна се премести или разшири малко към средата на небцето и на езика (при запазване на другите учленителни особености), нейният изговор получава особен оттенък, който наричаме мек: л – л, н – н, т – т, к – к и пр. 2093:

consciousness. With the proclamation of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia as part of the Yugoslav federation, the new authorities also started measures that would overcome the pro-Bulgarian feeling among parts of its population and in 1945 a separate

1054:блъгарьскъ, the "Bulgarian language". In some cases, this name was used not only with regard to the contemporary Middle Bulgarian language of the copyist but also to the period of Old Bulgarian. A most notable example of anachronism is the Service of 1221:

There are Bulgarian speakers in neighbouring countries as well. The regional dialects of Bulgarian and Macedonian form a dialect continuum, and there is no well-defined boundary where one language ends and the other begins. Within the limits of the

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The 22-consonant model is based on a general consensus reached by all major Bulgarian linguists in the 1930s and 1940s. In turn, the 39-consonant model was launched in the beginning of the 1950s under the influence of the ideas of Russian linguist

5459:) – "let me" – exclusively when asking someone else for something. It can even be used on its own as a request or instruction (depending on the tone used), indicating that the speaker wants to partake in or try whatever the listener is doing. 3403:

The four perfect constructions above can vary in aspect depending on the aspect of the main-verb participle; they are in fact pairs of imperfective and perfective aspects. Verbs in forms using past participles also vary in voice and gender.

2757:. A variety of plural suffixes is used, and the choice between them is partly determined by their ending in singular and partly influenced by gender; in addition, irregular declension and alternative plural forms are common. Words ending in 5852:

is used as the third person singular in the present indicative and all other forms are formed by analogy to other verbs in the language. Sometimes the "verb" may even acquire a derivational prefix that changes its meaning. Examples:

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according to which St. Cyril preached with "Bulgarian" books among the Moravian Slavs. The first mention of the language as the "Bulgarian language" instead of the "Slavonic language" comes in the work of the Greek clergy of the

5084:) – the most common particle. It can be used to strengthen a statement or, sometimes, to indicate derision of an opinion, aided by the tone of voice. (Originally purely masculine, it can now be used towards both men and women.) 9983: 2981:

good person"). There are four singular definite articles. Again, the choice between them is largely determined by the noun's ending in the singular. Nouns that end in a consonant and are masculine use –ът/–ят, when they are

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were spelled with (Ѣ). Among other things, this was seen as a way to "reconcile" the Western and the Eastern dialects and maintain language unity at a time when much of Bulgaria's Western dialect area was controlled by

9086:Меки съгласки са – ж, ш, й, ч, дж; твърди – всички останали; тази делитба обаче в днешния български език е излишна, защото всяка съгласка може да бъде повече или по-малко смекчена, ако се следва от някоя мека самогласка 6132:

The phenomenon is practically obligatory in the spoken language in the case of inversion signalling information structure (in writing, clitic doubling may be skipped in such instances, with a somewhat bookish effect):

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dates from the 16th century onwards, undergoing general grammar and syntax changes in the 18th and 19th centuries. The present-day written Bulgarian language was standardized on the basis of the 19th-century Bulgarian

6054:. In the traditional rural extended family before 1900, there existed separate subcategories for different brothers-in-law/sisters-in-law of a woman with regard to their age relative to hers, e.g. instead of simply a 2163:

Several Cyrillic alphabets with 28 to 44 letters were used in the beginning and the middle of the 19th century during the efforts on the codification of Modern Bulgarian until an alphabet with 32 letters, proposed by

991:(12th to 15th centuries) – a literary norm that evolved from the earlier Old Bulgarian, after major innovations occurred. A language of rich literary activity, it served as an official administration language of the 1626:, but there were still hopes and occasional attempts to recover it. With the 1945 orthographic reform, this letter was abolished and the present spelling was introduced, reflecting the alternation in pronunciation. 7817:

Of the 6.64 million people who answered the optional language question in the 2011 census, 5.66 million (or 85.2%) reported being native speakers of Bulgarian (this amounts to 76.8% of the total population of 7.36

2302:. Both patterns have partial parallels in Russian, leading to partially similar sounds. In turn, the Western dialects generally do not have any allophonic palatalization and exhibit minor, if any, vowel reduction. 8723:

Tchavdar Marinov. In Defense of the Native Tongue: The Standardization of the Macedonian Language and the Bulgarian-Macedonian Linguistic Controversies. in Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One. DOI:

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is not completely horizontal, but also has a slight "wavy" aspect to it. This makes the Bulgarian gestures for yes and no compatible with the Western ones, and allows one to use either system unambiguously.

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consists of five compound tenses, most of which are not grammatically distinguishable. The present, future and past conditional use a special past form of the stem би- (bi – "be") and the past participle

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is a simple verb form used to express an action which is contemporaneous or subordinate to other past actions; it is made up of an imperfective or a perfective verbal stem and the person/number ending (

1096:, but preserving the rich verb system (while the development was exactly the opposite in other Slavic languages) and developing a definite article. It was influenced by its non-Slavic neighbors in the 8737:Благой Шклифов, За разширението на диалектната основа на българския книжовен език и неговото обновление. "Македонската" азбука и книжовна норма са нелегитимни, дружество "Огнище", София, 2003 г. 3347:

is a compound form used to express an action which was completed in the past and is relative to another past action; it is made up of the past tense of the verb съм and the past participle (e.g.

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Clitic doubling is also fully obligatory, both in the spoken and in the written norm, in clauses including several special expressions that use the short accusative and dative pronouns such as "

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construction with the particle да and a normal finite verb form), but nevertheless it is used regularly. The most common form, often mistaken for the present tense, is the present subjunctive (

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The language is also represented among the diaspora in Western Europe and North America, which has been steadily growing since the 1990s. Countries with significant numbers of speakers include

3362:

is a compound form used to express an action which is to take place in the future before another future action; it is made up of the future tense of the verb съм and the past participle (e.g.

8381: 3719:

onto him- or herself) which behave in a similar way as they do in many other Indo-European languages, such as French and Spanish. The reflexive is expressed by the invariable particle

2986:, and –а/–я elsewhere. Nouns that end in a consonant and are feminine, as well as nouns that end in –а/–я (most of which are feminine, too) use –та. Nouns that end in –е/–о use –то. 7026: 3377:

is a compound form used to express a past action which is future with respect to a past action which itself is prior to another past action; it is made up of the past imperfect of

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is a compound form used to express an action which was to be completed in the past but was future as regards another past action; it is made up of the past imperfect of the verb

6408:

rule, but have been replaced with native Bulgarian terms. Furthermore, after the independence of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire in 1878, Bulgarian intellectuals imported many

2329:, consonant palatalisation before front vowels and depalatalization of palatalized consonants before central and back vowels is strongly discouraged and labelled as provincial. 7861: 8866:

However, outside Greece, where the name of the language has been objected to (see Trudgill forthcoming), and Bulgaria, Macedonian's status as a language is generally accepted.

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perfective and imperfective verbs. It has completely replaced the infinitive and the supine from complex expressions (see below). It is also employed to express opinion about

3328:

is a compound form used to express an action which was completed in the past but is relevant for or related to the present; it is made up of the present tense of the verb съм

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in the imperfective aspect, and in the indicative mood (since no other mood is shown). There are more than 40 different tenses across Bulgarian's two aspects and five moods.

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as of the 2014 census (of which 15,300 were habitual users of the language), and presumably a significant proportion of the 13,200 ethnic Bulgarians residing in neighbouring

6963: 6893: 3211:

is a simple form used to express a temporarily independent, specific past action; it is made up of a perfective or an imperfective verbal stem and the person/number ending (

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of Greek origin in Bulgarian are a product of the influence of the liturgical language of the Orthodox Church. Many of the numerous loanwords from another Turkic language,

8146:

The Development of the Bulgarian Literary Language: From Incunabula to First Grammars, Late Fifteenth–Early Seventeenth Century, by Ivan N. Petrov. Lexington Books, 2021;

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Most of the vocabulary of modern Bulgarian consists of terms inherited from Proto-Slavic and local Bulgarian innovations and formations of those through the mediation of

4353:

Adverbs can sometimes be reduplicated to emphasize the qualitative or quantitative properties of actions, moods or relations as performed by the subject of the sentence: "

2852:('two/three/these beds'). However, a recently developed language norm requires that count forms should only be used with masculine nouns that do not denote persons. Thus, 6712:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

6863: 1464:) "frog – frogs", even though it co-occurs with the yat alternation in almost all Eastern dialects that have it (except a few dialects along the yat border, e.g. in the 7727: 1127:

occurred toward the end of the period of Ottoman rule (mostly during the 19th century), a modern Bulgarian literary language gradually emerged that drew heavily on

7440: 5205:

in nature. There is no change in the grammatical mood when these are used (although they may be expressed through different grammatical moods in other languages).

1637:), and its derivatives took this as the root. After the orthographic change, the pronoun and its derivatives were given an equal share of soft and hard spellings: 5946:

Similar "meaningless" expressions are extremely common in spoken Bulgarian, especially when the speaker is finding it difficult to describe or express something.

8164: 4096:

The remaining adverbs are formed in ways that are no longer productive in the language. A small number are original (not derived from other words), for example:

5025:

is interesting in that, while it feels archaic, it is often used in poetry and frequently in children's stories, since it has quite a moral/ominous feel to it.

6007:(your mother's brother), svako (your aunt's husband); an even larger number of synonyms for these three exists in the various dialects of Bulgarian, including 2305:

Standard Bulgarian keeps a middle ground between the macrodialects. It allows palatalizaton only before central and back vowels and only partial reduction of

5933:

can readily be used as a euphemism for taboo subjects. It is commonly used to substitute, for example, words relating to reproductive organs or sexual acts:

1788:(he has seen; they have seen), some natives of Western Bulgaria will preserve their local dialect pronunciation with "e" for all instances of "yat" (e.g. 5419:

side to the language. (Since they can be used by themselves, they could even be considered as verbs in their own right.) They are also highly informal.

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Vsichki hora se razhdat svobodni i ravni po dostoynstvo i prava. Te sa nadareni s razum i sŭvest i sledva da se otnasyat pomezhdu si v duh na bratstvo.

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The head-shaking gesture used to signify "no" in Western Europe may also be used interrogatively, with the meaning of "what is it?" or "what's wrong?".

2011: 1975: 9604: 8421: 2453:

in Bulgarian. Adjectives and adjectival pronouns agree with nouns in number and gender. Pronouns have gender and number and retain (as in nearly all

2044:

as a group of Bulgarian dialects. In contrast, Serbian sources tended to label them "south Serbian" dialects. Some local naming conventions included

2482:. The gender of the noun can largely be inferred from its ending: nouns ending in a consonant ("zero ending") are generally masculine (for example, 11636: 11304: 9485: 6666:

Bсички хора се раждат свободни и равни по достойнство и права. Tе са надарени с разум и съвест и следва да се отнасят помежду си в дух на братство.

7601:ще – from the verb ща – 'to want.' The present tense of this verb in the sense of 'to want' is archaic and only used colloquially. Instead, искам 6208:

In this case, clitic doubling can be a colloquial alternative of the more formal or bookish passive voice, which would be constructed as follows:

10332: 5894:, which can be used as a substitution for a noun, but also, if the speaker does not remember or is not sure how to say something, they might say 5805:

An extreme, albeit colloquial, example with almost no intrinsic lexical meaning – yet which is meaningful to the Bulgarian ear – would be :

3520:, 'I would study'). The past future conditional and the past future perfect conditional coincide in form with the respective indicative tenses. 11974: 7812: 7762: 6322:

The remaining 20% to 30% are loanwords from a number of languages, as well as derivations of such words. Bulgarian adopted also a few words of

3540:, 'I had better go'). The difference between the present indicative and the present subjunctive tense is that the subjunctive can be formed by 4993:

both mean "I smoke, but I shouldn't", the first sounds more like a statement of fact ("...but I mustn't"), while the second feels more like a

3411:, the present, and there are simple forms only for the second-person singular, -и/-й (-i, -y/i), and plural, -ете/-йте (-ete, -yte), e.g. уча 11979: 9696: 7881: 6046:(the relationships of two brothers' wives to each other). For all in-laws, there are specific names, e.g. a woman's husband's brother is her 5955:

The commonly cited phenomenon of Bulgarian people shaking their head for "yes" and nodding for "no" is true, but the shaking and nodding are

5197:

These are "tagged" on to the beginning or end of a sentence to express the mood of the speaker in relation to the situation. They are mostly

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The plural forms of the nouns do not express their gender as clearly as the singular ones, but may also provide some clues to it: the ending

1955: 8602:

von Max Vasmer. Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1941. Kap. VI: Allgemeines und sprachliche Stellung der Slaven Griechenlands.

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for a mixed eastern and western Bulgarian/Macedonian foundation of the standard Bulgarian language, stating in his article in the newspaper

9957: 9791: 7433: 8804: 2180: 8213: 4855:

In Bulgarian, there are several conjunctions all translating into English as "but", which are all used in distinct situations. They are

10458: 3698:, 'while reading'), relates an action contemporaneous with and subordinate to the main verb and is originally a Western Bulgarian form. 2998:

Both groups agree in gender and number with the noun they are appended to. They may also take the definite article as explained above.

1993: 8946: 1796:). Others, attempting to adhere to the norm, will actually use the "ya" sound even in cases where the standard language has "e" (e.g. 11401: 7853: 4298:

Homonymous and etymologically identical to the feminine singular form of the corresponding adjective used with the definite article:

9228:

COMMON and COMPARATIVE SLAVIC: Phonology and Inflection, with special attention to Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian

3936:

The difference between transitive and intransitive verbs can lead to significant differences in meaning with minimal change, e.g. –

3589:– and are formed by the past participles of perfective and imperfective verbs, respectively. There are also three compound tenses – 1601:

alternation. The letter was used in each occurrence of such a root, regardless of the actual pronunciation of the vowel: thus, both

11865: 11684: 10674: 7709:

Loring M. Danforth, The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World, 1995, Princeton University Press, p.65 ,

2082: 948: 7426: 1947: 96: 8689: 4810:

the third person singular of these two can be used impersonally to mean 'there is/there are' or 'there isn't/aren't any,' e.g.

2168:, gained prominence in the 1870s. The alphabet of Marin Drinov was used until the orthographic reform of 1945, when the letters 11299: 9056:

Choi, Kwon-Jin (1994). "Глайдовата система на българския и корейския език" [The Glide System in Bulgarian and Korean].

3664:(минало свършено страдателно причастие) is formed from aorist/perfective stems with the addition of the suffixes -н/–т (прочете 3027:

A Bulgarian verb has many distinct forms, as it varies in person, number, voice, aspect, mood, tense and in some cases gender.

68: 8165:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359950277_Written_Languages_in_Wallachia_during_the_Reign_of_Neagoe_Basarab_1512-1521

4972:

provides contrast between two situations, and in some sentences can even be translated as "although", "while" or even "and" –

1434:) – baker. This rule obtains in most Eastern dialects, although some have "ya", or a special "open e" sound, in all positions. 11949: 11643: 9554: 9526: 9019: 8832: 8786: 8761: 7953: 7922: 7737: 6656: 2922:

forms, which are still in use for masculine (with the endings -е, -о and -ю) and feminine nouns (-о and -е) in the singular.

7869:

Podle čl. 3 odst. 2 Statutu Rady je jejich počet 12 a jsou uživateli těchto menšinových jazyků: ..., srbština a ukrajinština

11717: 11504: 9737: 2630:'love'), and secondly, a much smaller group of irregular nouns with zero ending which define tangible objects or concepts ( 2333:

and another one claiming that there are not fewer than 39 consonant phonemes. The main bone of contention is how to treat

75: 10325: 1440:

The literary language norm, which is generally based on the Eastern dialects, also has the Eastern alternating reflex of

697: 666: 49: 1195:

region of nowadays Moldova and Ukraine dates mostly to the early 19th century. There were 134,000 Bulgarian speakers in

11712: 11159: 9495: 8914: 8699: 3678:(минало несвършено страдателно причастие) is formed from imperfective stems with the addition of the suffix –н (прочита 3654:(минало несвършено деятелно причастие) is formed by the addition of the suffixes –ел/–ал/–ял to imperfective stems (чет 2354: 1232: 1374:

alternates between "ya" and "e": it is pronounced "ya" if it is under stress and the next syllable does not contain a

11177: 9824: 9596: 9399: 9372: 9330: 9271: 9235: 9151: 8473: 8151: 7714: 4428: 1776:

In spite of the literary norm regarding the yat vowel, many people living in Western Bulgaria, including the capital

1214:, who migrated in the 17th century to the Banat region now split between Romania, Serbia and Hungary. They speak the 778: 115: 8640:

Stefan Verković, Описание быта македонских болгар; Топографическо-этнографический очерк Македонии (Петербург, 1889).

6873: 4410: 1849:, except in non-Slavic foreign-loaned words). This sound combination is common in all modern Slavic languages (e.g. 82: 11462: 9950: 9850: 9784: 9763: 7484: 7165: 6952: 6882: 5150:, but today perceived as rude and derisive (compare the similar evolution of the vocative forms of feminine names). 3779:

Sometimes, the reflexive verb form has a similar but not necessarily identical meaning to the non-reflexive verb –

2078: 2052:

and so forth. The codifiers of the standard Bulgarian language, however, did not wish to make any allowances for a

1987: 1271: 536: 1335:

vowel (Ѣ). This split, which occurred at some point during the Middle Ages, led to the development of Bulgaria's:

11624: 11509: 10532: 10475: 10236: 10178: 10150: 7225: 6693: 3624:(сегашно деятелно причастие) is formed from imperfective stems with the addition of the suffixes –ащ/–ещ/–ящ (чет 2070: 656: 388: 384: 380: 8848:

Trudgill, Peter (1992). "Ausbau sociolinguistics and the perception of language status in contemporary Europe".

8298: 8095: 5677:

An interesting phenomenon is that these can be strung along one after another in quite long constructions, e.g.

3527:

is rarely documented as a separate verb form in Bulgarian, (being, morphologically, a sub-instance of the quasi-

11929: 11467: 10451: 10318: 9166:

Andreychin, Lyubomir (1950). "За меките съгласни в българския език" [On Bulgarian Palatal Consonants].

8676:Шклифов, Благой and Екатерина Шклифова, Български деалектни текстове от Егейска Македония, София 2003, с. 28–36 8254:

Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries, Volume 1

5821:

literal translation: "what kind of – is – this one here (she) – this sort of – one – some sort of – no sort of"

4688:('he used to get threats'); in contemporary usage, it is mostly used in the negative to mean "ought not", e.g. 4446:

Questions in Bulgarian which do not use a question word (such as who? what? etc.) are formed with the particle

4395: 2324: 2297: 2257: 2229: 2213: 2033: 1313: 1144: 64: 53: 8678:(Shklifov, Blagoy and Ekaterina Shklifova. Bulgarian dialect texts from Aegean Macedonia Sofia 2003, p. 28–33) 8405:

Etnokonfesionalni i jezički mozaik Srbije (Popis stanovništa, domaćinstava i stanova 2011. u Republici Srbiji)

6867: 6330:

origin. The languages which have contributed most to Bulgarian as a way of foreign vocabulary borrowings are:

2396:. Syntactically, the first four of these form the group of the noun or the nominal group. The immutables are: 2074:: "Such an artificial assembly of written language is something impossible, unattainable and never heard of." 11969: 11964: 11959: 11939: 11585: 11394: 9214:

According to our inventory, the Bulgarian language has 6 vowels and 22 semivowels, for a total of 28 phonemes

6844: 6097:, mostly for emphatic purposes. For example, the following constructions are common in colloquial Bulgarian: 5846:) not only as a substitute for an adjective, but also as a substitute for a verb. In that case the base form 4450:

after the verb; a subject is not necessary, as the verbal conjugation suggests who is performing the action:

3181:, "I arrive/I am arriving"); only imperfective verbs can stand in the present indicative tense independently; 2349: 894: 855: 558: 9650:

The linguistic features of the Bulgarian language (from WALS, The World Atlas of Language Structures Online)

8374:"Статистический ежегодник 2017 - Министерство экономического развития Приднестровской Молдавской Республики" 8125: 7409: 11954: 11944: 11934: 11741: 11631: 11549: 11294: 10158: 10025: 8363:

The full data is available in the linked spreadsheet titled "Characteristics - Population", sheets 8 and 9.

7454: 7174: 6971: 6901: 3808:

In other cases, the reflexive verb has a completely different meaning from its non-reflexive counterpart –

2251: 1128: 576: 358: 312: 8404: 7645: 7626: 7602: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7577: 6976: 6906: 4823: 4813: 4803: 4794: 4772: 4768: 4755: 4747: 4734: 4721: 4715: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4632: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4587: 3574:), which may be used about both past and future events arousing feelings of incontinence, suspicion, etc. 3571: 3554: 3537: 3517: 3499: 3489: 3479: 3469: 3457: 3445: 3436: 3424: 3412: 3396: 3368: 3353: 3338: 3329: 3319: 3309: 3300: 3285: 3275: 3266: 3257: 3248: 3228: 3218: 3202: 3193: 3178: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3129: 3121: 3113: 3100: 3092: 3084: 2738: 2729: 2714: 2705: 2663: 2654: 2645: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2600: 2591: 2582: 2573: 2560: 2551: 2542: 2533: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2497: 2488: 1963: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1924: 1917: 1900: 1887: 1874: 1860: 1846: 1838: 1825: 1821: 423: 11924: 11919: 11855: 11612: 11514: 11289: 10917: 10484: 9943: 9777: 7160: 5220:) – is a universal affirmative tag, like "isn't it"/"won't you", etc. (it is invariable, like the French 2316: 2273: 2265: 2237: 2221: 1223: 1176:, where it is used in all spheres of public life. As of 2011, it is spoken as a first language by about 6 840: 531: 317: 9501: 8624: 8286:

Collective memory, national identity, and ethnic conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian question

4057:(skillfully). The same pattern is used to form adverbs from the (adjective-like) ordinal numerals, e.g. 4009:

way to form adverbs is to derive them from the neuter singular form of the corresponding adjective—e.g.

3644:(минало свършено деятелно причастие) is formed by the addition of the suffix –л– to perfective stems (че 2060:, who played a decisive role in the standardization of the Bulgarian language, rejected the proposal of 11653: 11534: 11324: 10762: 10134: 9978: 9462: 8541: 6797: 5255:– "I thought you weren't going to!" or "I thought there weren't any!" (depending on context – the verb 4006: 3762:

When the action is performed on others, other particles are used, just like in any normal verb, e.g. –

2308: 2289: 2245: 2145: 2090: 2086: 1156: 1124: 1055: 972: 956: 9678: 9008:

Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Truths and Lies About Facts, News and Events

3472:. There are compound imperative forms for all persons and numbers in the present compound imperative ( 1022:. The historical development of the Bulgarian language can be described as a transition from a highly 11499: 11081: 10444: 9845: 9725: 7312: 7273: 6878: 6673: 3156:

is a temporally unmarked simple form made up of the verbal stem and a complex suffix composed of the

2918:

forms. Vestiges are present in a number of phraseological units and sayings. The major exception are

2322: 2314: 2306: 2295: 2287: 2279: 2271: 2263: 2255: 2243: 2235: 2227: 2219: 2211: 1938:

occurs in other Slavic words, in Standard Bulgarian it is usually transcribed and pronounced as pure

1749:

Sometimes, with the changes, words began to be spelled as other words with different meanings, e.g.:

8350: 7839: 7770: 6858: 1633:

The third person plural pronoun and its derivatives. Before 1945 the pronoun "they" was spelled тѣ (

11813: 11778: 11595: 11575: 11452: 11387: 11121: 9818: 7479: 7464: 6397: 6352: 2769:, upon dropping of the singular ending. Of nouns ending in a consonant, the feminine ones also use 2281: 1312:

Extent of Bulgarian dialects according to the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences shown encompassing the

1109: 617: 9036: 8325:"Table 19A050501 02. Distribution of the population of Ukraine's regions by native language (0,1)" 7889: 7663:

Perhaps most similar in use is the tag "man", but the Bulgarian particles are more abstract still.

4936:

While there is some overlapping between their uses, in many cases they are specific. For example,

1934:, "ploughing"), however it is not represented in standard Bulgarian speech or writing. Even where 1328:

The language is mainly split into two broad dialect areas, based on the different reflexes of the

11707: 11679: 11600: 11442: 11182: 11099: 11027: 10818: 10775: 10491: 10425: 10276: 10221: 10120: 8197: 7494: 7396: 7307: 7118: 6811: 4406: 2899: 2885: 2825: 2454: 2176:(uppercase Ѫ, lowercase ѫ) were removed from its alphabet, reducing the number of letters to 30. 2153: 1215: 1092:

During the Middle Bulgarian period, the language underwent dramatic changes, losing the Slavonic

992: 693: 687: 429: 263: 42: 9437: 5277:) – expresses uncertainty (if in the middle of a clause, can be translated as "whether") – e.g. 2554:'lake'), as are those rare words (usually loanwords) that end in –и, –у, and –ю ( 2536:'street') are normally feminine; and nouns ending in –е, –о are almost always neuter ( 1030:

with some analyticity (Modern Bulgarian) with Middle Bulgarian as a midpoint in this transition.

89: 11803: 11619: 11590: 11437: 11019: 10952: 10947: 10912: 10871: 10642: 10391: 10020: 9814: 9714: 9419: 9244: 8936:"Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European" 8017: 7153: 6725: 2935: 2334: 2137: 2003: 1188: 1064: 902: 848: 623: 278: 268: 9389: 9193:] (in Bulgarian), vol. I Phonetics, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, p. 126 8887: 8822: 8801: 8751: 8675: 3694:(деепричастие) is usually formed from imperfective present stems with the suffix –(е)йки (чете 3124:) – in Bulgarian there is one more to describe a general category of unwitnessed events – the 11768: 11758: 11727: 11648: 11580: 11519: 11477: 11212: 11166: 11091: 11069: 10984: 10973: 10781: 10753: 10732: 10543: 10498: 10341: 10030: 9891: 7673: 6929: 6455: 2787:

for monosyllables (however, exceptions are especially common in this group). Nouns ending in

2666:'night'). There are also some commonly used words that end in a vowel and yet are masculine: 2053: 2007: 1999: 1831:

Bulgarian is the only Slavic language whose literary standard does not naturally contain the

1329: 1259: 1228: 1173: 968: 918: 914: 910: 898: 886: 875: 322: 8935: 8879: 7796: 6297:

Except the above examples, clitic doubling is considered inappropriate in a formal context.

5651:– lit. "some type of people", but the understood meaning is "a bunch of people I don't know" 4839:

used on its own can mean simply 'I won't' – a simple refusal to a suggestion or instruction.

4475:

generally goes after the verb, it can go after a noun or adjective if a contrast is needed:

4402: 11845: 11785: 11694: 11563: 11228: 10722: 10692: 10651: 10571: 10254: 10226: 9924: 9903: 9587: 7330: 6839: 6772: 6306: 3690: 2431: 2085:

began a policy of making Macedonia into the connecting link for the establishment of a new

2021: 1805: 1275: 1236: 1200: 1196: 1097: 1076: 934: 922: 906: 817: 283: 9645:

Information about the linguistic classification of the Bulgarian language (from Glottolog)

5549:(let me see), or even exclusively in combinations with them, with no other elements, e.g. 5536: 3634:(сегашно страдателно причастие) is formed by the addition of the suffixes -им/аем/уем (чет 1218:, which has had its own written standard and a historically important literary tradition. 8: 11884: 11795: 11722: 11667: 11457: 11419: 11329: 11238: 11037: 11004: 10905: 10895: 10864: 10664: 10551: 10514: 10503: 10300: 9898: 9664: 8565: 8519: 8497: 7474: 7391: 7325: 7194: 7146: 7094: 6924: 5996: 5226:). It can be placed almost anywhere in the sentence, and does not always require a verb: 4981:

Very often, different words can be used to alter the emphasis of a sentence – e.g. while

2983: 2358: 2204: 2141: 2104: 2100: 2095: 1908: 1579: 1283: 1279: 1267: 1263: 963: 836: 327: 9540:, American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages, pp. 42–54 8064: 7354: 2148:

in the 850s. The Glagolitic alphabet was gradually superseded in later centuries by the

1578:

Until 1945, Bulgarian orthography did not reveal this alternation and used the original

11808: 11763: 11689: 11432: 10900: 10837: 10812: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10580: 10268: 10216: 10201: 9966: 9908: 9881: 9840: 8984: 8861: 8738: 8579:

Contes Slaves de la Macédoine Sud-Occidentale: Etude linguistique; textes et traduction

8045: 7998: 7986: 7945: 7806: 7233: 7179: 7126: 7113: 6945: 4758:

is conjugated to form the past conditional ('would have' – again, with да, since it is

4658: 3072: 3007: 2750: 2438: 2434: 2342: 2117: 2061: 2016: 1891: 1300: 1295: 1184: 1136: 1059: 1039: 1027: 1023: 804: 413: 11314: 9006:[On a Revision of the Stance on the Make-Up of Bulgarian Phonemic Inventory]. 6229:" (I feel like playing), студено ми е (I am cold), and боли ме ръката (my arm hurts): 5569:

Bulgarian has several pronouns of quality which have no direct parallels in English –

5028:

Some common expressions use these words, and some can be used alone as interjections:

2132:

A modern form of the Bulgarian alphabet, derived from the cursive forms of the letters

1967: 1058:

from Skopje (Скопски миней), a 13th-century Middle Bulgarian manuscript from northern

882:

verb forms to encode for the source of information: witnessed, inferred, or reported.

609: 11893: 11860: 11850: 11830: 11818: 11753: 11539: 11349: 11339: 11200: 11116: 11054: 10957: 10939: 10922: 10879: 10853: 10799: 10794: 10717: 10682: 10601: 10524: 10186: 10163: 10105: 10100: 10068: 10050: 9935: 9871: 9855: 9644: 9550: 9522: 9491: 9395: 9368: 9326: 9267: 9231: 9147: 9015: 9003: 8910: 8880: 8828: 8782: 8757: 8695: 8479: 8469: 8147: 8076: 8049: 8037: 7990: 7949: 7918: 7733: 7710: 7489: 7459: 7189: 7054: 6825: 6767: 6426: 6323: 6088: 5543:

These particles can be combined with the vocative particles for greater effect, e.g.

5415:

These express intent or desire, perhaps even pleading. They can be seen as a sort of

5009:

both mean "I don't want to, but he does", however the first emphasizes the fact that

4599: 4595: 2939: 2370: 2123: 1160: 851: 844: 631: 436: 10701: 6850: 5188:, but archaic. Although informal, can sometimes be heard being used by older people. 1448:

synchronic or even historic "ya" sounds into "e" before front vowels – e.g. поляна (

858:. The two languages have several characteristics that set them apart from all other 662: 11835: 11489: 11447: 11427: 11334: 11270: 11074: 10788: 10739: 10727: 10712: 10591: 10586: 10467: 10409: 10401: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10211: 10073: 9994: 8857: 8351:"The Population of the Republic of Moldova at the Time of the Census was 2,998,235" 8029: 7982: 7380: 7364: 7335: 7047: 7040: 6817: 6783: 6778: 6762: 6417: 6380: 6368: 6362: 6316: 6036: 5967:

movement of the head rather than a downward one, while the shaking of the head for

5834:

Another interesting phenomenon that is observed in colloquial speech is the use of

5643:– "I don't know any (people like that)" (lit. "I don't know this sort of (person)") 5416: 4603: 3578: 3524: 3506: 3125: 3117: 3104: 2961:

person") or to the first nominal constituent of definite noun phrases (indefinite:

2931: 2891: 2450: 2442: 2065: 2029: 1240: 1211: 1180:

million people in the country, or about four out of every five Bulgarian citizens.

1132: 1117: 1101: 1072: 987: 878:

verb system (albeit analytically). One such major development is the innovation of

867: 863: 859: 821: 758: 711: 369: 332: 273: 9746: 6831: 5374:– "let him come"; when used in the first person, it expresses extreme politeness: 11898: 11607: 11354: 11152: 11111: 11104: 10858: 10848: 10823: 10806: 10596: 10564: 10519: 10509: 10371: 10249: 10206: 10196: 10095: 10078: 10040: 10012: 9886: 9876: 9741: 9729: 9718: 9679:"Iranic-Turkish-Bulgarian language Contact from a contact-semantic point of view" 9314: 9261: 8808: 8228: 7912: 7359: 7090: 6409: 6401: 6374: 6356: 6346: 6327: 6094: 6074: 6011:, etc. The words do not only refer to the closest members of the family (such as 5202: 3716: 3408: 3096: 3088: 3083:

The traditional interpretation is that in addition to the four moods (наклонения

3022: 2907: 2903: 2809: 2425: 2149: 2041: 2037: 1864: 1248: 409: 255: 245: 168: 20: 9734: 9629: 2337:: as separate phonemes or as allophones of their respective plain counterparts. 1243:

along the border with Bulgaria. Bulgarian is also spoken in Turkey: natively by

11823: 11369: 11344: 11137: 11059: 11049: 10992: 10770: 10707: 10610: 10191: 10115: 10110: 10090: 10083: 10045: 10035: 10002: 9649: 9303:Зидарова, Ваня (2007). Български език. Теоретичен курс с практикум, pp. 177–180 7469: 7059: 6745: 6677: 6405: 6392: 6340: 6334: 4591: 3976:– no precise translation, roughly translates as "he's really close to my heart" 3712: 3157: 3053: 2184: 1878: 1850: 1105: 1068: 1004: 980: 939:

One can divide the development of the Bulgarian language into several periods.

890: 490: 464: 399: 241: 236: 9146:, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, pp. 239–240, 8065:"An Evaluation on Istanbul's Bulgarians as the "Invisible Minority" of Turkey" 8033: 7888:. Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research. Archived from 1239:, there were 13,300 speakers as of 2011, mainly concentrated in the so-called 11913: 11699: 11319: 11309: 11009: 10885: 10630: 10556: 10168: 9634: 8651:

One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups

8208: 8080: 8041: 7994: 6422: 6312: 5395: 5198: 3965:

is often used to indicate a more personal relationship to the action, e.g. –

2919: 2915: 2446: 2128: 1951: 1943: 1252: 1148: 1046:

in the Old Bulgarian language, dated from the late 10th or early 11th century

967:(9th to 11th centuries) a literary norm of the early southern dialect of the 879: 8725: 8483: 6412:

vocabulary. In addition, both specialized (usually coming from the field of

3848:

When the action is performed on an indirect object, the particles change to

3389:

the present tense of the verb съм and the past participle of the verb (e.g.

3013:

reflexive, interrogative, negative, indefinitive, summative and possessive.

1308: 10927: 10244: 10060: 8018:"Minority Policies in Bulgaria and Turkey: The Struggle to Define a Nation" 7238: 6958: 6888: 5984: 5976: 5308: 4075:(thirdly), and in some cases from (adjective-like) cardinal numerals, e.g. 2192: 2188: 2165: 2057: 1920:"writing", etc.), as well as some Western Bulgarian dialectal forms – e.g. 1780:, will fail to observe its rules. While the norm requires the realizations 1204: 1152: 419: 365: 9407:

cent are later Bulgarian formations and 17 per cent are foreign borrowings

7827: 4831:

The impersonal form няма is used in the negative future – (see ще above).

593: 11544: 11256: 11243: 9612: 7638:

They can also be used on their own as a reply, with no object following:

2911: 1375: 1093: 1082: 10997: 10310: 8196: 8002: 7970: 5917:– I ate something of yours (perhaps: I ate your dessert). Here the word 11773: 11193: 11172: 11064: 8217:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 785. 7832: 7801:(in Bulgarian). Vol. Том 1: Население. София. pp. 33–34, 190. 7131: 6804: 6319:. The native terms in Bulgarian account for 70% to 80% of the lexicon. 3905:

is ambiguous between the indirect object and the possessive meaning –

3614: 3528: 1192: 1043: 1019: 871: 829: 647: regions where Bulgarian is the language of a significant minority 226: 8988: 7676:, these take the same form as pronouns as they do as adjectives – ie. 4711:(lit. 'it wants') is used to for forming the (positive) future tense: 4657:– interchangeable with съм in most tenses and moods, but never in the 2032:, all Bulgarian and the majority of foreign linguists referred to the 11218: 11044: 11032: 9769: 9751: 9683:

Corinna Leschber, Institute for Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Studies

9004:"За ревизия на становището за състава на българската фонемна система" 8972: 8302: 7257: 7005: 6939: 6917: 5526: 5249:

it can express quite complex thoughts through simple constructions –

4126:(very/much) etc. The rest are mostly fossilized case forms, such as: 2103:. Outside Bulgaria and Greece, Macedonian is generally considered an 1187:

abroad. One of the main historically established communities are the

1034: 602: 586: 568: 550: 11379: 9638: 8907:

The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world

7939: 7886:

Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

6042:(the relationship of the husbands of two sisters to each other) and 5394:, as an interjection, can also be used to express judgement or even 4413:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 4331:

Derived from cardinal numerals by means of a non-productive suffix:

2416:. Verbs and adverbs form the group of the verb or the verbal group. 2183:

on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the

1966:), although – because of the stress and the beginning of the word – 31: 11410: 11263: 11187: 11145: 10436: 9654: 7856:[National Minorities in Czech Republic and Their Language] 7543:('either') has a similar etymological root: и + ли ('and') – e.g. ( 5979:(similar to the English "tsk") also means "no" (informal), as does 4760: 4310:(gropingly); the same pattern has been applied to some verbs, e.g. 3996:– same meaning, but usually about something personal and/or trivial 2157: 1959: 1832: 1582: 1113: 1086: 1000: 996: 971:

from which Bulgarian evolved, also referred to as "Old Bulgarian".

825: 674: 459: 163: 9608: 8629:

Die Balkanvölker und ihre kulturellen und politischen Bestrebungen

5144:) (feminine only) – originally simply the feminine counterpart of 2699:(-i) is more likely to be used with a masculine or feminine noun ( 11494: 11250: 11206: 9668: 9658: 9564:Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език. Том 1. Фонетика 9315:"Development of Aspect from Ancient Slavic to Bulgaro-Macedonian" 7794: 7375: 7027:

Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian

7010: 7000: 6413: 3133: 2895: 2799:(both of which require the dropping of the singular endings) and 2564: 1444:. However, it has not incorporated the general Eastern umlaut of 1235:

variously identify their language as Macedonian or as Bulgarian.

1008: 670: 520: 505: 500: 495: 485: 203: 188: 183: 178: 173: 8498:"Стойков, Стойко. 2002 (1962) Българска диалектология. Стр. 101" 8422:"DC2210EWr - Main language by proficiency in English (regional)" 5307:– "don't tell me you want to!". It can be used on its own as an 3235:

In the indicative there are also the following compound tenses:

9706: 9545:

Ternes, Elmer; Vladimirova-Buhtz, Tatjana (1999), "Bulgarian",

9388:

Corbett, Professor Greville; Comrie, Professor Bernard (2003).

9363:

Corbett, Professor Greville; Comrie, Professor Bernard (2003).

9260:

Ternes, Elmer; Vladimirova-Buhtz, Tatjana (1999), "Bulgarian",

8520:"Стойков, Стойко. 2002 (1962) Българска диалектология. Стр. 99" 8280: 8278: 4728:

The negative future is formed with the invariable construction

4500:

A verb is not always necessary, e.g. when presenting a choice:

3726: 3686:, ' being killed'); it is used predicatively and attributively; 2754: 1623: 1619: 1465: 1244: 893:. It is also spoken by the Bulgarian historical communities in 515: 510: 213: 208: 198: 193: 9230:, Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers, Inc., pp. 286–287, 9210:

Introduction into Linguistics Also Taking Account of Bulgarian

7516:

is only used for the 3rd person, and other particles, such as

3492:) and the rarely used present pluperfect compound imperative ( 2763:(which are usually feminine) generally have the plural ending 1120:

to New Bulgarian, which was standardized in the 19th century.

889:, and since 2007 has been among the official languages of the 729: 11524: 6388: 6251:

Transl.: "I feel like sleeping, and Ivan feels like playing."

4544:

The same construction +не ('no') is an emphasized positive –

3260:, 'I will study'); negation is expressed by the construction 1777: 1570:

in Bulgarian, but the word was influenced by Russian and the

1164:

Bulgarian language based on the Drinov-Ivanchev orthography.

976: 641: regions where Bulgarian is the language of the majority 8973:"Alternative Analyses of the Bulgarian Nonsyllabic Phonemes" 8275: 8264: 8262: 5870:– I did something to my glasses (perhaps: I lost my glasses) 5818:

inferred translation – "what kind of no-good person is she?"

4525:

to a question word, thus forming a "double interrogative" –

11529: 9672: 7798:Преброяване на населението и жилищния фонд през 2011 година 6168:

Sometimes, the doubling signals syntactic relations, thus:

5999:. The biggest range of words is for uncles and aunts, e.g. 4960:

is often used to provide extra information or an opinion –

4669:('I will be here'); in the imperative, only бъда is used – 735: 732: 9722: 9702:

Rechnik.info — online dictionary of the Bulgarian language

8096:"Council Regulation (EC) No 1791/2006 of 20 November 2006" 6031:– older sister), but extend to its furthest reaches, e.g. 1629:

This had implications for some grammatical constructions:

1003:(until the 19th century) and an important language in the 764: 673:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

9586: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9248:

never occur in final position or before other consonants.

8259: 2858:('two/three students') is perceived as more correct than 2818:('several'), masculine nouns use a special count form in 2173: 2169: 1332: 726: 717: 5862:– I did something to your hat (perhaps: I took your hat) 5037:(lit. "yes, but no") – means "you're wrong to think so". 3672:, 'killed'); it is used predicatively and attributively; 975:

and their disciples used this norm when translating the

9544: 9259: 7854:"Národnostní menšiny v České republice a jejich jazyky" 7620:(lit. 'it does not have') and the subjunctive particle 6684: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5530: 5520: 5514: 5508: 5502: 5501:) – can be used to issue a negative instruction – e.g. 5496: 5490: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5454: 5438: 5429: 5399: 5381: 5375: 5369: 5363: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5312: 5302: 5292: 5278: 5272: 5261:

presents general negation/lacking, see "nyama", above).

5256: 5250: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5215: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5159: 5145: 5139: 5123: 5115: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5079: 5046: 5040: 5032: 5020: 5004: 4998: 4988: 4982: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4943: 4937: 4922: 4910: 4898: 4886: 4874: 4862: 3149:

In the indicative mood, there are three simple tenses:

794: 148: 9965: 9701: 9339: 8691:

Pluricentric Languages: The Codification of Macedonian

8468:(in Bulgarian). София: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 7524:, are used for the 1st and 2nd persons singular, e.g. 6404:

were adopted into Bulgarian during the long period of

9600:], vol. I–VII, Българска академия на науките 8983:(2, Part I). Linguistic Society of America: 266–270. 8886:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 7860:(in Czech). Government of Czech Republic. p. 2. 6293:

Transl.: Ivan has sore throat, and I have a headache.

4684:– slightly archaic, imperfective form of бъда – e.g. 2864:, while the distinction is retained in cases such as 1528:(seat, e.g. of government or institution, butt), etc. 779: 738: 9711: 9707:

Rechko — online dictionary of the Bulgarian language

9538:

The Phonemic System of Colloquial Standard Bulgarian

9292:Пашов, Петър (1999) Българска граматика. Стр. 73–74. 7755: 5878:– I did something to myself (perhaps: I hurt myself) 4175:

Archaic instrumental forms of some adjectives, e.g.

3565:

take place, and the present pluperfect subjunctive (

2930:

In modern Bulgarian, definiteness is expressed by a

2226:) and substantial vowel reduction of the low vowels 1988:

Macedonian language § Relationship to Bulgarian

1316:. Subregions are differentiated by pronunciation of 767: 761: 720: 714: 8893:

admit of more-or-less but not either-or judgements.

8568:, Stoyko Stoykov, 1962 (p.144). Retrieved May 2013. 8466:Български диалектен атлас (Bulgarian dialect atlas) 6186:

Transl.: "Petar and Ivan were eaten by the wolves".

5825:

The subject of the sentence is simply the pronoun "

5513:+ subjunctive). In some dialects, the construction 5045:can be tagged onto a sentence to express surprise: 4779: 3992:– I am thinking (usually about something serious), 2993: 2793:(most of which are neuter) mostly use the suffixes 1274:(38,500 speakers in England and Wales as of 2011), 770: 723: 56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 9547:Handbook of the International Phonetic Association 9263:Handbook of the International Phonetic Association 9058:Съпоставително езикознание/Contrastive Linguistics 8970: 8779:Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918–1992 8087: 7729:Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918-1992 2470:There are three grammatical genders in Bulgarian: 2012:Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union 1761:), spelt and pronounced the same as свят – "holy". 9206:Увод в езикознанието с оглед и на българския език 8256:(Central European University Press, 2006), p. 248 8221: 7550: 6219:(lit. "Petar and Ivan were eaten by the wolves.") 5959:identical to the Western gestures. The "nod" for 3729:form of the accusative reflexive pronoun. Thus – 2934:which is postfixed to the noun, much like in the 11911: 9635:Bulgarian Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words 9187:Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език 9001: 8877: 8590:Селищев, Афанасий. Избранные труды, Москва 1968. 6692:Bulgarian pronunciation transliterated in broad 5987:). The two are often said with the upward 'nod'. 4948:– "not this one, but that one" (compare Spanish 4130:Archaic locative forms of some adjectives, e.g. 4033:use the masculine singular form (i.e. ending in 3016: 2348:Despite frequent objections, the support of the 1350:is pronounced "e" in all positions. e.g. млеко ( 1339:Western dialects (informally called твърд говор/ 1251:who emigrated from Bulgaria, mostly during the " 1139:have subsequently entered the language as well. 9290: 7677: 7639: 7621: 7615: 7544: 7538: 6275: 6254: 6233: 6224: 6212: 6194: 6172: 6153: 6137: 6117: 6101: 5995:Bulgarian has an extensive vocabulary covering 5937: 5928: 5918: 5912: 5904: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5873: 5865: 5857: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5826: 5810: 5784: 5774: 5754: 5744: 5725: 5715: 5703: 5668: 5662: 5654: 5646: 5638: 5630: 5624: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5588: 5582: 5576: 5570: 5484: 5448: 5423: 5389: 5357: 5319: 5286: 5266: 5209: 5165: 5153: 5133: 5109: 5073: 5054: 4928: 4916: 4904: 4892: 4880: 4868: 4856: 4834: 4798: 4789: 4738: 4729: 4706: 4676: 4649: 4640: 4582: 4554: 4548: 4535: 4529: 4520: 4510: 4504: 4487: 4479: 4470: 4460: 4454: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4010: 3715:forms (i.e. actions which are performed by the 3581:has five pure tenses. Two of them are simple – 3566: 3549: 3532: 3511: 3493: 3483: 3473: 3461: 3449: 3440: 3428: 3416: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3363: 3348: 3333: 3313: 3312:('to') and the present tense of the verb (e.g. 3304: 3295: 3279: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3222: 3212: 3197: 3188: 3172: 3108: 3063: 3057: 2968: 2962: 2949: 2943: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2819: 2813: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2733: 2724: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2694: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2658: 2649: 2640: 2631: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2595: 2586: 2577: 2568: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2510: 2501: 2492: 2483: 2089:and stimulating here a development of distinct 788: 9697:Eurodict — multilingual Bulgarian dictionaries 9665:Locale Data Summary for the Bulgarian language 9605:Notes on the Grammar of the Bulgarian language 9549:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 55–57, 9517:Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G. (1993). 9226:Townsend, Charles E.; Janda, Laura A. (1996), 8827:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 116. 8781:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 122. 8463: 2457:) a more significant part of the case system. 1696:adjectives received the same treatment as тѣ: 1363:Eastern dialects (informally called мек говор/ 11395: 10452: 10326: 9951: 9785: 9712:Bulgarian–English–Bulgarian Online dictionary 9516: 9387: 9362: 9225: 9212:], Sofia: Sofia University, p. 102, 9083:], Plovdiv: Hristo G. Danov, p. 31, 8933: 8122:"Languages in Europe – Official EU Languages" 7434: 6664: 6277:Иван го боли гърлото, а мене ме боли главата. 4949: 4845: 4519:Rhetorical questions can be formed by adding 3548:future events. The past perfect subjunctive ( 2250:in unstressed position, sometimes leading to 1981: 1597:vowel or at least root vowels displaying the 1304:Map of the Bulgarian dialects within Bulgaria 874:. They retain and have further developed the 9535: 9074: 8971:van Campen, Joseph; Ornstein, Jacob (1959). 8850:International Journal of Applied Linguistics 8753:Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2 8631:, Urania, II, Jg. 13, 27. März 1909, p. 195. 7917:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 83. 7790: 7788: 7649: 7549:– '(either) the yellow one or the red one.' 6425:, and the older, more conservative educated 5799:worthless car (that I'm trying to describe) 5617:("the same") derives from the same radical. 5221: 3628:, 'reading') and is used only attributively; 3482:), the present perfect compound imperative ( 3087:) shared by most other European languages – 2509:'man'; those ending in –а/–я (-a/-ya) ( 239:: 7.6 million in Bulgaria (2011 census) 9752:English, Bulgarian bidirectional dictionary 9131:], Plovdiv: Hristo G. Danov, p. 33 8394:There is no data on the number of speakers. 5812:kakva e taya takava edna nyakakva nikakva?! 5611:(the sort of ... that ... ). The adjective 5297:) – presents disbelief ~"don't tell me that 4966:– "I said it, but I was wrong". Meanwhile, 2990:–то for neuter gender, and –те for plural. 2749:Two numbers are distinguished in Bulgarian– 2181:accession of Bulgaria to the European Union 2099:part of the broader Bulgarian pluricentric 2028:Until the period immediately following the 11402: 11388: 10459: 10445: 10333: 10319: 9958: 9944: 9792: 9778: 9266:, Cambridge University Press, p. 57, 9191:Grammar of Contemporary Standard Bulgarian 9165: 9141: 9099: 8909:. Princeton University Press. p. 67. 8571: 8299:"Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria" 8182:"Какво е дал българинът на другите народи" 8176: 7968: 7882:"Implementation of the Charter in Hungary" 7811:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7795:Национален Статистически Институт (2012). 7441: 7427: 5927:As a result of this versatility, the word 5605:(every sort of); and the relative pronoun 5013:wants to, while the second emphasizes the 3947:– I like you (lit. you are pleasing to me) 3608: 2775:, whereas the masculine ones usually have 1994:Political views on the Macedonian language 1167: 630: 10340: 8726:https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004250765_010 8288:(Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002), p. 92 8194: 8056: 7941:Minorities and nationalism in Turkish law 7914:International Encyclopedia of Linguistics 7785: 6512:Foreign borrowings in Bulgarian (1955–59) 6272:Transl.: "We are cold, and you are warm." 6256:На нас ни е студено, а на вас ви е топло. 6204:Transl.: "Petar and Ivan ate the wolves". 5983:(the only occurrence in Bulgarian of the 5831:" (lit. "this one here"; colloq. "she"). 5380:– "let us go" (in colloquial situations, 5120:– expresses urgency, sometimes pleading. 4816:('there is still time' – compare Spanish 4559:– 'Nearly everyone!' (lit. 'I wonder who 4429:Learn how and when to remove this message 2925: 2056:"Bulgaro-Macedonian" compromise. In 1870 1593:) at the time, to express the historical 1589:(Ѣ), which was commonly called двойно е ( 1104:, which was the official language of the 1100:(mostly grammatically) and later also by 1026:(Old Bulgarian) to a fusional inflecting 116:Learn how and when to remove this message 9735:Online Dual English–Bulgarian dictionary 9655:Information about the Bulgarian language 8904: 8878:Chambers, Jack; Trudgill, Peter (1998). 8847: 8566:Bulgarian Dialectology: Western Dialects 8022:Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 7931: 7580:'How are things?' (lit. 'how is it?') – 6441:Bulgarian lexis according to word origin 6235:На мен ми се спи, а на Иван му се играе. 5529:) is used instead. As an interjection – 5410: 4250:Archaic accusative forms of some nouns: 3242:is a compound form made of the particle 2357:only lists 22 consonants in Bulgarian's 2127: 2083:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 2015: 1307: 1299: 1081: 1067:in the 11th century, for example in the 1033: 9463:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 9420:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 9312: 9203: 8820: 8410:(Report) (in Serbian). pp. 151–56. 8270:Encyclopedia of the languages of Europe 8093: 7944:. Cultural Diversity and Law. Farnham: 7910: 4978:– "I'm working, and he's daydreaming". 949:Slavic migration to the eastern Balkans 698:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 667:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 11912: 11300:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony 9799: 9483: 9184: 9038:The Sound System of Standard Bulgarian 8776: 8770: 8581:; Notes de Folklore, Paris 1923, p. 4. 8188: 8100:Official Journal of the European Union 8015: 7971:"The EU and Minority Rights in Turkey" 7725: 7648:– 'there aren't any' – compare German 6201:(lit. "Petar and Ivan ate the wolves") 5564: 4277:Archaic genitive forms of some nouns: 3557:, 'I'd had better be gone') refers to 3407:There is only one simple tense in the 3030: 2824:, which stems from the Proto-Slavonic 2036:spanning the area of modern Bulgaria, 1172:Bulgarian is the official language of 11409: 11383: 10440: 10314: 9939: 9773: 9122: 9108:], Sofia: Hemus, p. 26, 33, 9034: 8756:. Taylor & Francis. p. 808. 8687: 8542:"Речник на думите в българският език" 8062: 7937: 7573:It is a common reply to the question 7560:съм is pronounced similar to English 6705:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6657:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6214:Петър и Иван бяха изядени от вълците. 5923:is used as a substitution for a noun. 5063: 3986:– same meaning, but sounds friendlier 3332:('be') and the past participle (e.g. 2846:('two/three/these books') and neuter 2723:belongs more often to a neuter noun ( 2460: 2419: 1475:umlaut in the literary language are: 979:and other liturgical literature from 803: 248:: 7.9 million in all countries (2023) 11980:Languages written in Cyrillic script 10466: 9064:(2). Sofia: Sofia University: 10–14. 9055: 9002:Ignatova-Tzoneva, Dimitrina (2018). 8795: 8749: 8464:Кочев (Kochev), Иван (Ivan) (2001). 7512:Unlike in French and Spanish, where 7500: 6244:it-feels-like-sleeping, and to Ivan 4567: 4378: 2210:palatalization before front vowels ( 1554:(sanctuary), etc. (in this example, 54:adding citations to reliable sources 25: 8952:from the original on 9 October 2022 8124:. EUROPA web portal. Archived from 7969:Toktaş, Şule; Araş, Bulent (2009). 7867:from the original on 14 July 2014. 6073:As with many Slavic languages, the 5939:toy si takova takovata v takovata i 5348:is entirely separate from the verb 4927:) – "however", identical in use to 4027:(strange)—but adjectives ending in 3790:– my name is (lit. "I call myself") 1456:) "meadow – meadows" or even жаба ( 1247:, and as a second language by many 1155:), there had been many attempts to 955:6th century CE) and the mission of 13: 8862:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00031.x 8694:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 440. 7987:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00664.x 7821: 7690:(pron., depending on the context). 6119:Аз (ѝ го) дадох подаръка на Мария. 5900:and then pause to think about it: 5769:car (that I'm trying to describe) 5192: 4997:("...but I oughtn't"). Similarly, 4754:The past tense of this verb – щях 3706: 3676:Past passive imperfect participle' 2732:'lakes'). Also, the plural ending 2355:International Phonetic Association 14: 11991: 9825:History of the Bulgarian language 9618: 9597:Bulgarian etymological dictionary 9590:; et al., eds. (1971–2011), 5888:in colloquial speech is the word 4374: 2898:(as they do in many other modern 1210:Another community abroad are the 9747:Bulgarian bilingual dictionaries 9536:Klagstad Jr., Harold L. (1958), 7838: 7614:Formed from the impersonal verb 7485:Swadesh list of Slavic languages 6174:Петър и Иван ги изядоха вълците. 6103:Аз (го) дадох подаръка на Мария. 6050:and her husband's sister is her 5949: 5342:– "may he come". Grammatically, 4383: 3652:Past active imperfect participle 3638:, 'that can be read, readable'); 2994:Adjective and numeral inflection 2741:occurs only in masculine nouns. 1131:(and to some extent on literary 866:, the development of a suffixed 757: 710: 537:Institute for Bulgarian Language 30: 9477: 9455: 9430: 9412: 9381: 9306: 9297: 9284: 9253: 9219: 9197: 9178: 9159: 9135: 9116: 9093: 9068: 9049: 9028: 8995: 8964: 8927: 8898: 8871: 8841: 8814: 8743: 8731: 8717: 8708: 8681: 8669: 8656: 8653:, p.438 (Greenwood Press, 2000) 8643: 8634: 8618: 8605: 8593: 8584: 8559: 8534: 8512: 8490: 8457: 8435: 8414: 8397: 8366: 8343: 8317: 8291: 8246: 8195:Bourchier, James David (1911). 8170: 8157: 8140: 8114: 8009: 7962: 7666: 7657: 7632: 7608: 7595: 7567: 7554: 7531: 7506: 7226:Transitional Bulgarian dialects 6400:and, via Ottoman Turkish, from 6155:На Мария ѝ (го) дадох подаръка. 6139:Подаръка (ѝ) го дадох на Мария. 5692:meaning of sentence as a whole 5234:– you are coming, aren't you?; 3662:Past passive aorist participle' 3595:past future perfect inferential 2840:('these chairs'); cf. feminine 2172:(uppercase Ѣ, lowercase ѣ) and 1116:texts mark the transition from 862:, including the elimination of 835:Along with the closely related 539:, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 41:needs additional citations for 11160:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin 9846:Romanization (Transliteration) 8811:, UCLA International Institute 8750:Cook, Bernard Anthony (2001). 8301:(in Bulgarian). Archived from 7904: 7874: 7846: 7719: 7703: 6649: 5283:– "do you think he will come?" 4365:" ("with great difficulty"), " 3171:and the person/number ending ( 2430:Nouns and adjectives have the 2034:South Slavic dialect continuum 1845:after a palatalized consonant 1410:), and "e" otherwise – e.g. мл 1199:at the 2001 census, 41,800 in 1145:National awakening of Bulgaria 636:The Bulgarian-speaking world: 1: 11975:Subject–verb–object languages 10299:Also considered a dialect of 9592:Български етимологичен речник 9100:Andreychin, Lyubomir (1942), 8934:Leonard Orban (24 May 2007). 8272:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2000), p.45 7696: 7584:'alright' (lit. 'it is') or 7320: 6300: 6265:it-is cold, and to you-plur. 6196:Петър и Иван изядоха вълците. 5738:(that I'm trying to describe) 5673:– "I don't want any!"/"none!" 5667:– "which type do you want?"; 5059:– "you don't say!", "really!" 4590:– 'to be' is also used as an 3879:– she is singing to herself, 3642:Past active aorist participle 3017:Verbal morphology and grammar 2967:, 'a good person'; definite: 2870:('two/three pencils') versus 2350:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 2079:People's Republic of Bulgaria 1314:Eastern South Slavic dialects 1129:Church Slavonic/Old Bulgarian 952: 856:Indo-European language family 818:Eastern South Slavic language 11950:Languages of North Macedonia 11295:Slavic second palatalization 9313:Bubenik, Vit (August 1995). 9142:Trubetzkoy, Nikolai (1971), 9075:Kalkandzhiev, Petar (1936), 8905:Danforth, Loring M. (1997). 8094:EUR-Lex (12 December 2006). 7455:Abstand and ausbau languages 7221:Serbian–Bulgarian–Macedonian 5635:– what sort of person is he? 4696: 4484:– 'are you coming with us?'; 4441: 3901:In some cases, the particle 3893:– they cook for themselves, 3819:– to have a row with someone 3613:Bulgarian has the following 3278:, or the old-fashioned form 3071:In Bulgarian, there is also 2834:('two/three chairs') versus 2717:'sicknesses'), while one in 2198: 1566:(ѧ), which normally becomes 1183:There is also a significant 947:covers the time between the 828:. It is the language of the 19:Not to be confused with the 7: 11290:Slavic first palatalization 9570:Звуковете в българския език 9319:Historical Linguistics 1995 9102:Основна българска граматика 8802:Language profile Macedonian 8615:(København, 1926, MCMXXVI). 7975:Political Science Quarterly 7678: 6717: 6685: 5938: 5929: 5919: 5913: 5905: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5874: 5866: 5858: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5827: 5811: 5785: 5775: 5755: 5745: 5726: 5716: 5704: 5669: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5639: 5631: 5625: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5571: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5535:– "don't!" (See section on 5531: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5455: 5439: 5430: 5400: 5386:, below, is used instead). 5382: 5376: 5370: 5368:) – means "let('s)" – e.g. 5364: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5313: 5303: 5293: 5279: 5273: 5257: 5251: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5216: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5160: 5146: 5140: 5124: 5116: 5100: 5094: 5088: 5080: 5047: 5041: 5033: 5021: 5005: 4999: 4989: 4983: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4944: 4938: 4923: 4911: 4899: 4887: 4875: 4863: 4572: 4409:the claims made and adding 4371:" ("quite", "thoroughly"). 4193:(blindly), and nouns, e.g. 3001: 2111: 1289: 1224:Republic of North Macedonia 841:East South Slavic languages 795: 149: 10: 11996: 9394:. Routledge. p. 239. 9367:. Routledge. p. 240. 8666:, p.251 (Routledge, 1993). 8600:Die Slaven in Griechenland 7546:или) Жълтият или червеният 6304: 6086: 5587:(that sort of – colloq.); 5098:– is that so? (derisive); 4846:Conjunctions and particles 4826:('there is no one there'). 4000: 3875:– I am singing to myself, 3632:Present passive participle 3602: 3587:past imperfect inferential 3561:events in the past, which 3399:, 'I would have studied'). 3322:, 'I was going to study'); 3020: 3005: 2883: 2812:and related words such as 2423: 2368: 2364: 2202: 2146:Saints Cyril and Methodius 2121: 2115: 2087:Balkan Federative Republic 1997: 1991: 1985: 1982:Relationship to Macedonian 1558:comes not from historical 1293: 1191:, whose settlement in the 973:Saints Cyril and Methodius 957:Saints Cyril and Methodius 932: 928: 839:(collectively forming the 18: 11878: 11794: 11749: 11740: 11675: 11666: 11571: 11562: 11485: 11476: 11418: 11363: 11280: 11227: 11136: 11090: 11082:Slavic dialects of Greece 11018: 10983: 10972: 10938: 10836: 10761: 10752: 10691: 10673: 10650: 10641: 10542: 10474: 10418: 10400: 10364: 10348: 10297: 10267: 10235: 10177: 10149: 10133: 10059: 10011: 9993: 9977: 9917: 9864: 9833: 9807: 9335:– via Google Books. 9291: 8714:Makedoniya July 31st 1870 8034:10.1080/14683850601016390 7911:Frawley, William (2003). 7688:this kind of person/thing 7640: 7622: 7616: 7545: 7539: 7274:Slavic dialects of Greece 6665: 6636: 6628: 6623: 6615: 6610: 6602: 6597: 6589: 6584: 6576: 6571: 6563: 6558: 6550: 6545: 6537: 6532: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6511: 6490: 6482: 6477: 6469: 6464: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6440: 6359:via Ottoman Turkish) 14%, 6286:aches the throat, and me 6276: 6255: 6234: 6225: 6213: 6195: 6190:This is contrasted with: 6173: 6154: 6138: 6118: 6102: 6082: 6003:(your father's brother), 5620:Example phrases include: 5485: 5449: 5424: 5358: 5320: 5287: 5267: 5210: 5176:, feminine) – similar to 5166: 5154: 5134: 5110: 5074: 5055: 5000:az ne iskam, ama toy iska 4929: 4917: 4905: 4893: 4881: 4869: 4857: 4835: 4799: 4790: 4739: 4730: 4707: 4677: 4650: 4641: 4583: 4555: 4549: 4536: 4530: 4521: 4511: 4505: 4488: 4480: 4471: 4461: 4455: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4211:(one next to the other), 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4148:(too, rather), and nouns 4144: 4138: 4132: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4011: 3622:Present active participle 3567: 3550: 3533: 3512: 3494: 3484: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3441: 3429: 3417: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3371:, 'I will have studied'); 3364: 3349: 3334: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3280: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3244: 3223: 3213: 3198: 3189: 3173: 3109: 3064: 3058: 3047: 2969: 2963: 2950: 2944: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2820: 2814: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2744: 2734: 2725: 2719: 2710: 2701: 2695: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2659: 2650: 2641: 2632: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2587: 2578: 2569: 2556: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2511: 2502: 2493: 2484: 2465: 2160:in the late 9th century. 2144:which was devised by the 1757:) – "world" became свят ( 959:to Great Moravia in 860s. 870:, and the lack of a verb 843:), it is a member of the 789: 653: 629: 616: 600: 584: 566: 548: 543: 530: 473: 452:Official language in 450: 445: 396: 347: 305: 252: 232: 222: 156: 144: 137: 132: 9740:29 December 2008 at the 9574:Кръстев, Боримир (1992) 9484:Pisani, Vittore (2012). 9185:Tilkov, Dimitar (1982), 8824:Who are the Macedonians? 8625:Konstantin Josef Jireček 7948:. pp. 88, 203–204. 7682:means both "this kind of 7480:Slavic language (Greece) 7465:Banat Bulgarian language 7410:Banat Bulgarian alphabet 6454:Directly inherited from 6387:The classical languages 5479:– "let me.../give me..." 5240:– didn't they want to?; 5092:– tell me (insistence); 5017:rather than the person. 4692:('you shouldn't smoke'). 4229:(with words); or verbs: 3599:past perfect inferential 3555:(ˈpɔdobrɛ)dɐbʲaxoˈtiʃɐl/ 3140: 3052:Bulgarian verbs express 3035:Finite verbal forms are 2890:Cases exist only in the 2886:Case system of Bulgarian 1112:, mostly lexically. The 1110:Ottoman Turkish language 424:Banat Bulgarian Alphabet 11443:Second Bulgarian Empire 10426:Bulgarian Sign Language 9764:Bulgarian for Beginners 9568:Жобов, Владимир (2004) 9144:Principles of Phonology 9123:Popov, Dimitar (1942), 9106:Basic Bulgarian Grammar 8688:Clyne, Michael (1992). 8214:Encyclopædia Britannica 8201:LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 7763:"Bulgarians in Albania" 7495:The BABEL Speech Corpus 6564:Ottoman Turkish, Arabic 6248:it-feels-like-playing") 6128:the present to Maria.") 6112:the present to Maria.") 6070:(who is still a child). 6009:kaleko, lelincho, tetin 5906:i posle toy takovata... 5659:– "all sorts of people" 5434:) – "come on", "let's" 5006:az ne iskam, a toy iska 4942:is used for a choice – 4771:– 'I would have gone;' 4750:– 'I will not be going' 4639:Two alternate forms of 4492:– 'are you coming with 4051:(bravely, like a man), 3932:– I want my ball (back) 3883:– she is singing to him 3865:– you say to yourself, 3609:Non-finite verbal forms 3591:past future inferential 3583:past aorist inferential 3303:('will'), the particle 3078: 2900:Indo-European languages 2879: 2455:Indo-European languages 2154:Preslav Literary School 2152:, developed around the 1216:Banat Bulgarian dialect 1168:Geographic distribution 1011:spoke and used it well. 993:Second Bulgarian Empire 430:Banat Bulgarian dialect 11713:Science and technology 11438:First Bulgarian Empire 9815:Old Bulgarian language 9562:Бояджиев и др. (1998) 9519:The Slavonic Languages 9487:Old Bulgarian Language 9391:The Slavonic Languages 9365:The Slavonic Languages 9245:South Slavic Languages 8821:Poulton, Hugh (2000). 8777:Djokić, Dejan (2003). 8664:The Slavonic Languages 8016:Köksal, Yonca (2006). 7732:. Hurst. p. 122. 7726:Djokić, Dejan (2003). 7650: 6726:South Slavic languages 6179:(lit. "Petar and Ivan 5561:(I told you not to!). 5390: 5222: 4975:az rabotya, a toy blee 4963:kazah go, ama sgreshih 4950: 4850: 4359:" ("rather slowly"), " 3854:and its derivatives – 2948:, 'person'; definite: 2936:Scandinavian languages 2926:Definiteness (article) 2781:for polysyllables and 2335:palatalized consonants 2133: 2025: 2004:Macedonian nationalism 1808:is called свръхякане ( 1768:) – "they" became те ( 1325: 1305: 1189:Bessarabian Bulgarians 1089: 1065:Archbishopric of Ohrid 1047: 686:This article contains 655:This article contains 11930:Languages of Bulgaria 11213:Taimyr Pidgin Russian 10342:Languages of Bulgaria 9639:Swadesh list appendix 9630:Bulgarian at Omniglot 9607:– 1844 – Smyrna (now 9204:Mangold, Max (1988), 9035:Sabev, Mitko (2013), 8807:11 March 2009 at the 8063:Özlem, Kader (2019). 7938:Bayır, Derya (2013). 7211:Transitional dialects 6845:Eastern Herzegovinian 6164:I-gave the present.") 5411:Intentional particles 5330:) – expresses wish – 4775:'you would have gone' 4553:– 'Who was there?' – 3984:stanahme si priyateli 3982:– we became friends, 3889:– I cook for myself, 3800:– "we see ourselves" 2690:'uncle', and others. 2131: 2019: 2008:Pluricentric language 2000:Bulgarian nationalism 1992:Further information: 1927:(standard Bulgarian: 1471:More examples of the 1311: 1303: 1108:, in the form of the 1085: 1079:(late 11th century). 1042:is one of the oldest 1037: 969:Proto-Slavic language 16:South Slavic language 11970:Eastern South Slavic 11965:Languages of Ukraine 11960:Languages of Moldova 11940:Languages of Romania 11866:World Heritage Sites 11625:Chief of the Defence 10159:Byala Slatina-Pleven 10026:Kotel-Elena-Dryanovo 9588:Vladimir I. Georgiev 9580:Пашов, Петър (1999) 8922:navy" (Nash 1989:6). 7644:– 'there are some'; 7269:Bulgarian–Macedonian 7081:Eastern South Slavic 6953:Prizren–South Morava 6883:Prizren–South Morava 6735:Western South Slavic 6307:Bulgarian vocabulary 6144:(lit. "The present 5997:family relationships 5404:– "he deserves it!". 4984:pusha, no ne tryabva 4705:The impersonal verb 4459:– 'you are coming'; 4205:(during the night), 3926:– I ask your friends 3924:pitam ti priyatelite 3922:– I ask my friends, 3920:pitam si priyatelite 3804:"we meet each other" 3691:Adverbial participle 3341:, 'I have studied'); 3288:'I will not study'); 3205:, 'I was arriving'); 2984:grammatical subjects 2022:Eastern South Slavic 1098:Balkan language area 1077:Theophylact of Ohrid 935:History of Bulgarian 887:language of Bulgaria 805:[ˈbɤɫɡɐrski] 284:Eastern South Slavic 65:"Bulgarian language" 50:improve this article 11955:Languages of Turkey 11945:Languages of Serbia 11935:Languages of Greece 11685:Economic statistics 11468:Bulgaria since 1990 11239:Pan-Slavic language 11038:Burgenland Croatian 10918:Marcho-Magdeburgian 10515:Old Church Slavonic 9728:15 May 2013 at the 9717:7 June 2013 at the 9637:(from Wiktionary's 9582:Българска граматика 9576:Граматика за всички 9490:. Sofia: Bukvitza. 9125:Българска граматика 9077:Българска граматика 8305:on 10 December 2010 8284:Victor Roudometof. 8178:Чилингиров, Стилиян 8102:. Europa web portal 7892:on 27 February 2014 7475:Macedonian language 7326:Macedonian Cyrillic 7195:Standard Macedonian 5914:izyadoh ti takovata 5867:takovah si ochilata 5859:takovah ti shapkata 5632:kakav chovek e toy? 5629:– "what person?!"; 5565:Pronouns of quality 5246:– that one, right?; 5231:shte doydesh, nali? 4990:pusha, a ne tryabva 4724:– 'I will be going' 4540:– 'I wonder who(?)' 4515:– 'the yellow one?' 4469:While the particle 4465:– 'are you coming?' 4081:(twice as/double), 3916:– I wash your hands 3912:– I wash my hands, 3861:– I say to myself, 3744:– you wash yourself 3538:(ˈpɔdobrɛ)dɐoˈtidɐ/ 3375:Past future perfect 3356:, 'I had studied'); 3269:and present tense ( 3251:and present tense ( 3065:пристигам/пристигна 3031:Finite verbal forms 2876:('these pencils'). 2861:двама/трима ученика 2855:двама/трима ученици 2359:consonant inventory 2205:Bulgarian phonology 2142:Glagolitic alphabet 2105:autonomous language 2101:dialectal continuum 2096:Macedonian language 1954:is "Ekaterinburg" ( 1137:classical languages 964:Old Church Slavonic 885:It is the official 837:Macedonian language 475:Recognised minority 313:Proto-Indo-European 11925:Analytic languages 11920:Bulgarian language 11433:Old Great Bulgaria 11325:Illič-Svityč's law 11305:Monophthongization 10813:Camaldolese Slovak 10626:Canadian Ukrainian 10492:Up to Proto-Slavic 10485:Proto-Balto-Slavic 10365:Minority languages 9971:Bulgarian language 9841:Bulgarian alphabet 9801:Bulgarian language 9624:Linguistic reports 9438:"Държавен вестник" 8522:. Promacedonia.org 8500:. Promacedonia.org 8384:on 26 October 2019 8331:on 17 October 2020 8128:on 2 February 2009 7946:Ashgate Publishing 7828:Bulgarian language 7526:je me lave/me lavo 7321:Bulgarian Cyrillic 7253:Croatian–Slovenian 6874:Šumadija–Vojvodina 6758:Standard languages 6483:Foreign borrowings 6416:) and commonplace 6148:I-gave to Maria.") 6093:Bulgarian employs 5942:- he his in her 5909:– and then he ... 5336:– "he will come"; 5128:– come on, get up! 5064:Vocative particles 5051:– "he's sleeping!" 4945:ne tova, ami onova 4686:/ˈbivɐʃɛzaˈplaʃɛn/ 4665:('I want to be'), 4659:present indicative 4394:possibly contains 4268:(in the morning), 4199:(during the day), 4087:(three times as), 3980:stanahme priyateli 3758:– you ask yourself 3397:/ʃtʲaxdɐsɐmˈutʃiɫ/ 3073:grammatical aspect 3008:Bulgarian pronouns 2849:две/три/тези легла 2843:две/три/тези книги 2461:Nominal inflection 2435:grammatical gender 2420:Nominal morphology 2343:Nikolai Trubetzkoy 2134: 2118:Bulgarian alphabet 2062:Parteniy Zografski 2026: 1326: 1306: 1296:Bulgarian dialects 1286:(19,100 in 2011). 1185:Bulgarian diaspora 1090: 1048: 1040:Codex Zographensis 1028:synthetic language 1024:synthetic language 945:Prehistoric period 688:special characters 414:Bulgarian alphabet 318:Proto-Balto-Slavic 11907: 11906: 11874: 11873: 11736: 11735: 11662: 11661: 11644:Political parties 11632:National Assembly 11586:Foreign relations 11558: 11557: 11540:Rhodope Mountains 11463:People's Republic 11377: 11376: 11370:extinct languages 11201:Solombala English 11132: 11131: 11055:Prekmurje Slovene 10968: 10967: 10748: 10747: 10602:Doukhobor Russian 10525:Glagolitic script 10434: 10433: 10349:Official language 10308: 10307: 10263: 10262: 10129: 10128: 9933: 9932: 9856:Bulgarian Braille 9556:978-0-521-63751-0 9528:978-0-415-04755-5 9168:Език и литература 9129:Bulgarian Grammar 9081:Bulgarian Grammar 9021:978-619-7404-03-6 8834:978-1-85065-534-3 8788:978-1-85065-663-0 8763:978-0-8153-4058-4 8445:. 8 February 2012 8268:Glanville Price. 8233:Scripta Bulgarica 7955:978-1-4094-7254-4 7924:978-0-19-513977-8 7836:(26th ed., 2023) 7739:978-1-85065-663-0 7501:Explanatory notes 7490:Torlakian dialect 7460:Balkan sprachbund 7451: 7450: 7416: 7415: 7281: 7280: 7202: 7201: 7190:Spoken Macedonian 7072: 7071: 7055:Prekmurje Slovene 6703:Article 1 of the 6676:of the text into 6654:Article 1 of the 6647: 6646: 6641: 6640: 6501: 6500: 6495: 6494: 6183:ate the wolves.") 6089:Bulgarian grammar 6066:(younger), or an 6058:there could be a 6023:– older brother, 5803: 5802: 5640:ne poznavam takuv 5377:neka da otidem... 5104:– you don't say!. 4806:('to not have'): 4780:Have/Don't have ( 4690:/nɛˈbivɐdɐˈpuʃiʃ/ 4568:Significant verbs 4439: 4438: 4431: 4396:original research 4316:(while running), 4235:(while running), 4166:(in the summer), 4093:(five times as). 3957:– I am going home 3897:– I cook for them 3740:– I wash myself, 3572:/dɐsɐmbiloˈtiʃɐl/ 3568:да съм бил отишъл 3292:Past future tense 2371:Bulgarian grammar 2124:Bulgarian Braille 1974:lena Yankovich" ( 1841:(or its variant, 1367:– "soft speech") 1343:– "hard speech") 852:dialect continuum 845:Balkan sprachbund 694:rendering support 681: 680: 663:rendering support 659:phonetic symbols. 532:Regulated by 437:Bulgarian Braille 433: 376:Western Bulgarian 354:Eastern Bulgarian 126: 125: 118: 100: 11987: 11887: 11747: 11746: 11703: 11673: 11672: 11569: 11568: 11505:Cities and towns 11495:Balkan Peninsula 11490:Balkan Mountains 11483: 11482: 11428:Odrysian kingdom 11404: 11397: 11390: 11381: 11380: 11271:Slavonic-Serbian 11122:Cieszyn Silesian 10993:Carpathian Rusyn 10981: 10980: 10759: 10758: 10648: 10647: 10533:Modern languages 10468:Slavic languages 10461: 10454: 10447: 10438: 10437: 10402:Working language 10335: 10328: 10321: 10312: 10311: 10147: 10146: 10143: 9991: 9990: 9987: 9960: 9953: 9946: 9937: 9936: 9794: 9787: 9780: 9771: 9770: 9686: 9601: 9559: 9541: 9532: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9500:. Archived from 9471: 9470: 9459: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9442:dv.parliament.bg 9434: 9428: 9427: 9416: 9410: 9409: 9385: 9379: 9378: 9360: 9337: 9336: 9310: 9304: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9257: 9251: 9250: 9223: 9217: 9216: 9201: 9195: 9194: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9170:(in Bulgarian). 9163: 9157: 9156: 9139: 9133: 9132: 9120: 9114: 9113: 9097: 9091: 9090: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9053: 9047: 9046: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9010:(in Bulgarian). 8999: 8993: 8992: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8951: 8940: 8931: 8925: 8924: 8902: 8896: 8895: 8885: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8818: 8812: 8799: 8793: 8792: 8774: 8768: 8767: 8747: 8741: 8735: 8729: 8721: 8715: 8712: 8706: 8705: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8662:Bernard Comrie. 8660: 8654: 8647: 8641: 8638: 8632: 8622: 8616: 8613:Balkanfilologien 8609: 8603: 8597: 8591: 8588: 8582: 8575: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8527: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8443:"Census Profile" 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8401: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8380:. Archived from 8370: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8327:. Archived from 8321: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8295: 8289: 8282: 8273: 8266: 8257: 8252:Michal Kopeček. 8250: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8225: 8219: 8218: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8174: 8168: 8161: 8155: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8091: 8085: 8084: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8013: 8007: 8006: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7866: 7859: 7850: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7825: 7819: 7816: 7810: 7802: 7792: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7769:. Archived from 7759: 7753: 7752: 7723: 7717: 7707: 7691: 7686:..." (adj.) and 7685: 7681: 7670: 7664: 7661: 7655: 7653: 7647: 7643: 7642: 7636: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7604: 7599: 7593: 7591: 7588:'How are you?' - 7587: 7583: 7579: 7571: 7565: 7558: 7552: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7541: 7535: 7529: 7528:– I wash myself. 7510: 7443: 7436: 7429: 7381:Bosnian Cyrillic 7313:Serbian Cyrillic 7294: 7293: 7215: 7214: 7085: 7084: 7029: 6972:Svrljig–Zaplanje 6902:Svrljig–Zaplanje 6784:Slavonic-Serbian 6739: 6738: 6722: 6721: 6688: 6668: 6667: 6509: 6508: 6503: 6502: 6470:Later formations 6438: 6437: 6432: 6431: 6317:Middle Bulgarian 6279: 6278: 6258: 6257: 6237: 6236: 6228: 6227: 6216: 6215: 6198: 6197: 6176: 6175: 6160:(lit. "To Maria 6157: 6156: 6141: 6140: 6121: 6120: 6105: 6104: 5941: 5932: 5922: 5916: 5908: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5877: 5869: 5861: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5830: 5814: 5792: 5778: 5762: 5748: 5733: 5719: 5707: 5686:literal meaning 5680: 5679: 5672: 5666: 5658: 5650: 5642: 5634: 5628: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5593:(some sort of); 5592: 5586: 5581:(this sort of); 5580: 5575:(what sort of); 5574: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5534: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5507:– "don't come" ( 5506: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5478: 5472: 5466: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5442: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5403: 5393: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5316: 5306: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5282: 5280:dali shte doyde? 5276: 5270: 5269: 5260: 5254: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5149: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5127: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5058: 5057: 5050: 5044: 5036: 5024: 5008: 5002: 4992: 4986: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4838: 4837: 4825: 4815: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4797:('to have') and 4796: 4793: 4792: 4774: 4770: 4757: 4749: 4748:/ˈɲamɐdɐoˈtivɐm/ 4742: 4741: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4723: 4717: 4710: 4709: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4644: 4643: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4594:for forming the 4589: 4586: 4585: 4558: 4557: 4552: 4551: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4532: 4524: 4523: 4514: 4513: 4508: 4507: 4491: 4490: 4483: 4482: 4474: 4473: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4457: 4434: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4414: 4411:inline citations 4387: 4386: 4379: 4370: 4369: 4364: 4363: 4358: 4357: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4335: 4328:(while standing) 4327: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4302: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4281: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4254: 4247:(while standing) 4246: 4245: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4179: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4134: 4125: 4124: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4100: 4092: 4091: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4043: 4039:), instead—e.g. 4038: 4037: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4013: 3930:iskam si topkata 3844:Indirect actions 3754:– I ask myself, 3713:reflexive verbal 3682:, ' read'; убива 3579:inferential mood 3573: 3570: 3569: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3525:subjunctive mood 3519: 3515: 3514: 3507:conditional mood 3501: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3414: 3398: 3394: 3393: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3381: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3331: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3131: 3123: 3115: 3114:/pottʃiˈnitɛɫno/ 3112: 3111: 3102: 3094: 3086: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3060: 2976: 2975: 2966: 2965: 2956: 2955: 2947: 2946: 2932:definite article 2875: 2874: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2816: 2810:cardinal numbers 2804: 2803: 2798: 2797: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2328: 2320: 2312: 2301: 2293: 2285: 2277: 2269: 2261: 2249: 2241: 2233: 2225: 2217: 2187:, following the 2138:Bulgarian Empire 2066:Kuzman Shapkarev 2030:Second World War 1941: 1937: 1933: 1926: 1919: 1906: 1902: 1889: 1876: 1862: 1848: 1840: 1827: 1823: 1710: 1354:) – milk, хлеб ( 1241:Western Outlands 1212:Banat Bulgarians 1179: 1125:national revival 1118:Middle Bulgarian 1073:Clement of Ohrid 1015:Modern Bulgarian 988:Middle Bulgarian 954: 868:definite article 860:Slavic languages 822:Southeast Europe 815: 814: 813: 807: 802: 798: 792: 791: 783: 777: 776: 773: 772: 769: 766: 763: 754: 753: 752: 751: 744: 741: 740: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 646: 640: 634: 612: 596: 589: 580: 579: 571: 562: 561: 553: 477:language in 427: 402: 333:Middle Bulgarian 258: 152: 140: 130: 129: 121: 114: 110: 107: 101: 99: 58: 34: 26: 11995: 11994: 11990: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11985: 11984: 11910: 11909: 11908: 11903: 11890: 11883: 11870: 11856:Public holidays 11790: 11732: 11701: 11658: 11554: 11500:Black Sea coast 11472: 11414: 11408: 11378: 11373: 11359: 11282: 11276: 11230: 11223: 11153:Bohemian Romani 11138:Mixed languages 11128: 11105:Pannonian Rusyn 11086: 11028:Banat Bulgarian 11014: 10976: 10964: 10934: 10832: 10824:Pannonian Rusyn 10744: 10687: 10669: 10637: 10597:Alaskan Russian 10572:Old Novgorodian 10565:Old East Slavic 10538: 10520:Cyrillic script 10510:Church Slavonic 10470: 10465: 10435: 10430: 10414: 10396: 10360: 10344: 10339: 10309: 10304: 10293: 10277:Banat Bulgarian 10259: 10231: 10222:Maleshevo-Pirin 10173: 10137: 10125: 10121:Serres-Nevrokop 10055: 10007: 9981: 9973: 9964: 9934: 9929: 9913: 9860: 9829: 9819:Church Slavonic 9803: 9798: 9742:Wayback Machine 9730:Wayback Machine 9719:Wayback Machine 9677: 9621: 9557: 9529: 9507: 9505: 9504:on 5 March 2016 9498: 9480: 9475: 9474: 9461: 9460: 9456: 9446: 9444: 9436: 9435: 9431: 9418: 9417: 9413: 9402: 9386: 9382: 9375: 9361: 9340: 9333: 9311: 9307: 9302: 9298: 9289: 9285: 9274: 9258: 9254: 9238: 9224: 9220: 9202: 9198: 9183: 9179: 9164: 9160: 9154: 9140: 9136: 9121: 9117: 9098: 9094: 9073: 9069: 9054: 9050: 9033: 9029: 9022: 9000: 8996: 8969: 8965: 8955: 8953: 8949: 8938: 8932: 8928: 8917: 8903: 8899: 8876: 8872: 8846: 8842: 8835: 8819: 8815: 8809:Wayback Machine 8800: 8796: 8789: 8775: 8771: 8764: 8748: 8744: 8736: 8732: 8722: 8718: 8713: 8709: 8702: 8686: 8682: 8674: 8670: 8661: 8657: 8649:James Minahan. 8648: 8644: 8639: 8635: 8623: 8619: 8610: 8606: 8598: 8594: 8589: 8585: 8576: 8572: 8564: 8560: 8550: 8548: 8540: 8539: 8535: 8525: 8523: 8518: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8476: 8462: 8458: 8448: 8446: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8426: 8424: 8420: 8419: 8415: 8407: 8403: 8402: 8398: 8387: 8385: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8356: 8354: 8353:. 31 March 2017 8349: 8348: 8344: 8334: 8332: 8323: 8322: 8318: 8308: 8306: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8283: 8276: 8267: 8260: 8251: 8247: 8237: 8235: 8227: 8226: 8222: 8200: 8199: 8193: 8189: 8175: 8171: 8162: 8158: 8145: 8141: 8131: 8129: 8120: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8092: 8088: 8075:(43): 387–393. 8061: 8057: 8014: 8010: 7967: 7963: 7956: 7936: 7932: 7925: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7880: 7879: 7875: 7864: 7857: 7852: 7851: 7847: 7837: 7826: 7822: 7804: 7803: 7793: 7786: 7776: 7774: 7761: 7760: 7756: 7746: 7740: 7724: 7720: 7708: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7683: 7671: 7667: 7662: 7658: 7637: 7633: 7613: 7609: 7600: 7596: 7572: 7568: 7559: 7555: 7536: 7532: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7447: 7418: 7417: 7401: 7385: 7369: 7317: 7291: 7283: 7282: 7243: 7212: 7204: 7203: 7186: 7185: 7170: 7136: 7091:Church Slavonic 7082: 7074: 7073: 7066: 7065: 7025: 7015: 6983: 6982: 6968: 6964:Janjevo–Letnica 6936: 6935: 6913: 6912: 6898: 6894:Janjevo–Letnica 6868:Smederevo–Vršac 6855: 6836: 6822: 6812:Younger Ikavian 6787: 6781: 6736: 6720: 6652: 6643: 6642: 6634: 6621: 6608: 6595: 6582: 6569: 6556: 6543: 6530: 6497: 6496: 6488: 6475: 6462: 6410:French language 6398:Ottoman Turkish 6353:Ottoman Turkish 6309: 6303: 6290:aches the head) 6095:clitic doubling 6091: 6085: 6075:double negative 6015:– brother, but 5963:is actually an 5952: 5882:Another use of 5567: 5546:ya da vidya, be 5537:imperative mood 5504:nedey da idvash 5440:hayde, po-barzo 5413: 5298: 5195: 5193:Modal particles 5066: 4853: 4848: 4786: 4773:/ʃtɛʃɛdaotidɛʃ/ 4769:/ʃtʲaxdɐoˈtidɐ/ 4703: 4663:/ˈiskɐmdɐˈbɤdɐ/ 4635:– 'I would hit' 4624:past passive – 4579: 4570: 4489:С нас ли идваш? 4481:Идваш ли с нас? 4444: 4435: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4400: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4322:(while lying), 4241:(while lying), 4217:(spiritually), 4003: 3943:– you like me, 3914:miya ti ratsete 3910:miya si ratsete 3725:, originally a 3711:Bulgarian uses 3709: 3707:Reflexive verbs 3611: 3409:imperative mood 3392:щях да съм учил 3383:, the particle 3326:Present perfect 3221:, 'I arrived', 3143: 3081: 3050: 3033: 3025: 3023:Bulgarian verbs 3019: 3010: 3004: 2996: 2928: 2894:and some other 2888: 2882: 2747: 2678:'grandfather', 2468: 2463: 2428: 2426:Bulgarian nouns 2422: 2373: 2367: 2321:. Reduction of 2207: 2201: 2150:Cyrillic script 2140:introduced the 2136:In 886 AD, the 2126: 2120: 2114: 2077:After 1944 the 2042:Northern Greece 2038:North Macedonia 2014: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1968:Jelena Janković 1904: 1806:hypercorrection 1708: 1422:) – milkman, хл 1298: 1292: 1249:Bulgarian Turks 1177: 1170: 1071:hagiography of 937: 931: 895:North Macedonia 864:case declension 824:, primarily in 809: 808: 800: 781: 760: 756: 747: 746: 713: 709: 703: 702: 701: 692:Without proper 661:Without proper 649: 648: 644: 642: 638: 622:53-AAA-hb < 608: 592: 585: 575: 574: 567: 557: 556: 549: 526: 525: 478: 476: 469: 453: 446:Official status 441: 403: 398: 387: 383: 368: 361: 343: 308: 301: 259: 256:Language family 254: 240: 218: 169:North Macedonia 138: 122: 111: 105: 102: 59: 57: 47: 35: 24: 21:Bulgar language 17: 12: 11: 5: 11993: 11983: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11905: 11904: 11902: 11901: 11896: 11889: 11888: 11880: 11879: 11876: 11875: 11872: 11871: 11869: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11827: 11826: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11800: 11798: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11788: 11783: 11782: 11781: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11750: 11744: 11738: 11737: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11718:Stock Exchange 11715: 11710: 11705: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11676: 11670: 11664: 11663: 11660: 11659: 11657: 11656: 11654:Prime Minister 11651: 11646: 11641: 11640: 11639: 11629: 11628: 11627: 11617: 11616: 11615: 11605: 11604: 11603: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11572: 11566: 11560: 11559: 11556: 11555: 11553: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11486: 11480: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11448:Ottoman period 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11424: 11422: 11416: 11415: 11413: articles 11407: 11406: 11399: 11392: 11384: 11375: 11374: 11364: 11361: 11360: 11358: 11357: 11352: 11350:Van Wijk's law 11347: 11345:Ruki sound law 11342: 11340:Pedersen's law 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11286: 11284: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11274: 11267: 11260: 11253: 11248: 11247: 11246: 11235: 11233: 11225: 11224: 11222: 11221: 11216: 11209: 11204: 11197: 11190: 11185: 11183:Romano-Serbian 11180: 11175: 11170: 11163: 11156: 11148: 11142: 11140: 11134: 11133: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11124: 11114: 11109: 11108: 11107: 11100:Eastern Slovak 11096: 11094: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11084: 11079: 11078: 11077: 11072: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11041: 11040: 11030: 11024: 11022: 11016: 11015: 11013: 11012: 11007: 11002: 11001: 11000: 10989: 10987: 10978: 10974:Microlanguages 10970: 10969: 10966: 10965: 10963: 10962: 10961: 10960: 10950: 10944: 10942: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10932: 10931: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10910: 10909: 10908: 10903: 10893: 10892: 10891: 10890: 10889: 10877: 10876: 10875: 10868: 10861: 10856: 10845:East Lechitic 10842: 10840: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10830: 10829: 10828: 10827: 10826: 10819:Eastern Slovak 10816: 10804: 10803: 10802: 10800:White Croatian 10797: 10792: 10785: 10778: 10776:Biblical Czech 10767: 10765: 10756: 10750: 10749: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10742: 10737: 10736: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10708:Serbo-Croatian 10705: 10697: 10695: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10685: 10679: 10677: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10667: 10662: 10656: 10654: 10645: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10635: 10634: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10613: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10605: 10604: 10599: 10584: 10577: 10576: 10575: 10561: 10560: 10559: 10548: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10536: 10529: 10528: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10507: 10495: 10488: 10480: 10478: 10472: 10471: 10464: 10463: 10456: 10449: 10441: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10428: 10422: 10420: 10419:Sign languages 10416: 10415: 10413: 10412: 10406: 10404: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10368: 10366: 10362: 10361: 10359: 10358: 10352: 10350: 10346: 10345: 10338: 10337: 10330: 10323: 10315: 10306: 10305: 10298: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10291: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10279: 10273: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10261: 10260: 10258: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10241: 10239: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10183: 10181: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10155: 10153: 10144: 10131: 10130: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10087: 10086: 10076: 10071: 10065: 10063: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10021:Central Balkan 10017: 10015: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10005: 9999: 9997: 9988: 9975: 9974: 9963: 9962: 9955: 9948: 9940: 9931: 9930: 9928: 9927: 9921: 9919: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9895: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9868: 9866: 9862: 9861: 9859: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9837: 9835: 9831: 9830: 9828: 9827: 9822: 9811: 9809: 9805: 9804: 9797: 9796: 9789: 9782: 9774: 9768: 9767: 9755: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9732: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9688: 9687: 9675: 9662: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9632: 9620: 9619:External links 9617: 9616: 9615: 9602: 9584: 9578: 9572: 9566: 9560: 9555: 9542: 9533: 9527: 9514: 9497:978-9549285864 9496: 9479: 9476: 9473: 9472: 9454: 9429: 9411: 9400: 9380: 9373: 9338: 9331: 9305: 9296: 9283: 9272: 9252: 9236: 9218: 9196: 9177: 9158: 9152: 9134: 9115: 9092: 9067: 9048: 9027: 9020: 8994: 8963: 8926: 8916:978-0691043562 8915: 8897: 8870: 8856:(2): 167–177. 8840: 8833: 8813: 8794: 8787: 8769: 8762: 8742: 8730: 8716: 8707: 8701:978-3110128550 8700: 8680: 8668: 8655: 8642: 8633: 8617: 8604: 8592: 8583: 8577:Mazon, Andre. 8570: 8558: 8533: 8511: 8489: 8474: 8456: 8434: 8413: 8396: 8378:mer.gospmr.org 8365: 8342: 8316: 8290: 8274: 8258: 8245: 8220: 8209:Chisholm, Hugh 8187: 8169: 8156: 8139: 8113: 8086: 8055: 8028:(4): 501–521. 8008: 7981:(4): 697–720. 7961: 7954: 7930: 7923: 7903: 7873: 7845: 7820: 7784: 7754: 7738: 7718: 7701: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7674:demonstratives 7665: 7656: 7631: 7607: 7594: 7566: 7553: 7530: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7470:Bulgarian name 7467: 7462: 7457: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7413: 7405: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7397:Early Cyrillic 7394: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7351: 7349: 7341: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7310: 7304: 7302: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7260: 7255: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7236: 7230: 7228: 7223: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7177: 7171: 7169: 7168: 7163: 7156: 7152: 7150: 7140: 7139: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7123: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7070: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7057: 7050: 7046: 7044: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6997: 6995: 6987: 6986: 6985: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6974: 6969: 6967: 6966: 6961: 6955: 6948: 6944: 6942: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6927: 6920: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6904: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6885: 6876: 6871: 6861: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6828: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6814: 6807: 6803: 6801: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6788: 6777: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6752: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6746:Serbo-Croatian 6737: 6734: 6733: 6730: 6729: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6701: 6700: 6690: 6689: 6678:Latin alphabet 6670: 6669: 6660:in Bulgarian: 6651: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6573: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6561: 6560: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6480: 6479: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6385: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6366: 6360: 6350: 6344: 6338: 6305:Main article: 6302: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6291: 6280: 6273: 6270: 6259: 6252: 6249: 6238: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6188: 6187: 6184: 6177: 6166: 6165: 6158: 6150: 6149: 6142: 6130: 6129: 6124:(lit. "I gave 6122: 6114: 6113: 6108:(lit. "I gave 6106: 6087:Main article: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6071: 6027:– sister, but 5993: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5925: 5924: 5910: 5880: 5879: 5871: 5863: 5823: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5801: 5800: 5793: 5782: 5779: 5771: 5770: 5763: 5752: 5749: 5741: 5740: 5734: 5723: 5720: 5712: 5711: 5708: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5675: 5674: 5660: 5656:vsyakakvi hora 5652: 5644: 5636: 5626:kakav chovek?! 5599:(no sort of); 5566: 5563: 5541: 5540: 5482: 5481: 5480: 5467:– let me see; 5446: 5445: 5444: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5355: 5317: 5284: 5264: 5263: 5262: 5252:nali nyamashe? 5247: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5164:, masculine), 5151: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5101:vyarno li, be? 5065: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5052: 5038: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4824:/ˈɲamɐˈnikoɡo/ 4821: 4785: 4782:Имам and нямам 4778: 4777: 4776: 4752: 4751: 4726: 4725: 4719: 4718:– 'I am going' 4702: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4674: 4637: 4636: 4631:conditional – 4629: 4622: 4615: 4614:– 'I have hit' 4578: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4564: 4542: 4541: 4517: 4516: 4498: 4497: 4485: 4467: 4466: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4391: 4389: 4382: 4376: 4375:Other features 4373: 4351: 4350: 4329: 4296: 4289:(last night), 4275: 4248: 4223:(in figures), 4173: 4045:(heroically), 4002: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3987: 3977: 3974:haresvam si go 3972:– I like him, 3959: 3958: 3953:– I am going, 3948: 3934: 3933: 3927: 3917: 3899: 3898: 3884: 3870: 3869:– I say to you 3846: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3830: 3829:– to get ready 3820: 3806: 3805: 3791: 3777: 3776: 3770: 3760: 3759: 3745: 3708: 3705: 3700: 3699: 3687: 3673: 3659: 3658:, ' reading'); 3649: 3639: 3629: 3610: 3607: 3500:/dɐɛbiliɡˈraɫ/ 3495:да е бил играл 3415:('to study'): 3401: 3400: 3372: 3369:/ʃtɛsɐmˈutʃiɫ/ 3360:Future perfect 3357: 3342: 3323: 3320:/ʃtʲaxdɐˈutʃɐ/ 3289: 3276:/ˈɲamɐdɐˈutʃɐ/ 3233: 3232: 3206: 3185:Past imperfect 3182: 3158:thematic vowel 3142: 3139: 3101:/poveˈlitelno/ 3093:/izʲəˈvitɛɫno/ 3085:/nəkloˈnɛnijɐ/ 3080: 3077: 3054:lexical aspect 3049: 3046: 3032: 3029: 3021:Main article: 3018: 3015: 3006:Main article: 3003: 3000: 2995: 2992: 2927: 2924: 2884:Main article: 2881: 2878: 2867:два/три молива 2746: 2743: 2612:'loveliness', 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2424:Main article: 2421: 2418: 2369:Main article: 2366: 2363: 2252:neutralisation 2203:Main article: 2200: 2197: 2185:European Union 2116:Main article: 2113: 2110: 1986:Main article: 1983: 1980: 1976:Йелена Янкович 1962:is "Saraevo" ( 1879:Serbo-Croatian 1829: 1828: 1804:). The latter 1774: 1773: 1762: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1657: 1648:) → "them" – т 1576: 1575: 1529: 1503: 1452:) vs. полени ( 1438: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1294:Main article: 1291: 1288: 1272:United Kingdom 1169: 1166: 1147:(most notably 1106:Ottoman Empire 1032: 1031: 1012: 1005:Ottoman Empire 984: 960: 933:Main article: 930: 927: 891:European Union 796:bŭlgarski ezik 790:български език 696:, you may see 684: 683: 682: 679: 678: 665:, you may see 651: 650: 643: 637: 635: 627: 626: 620: 614: 613: 606: 598: 597: 590: 582: 581: 572: 564: 563: 554: 546: 545: 544:Language codes 541: 540: 534: 528: 527: 524: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 491:Czech Republic 488: 482: 481: 479: 474: 471: 470: 468: 467: 465:European Union 462: 456: 454: 451: 448: 447: 443: 442: 440: 439: 434: 417: 406: 404: 400:Writing system 397: 394: 393: 392: 391: 378: 363: 362: 356: 349: 345: 344: 342: 341: 340: 339: 338: 337: 336: 335: 311: 309: 306: 303: 302: 300: 299: 298: 297: 296: 295: 294: 293: 292: 291: 262: 260: 253: 250: 249: 234: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 217: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 160: 158: 157:Native to 154: 153: 146: 142: 141: 139:български език 135: 134: 124: 123: 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11992: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11891: 11886: 11882: 11881: 11877: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11825: 11822: 11821: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11801: 11799: 11797: 11793: 11787: 11784: 11780: 11777: 11776: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11751: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11739: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11708:National bank 11706: 11704: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11677: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11665: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11638: 11635: 11634: 11633: 11630: 11626: 11623: 11622: 11621: 11618: 11614: 11611: 11610: 11609: 11606: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11573: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11561: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11487: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11475: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11417: 11412: 11405: 11400: 11398: 11393: 11391: 11386: 11385: 11382: 11371: 11367: 11362: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11335:Meillet's law 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11279: 11273: 11272: 11268: 11266: 11265: 11261: 11259: 11258: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11245: 11242: 11241: 11240: 11237: 11236: 11234: 11232: 11226: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11214: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11202: 11198: 11196: 11195: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11168: 11164: 11162: 11161: 11157: 11155: 11154: 11151:20th century 11149: 11147: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11139: 11135: 11123: 11120: 11119: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11106: 11103: 11102: 11101: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11093: 11089: 11083: 11080: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11070:Slavomolisano 11068: 11067: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11039: 11036: 11035: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11017: 11011: 11010:West Polesian 11008: 11006: 11003: 10999: 10996: 10995: 10994: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10986: 10982: 10979: 10975: 10971: 10959: 10956: 10955: 10954: 10953:Lower Sorbian 10951: 10949: 10948:Upper Sorbian 10946: 10945: 10943: 10941: 10937: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10914: 10913:West Lechitic 10911: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10898: 10897: 10894: 10888: 10887: 10883: 10882: 10881: 10878: 10874: 10873: 10872:Middle Polish 10869: 10867: 10866: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10851: 10850: 10847: 10846: 10844: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10835: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10814: 10810: 10809: 10808: 10805: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10790: 10786: 10784: 10783: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10773: 10772: 10769: 10768: 10766: 10764: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10751: 10741: 10738: 10734: 10733:Slavomolisano 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10710: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10703: 10702:Alpine Slavic 10699: 10698: 10696: 10694: 10690: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10676: 10672: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10640: 10632: 10631:Simple speech 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10594: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10582: 10578: 10574: 10573: 10569: 10568: 10567: 10566: 10562: 10558: 10557:Simple speech 10555: 10554: 10553: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10545: 10541: 10535: 10534: 10530: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10512: 10511: 10508: 10505: 10501: 10500: 10496: 10494: 10493: 10489: 10487: 10486: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10477: 10473: 10469: 10462: 10457: 10455: 10450: 10448: 10443: 10442: 10439: 10427: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10417: 10411: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10399: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10363: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10336: 10331: 10329: 10324: 10322: 10317: 10316: 10313: 10302: 10296: 10289: 10286: 10284:Transylvanian 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10274: 10272: 10270: 10266: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10234: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10184: 10182: 10180: 10176: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10148: 10145: 10141: 10136: 10132: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10085: 10082: 10081: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10058: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10031:Panagyurishte 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10014: 10010: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9998: 9996: 9992: 9989: 9985: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9968: 9961: 9956: 9954: 9949: 9947: 9942: 9941: 9938: 9926: 9923: 9922: 9920: 9916: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9874: 9873: 9870: 9869: 9867: 9863: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9832: 9826: 9823: 9820: 9816: 9813: 9812: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9795: 9790: 9788: 9783: 9781: 9776: 9775: 9772: 9765: 9762: 9761: 9760: 9759: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9739: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9727: 9724: 9723:SA Dictionary 9720: 9716: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9694: 9693: 9692: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9663: 9660: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9640: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9626: 9625: 9614: 9610: 9606: 9603: 9599: 9598: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9583: 9579: 9577: 9573: 9571: 9567: 9565: 9561: 9558: 9552: 9548: 9543: 9539: 9534: 9530: 9524: 9521:. Routledge. 9520: 9515: 9503: 9499: 9493: 9489: 9488: 9482: 9481: 9468: 9464: 9458: 9443: 9439: 9433: 9425: 9421: 9415: 9408: 9403: 9401:9781136861444 9397: 9393: 9392: 9384: 9376: 9374:9781136861444 9370: 9366: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9334: 9332:9789027283986 9328: 9324: 9320: 9316: 9309: 9300: 9287: 9280: 9275: 9273:0-521-63751-1 9269: 9265: 9264: 9256: 9249: 9246: 9239: 9237:0-89357-264-0 9233: 9229: 9222: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9200: 9192: 9188: 9181: 9173: 9169: 9162: 9155: 9153:0-520-01535-5 9149: 9145: 9138: 9130: 9126: 9119: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9096: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9078: 9071: 9063: 9059: 9052: 9045: 9040: 9039: 9031: 9023: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9005: 8998: 8990: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8967: 8948: 8944: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8918: 8912: 8908: 8901: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8883: 8874: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8844: 8836: 8830: 8826: 8825: 8817: 8810: 8806: 8803: 8798: 8790: 8784: 8780: 8773: 8765: 8759: 8755: 8754: 8746: 8740: 8734: 8727: 8720: 8711: 8703: 8697: 8693: 8692: 8684: 8677: 8672: 8665: 8659: 8652: 8646: 8637: 8630: 8626: 8621: 8614: 8611:K. Sandfeld, 8608: 8601: 8596: 8587: 8580: 8574: 8567: 8562: 8547: 8543: 8537: 8521: 8515: 8499: 8493: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8475:954-90344-1-0 8471: 8467: 8460: 8444: 8438: 8423: 8417: 8406: 8400: 8383: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8352: 8346: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8304: 8300: 8294: 8287: 8281: 8279: 8271: 8265: 8263: 8255: 8249: 8234: 8230: 8224: 8216: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8191: 8184:. p. 60. 8183: 8179: 8173: 8166: 8160: 8153: 8152:9781498586085 8149: 8143: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8090: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8059: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8012: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7965: 7957: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7942: 7934: 7926: 7920: 7916: 7915: 7907: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7855: 7849: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7814: 7808: 7800: 7799: 7791: 7789: 7773:on 4 May 2008 7772: 7768: 7764: 7758: 7751: 7750: 7741: 7735: 7731: 7730: 7722: 7716: 7715:0-691-04356-6 7712: 7706: 7702: 7689: 7680: 7675: 7669: 7660: 7652: 7635: 7611: 7598: 7576: 7570: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7534: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7505: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7452: 7444: 7439: 7437: 7432: 7430: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7421: 7411: 7407: 7406: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7295: 7287: 7286: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7208: 7207: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7141: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7096: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7078: 7077: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7030: 7028: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6988: 6978: 6977:Timok–Lužnica 6975: 6973: 6970: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6915: 6908: 6907:Timok–Lužnica 6905: 6903: 6900: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6880: 6879:Prizren–Timok 6877: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6865: 6864:Kosovo–Resava 6862: 6860: 6857: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6785: 6780: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6743: 6742: 6741: 6740: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6687: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6675: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6631: 6627: 6618: 6614: 6605: 6601: 6592: 6588: 6579: 6575: 6566: 6562: 6553: 6549: 6540: 6536: 6527: 6523: 6518: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6504: 6485: 6481: 6472: 6468: 6459: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6423:globalization 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6394: 6390: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6308: 6298: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6264: 6261:(lit. "To us 6260: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240:(lit. "To me 6239: 6232: 6231: 6230: 6218: 6211: 6210: 6209: 6203: 6200: 6193: 6192: 6191: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6171: 6170: 6169: 6163: 6159: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6127: 6123: 6116: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6090: 6076: 6072: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5989: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5973: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5950:Miscellaneous 5947: 5940: 5936: 5935: 5934: 5931: 5921: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5898: 5892: 5886: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5783: 5781:some sort of 5780: 5777: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5724: 5722:this sort of 5721: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5671: 5665: 5664:kakav iskash? 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5648:nyakakvi hora 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5573: 5562: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5493: 5483: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5447: 5441: 5436: 5435: 5432: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5402: 5397: 5396:schadenfreude 5392: 5388: 5387: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5356: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5318: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5304:nima iskash?! 5295: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5218: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5199:interrogative 5186: 5180: 5174: 5162: 5152: 5148: 5142: 5132: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5082: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5053: 5049: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4925: 4913: 4901: 4889: 4877: 4865: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4822: 4819: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4783: 4767: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4762: 4746: 4745: 4744: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4712: 4700: 4675: 4667:/ʃtɛˈbɤdɐtuk/ 4660: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4630: 4628:– 'I was hit' 4626:/bʲaxoˈdarɛn/ 4623: 4616: 4610:past tense – 4609: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4576: 4562: 4550:Кой беше там? 4547: 4546: 4545: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4495: 4486: 4478: 4477: 4476: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4433: 4430: 4422: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4392:This section 4390: 4381: 4380: 4372: 4368:съвсем-съвсем 4330: 4297: 4276: 4249: 4187:(furtively), 4174: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4094: 4008: 3995: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3961:The particle 3956: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3763: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3704: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668:, 'read'; уби 3667: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3564: 3560: 3551:да бях отишъл 3547: 3543: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3508: 3503: 3466: 3454: 3433: 3421: 3410: 3405: 3376: 3373: 3361: 3358: 3346: 3343: 3327: 3324: 3293: 3290: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3219:/priˈstiɡnɐx/ 3210: 3207: 3203:/priˈstiɡnɛx/ 3186: 3183: 3159: 3155: 3154:Present tense 3152: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3138: 3135: 3130:/prɛˈiskɐzno/ 3127: 3119: 3106: 3099:(повелително 3098: 3091:(изявително, 3090: 3076: 3074: 3069: 3055: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3009: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2985: 2980: 2973: 2960: 2954: 2942:(indefinite: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2877: 2831:два/три стола 2827: 2811: 2806: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2691: 2566: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2414:interjections 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2330: 2326: 2318: 2310: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2283: 2275: 2267: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2239: 2231: 2223: 2215: 2206: 2196: 2194: 2193:Greek scripts 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2130: 2125: 2119: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2040:and parts of 2039: 2035: 2031: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1952:Yekaterinburg 1949: 1946:is "Eltsin" ( 1945: 1944:Boris Yeltsin 1930: 1923: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1903:"there is not 1899: 1898: 1893: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1873: 1871: 1866: 1859: 1857: 1852: 1844: 1837: 1834: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1742: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1726: 1724: 1718: 1716: 1706: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1682: 1680: 1674: 1672: 1666: 1664: 1659:"their(s)" – 1658: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1608: 1606: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1551: 1545: 1543: 1537: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1502:(milky), etc. 1501: 1499: 1493: 1491: 1485: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1433: 1431: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1302: 1297: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1280:United States 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1253:Big Excursion 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1175: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149:Neofit Rilski 1146: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 989: 985: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 965: 961: 958: 950: 946: 942: 941: 940: 936: 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 850: 846: 842: 838: 833: 831: 827: 823: 819: 812: 806: 797: 786: 785: 775: 750: 743: 707: 699: 695: 691: 689: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 658: 652: 633: 628: 625: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 605: 604: 599: 595: 591: 588: 583: 578: 573: 570: 565: 560: 555: 552: 547: 542: 538: 535: 533: 529: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 483: 480: 472: 466: 463: 461: 458: 457: 455: 449: 444: 438: 435: 431: 425: 421: 418: 415: 411: 408: 407: 405: 401: 395: 390: 386: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 372: 371: 367: 360: 357: 355: 352: 351: 350: 346: 334: 331: 330: 329: 328:Old Bulgarian 326: 325: 324: 321: 320: 319: 316: 315: 314: 310: 304: 290: 287: 286: 285: 282: 281: 280: 277: 276: 275: 272: 271: 270: 267: 266: 265: 264:Indo-European 261: 257: 251: 247: 243: 238: 235: 231: 228: 225: 221: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 145:Pronunciation 143: 136: 131: 128: 120: 117: 109: 98: 95: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: – 66: 62: 61:Find sources: 55: 51: 45: 44: 39:This article 37: 33: 28: 27: 22: 11840: 11814:Coat of arms 11779:Demographics 11620:Armed Forces 11596:Human rights 11576:Constitution 11453:Principality 11365: 11355:Winter's law 11315:Havlík's law 11269: 11262: 11255: 11211: 11199: 11192: 11167:Mednyj Aleut 11165: 11158: 11150: 11020:South Slavic 10977:and dialects 10884: 10870: 10863: 10811: 10787: 10782:Czechoslovak 10780: 10763:Czech-Slovak 10700: 10675:Transitional 10659: 10643:South Slavic 10579: 10570: 10563: 10531: 10499:Proto-Slavic 10497: 10490: 10483: 10355: 10255:Belogradchik 10237:Transitional 10227:Solun-Kukush 10179:Southwestern 10151:Northwestern 9970: 9865:Major topics 9800: 9757: 9756: 9691:Dictionaries 9690: 9689: 9682: 9623: 9622: 9595: 9591: 9581: 9575: 9569: 9563: 9546: 9537: 9518: 9506:. Retrieved 9502:the original 9486: 9478:Bibliography 9466: 9457: 9445:. Retrieved 9441: 9432: 9423: 9414: 9405: 9390: 9383: 9364: 9322: 9318: 9308: 9299: 9286: 9277: 9262: 9255: 9241: 9227: 9221: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9199: 9190: 9186: 9180: 9171: 9167: 9161: 9143: 9137: 9128: 9124: 9118: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9095: 9085: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9070: 9061: 9057: 9051: 9042: 9037: 9030: 9011: 9007: 8997: 8980: 8976: 8966: 8954:. Retrieved 8942: 8929: 8920: 8906: 8900: 8891: 8882:Dialectology 8881: 8873: 8865: 8853: 8849: 8843: 8823: 8816: 8797: 8778: 8772: 8752: 8745: 8739:. стр. 7-10. 8733: 8719: 8710: 8690: 8683: 8671: 8663: 8658: 8650: 8645: 8636: 8628: 8620: 8612: 8607: 8599: 8595: 8586: 8578: 8573: 8561: 8549:. Retrieved 8546:rechnik.info 8545: 8536: 8524:. Retrieved 8514: 8502:. Retrieved 8492: 8465: 8459: 8447:. Retrieved 8437: 8425:. Retrieved 8416: 8399: 8386:. Retrieved 8382:the original 8377: 8368: 8355:. Retrieved 8345: 8333:. Retrieved 8329:the original 8319: 8307:. Retrieved 8303:the original 8293: 8285: 8269: 8253: 8248: 8236:. Retrieved 8232: 8223: 8212: 8198:"Bulgaria § 8190: 8181: 8172: 8159: 8142: 8130:. Retrieved 8126:the original 8116: 8104:. Retrieved 8099: 8089: 8072: 8068: 8058: 8025: 8021: 8011: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7940: 7933: 7913: 7906: 7894:. Retrieved 7890:the original 7885: 7876: 7868: 7848: 7831: 7823: 7797: 7775:. Retrieved 7771:the original 7766: 7757: 7747: 7743: 7728: 7721: 7705: 7687: 7668: 7659: 7634: 7610: 7597: 7574: 7569: 7561: 7556: 7533: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7508: 7346: 7299: 7268: 7252: 7220: 7166:Southeastern 7145: 7107: 7106: 7039: 7024: 6992: 6796: 6757: 6744: 6728:and dialects 6711: 6707:in English: 6704: 6702: 6691: 6674:romanization 6671: 6655: 6653: 6456:Proto-Slavic 6386: 6321: 6310: 6296: 6287: 6283: 6269:it-is warm") 6267:to you-plur. 6266: 6262: 6245: 6241: 6222: 6207: 6189: 6180: 6167: 6161: 6145: 6131: 6125: 6109: 6092: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5985:glottal stop 5980: 5977:dental click 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5945: 5926: 5881: 5833: 5824: 5804: 5796: 5790:nikakva kola 5787: 5786:edna takava 5766: 5757: 5756:edna takava 5737: 5728: 5676: 5619: 5568: 5555:(come on!); 5542: 5414: 5354:– "to wish". 5309:interjection 5301:..." – e.g. 5237:nali iskaha? 5223:n'est-ce pas 5201:or slightly 5196: 5095:taka li, be? 5089:kazhi mi, be 5067: 5048:ama toy spi! 5027: 5019: 5014: 5010: 4994: 4980: 4935: 4854: 4817: 4787: 4781: 4759: 4753: 4727: 4722:/ʃtɛoˈtivɐm/ 4704: 4698: 4673:('be here'); 4638: 4633:/bixoˈdaril/ 4621:– 'I am hit' 4619:/oˈdarɛnsɐm/ 4612:/oˈdariɫsɐm/ 4580: 4574: 4560: 4543: 4518: 4499: 4493: 4468: 4447: 4445: 4425: 4419:October 2015 4416: 4393: 4352: 4160:(tomorrow), 4095: 4069:(secondly), 4004: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3960: 3954: 3950: 3945:haresvash mi 3944: 3941:haresvash me 3940: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3900: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3815:– to drive, 3812: 3807: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3775:– you ask me 3772: 3769:– I wash you 3766: 3761: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3721: 3720: 3710: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3621: 3612: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3562: 3558: 3545: 3541: 3522: 3504: 3464: 3452: 3431: 3419: 3406: 3402: 3374: 3359: 3354:/bʲaxˈutʃiɫ/ 3345:Past perfect 3344: 3325: 3291: 3286:/nɛʃtɛˈutʃɐ/ 3240:Future tense 3239: 3234: 3231:, 'I read'); 3208: 3194:/priˈstiɡɐx/ 3184: 3179:/priˈstigɐm/ 3153: 3148: 3144: 3128:(преизказно 3110:подчинително 3082: 3070: 3051: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3026: 3011: 2997: 2988: 2978: 2971: 2958: 2952: 2929: 2889: 2837:тези столове 2807: 2748: 2692: 2621:'sickness', 2603:'vileness', 2527:'daughter', 2479: 2475: 2471: 2469: 2451:definiteness 2429: 2413: 2409: 2406:conjunctions 2405: 2402:prepositions 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2347: 2339: 2331: 2304: 2208: 2178: 2166:Marin Drinov 2162: 2135: 2076: 2069: 2058:Marin Drinov 2054:pluricentric 2049: 2045: 2027: 1971: 1956:Екатеринбург 1928: 1921: 1913: 1911: 1896: 1894: 1882: 1881: 1869: 1867: 1855: 1853: 1842: 1835: 1830: 1813: 1810:svrah-yakane 1809: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1765: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1730: 1728: 1722: 1720: 1714: 1712: 1707:→ "the whole 1702: 1700: 1686: 1684: 1678: 1676: 1670: 1668: 1662: 1660: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1634: 1628: 1612: 1610: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1577: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1547: 1541: 1539: 1533: 1531: 1523: 1521: 1515: 1513: 1507: 1505: 1497: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1481: 1479: 1472: 1470: 1461: 1460:) vs. жеби ( 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1371: 1364: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1340: 1330:Proto-Slavic 1327: 1321: 1317: 1257: 1220: 1209: 1205:Transnistria 1182: 1171: 1153:Ivan Bogorov 1141: 1122: 1091: 1050: 1049: 1014: 986: 983:into Slavic. 962: 944: 938: 884: 876:Proto-Slavic 849:South Slavic 834: 705: 704: 685: 654: 618:Linguasphere 601: 416:, since 893) 389:Transitional 385:Southwestern 381:Northwestern 375: 364: 353: 323:Proto-Slavic 288: 279:South Slavic 269:Balto-Slavic 127: 112: 103: 93: 86: 79: 72: 60: 48:Please help 43:verification 40: 11680:Agriculture 11637:Chairperson 11613:enforcement 11545:Sredna Gora 11510:Earthquakes 11330:Ivšić's law 11257:Army Slavic 11244:Interslavic 11229:Constructed 11092:West Slavic 10985:East Slavic 10754:West Slavic 10723:Montenegrin 10544:East Slavic 10287:Former USSR 10138: [ 9982: [ 9892:conjugation 9613:Elias Riggs 9508:9 September 8551:28 November 8238:17 November 8229:"дамаскини" 7331:Montenegrin 7308:Gaj's Latin 6773:Montenegrin 6650:Sample text 6355:(including 6282:(lit. Ivan 6226:играе ми се 6062:(older), a 5840:(neuter of 5751:no sort of 5464:ya da vidya 5443:– "faster!" 5417:cohortative 5125:stavay, de! 4814:/imɐˈvrɛmɛ/ 4604:conditional 4512:Жълтият ли? 4356:бавно-бавно 4295:(yesterday) 4283:(tonight), 4274:(in winter) 4262:(tonight), 4181:(quietly), 4172:(in winter) 4120:(outside), 4063:(firstly), 3970:haresvam go 3835:– to dare, 3825:– to cook, 3798:vizhdame se 3648:, ' read'); 3615:participles 3518:/bixˈutʃiɫ/ 3490:/dɐɛiɡˈraɫ/ 3448:'to play': 3365:ще съм учил 3339:/sɤmˈutʃiɫ/ 3272:няма да уча 3209:Past aorist 3126:inferential 3118:conditional 3105:subjunctive 3059:идвам/дойда 2964:добър човек 2873:тези моливи 2657:'evening', 2525:/dɐʃtɛrˈja/ 1948:Борис Елцин 1918:/piʃuvaɲʲɛ/ 1820:Shift from 1494:(milkman); 1386:) – e.g. мл 1376:front vowel 1370:the former 1346:the former 1341:tvurd govor 1255:" of 1989. 1094:case system 1056:Saint Cyril 1044:manuscripts 669:instead of 307:Early forms 11914:Categories 11846:Literature 11702:(currency) 11591:Government 11320:Hirt's law 11310:Dybo's law 11281:Historical 11194:Russenorsk 11173:Ponaschemu 11065:Shtokavian 11005:Podlachian 10906:Slovincian 10896:Pomeranian 10865:Old Polish 10665:Macedonian 10552:Belarusian 10301:Macedonian 10281:Wallachian 10217:Kyustendil 10202:Elin Pelin 9925:Literature 9918:Literature 9904:Vocabulary 8449:27 October 8427:18 October 8388:16 October 8357:16 October 8335:15 October 8309:27 October 8132:12 October 8106:2 February 7833:Ethnologue 7697:References 7392:Glagolitic 7355:Bohoričica 7347:Historical 7147:Macedonian 7132:Meshterski 6925:Burgenland 6859:Zeta–Raška 6805:Shtokavian 6301:Vocabulary 5875:takovah se 5558:nedey, de! 5552:hayde, de! 5516:nedey idva 5495:) (plural 5371:neka doyde 5339:dano doyde 5333:shte doyde 5243:nali onzi? 5203:imperative 5034:da, ama ne 4788:The verbs 4671:/bɤˈdituk/ 4617:passive – 4556:Кой ли не! 4534:– 'Who?'; 4509:– 'him?'; 4403:improve it 4307:слепешката 4114:(inside), 4054:майсторски 4007:productive 3891:gotvyat si 3863:kazvash si 3839:– to laugh 3736:– I wash, 3529:infinitive 3485:да е играл 3470:/iɡˈrajtɛ/ 3315:щях да уча 3258:/ʃtɛˈutʃɐ/ 3214:пристигнах 3199:пристигнех 3122:/oˈsɫɔvno/ 3120:(условно, 3097:imperative 3089:indicative 2908:accusative 2904:nominative 2715:/ˈbɔlɛsti/ 2672:'father', 2610:/ˈprɛlɛst/ 2594:'wisdom', 2592:/ˈmɤdrost/ 2561:/tsuˈnami/ 2432:categories 2382:adjectives 2122:See also: 2091:Macedonian 2071:Makedoniya 2024:languages. 1998:See also: 1909:Macedonian 1861:/ˈmɛdvjɛt/ 1699:"whole" – 1640:"they" – т 1580:Old Slavic 1564:small yus 1538:(holy) → 1486:(milk) → 1358:) – bread. 1229:in Albania 1193:Bessarabia 1020:vernacular 880:evidential 872:infinitive 830:Bulgarians 820:spoken in 801:pronounced 227:Bulgarians 106:April 2019 76:newspapers 11769:Languages 11759:Education 11728:Transport 11649:President 11581:Elections 11520:Provinces 11478:Geography 11368:indicate 11283:phonology 11231:languages 11219:Trasianka 11045:Kajkavian 11033:Chakavian 10958:Schleifer 10901:Kashubian 10683:Torlakian 10660:Bulgarian 10616:Ukrainian 10581:Ruthenian 10356:Bulgarian 10290:Anatolian 10187:Botevgrad 10164:Vidin-Lom 10106:Zlatograd 10101:Paulician 10069:Strandzha 10051:Subbalkan 9899:Phonology 9766:, UniLang 9657:from the 9424:ohchr.org 8943:europe.eu 8081:1308-8041 8069:Turan-Sam 8050:153761516 8042:1468-3857 7995:0032-3195 7818:million). 7807:cite book 7672:Like the 7592:'I'm OK'. 7537:The word 7408:Includes 7365:Metelčica 7290:Alphabets 7258:Kajkavian 7234:Torlakian 7180:Torlakian 7127:Torlakian 7108:Bulgarian 7006:Ijekavian 6946:Torlakian 6940:Kajkavian 6918:Chakavian 6840:Dubrovnik 6826:Slavonian 6068:ubavenkyo 6033:badzhanak 5767:worthless 5736:this car 5705:edna kola 5689:sentence 5602:vsyakakav 5527:preterite 4995:judgement 4954:), while 4735:/ˈɲamɐdɐ/ 4716:/oˈtivɐm/ 4592:auxiliary 4581:The verb 4462:Идваш ли? 4442:Questions 4407:verifying 4362:едва-едва 4343:(twice), 4325:стоешката 4319:лежешката 4313:тичешката 4256:(today), 4190:слепешком 4142:(badly), 4108:(there), 4005:The most 3994:mislya si 3955:otivam si 3895:gotvya im 3887:gotvya si 3867:kazvam ti 3859:kazvam si 3827:gotvya se 3796:– I see, 3788:kazvam se 3786:– I say, 3773:pitash me 3756:pitash se 3750:– I ask, 3480:daiɡˈrae/ 3446:/ˈiɡrajɐ/ 3437:/oˈtʃɛtɛ/ 3281:не ще уча 3267:/ˈɲamɐdɐ/ 3229:/ˈtʃɛtox/ 3190:пристигах 3174:пристигам 2708:'facts', 2655:/ˈvɛtʃɛr/ 2639:'blood', 2628:/ljuˈbɔf/ 2619:/ˈbɔlɛst/ 2601:/ˈnizost/ 2576:'taboo', 2545:'child', 2534:/ˈulitsɐ/ 2518:'woman', 2472:masculine 2410:particles 2199:Phonology 2179:With the 2046:bolgárski 2020:Areas of 1925:/oˈraɲʲɛ/ 1892:Ukrainian 1735:(neut.); 1719:(masc.); 1683:(neut.); 1667:(masc.); 1562:but from 1546:(saint); 1512:(sit) → 1468:region). 1365:mek govor 1237:In Serbia 1233:in Greece 1227:dialects 1207:in 2016. 1060:Macedonia 1051:Bulgarian 1007:. Sultan 706:Bulgarian 603:Glottolog 587:ISO 639-3 569:ISO 639-2 551:ISO 639-1 289:Bulgarian 223:Ethnicity 150:bŭlgarski 133:Bulgarian 11894:Category 11841:Language 11786:Religion 11695:Industry 11564:Politics 11550:Villages 11411:Bulgaria 11264:Iazychie 11188:Runglish 11146:Balachka 11117:Silesian 11075:Bunjevac 10923:Polabian 10880:Silesian 10859:dialects 10854:Masurian 10838:Lechitic 10795:Moravian 10718:Croatian 10621:dialects 10592:dialects 10269:Diaspora 10212:Dupnitsa 10074:Thracian 9967:Dialects 9909:Dialects 9882:pronouns 9834:Alphabet 9738:Archived 9726:Archived 9715:Archived 9661:project. 9447:27 April 9014:: 7–12. 8977:Language 8956:3 August 8947:Archived 8805:Archived 8526:17 April 8504:17 April 8484:48368312 8180:(2006). 8003:25655744 7862:Archived 7777:23 April 7629:('that') 7605:is used. 7603:/ˈiskɐm/ 7590:/ˈbivɐm/ 7586:/ˈkaksi/ 7360:Dajnčica 7175:Northern 7154:Dialects 7114:Dialects 7048:Dialects 6818:Bunjevac 6798:Dialects 6768:Croatian 6718:See also 6324:Thracian 6064:draginko 5920:takovata 5897:takovata 5891:takovata 5788:nyakakva 5776:nyakakva 5731:kola ... 5670:nikakav! 5590:nyakakav 5401:neka mu! 4804:/ˈɲamɐm/ 4761:irrealis 4743:below): 4682:/ˈbivɐm/ 4602:and the 4537:Кой ли?! 4349:(thrice) 4337:(once), 4304:(hard), 4301:здравата 4280:довечера 4244:стоешком 4238:лежешком 4232:тичешком 4136:(well), 4102:(here), 4021:(hard), 4015:(fast), 3837:smeya se 3817:karam se 3752:pitam se 3742:miesh se 3559:possible 3546:possible 3534:да отида 3513:бих учил 3475:да играе 3458:/iɡˈraj/ 3350:бях учил 3335:съм учил 3134:gramemes 3062:"come", 3041:compound 3002:Pronouns 2940:Romanian 2920:vocative 2916:vocative 2902:), with 2896:pronouns 2892:personal 2751:singular 2730:/ɛzɛˈra/ 2706:/ˈfakti/ 2648:'bone', 2583:/mɛˈnju/ 2552:/ˈɛzɛro/ 2491:'city', 2476:feminine 2447:vocative 2390:pronouns 2386:numerals 2254:between 2158:Bulgaria 2112:Alphabet 2081:and the 2050:bugárski 1960:Sarajevo 1932:/oˈranɛ/ 1901:/nemájɛ/ 1890:"deer", 1877:"five", 1875:/pʲɛ̃tɕ/ 1863:"bear", 1816:-ing"). 1727:(fem.); 1675:(fem.); 1591:dvoyno e 1583:Cyrillic 1552:tìlishte 1526:dàlishte 1520:(seat); 1290:Dialects 1174:Bulgaria 1161:standard 1114:damaskin 1087:Cyrillic 1001:Moldavia 997:Walachia 826:Bulgaria 816:) is an 675:Help:IPA 624:53-AAA-h 610:bulg1262 460:Bulgaria 410:Cyrillic 348:Dialects 233:Speakers 164:Bulgaria 11885:Outline 11831:Customs 11819:Cuisine 11796:Culture 11742:Society 11723:Tourism 11668:Economy 11515:Islands 11458:Tsardom 11420:History 11366:Italics 11251:Lydnevi 11207:Surzhyk 10940:Sorbian 10789:Knaanic 10740:Slovene 10728:Serbian 10713:Bosnian 10693:Western 10652:Eastern 10587:Russian 10476:History 10410:Russian 10387:Turkish 10382:Serbian 10377:Russian 10250:Breznik 10207:Samokov 10197:Ihtiman 10135:Western 10096:Chepino 10079:Smolyan 10041:Teteven 9995:Moesian 9979:Eastern 9969:of the 9872:Grammar 9851:Reforms 9808:History 9758:Courses 9669:Unicode 9659:PHOIBLE 8211:(ed.). 8204:" 8154:, p. 1. 7896:16 June 7767:Omda.bg 7646:/ˈɲamɐ/ 7582:/ˈbivɐ/ 7578:/ˈkakɛ/ 7376:Arebica 7336:Slovene 7161:Western 7041:Slovene 7011:Ikavian 7001:Ekavian 6993:Accents 6779:Serbian 6763:Bosnian 6633: 6620: 6616:English 6607: 6594: 6590:Italian 6581: 6577:Russian 6568: 6555: 6542: 6529: 6487: 6474: 6461: 6427:purists 6418:English 6414:science 6406:Ottoman 6381:English 6369:Italian 6363:Russian 6040:bacanak 6037:Turkish 5797:sort of 5758:nikakva 5746:nikakva 5614:ednakuv 5608:kakavto 5596:nikakav 5498:nedèyte 5015:wanting 4915:) (and 4903:), and 4795:/ˈimɐm/ 4756:/ʃtʲax/ 4731:няма да 4661:– e.g. 4655:/ˈbɤdɐ/ 4645:exist: 4600:passive 4596:perfect 4563:there') 4506:Той ли? 4401:Please 4184:скришом 4090:петорно 4024:странно 4001:Adverbs 3873:peya si 3794:vizhdam 3767:miya te 3738:miya se 3603:perfect 3563:did not 3439:, pl.; 3427:, sg., 3425:/oˈtʃi/ 3413:/ˈutʃɐ/ 3263:няма да 2815:няколко 2711:болести 2606:прелест 2588:мъдрост 2574:/tɐˈbu/ 2565:tsunami 2543:/dɛˈtɛ/ 2516:/ʒɛˈna/ 2500:'son', 2398:adverbs 2365:Grammar 1964:Сараево 1942:– e.g. 1922:ора̀н’е 1888:/jělen/ 1833:iotated 1812:≈"over- 1802:vidyali 1743:(plur.) 1691:(plur.) 1585:letter 1574:umlaut) 1450:polyana 1260:Germany 1201:Moldova 1197:Ukraine 1133:Russian 1102:Turkish 1009:Selim I 929:History 919:Albania 915:Hungary 911:Romania 903:Moldova 899:Ukraine 854:of the 780:bu(u)l- 671:Unicode 521:Ukraine 506:Romania 501:Moldova 496:Hungary 486:Albania 370:Moesian 204:Albania 189:Hungary 184:Romania 179:Moldova 174:Ukraine 90:scholar 11899:Portal 11861:Sports 11836:Dances 11809:Cinema 11774:People 11764:Health 11690:Energy 11535:Rivers 11178:Quelia 11060:Resian 10849:Polish 10807:Slovak 10504:Accent 10372:Romani 10192:Vratsa 10116:Razlog 10111:Babyak 10091:Hvoyna 10046:Erkech 10036:Pirdop 10013:Balkan 10003:Shumen 9553: 9525: 9494: 9467:un.org 9398: 9371: 9329: 9325:: 29. 9270: 9234: 9174:: 492. 9150: 9018: 8989:410535 8987: 8913: 8831: 8785: 8760: 8728:p. 443 8698: 8482: 8472: 8150: 8079: 8048: 8040: 8001: 7993: 7952: 7921: 7736: 7713: 7684: 7575:Kak e? 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