240:, margin marks and a paper scale. It behaves accordingly, with a tick noise accompanying each key press and a margin bell sounding when the cursor is five columns from the right margin. Additionally, when the cursor approaches the center of the screen, it remains centered with the preceding text moving behind it—moving the page from right to left—as if to simulate a page being moved with the carriage on a real typewriter. When the end of the margin is reached, the user must press the Return key manually to advance to the next line. Text editing is handled line-by-line only—users may delete characters behind the cursor using the Backspace key or overwrite characters at the current position, but no block editing features exist, meaning that paragraphs must be rewritten in the case of adding or removing sentences. Document length is limited to 60 lines. Pressing the printer icon immediately prints the current document if a live printer is connected to the Commodore 64.
248:, the users must press the desk icon on the word processor to return to the main menu; then they must press the file cabinet icon. This brings the user to the file management screen. Magic Desk performs a check of the drive to see if the disk is inserted and if said disk is initialized; if an uninitialized disk is present, the program prompts the user to press the fire button to initialize the disk while warning them that this results in the disk being formatted, to prevent accidental data erasure. Once the disk is ready, a file cabinet with three drawers is presented to the user. Pressing any drawer brings up ten folders which can be individually labeled; in turn, pressing any folder brings up ten sheets of paper, which can also be labeled. Once the page is labeled (
401:
appetite for further Magic Desk titles. Speaking of this, Robinson wrote that its cartridge medium would precipitate wear on the 64's cartridge slot, should further entries in the Magic Desk series revolve around one set of functions at a time, necessitating pulling these cartridges out in order to access different functions. Ware found the cabinet metaphor for a file system intuitive enough for novices but cumbersome for anyone else. Robinson disagreed, writing that the six-page brochure that constituted all documentation provided users with only enough hints to meander through the software without knowing how to file a finished page. Brannon bemoaned the floppy drive's slow speed and erratic operation when writing only one document to disk.
450:—executives proposed porting Magic Desk from the 64 to the TED. Commodore recommissioned Feagans and Finkel to develop such a port; the former hired four engineers to assist in development of the so-called Magic Desk II. Finkel had to confine the code to 32 KB while adding the functionality promised by the phone, calculator, spreadsheet, and Rolodex icons. Feagans additionally worked even more closely with Wiggins' team to add speech capability. The integral speech synthesis chip of the proposed 364 variant of the TED computer would take advantage of this capability, although the chip's limited vernacular proved difficult to circumvent.
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303:. Mastering how to program joystick control, Feagans added a cursor to the demonstration. Meanwhile, in Pennsylvania, Sigmund Hartmann—head of Commodore's software division—pressed the creation of a large amount of software for the Commodore 64 after promising Tramiel that he would correct for the lack of productivity software. Hartmann tasked Andy Finkel with scouting developers in Santa Clara to ease the resulting
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225:, while the file cabinet holds a clock that can be set by the user. Pressing the fire button selects the object that is underneath the cursor. On this screen, only the typewriter, trash can, and file cabinet are functional—the rest of the objects do nothing. Additionally, the user can call up a series of help menus by pressing the Commodore key on the keyboard.
322:. The code at this point comprised only the file manager, so he teamed with Finkel to develop the word processor. To further speed development, Commodore repurposed the Santa Clara office as a place to centralize select programmers from other Commodore offices. Rich Wiggins and his team from Dallas—responsible for Commodore's
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showing their features to attendees. Despite the exhibition, Commodore executives ended up scrapping the 364, renaming the 264 as the Plus/4, and abandoning Magic Desk II, instead using Tri Micro's 3-Plus-1 productivity software. According to Finkel, accountants at
Commodore projected low demand for
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wrote that in its quest for mechanical accuracy, the word processor inherited both the good and the bad aspects of typewriters. She considered the page's movement from right to left a refreshing change of pace from standard word processors, as was the margin bell. She found the necessity for manual
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To prevent accidental data loss, pressing the trash can icon only once on either the word processor screen or the main menu puts the document into a limbo state represented by a crumpled up piece of paper in the can; it restores the current document into the word processor if the user fails to take
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Reviewers also questioned the software's usability and speed. Brannon found the absence of labels below the icons obfuscatory. Robinson praised the graphics as "clear, effective, and smooth" but found the non-functioning icons frustrating—guessing that their only role was in whetting the user's
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Further development of Magic Desk proved laborious and, pressured for time, the team stopped development of Magic Desk beyond the word processor and file manager. In the press, Commodore promised of additional functions added incrementally across multiple cartridges, for release at later dates.
184:
Despite its popularity, which brought most customers their first experience with a graphical user interface, Type and File was panned by contemporary computer journalists for its incompleteness and cumbersome interface. Commodore scrapped succeeding entries, in favor of cultivating the built-in
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expressed cautious optimism, singling out the programmers at
Commodore for their attention to detail in simulating a real-life typewriter and filing cabinet. He held reservation with having to create and name new sheets for multiple pages of a document and found the word processor's line limit
361:
Magic Desk's preview at the summer 1983 CES, although functional, was described by
Commodore there as preliminary. They promised a release date of August 31, 1983—which they were unable to fulfill due to cartridge manufacturing delays. Instead, Magic Desk was released in November of that year.
445:
Despite the mixed reviews, the first Magic Desk proved popular in the home, exposing many purchasers to their first graphical user interface. This popularity prompted
Commodore to consider subsequent cartridges. In late 1983, while the company had been making progress with designing their TED
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In the end, reviewers agreed that Magic Desk was suitable for novice computer users. Robinson recommended Magic Desk only for first-time computer users familiar with a typewriter. Ware and
Brannon went one step further, rating Magic Desk a good value for
307:. There, Feagans' demonstration captured Finkel's attention. On Finkel's suggestion that this demonstration be committed to a full product, Hartmann approved what would become Magic Desk, after the winter edition of the 1983
458:
a Plus/4 with Magic Desk II. The original Magic Desk release, however, did end up propelling the image of the still-popular
Commodore 64 from a gaming-only machine to one with the potential for productivity.
453:
Magic Desk II was previewed at the winter 1984 CES. It was built in to the proposed mid-level variant of the TED computer, the 264. Commodore's exhibition revolved around the 264 and Magic Desk, with
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for the icons. Tomczyk later had
Bruette reprogram the graphics. On their flight to Santa Clara, the two hurriedly drafted a mock-up of the software's main desktop screen on graph paper.
280:
in 1980, sparked
Feagans' interest in developing one for the PET. He developed a demonstratory graphical user interface comprising an animated filing cabinet that functioned as a
228:
Pressing the typewriter icon leads the user into the word processor, in which the typewriter and trash can can be seen as icons below the text box, along with icons for printing,
173:
in June, slated for an August 31 release. Commodore developed the Magic Desk suite both in response to a perceived lack of productivity software for the
Commodore 64 and to the
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operating system released in 1986. Unlike the original Magic Desk's limited feature set, GEOS supported third-party applications, allowing for seemingly endless capabilities.
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defined the mechanical simulation of a typewriter as "perhaps a bit too cute" and complained that the word processor provided only a fraction of the versatility of others.
323:
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module—was one such selection. Tasked with crafting a team of his own for Magic Desk, Feagans picked several members of
Wiggins' team for himself, as well as hiring
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of a Magic Desk II prototype for the Commodore 64—complete with functional calculator, spreadsheet, and Rolodex address book—surfaced online in August 2021.
213:, controlled by joystick. The first screen presents a room with a desk, a file cabinet, a trash can, and a door. The desk holds a phone, a calculator, a
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carriage returns frustrating more than nostalgic, however, and decried the lack of uniform margin and line-spacing adjustment. Charles Brannon in
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action within several seconds. Pressing the icon twice actually discards the current document from the word processor. To save a document to
337:, as supervisor. Tomczyk in turn hired digital artist Jeff Bruette. The graphics were initially programmed by Feagans and Finkel who used
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284:. The rows of cabinets contained folders which in turn contained a list of files that were stored on a diskette holding data.
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413:, requiring no instruction to use but obsolete to the intermediate computer user. He felt that Commodore—as well as
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550:, p. 266). However, Feagans recounted nearly three decades later that he had never seen the Lisa at the time (
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After its release, many reviewers of Magic Desk raised issue with its word processor. Phillip Robinson in
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485:, Commodore's name for its operating system kernel for their 8-bit home computers which Feagans pioneered
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worked. A dearth of structured work there afforded Feagans the leisure to adapt his demonstration to the
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Reviewer Mary C. Ware wrote that Magic Desk's help screens were mere regurgitations of the brochure (
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Commodore closed the Moorpark office in 1982, relocating Feagans to Commodore's executive office in
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491:, a similar GUI-based productivity suite released for the Commodore 64 among other platforms
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revisited the notion of a graphical user interface for the Commodore 64 with their
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of Commodore's Pennsylvania headquarters attributed Feagans' inspiration to the
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setting, and returning to the main screen (represented by a desk). The text box
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The Home Computer Wars: An Insider's Account of Commodore and Jack Tramiel
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The Golden Age of Video Games: The Birth of a Multibillion Dollar Industry
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169:, was ever released. It was introduced at the summer edition of the 1983
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1146:"What's New in Consumer Electronics: And Now, the New War in Software"
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2180:
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1666:
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1431:
1046:(9). Compute! Publications: 128–130 – via the Internet Archive.
470:
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252:), pressing the floppy disk icon saves the current document to disk.
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productivity software for Commodore's succeeding home computer, the
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Magic Desk was mostly the work of John Feagans, a designer of the
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2009:
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311:. Development was to be finished by the next CES in summer 1983.
222:
1294:(47). Sunshine Publications: 5 – via the Internet Archive.
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necessary to create a well-crafted graphical user interface, as
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1828:
1540:
1114:. Bell Globemedia Publishing. p. B16 – via ProQuest.
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Commodore subtitled the first and final release Type and File.
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the appearance of white paper in a typewriter, complete with
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1095:"Commodore Magic Voice Software Prototype and Easter Eggs"
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To avoid a complete rewrite, Feagans used his own special
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The Filing Cabinet: A Vertical History of Information
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Reviewing the preliminary version, George Stewart in
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panned the lack of more advanced editing functions—
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Front page of Commodore's brochure for Magic Desk I
1108:"Software: Commodore Unveils 70 Software Packages"
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268:hired in their research and development office in
608:
589:
2496:
1259:"Software Gallery: Magic Desk I: Type and File"
1193:InfoWorld's Essential Guide to the Commodore 64
272:. Seminal work on graphical user interfaces by
1955:
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276:, as well as a visit by former PARC employee
1880:†Listed in chronological order by category
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1969:
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1962:
1948:
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25:
16:Productivity software for the Commodore 64
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1105:
1343:review by Nathan Lineback at Toasty Tech
1189:
1164:
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811:
725:
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352:
1235:
1210:
1165:Robinson, Phillip (February 13, 1984).
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446:computer—known from its release as the
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1196:. Harper & Row. pp. 61–63.
1118:
1106:Kesterson, Michael (June 10, 1983).
911:
864:
823:
617:
602:
523:
409:. Brannon compared Magic Desk to an
1075:Ready: A Commodore 64 Retrospective
13:
1300:
1282:Staff writer (November 24, 1983).
384:chief among them. Mary C. Ware in
209:. A disembodied hand portrays the
14:
2531:
1334:
1311:. University of Minnesota Press.
1277:– via the Internet Archive.
1252:– via the Internet Archive.
1206:– via the Internet Archive.
1144:Pollack, Andrew (June 12, 1983).
1093:Harbon, Robin (August 31, 2021).
1029:– via the Internet Archive.
333:from Commodore's headquarters in
1992:of early word processor programs
1924:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1011:"Behind the Scenes at Commodore"
991:Commodore: A Company on the Edge
192:
1269:(5). CW Communications: 18–21.
1177:(7). CW Communications: 43–44.
1034:Brannon, Charles (March 1984).
1021:(5). CW Communications: 42–49.
2365:The First XLEnt Word Processor
1121:"News: Commodore Enhances 264"
529:
516:
255:
1:
1501:Commodore Semiconductor Group
1190:Milewski, Richard A. (1984).
1167:"Software Review: Magic Desk"
1131:(27). CW Communications: 11.
980:
1236:Tomczyk, Michael S. (1984).
1119:Mace, Scott (July 2, 1984).
560:
382:block selection-and-movement
348:
7:
1491:Commodore Business Machines
476:
159:Commodore Business Machines
89:; 40 years ago
78:Commodore Business Machines
31:Main screen of Magic Desk I
20:Magic Desk I: Type and File
10:
2536:
1257:Ware, Mary C. (May 1984).
335:West Chester, Pennsylvania
2515:Graphical user interfaces
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1307:Robertson, Craig (2021).
1242:. Compute! Publications.
1231:– via Google Books.
1185:– via Google Books.
1139:– via Google Books.
1088:– via Google Books.
1067:– via Google Books.
1009:Benford, Tom (May 1984).
1004:– via Google Books.
440:
309:Consumer Electronics Show
171:Consumer Electronics Show
136:
113:
101:
83:
71:
44:
36:
24:
2484:Category:Word processors
2461:IBM Displaywriter System
1919:Storage devices template
1783:Commodore 64 peripherals
1401:(founder/CEO, 1958–1984)
1288:Popular Computing Weekly
1213:"The New Home Computers"
1211:Stewart, George (1983).
1072:Dillon, Roberto (2014).
1051:Dillon, Roberto (2011).
510:
318:to convert his BASIC to
199:graphical user interface
175:graphical user interface
165:. Only the first entry,
153:was a planned series of
2280:MobiSystems OfficeSuite
2244:Atlantis Word Processor
1971:Word processor programs
1909:Amiga hardware template
1834:List of cancelled games
1378:Commodore International
988:Bagnall, Brian (2010).
289:Santa Clara, California
358:
2510:Commodore 64 software
1160:– via ProQuest.
356:
155:productivity software
2335:Atari Word Processor
2290:Scientific WorkPlace
2223:Nisus Writer Express
1739:Cancelled prototypes
1284:"Magic Desk Delayed"
1223:(1–6). McGraw-Hill.
1101:– via YouTube.
688:, pp. 256, 266.
378:find-and-replacement
270:Moorpark, California
143:Proprietary software
1099:8-Bit Show and Tell
883:, pp. 105–106.
795:, pp. 235–236.
21:
2456:Friden Flexowriter
2370:IBM Lotus Symphony
2345:Bank Street Writer
2257:IBM Lotus Word Pro
1929:MOS chips template
1392:Board of directors
1150:The New York Times
1112:The Globe and Mail
1040:Compute!'s Gazette
460:Berkeley Softworks
437:had accomplished.
394:Compute!'s Gazette
359:
87:November 1983
46:Original author(s)
19:
2492:
2491:
2308:
2307:
2249:Corel WordPerfect
2143:Corel WordPerfect
1937:
1936:
1793:Super Expander 64
1764:
1763:
1692:IBM PC compatible
1486:Amiga Corporation
1465:
1464:
1217:Popular Computing
994:. Variant Press.
754:Staff writer 1983
364:Popular Computing
148:
147:
2527:
2266:
2253:
2228:Nisus Writer Pro
2147:
2128:
2127:
2116:
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2058:Collabora Online
2019:
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1407:(CEO, 1984–1989)
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448:Commodore Plus/4
327:speech synthesis
291:, where founder
197:Magic Desk is a
97:
95:
90:
29:
22:
18:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2520:Word processors
2495:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2475:
2451:CPT Corporation
2434:
2360:Electric Pencil
2350:Cut & Paste
2304:
2270:Microsoft Works
2264:
2252:(since v. 10.0)
2251:
2232:
2201:
2185:
2166:Kingsoft Writer
2145:
2119:
2114:
2106:
2098:
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2017:
1998:
1973:
1968:
1938:
1933:
1874:
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1819:Commodore BASIC
1797:
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1507:
1474:
1461:
1447:Carl Sassenrath
1410:
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1303:
1301:Further reading
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1204:
1152:. p. A15.
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978:
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966:
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910:, p. 511;
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752:, p. 280;
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554:, p. 491).
536:Michael Tomczyk
534:
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479:
455:Jim Butterfield
443:
351:
331:Michael Tomczyk
278:Robert Metcalfe
258:
195:
132:
93:
91:
88:
84:Initial release
67:
60:Michael Tomczyk
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2390:Perfect Writer
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2171:Microsoft Word
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2146:(up to v. 9.0)
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2132:
2131:Cross-platform
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
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2101:
2099:(since v. 3.x)
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2086:Adobe Buzzword
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2023:Calligra Words
2020:
2018:(up to v. 2.x)
2012:
2006:
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1984:
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1788:Super Expander
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1496:MOS Technology
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1336:
1335:External links
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:Places Journal
1318:978-1517909468
1317:
1302:
1299:
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1279:
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1103:
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1036:"Horizons: 64"
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1006:
1000:
984:
982:
979:
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976:
964:
952:
950:, p. 534.
940:
938:, p. 527.
928:
926:, p. 512.
916:
900:
898:, p. 510.
885:
873:
871:, p. 129.
867:, p. 19;
857:
845:
843:, p. 129.
828:
816:
797:
785:
783:, p. 235.
773:
771:, p. 128.
758:
742:
740:, p. 236.
730:
718:
706:
704:, p. 492.
690:
678:
676:, p. 266.
655:
653:, p. 400.
643:
641:, p. 491.
622:
607:
588:
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526:, p. 20).
514:
512:
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367:non-standard.
350:
347:
257:
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203:word processor
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123:Word processor
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2190:Classic MacOS
2188:
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2091:Atlantis Nova
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2016:
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2008:
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1993:
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1865:Commodore USA
1863:
1861:
1858:
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1845:
1844:Simons' BASIC
1842:
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1824:Commodore DOS
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1751:Commodore 900
1749:
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1592:Commodore 128
1590:
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1452:Shiraz Shivji
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1060:
1057:. CRC Press.
1056:
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1012:
1007:
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1001:9780973864960
997:
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986:
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973:
968:
962:, p. 83.
961:
956:
949:
944:
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932:
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920:
914:, p. 11.
913:
909:
904:
897:
892:
890:
882:
877:
870:
866:
861:
855:, p. 44.
854:
853:Robinson 1984
849:
842:
837:
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833:
826:, p. 19.
825:
820:
814:, p. 45.
813:
812:Robinson 1984
808:
806:
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802:
794:
789:
782:
777:
770:
765:
763:
755:
751:
746:
739:
734:
728:, p. 43.
727:
726:Robinson 1984
722:
716:, p. 43.
715:
710:
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668:
666:
664:
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631:
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620:, p. 21.
619:
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605:, p. 20.
604:
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586:, p. 62.
585:
584:Milewski 1984
580:
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411:IBM Selectric
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193:Functionality
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167:Type and File
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47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
2379:
2355:davka writer
2325:Apple Writer
2313:Discontinued
2197:Nisus Writer
2138:Adobe InCopy
1838:
1756:Commodore 65
1582:Commodore 16
1562:Commodore 64
1479:Subsidiaries
1442:Chuck Peddle
1405:Irving Gould
1399:Jack Tramiel
1341:Magic Desk I
1327:
1308:
1291:
1287:
1266:
1262:
1238:
1220:
1216:
1192:
1174:
1170:
1149:
1128:
1124:
1111:
1098:
1078:. Springer.
1074:
1053:
1043:
1039:
1018:
1014:
990:
967:
955:
948:Bagnall 2010
943:
936:Bagnall 2010
931:
924:Bagnall 2010
919:
908:Bagnall 2010
903:
896:Bagnall 2010
876:
869:Brannon 1984
860:
848:
841:Brannon 1984
819:
793:Stewart 1983
788:
781:Stewart 1983
776:
769:Brannon 1984
756:, p. 5.
750:Tomczyk 1984
745:
738:Stewart 1983
733:
721:
714:Benford 1984
709:
702:Bagnall 2010
698:Tomczyk 1984
693:
686:Tomczyk 1984
681:
674:Tomczyk 1984
651:Bagnall 2010
646:
639:Bagnall 2010
552:Bagnall 2010
548:Tomczyk 1984
531:
518:
468:
452:
444:
407:technophobes
403:
399:
392:
385:
371:
369:
363:
360:
343:
313:
297:Commodore 64
293:Jack Tramiel
286:
282:file manager
259:
242:
227:
201:featuring a
196:
183:
166:
163:Commodore 64
150:
149:
128:File manager
108:Commodore 64
73:Developer(s)
64:Jeff Bruette
53:John Feagans
2395:SpeedScript
2340:AtariWriter
2213:Apple Pages
2151:Google Docs
2063:LibreOffice
2028:GNU TeXmacs
2003:Open-source
1860:Amiga, Inc.
1577:Educator 64
1557:MAX Machine
1437:Dave Needle
1422:Dave Haynie
972:Harbon 2021
960:Dillon 2011
881:Dillon 2014
495:Windows 1.0
423:Quarterdeck
324:Magic Voice
305:crunch time
256:Development
246:floppy disk
215:spreadsheet
207:file system
56:Andy Finkel
37:Other names
2499:Categories
2446:AlphaSmart
2413:StarOffice
2380:Magic Desk
2330:AppleWorks
2265:(enhanced)
2124:Commercial
2107:(standard)
2068:OpenOffice
1987:Comparison
1839:Magic Desk
1814:Amiga Unix
1778:1351 mouse
1512:Computersâ€
981:References
274:Xerox PARC
219:typewriter
179:Apple Lisa
151:Magic Desk
40:Magic Desk
2466:IBM MT/ST
2428:NeoOffice
2385:PaperClip
2275:Nota Bene
2181:TextMaker
2176:Scrivener
2112:TextMaker
1432:Jay Miner
1415:Engineers
1324:Excerpted
1275:0741-4285
1229:0279-4721
1183:0199-6649
1171:InfoWorld
1158:0362-4331
1137:0199-6649
1125:InfoWorld
1027:0741-4285
912:Mace 1984
865:Ware 1984
824:Ware 1984
618:Ware 1984
603:Ware 1984
561:Citations
524:Ware 1984
471:ROM image
427:man-hours
415:Microsoft
373:InfoWorld
349:Reception
266:Commodore
2439:Hardware
2405:WordStar
2375:MacWrite
2320:1st Word
2285:PolyEdit
2161:Ichitaro
2079:Freeware
2048:TextEdit
1889:Category
1870:Escom AG
1853:See also
1802:Software
1771:hardware
1662:500 Plus
1427:Bil Herd
477:See also
419:VisiCorp
320:assembly
316:compiler
299:, using
221:, and a
161:for the
103:Platform
2409:Writer
2300:XyWrite
2295:WordPad
2237:Windows
2010:AbiWord
1899:Commons
1809:AmigaOS
500:Visi On
339:sprites
223:Rolodex
177:of the
138:License
94:1983-11
92: (
2400:Sprint
2218:Mellel
2156:Hangul
2115:(2008)
2053:Writer
1829:KERNAL
1651:3000UX
1587:Plus/4
1541:VIC-20
1536:CBM-II
1385:People
1315:
1273:
1246:
1227:
1200:
1181:
1156:
1135:
1082:
1061:
1025:
998:
483:KERNAL
441:Legacy
421:, and
238:platen
234:mimics
230:margin
211:cursor
187:Plus/4
2423:Go-oo
2262:Jarte
2206:macOS
2104:Jarte
2033:KWord
1769:Other
1682:4000T
1656:3000T
1602:Amiga
1572:SX-64
1567:C64GS
1526:KIM-1
1519:Early
544:Apple
511:Notes
431:Apple
301:BASIC
264:whom
250:named
2471:Wang
2096:Bean
2015:Bean
1982:List
1730:PC60
1725:PC50
1720:PC40
1715:PC30
1710:PC20
1705:PC10
1677:4000
1672:1200
1645:3000
1640:CD32
1635:CDTV
1630:1500
1625:2500
1620:2000
1610:1000
1313:ISBN
1271:ISSN
1244:ISBN
1225:ISSN
1198:ISBN
1179:ISSN
1154:ISSN
1133:ISSN
1080:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1023:ISSN
996:ISBN
540:Lisa
505:Desq
489:Jane
464:GEOS
435:Lisa
380:and
217:, a
205:and
115:Type
2043:Ted
2038:LyX
1700:PC1
1667:600
1615:500
1550:C64
1531:PET
1326:in
1263:Run
1015:Run
542:by
433:'s
387:Run
262:PET
157:by
2501::
1290:.
1286:.
1265:.
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1219:.
1215:.
1173:.
1169:.
1148:.
1127:.
1123:.
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1097:.
1042:.
1038:.
1017:.
1013:.
888:^
831:^
800:^
761:^
658:^
625:^
610:^
591:^
568:^
469:A
417:,
189:.
181:.
1963:e
1956:t
1949:v
1658:)
1649:(
1370:e
1363:t
1356:v
1330:.
1321:.
1292:2
1267:1
1221:3
1175:6
1129:6
1044:2
1019:1
974:.
546:(
96:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
