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and neurotic” patients. Arnold analyzed the test using five subheadings: parent-child situations, heterosexual situations, same-sex situations, singles, and miscellaneous. Each subheading has corresponding scenarios (stories) to compare the patient's responses. The comparisons are used to determine a dominant conflict, and necessary level of treatment.
81:) to Rudolph Barta and Rosa Marie Blondiau. She married Robert Arnold and moved to Prague. She sat-in on psychology classes at Charles University where she was employed as a secretary. In 1928, the Arnold's left Czechoslovakia and immigrated to Canada. Arnold had three children: Joan, Margaret, and Katherine. Robert and Magda separated in 1939.
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Emotional attitude is the imbalance of emotions, which influences appraisal. Constancy of appraisal is the lasting impression on whether the stimuli is good or bad. Arnold explains emotion functions as organized and disorganized. Emotions organize a person's relationship with the world, however emotions can interrupt goal-directed behavior.
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Post-schooling led Arnold to accept the position of
Director of Research and Training for the Canadian Veteran Affairs Department. It was there she developed a system to analyze the Thematic Apperception Test. The system was different than previous measures because it could be used for both “normal
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Arnold worked tirelessly to explain the relationship between brain function and memory. She conducted animal research and focused heavily on published work (due to lab restrictions). Arnold faced difficulties with international cooperation followed by publishing delays. Arnold's view on memory was
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Arnold theorized preceding emotions influence subsequent emotions. The three factors contributing to this idea are: affective memory, emotional attitude, and constancy of appraisal. Affective memory is the process of reliving previous experiences and applying the experience to the new situation.
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She organized the
Toronto Psychology Club to open the lines of discussion among professional colleagues. The club became the Ontario Psychological Association in 1947. She developed workshops to train psychologists in personality testing, which was uncommon due to the popularity of intelligence
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Arnold defines emotion as felt tendencies, which is contingent on two processes. (1) A person must perceive an emotion by receiving the external stimuli, remembering the emotion, then imagining the emotion. (2) Next, the emotion is appraised by acknowledging that the external stimuli affected
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where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1939. She continued her graduate studies at the
University of Toronto, studying the relationship between emotion and muscle tension; she earned her master's degree in 1940, followed by her doctorate in 1942.
117:(Chicago) to focus on research. She was promoted to director of the Behavior Laboratory. During a twenty-year period, Arnold traveled internationally to teach at universities in eastern Europe while remaining connected with Loyola.
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testing. The workshops focused on improving the quality of life of military veterans following World War II. In 1948, Arnold represented female researchers at the
Mooseheart Symposium on Feelings and Emotion.
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influenced by appraisal; she emphasized memory is a dynamic process. Her work is considered ahead of her time, which influenced later researchers when brain-mapping technology was available.
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In 1942, Arnold was employed at the
University of Toronto following her doctorate studies. She was invited to be the Director of Research and Training at the Psychological Services for
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oneself. Arnold characterized emotions as “action-tendencies.” Emotions and actions are linked through motivation, and motivation is reflected upon during appraisal.
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to return to serious studies of the brain. Finally, in 1975, Arnold decided to retire from teaching. She used her time to finish writing her book,
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Mooren, J. H. M.; van
Krogten, I. A. M. H. (February 1993). "Contributions to the History of Psychology: CXII. Magda B. Arnold Revisited: 1991".
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Family, friends, and faith-communities: Intellectual community and the benefits of unofficial networks for marginalized scientists.
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Shields, S. A. (2006). Magda B. Arnold: Pioneer in research on emotion. In D. Dewsbury, L. Benjamin, & M. Wertheimer (Eds.),
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Cornelius, R. R. (2006). Magda Arnold's
Thomistic theory of emotion, the self-ideal, and the moral dimension of appraisal.
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Stevens, G. & Gardner, S. (1982). Unacknowledged genius: Magda
Blondiau Arnold (1903-). In G. Stevens and S. Gardner,
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Shields, S. A. & Kappas, A. (2006). Magda B. Arnold's contributions to emotions research.
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Shields, Stephanie A.; Fields, Rona M. (2003). "Obituaries: Magda B. Arnold (1903-2002)".
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Story sequence analysis: A new method of measuring motivation and predicting achievement
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to help improve the academic environment. Then, in 1952, Arnold accepted a position at
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Arnold, Magda B. (1949). "A demonstration analysis of the TAT in a clinical setting".
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due to a lack of support from the academic community. She quickly moved on to the
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30:(born Magda Barta-Blondau; December 22, 1903 – October 5, 2002) was a Canadian
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Shields, Stephanie (2006). "Magda B. Arnold: Pioneer in
Research on Emotion".
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598:“Very much in love”: The letters of Magda Arnold and Father John Gasson.
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Magda B. Arnold posing for
Contemporary Psychology journal review (1961)
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Drs. Nicholas and Dorothy Cummings Center for the History of Psychology
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Shields, S. A. & Fields, R. (2003). Magda B. Arnold (1903-2002).
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In 1972, she faced a minor setback in her research while teaching at
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Shields, S. A. (2006). Magda B. Arnold's life and work in context.
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The human person: An approach to an integral theory of personality
574:"A life of Science and Spirituality: Magda B. Arnold (1903-2002)"
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Maher, Brendan (September 1961). "No Emotion without Appraisal".
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655:(pp. 126–129). Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company.
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in 1946. The next year, Arnold accepted a teaching position at
627:(Vol. IV). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
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355:"Magda B. Arnold - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation"
73:(until 1918 the town was part of the Austrian monarchy; now
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of emotions, which moved away from "feeling" theories (e.g.
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The women of psychology, Vol. II: Expansion and refinement
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Shields, S. A. (1999). A conversation with Magda Arnold.
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approach. She also created a new method of scoring the
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Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 53,
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In A. Rutherford (Ed.), Psychology's Feminist Voices.
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34:who was the first contemporary theorist to develop
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593:Doctoral Dissertation, York University, Toronto.
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454:The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
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306:"Magda Arnold - Psychology's Feminist Voices"
248:Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews
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202:Arnold, M. B., & Gasson, J. A. (1954).
836:Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
606:Rodkey, K. L., & Rodkey, E. N. (2020).
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54:called Story Sequence Analysis.
777:Finding Aid for the Magda B. Arnold papers
423:. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
126:University of South Alabama Medical School
768:Transcript of 1976 oral history interview
749:Learn how and when to remove this message
304:Held, Lisa (2010). Rutherford, A. (ed.).
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229:. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
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386:American Psychologist
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421:Memory and the brain
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179:Memory and the Brain
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69:Arnold was born in
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