258:
38:
323:. By this period, Mahsati was acknowledged as the first and most prominent female poet of the Persian language. Valeh was seemingly contemplative of her poems, and saw her not just as a woman, but as an important poet. He recounts the tale of Mahsati, who "was a prostitute and the beloved of Sultan Sanjar." The latter admired her physical attractiveness, but was even more enthusiastic about her poetic ability, as demonstrated in the following excerpt from Valeh;
744:
122:
The historicity of
Mahsati is problematic to determine. The modern historian Francois de Blois considers her to be a semi-legendary figure, adding that "we have no information whatsoever about the historical person who (apparently) lurks behind the legend." She seemingly lived between the early 11th
230:
poets, in addition to other figures such as Adib Sabir, Rashid Vatvat, ‘Abd al-Vasih Jabali, and Anvari. Dawlatshah narrates that
Mahsati gained the attention and favour of Sanjar by performing a speech which she had improvised. This took place during one evening, when Sanjar left his audience hall
2833:
Contemporary
Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of
337:
for six months, to the extent that I even recited it in my sleep and any person who was sleeping near me would hear it and be woken up. Truly this quatrain is one of those poems the like of which a poet such as
249:(professional scribe) is often associated with her name, but it is uncertain if she ever held this function. Most sources present her as a singer and a musician, as well as a poet of a court.
236:
For thee hath Heaven saddled
Fortune's steed, O King, and chosen thee from all who lead; Now o'er the Earth it spreads a silver sheet, To guard from mud thy gold-shod charger's feet
257:
346:
I considered your pact with me to be very weak and thought fit to break it. All the cruelties you inflicted on me, you did them, after all— I had known early.
2342:
275:), whose themes are generally about complaint of a lovers absence, a lovers lack of attention, or a lovers cruelty. Many of these poems are part of the
727:
2863:
777:
679:
207:, however, considered it unlikely that she was already alive during the reign of Mahmud. He adds that Mahmud is evidently confused with
830:
2898:
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629:
605:
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279:(erotic) genre, where the beloved is a young craftsman. Mahsati has become well-known for her bawdy verses. A copy of the
2868:
591:
226:
are the only female poets mentioned in the book, both being briefly described. There
Mahsati is listed amongst Sanjar's
651:
561:
539:
37:
460:
102:, such as Mahisti, Mahsiti or Mihisti. The most accurate interpretation is likely Mahsati, seemingly a combination of
342:
could perhaps compose once in a lifetime, and the sincerity of these words will be clear to any poet worth his salt:
1213:
825:
770:
2804:
2235:
1778:
17:
2873:
1875:
1376:
885:
1983:
2888:
2667:
1676:
1155:
763:
890:
1958:
1762:
304:
1988:
905:
849:
582:
208:
2488:
2431:
2372:
1436:
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261:
The opening of the anonymous romance of
Mahsati and Amir Ahmad the preacher's son. Copy dated 1462
2883:
2753:
2357:
2352:
2337:
2248:
1746:
549:
296:
66:
177:). An akin story is reported in the late 13th century by Abd Allah Jawhari in his commentary of
2205:
1754:
1663:
1469:
2598:
2426:
2403:
2258:
2005:
1175:
946:
865:
532:
Persian
Literature - A Bio-Bibliographical Survey: Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period (Volume V)
219:
705:
Gould, Rebecca (2011). "Mahsatī of Ganja's
Wandering Quatrains: Translator's Introduction".
231:
to mount his horse, but found the covered by unexpected snow. The speech was the following;
2638:
2503:
2483:
2421:
2180:
1850:
1505:
1490:
1420:
1399:
1381:
1326:
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1022:
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Mahsati was quickly presented as the heroine of romantic tales, the earliest one being the
107:
8:
2563:
2302:
2220:
2072:
2057:
1973:
1880:
1837:
1671:
1334:
726:
Lornejad, Siavash; Doostzadeh, Ali (2012). Arakelova, Victoria; Asatrian, Garnik (eds.).
2707:
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1913:
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981:
936:
895:
880:
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223:
186:
680:"The Courtesan and the Preacher: The Romance of Mahsati, an Early Female Persian Poet"
154:
2773:
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2327:
2240:
2200:
2185:
2103:
2098:
2011:
1918:
1870:
1602:
1454:
1391:
1244:
1188:
1017:
860:
663:"From ʿĀʾesha to Nur Jahān: The Shaping of a Classical Persian Poetic Canon of Women"
647:
625:
601:
557:
535:
159:
124:
2794:
2623:
2613:
2573:
2558:
2538:
2518:
2513:
2446:
2322:
2289:
2225:
2123:
2118:
1953:
1865:
1832:
1610:
1500:
1282:
925:
714:
670:
190:
57:
2809:
2768:
2727:
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2588:
2548:
2347:
2312:
2273:
2268:
2215:
1968:
1943:
1923:
1900:
1890:
1845:
1708:
1639:
1426:
1363:
1272:
1249:
1239:
1183:
1110:
941:
619:
288:
201:
469:, p. 344. See also note 2, where it is mentioned that Dawlatshah is quoted.
98:
Various interpretations of her name have been suggested based on the consonants
2778:
2763:
2758:
2748:
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2377:
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2317:
2195:
2160:
2128:
2088:
2067:
2062:
2047:
1978:
1963:
1860:
1730:
1695:
1549:
1459:
1318:
1123:
586:
578:
329:
2857:
2814:
2799:
2722:
2717:
2702:
2697:
2672:
2533:
2493:
2411:
2263:
2253:
2230:
2210:
2113:
2042:
1993:
1928:
1885:
1647:
1562:
1539:
1534:
1464:
1446:
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1416:
1412:
1339:
1254:
1160:
1131:
1094:
1068:
1027:
915:
749:
718:
615:
163:
162:(died 1221). The tale narrates that Mahsati was a singer at the court of the
2732:
2608:
2578:
2416:
2382:
2307:
2297:
2190:
2144:
2001:
1938:
1855:
1700:
1652:
1631:
1594:
1578:
1554:
1529:
1404:
1371:
1198:
1147:
1037:
920:
875:
167:
42:
2843:
2603:
2456:
2436:
2362:
2052:
1948:
1905:
1626:
900:
189:(died after 1339/40), Mahsati served at the court of the Ghaznavid ruler
45:
surprises his beloved entertaining
Mahsati in his tent". Folio from the
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2543:
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2398:
1933:
1358:
1267:
1218:
1203:
1170:
1118:
1102:
1089:
1032:
910:
284:
132:
1292:
1485:
1011:
820:
755:
639:
227:
204:
30:
This article is about
Persian poet. For the contemporary singer, see
662:
267:
181:, a poem about alchemy. Nevertheless, it was not taken from Attar's
141:
82:
1570:
1277:
1050:
1007:
384:
272:
146:
128:
87:
77:
222:(died 1495/1507) corroborates Mahsati's link with Sanjar. She and
2093:
1299:
1165:
870:
339:
136:
80:
female poet who was reportedly one of the first poets to compose
31:
743:
1738:
1510:
1307:
1073:
1063:
1058:
1002:
997:
729:
On the modern politicization of the Persian poet Nezami Ganjavi
334:
292:
123:
and the middle of the 12th century. She may have been born in
1770:
1495:
1193:
320:
2835:
1544:
1441:
291:
attributes one verse to Mahsati, but other copies consider
496:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
374:
372:
370:
368:
366:
364:
362:
360:
299:
considered her to some extent have lesbian inclinations.
295:(died 940/41) to have been its author. The Iranologist
396:
357:
508:
71:
739:
484:
472:
448:
426:
424:
422:
420:
127:, but later authors also consider to have been from
436:
139:. She was reportedly one of the first composers of
725:
572:
417:
2855:
826:Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress
265:The vast majority of poems ascribed to her are
312:, composed by Valeh Daghestani (died 1756) in
252:
771:
327:One of her quatrains is equal to a thousand
831:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
778:
764:
592:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
554:A Literary History of Persia: 4 Volume Set
2842:and one of the two official languages of
570:
378:
214:The 15th-century biographical dictionary
529:
411:
390:
256:
36:
735:. Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies.
614:
600:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 85–86.
14:
2856:
785:
677:
660:
621:The World of Persian Literary Humanism
548:
514:
502:
490:
478:
466:
454:
430:
1802:
963:
847:
797:
759:
704:
638:
442:
185:. According to later authors such as
2864:12th-century Persian-language poets
61:
24:
698:
25:
2910:
866:Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan
1803:
742:
2805:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi
2236:Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)
302:Mahsati notably appears in the
195:
172:
1876:Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani
886:Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
13:
1:
1984:Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani
1214:Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami
964:
667:Journal of Persianate Studies
644:History of Iranian Literature
351:
333:. Her quatrain had become my
313:
49:, dated October/November 1552
2899:Poets from the Seljuk Empire
2879:Persian-language women poets
1779:Mahmud Khan Malek al-Sho'ara
624:. Harvard University Press.
308:(collection of biographies)
117:
7:
2894:12th-century Iranian people
1677:Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani
530:de Blois, Francois (2004).
393:, p. 340 (see note 3).
253:Work, legacy and assessment
72:
10:
2915:
2869:12th-century women writers
1763:Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr
848:
571:de Bruijn, J.T.P. (1991).
523:
287:(died 1073) stored in the
90:) in her native language.
29:
2831:
2787:
2741:
2647:
2473:
2391:
2282:
2173:
2153:
2137:
2081:
2035:
2019:
1989:Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar
1826:
1813:
1809:
1798:
1723:
1688:
1619:
1587:
1522:
1515:Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani
1478:
1351:
1232:
1082:
990:
974:
970:
959:
906:Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr
856:
843:
806:
793:
211:, a governor of Sanjar.
2404:Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh
1437:Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo
1260:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
1156:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
816:Old Persian inscriptions
646:. Springer Netherlands.
550:Browne, Edward Granville
2754:Houshang Moradi Kermani
2358:Houshang Moradi Kermani
2353:Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi
2338:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
2249:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
1747:Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani
1713:Abbas Foroughi Bastami
798:
297:Edward Granville Browne
93:
2206:Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad
1755:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
1368:Shams al-Din Qays Razi
1111:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
719:10.1093/litimag/imr013
678:Sharma, Sunil (2021).
661:Sharma, Sunil (2009).
349:
262:
239:
50:
2874:Iranian women writers
2742:Children's literature
2599:Rasoul Mollagholipour
2489:Rakhshan Bani-E'temad
2432:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
2427:Alireza Koushk Jalali
2373:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
2259:Shahriyar Mandanipour
1491:Shah Ni'matullah Wali
1335:Kamal al-Din Esfahani
1176:Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani
947:Shikand-gumanig Vizar
930:Anthology of Zadspram
325:
260:
233:
220:Dawlatshah Samarqandi
106:(moon) and the early
40:
2639:Sohrab Shahid-Saless
2504:Pouran Derakhshandeh
2484:Mohammad Reza Aslani
2422:Amir Reza Koohestani
2181:Ali Mohammad Afghani
1851:Mohammad Reza Aslani
1506:Fazlallah Astarabadi
1382:Afdal al-Din Kashani
1377:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
1327:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1209:Afdal al-Din Kashani
1023:Abu Tahir Khosrovani
811:Behistun Inscription
707:Literary Imagination
2889:12th-century deaths
2564:Varuzh Karim-Masihi
2303:Abolhassan Etessami
2221:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
2073:Abdul Ali Mustaghni
2058:Khalilullah Khalili
1998:Manouchehr Sheybani
1974:Tahereh Saffarzadeh
1881:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
1838:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
1470:Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani
1315:Faramarz-e Khodadad
901:Shabuhragan of Mani
684:The British Library
505:, pp. 155–156.
216:Tazkirat al-shu'ara
2708:Ebrahim Pourdavoud
2693:Ahmad Kamyabi Mask
2663:Najaf Daryabandari
2524:Behrouz Gharibpour
2368:Shahrnush Parsipur
2343:Aboutorab Khosravi
2245:Aboutorab Khosravi
2109:Gulrukhsor Safieva
2027:Edward Haghverdian
1681:Rasa Salim Tehrani
1400:Abu'l Majd Tabrizi
1387:Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi
1043:Abusaeid Abolkheir
982:Muhammad ibn Wasif
937:Zand-i Wahman yasn
896:Dana-i Menog Khrat
881:Book of Arda Viraf
787:Persian literature
263:
224:Jahan Malek Khatun
187:Hamdallah Mustawfi
179:qasida-yi hawliyya
51:
47:Majalis al-ushshaq
2851:
2850:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2774:Farhad Hasanzadeh
2713:Hamid Samandarian
2654:Amrollah Abjadian
2619:Fereydoun Rahnema
2584:Mohsen Makhmalbaf
2569:Samuel Khachikian
2554:Ebrahim Hatamikia
2465:Mohammad Yaghoubi
2461:Mirza Aqa Tabrizi
2328:Houshang Golshiri
2241:Houshang Golshiri
2201:Mahshid Amirshahi
2186:Ghazaleh Alizadeh
2169:
2168:
2104:Abolqasem Lahouti
2099:Iskandar Khatloni
2012:Fereydoon Moshiri
1959:Mohammad Mokhtari
1919:Forugh Farrokhzad
1871:Manouchehr Atashi
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1716:
1705:
1668:
1664:Abdul-Qādir Bēdil
1657:
1644:
1636:
1607:
1603:Mohtasham Kashani
1599:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1455:Nozhat al-Majales
1451:
1409:
1396:
1392:Mahmud Shabistari
1359:Abu Tahir Tarsusi
1344:
1331:
1323:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1264:
1245:Suzani Samarqandi
1189:Abu-al-Faraj Runi
1180:
1152:
1144:
1140:Masud Sa'd Salman
1136:
1128:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1055:
1047:
1018:Abu Shakur Balkhi
955:
954:
891:Cube of Zoroaster
861:Ayadgar-i Zariran
839:
838:
631:978-0-674-06759-2
607:978-90-04-08112-3
160:Attar of Nishapur
158:of the Sufi poet
114:(virtuous lady).
76:) was a medieval
70:
16:(Redirected from
2906:
2795:Aydin Aghdashloo
2624:Rasul Sadr Ameli
2614:Kambuzia Partovi
2574:Abbas Kiarostami
2559:Abdolreza Kahani
2539:Ebrahim Golestan
2519:Farrokh Ghaffari
2514:Bahman Farmanara
2447:Abbas Nalbandian
2323:Ebrahim Golestan
2290:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
2226:Soudabeh Fazaeli
2124:Mirzo Tursunzoda
2119:Payrav Sulaymoni
1954:Shams Langeroodi
1910:Parviz Eslampour
1866:Aminollah Rezaei
1833:Ahmadreza Ahmadi
1824:
1823:
1811:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1714:
1703:
1672:Naw'i Khabushani
1666:
1655:
1642:
1634:
1605:
1597:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1501:Abu Ali Qalandar
1449:
1407:
1394:
1342:
1329:
1321:
1310:
1302:
1290:
1283:Najm al-Din Razi
1262:
1178:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1113:
1105:
1097:
1053:
1045:
972:
971:
961:
960:
926:Dadestan-i Denig
845:
844:
795:
794:
780:
773:
766:
757:
756:
752:
747:
746:
736:
734:
722:
694:
692:
690:
674:
657:
635:
611:
576:
567:
545:
518:
512:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
434:
428:
415:
409:
394:
388:
382:
376:
318:
315:
199:
197:
191:Mahmud of Ghazni
176:
175: 1118–1157
174:
75:
65:
63:
21:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2819:
2810:Ehsan Yarshater
2783:
2769:Poopak NikTalab
2737:
2728:Ahmad Tafazzoli
2643:
2634:Parviz Shahbazi
2589:Dariush Mehrjui
2549:Abolfazl Jalili
2469:
2387:
2348:Mostafa Mastoor
2313:Simin Daneshvar
2278:
2274:Iraj Pezeshkzad
2269:Mansour Koushan
2216:Simin Daneshvar
2165:
2149:
2133:
2077:
2031:
2015:
2006:She'r-e Nimaa'i
1969:Yadollah Royaee
1944:Siavash Kasraie
1924:Hossein Monzavi
1914:Parvin E'tesami
1901:Hushang Ebtehaj
1891:Simin Behbahani
1846:Qeysar Aminpour
1822:
1805:
1786:
1719:
1709:Neshat Esfahani
1684:
1640:Asir-e Esfahani
1615:
1583:
1518:
1474:
1427:Bahram-e-Pazhdo
1364:Awhadi Maraghai
1347:
1273:Falaki Shirvani
1250:Hassan Ghaznavi
1228:
1224:Mahsati Ganjavi
1184:Uthman Mukhtari
1078:
986:
966:
951:
942:Drakht-i Asurig
852:
835:
802:
789:
784:
748:
741:
732:
701:
699:Further reading
688:
686:
654:
632:
608:
579:Bosworth, C. E.
564:
542:
526:
521:
513:
509:
501:
497:
489:
485:
477:
473:
465:
461:
453:
449:
441:
437:
429:
418:
410:
397:
389:
385:
377:
358:
354:
348:
316:
310:Riaz al-sho'ara
289:Vatican Library
255:
238:
198: 998–1030
194:
171:
120:
96:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Mahsati Ganjavi
15:
12:
11:
5:
2912:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Romantic poets
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2849:
2848:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2779:Ramak NikTalab
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:Hengameh Mofid
2761:
2759:Babak NikTalab
2756:
2751:
2749:Samad Behrangi
2745:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2688:Saleh Hosseini
2685:
2683:Ramak NikTalab
2680:
2678:Sadegh Hedayat
2675:
2670:
2668:Mohammad Ghazi
2665:
2660:
2658:Jaleh Amouzgar
2655:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:Mohammad Sadri
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2594:Reza Mirkarimi
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:Bahman Ghobadi
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Asghar Farhadi
2506:
2501:
2499:Hajir Darioush
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
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2462:
2459:
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2449:
2444:
2442:Hengameh Mofid
2439:
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2419:
2414:
2409:
2408:Mohsen Yalfani
2406:
2401:
2395:
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2380:
2378:Bahram Sadeghi
2375:
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2355:
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2345:
2340:
2335:
2333:Sadegh Hedayat
2330:
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2318:Nader Ebrahimi
2315:
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2305:
2300:
2295:
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2256:
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2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Reza Amirkhani
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2161:Muhammad Iqbal
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2129:Satim Ulugzade
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Sadriddin Ayni
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2068:Massoud Nawabi
2065:
2063:Youssof Kohzad
2060:
2055:
2050:
2048:Wasef Bakhtari
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Sohrab Sepehri
1976:
1971:
1966:
1964:Nosrat Rahmani
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1861:Ahmad NikTalab
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1842:Hormoz Alipour
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1821:
1820:
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1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1731:Yaghma Jandaqi
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1696:Hatef Esfahani
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1643:(c. 1620–1648)
1637:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1600:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1584:
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1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1550:Kamal Khujandi
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
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1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:Khwaju Kermani
1457:
1452:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1319:Nizami Ganjavi
1316:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1124:Qatran Tabrizi
1121:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1005:
1000:
994:
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987:
985:
984:
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976:
968:
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953:
952:
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949:
944:
939:
934:
931:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
876:Book of Jamasp
873:
868:
863:
857:
854:
853:
841:
840:
837:
836:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
807:
804:
803:
791:
790:
783:
782:
775:
768:
760:
754:
753:
738:
737:
723:
713:(2): 225–227.
700:
697:
696:
695:
675:
658:
653:978-9401034814
652:
636:
630:
616:Dabashi, Hamid
612:
606:
583:van Donzel, E.
568:
563:978-0700704064
562:
546:
541:978-0947593476
540:
525:
522:
520:
519:
517:, p. 156.
507:
495:
493:, p. 155.
483:
481:, p. 344.
471:
459:
457:, p. 151.
447:
445:, p. 199.
435:
416:
414:, p. 340.
395:
383:
379:de Bruijn 1991
355:
353:
350:
344:
254:
251:
234:
149:) in Persian.
119:
116:
95:
92:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2911:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2816:
2815:Ahmad Kasravi
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:Ali Latifiyan
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Jafar Shahidi
2721:
2719:
2718:Jalal Sattari
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Mohammad Moin
2701:
2699:
2698:Ahmad Shamlou
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Lili Golestan
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Fereydun Gole
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Bahram Beyzai
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:Saeed Aghighi
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Bahram Beyzai
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
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2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:Short stories
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:Abbas Maroufi
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Ahmad Mahmoud
2252:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:Reza Ghassemi
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Reza Baraheni
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2114:Loiq Sher-Ali
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:Nadia Anjuman
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Ahmad Shamlou
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:Hushang Irani
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Reza Baraheni
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
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1819:
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1812:
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1801:
1797:
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1707:
1702:
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1691:
1687:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:Kalim Kashani
1646:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1611:'Orfi Shirazi
1609:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Salman Savaji
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:Badr Shirvani
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1447:Homam Tabrizi
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:Pur-Baha Jami
1430:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1393:
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1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1340:Shams Tabrizi
1338:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1309:
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1301:
1298:
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1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:Faramarz Nama
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:Ahmad Ghazali
1159:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1132:Nizam al-Mulk
1130:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1095:Nasir Khusraw
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:Kisai Marvazi
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:Shahid Balkhi
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
993:
989:
983:
980:
979:
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973:
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962:
958:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
916:Menog-i Khrad
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
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869:
867:
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829:
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801:
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792:
788:
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776:
774:
769:
767:
762:
761:
758:
751:
750:Poetry portal
745:
740:
731:
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724:
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623:
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617:
613:
609:
603:
599:
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593:
588:
584:
580:
575:
569:
565:
559:
556:. Routledge.
555:
551:
547:
543:
537:
534:. Routledge.
533:
528:
527:
516:
511:
504:
499:
492:
487:
480:
475:
468:
463:
456:
451:
444:
439:
432:
427:
425:
423:
421:
413:
412:de Blois 2004
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
392:
391:de Blois 2004
387:
381:, p. 85.
380:
375:
373:
371:
369:
367:
365:
363:
361:
356:
347:
343:
341:
336:
332:
331:
324:
322:
311:
307:
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290:
286:
282:
281:Lughat-i Furs
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115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
91:
89:
85:
84:
79:
74:
68:
59:
55:
48:
44:
43:Sultan Sanjar
39:
33:
19:
2733:Abbas Zaryab
2609:Jafar Panahi
2579:Majid Majidi
2417:Bahman Forsi
2383:Goli Taraqqi
2308:Javad Mojabi
2298:Sadeq Chubak
2294:Shamim Bahar
2191:Bozorg Alavi
2145:Asad Gulzoda
2002:Nima Yooshij
1939:Bijan Jalali
1856:Aref Qazvini
1804:Contemporary
1739:Mirza Ghalib
1701:Azar Bigdeli
1660:Saba Kashani
1653:Hazin Lāhiji
1632:Saib Tabrizi
1595:Vahshi Bafqi
1579:Baba Faghani
1555:Ahli Shirazi
1530:Ubayd Zakani
1405:Amir Khusrau
1395:(1288–1320s)
1372:Sultan Walad
1223:
1199:Banu Goshasp
1148:Omar Khayyam
1038:Rabia Balkhi
921:Jamasp Namag
728:
710:
706:
687:. Retrieved
683:
666:
643:
620:
597:
590:
553:
531:
510:
498:
486:
474:
462:
450:
438:
386:
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301:
280:
276:
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246:
242:
240:
235:
215:
213:
182:
178:
168:Ahmad Sanjar
153:
151:
140:
121:
111:
103:
99:
97:
81:
53:
52:
46:
27:Persian Poet
2844:Afghanistan
2648:Translators
2604:Amir Naderi
2474:Screenplays
2457:Pari Saberi
2437:Bijan Mofid
2363:Bijan Najdi
2053:Raziq Faani
2036:Afghanistan
1949:Esmail Khoi
1906:Bijan Elahi
1782:(1813–1893)
1774:(1808–1854)
1766:(1801–1880)
1758:(1800–1871)
1750:(1779–1837)
1742:(1797–1869)
1734:(1782–1859)
1715:(1798–1857)
1704:(1722–1781)
1667:(1642–1720)
1656:(1692–1766)
1635:(1607–1670)
1627:Taleb Amoli
1606:(1500–1588)
1598:(1523–1583)
1574:(1487–1524)
1566:(1483–1556)
1558:(1454–1535)
1450:(1238–1314)
1408:(1253–1325)
1330:(1149–1209)
1322:(1141–1209)
1311:(1126–1189)
1303:(1120–1190)
1263:(1155–1191)
1179:(1098–1131)
1151:(1048–1131)
1143:(1046–1121)
1135:(1018–1092)
1127:(1009–1072)
1114:(1006–1088)
1106:(1058–1111)
1098:(1004–1088)
933:Warshtmansr
587:Pellat, Ch.
515:Sharma 2009
503:Sharma 2009
491:Sharma 2009
479:Browne 2013
467:Browne 2013
455:Sharma 2009
431:Sharma 2021
317: 1747
202:Iranologist
2858:Categories
2840:Tajikistan
2544:Ali Hatami
2452:Akbar Radi
2399:Reza Abdoh
2138:Uzbekistan
2082:Tajikistan
1934:Iraj Mirza
1268:Adib Sabir
1204:Borzu-Nama
1171:Manuchehri
1119:Asadi Tusi
1103:Al-Ghazali
1090:Bābā Tāher
1054:(980–1037)
1046:(967–1049)
911:Bundahishn
673:: 148–164.
640:Rypka, Jan
596:Volume VI:
443:Rypka 1968
352:References
285:Asadi Tusi
277:shahrashub
183:Ilahi-nama
155:Ilahi-nama
133:Badakhshan
2788:Essayists
1486:Ibn Yamin
1012:Shahnameh
965:Classical
821:Ganjnameh
574:"Mahsatī"
273:quatrains
268:ruba'iyat
241:The term
228:panegyric
209:Mahmud II
205:Jan Rypka
147:quatrains
142:ruba'iyat
118:Biography
110:loanword
88:quatrains
83:ruba'iyat
67:romanized
2154:Pakistan
1896:Dehkhoda
1571:Ismail I
1421:Golestān
1343:(d.1248)
1240:Iranshah
1051:Avicenna
1008:Ferdowsi
642:(1968).
618:(2012).
598:Mahk–Mid
589:(eds.).
552:(2013).
129:Nishapur
2094:Farzona
2020:Armenia
1300:Khaqani
1219:Mu'izzi
1166:Hujwiri
1033:Bal'ami
871:Dēnkard
689:1 March
524:Sources
340:Khaqani
305:tazkera
200:). The
137:Khujand
78:Persian
73:Mahsati
69::
58:Persian
54:Mahsati
32:Mahasti
2174:Novels
1814:Poetry
1563:Fuzuli
1540:Hatefi
1511:Nasimi
1417:Bustan
1308:Anvari
1293:c.1220
1291:(1142–
1074:Ayyuqi
1064:Asjadi
1059:Unsuri
1003:Daqiqi
998:Rudaki
850:Middle
650:
628:
604:
585:&
560:
538:
335:mantra
330:divans
293:Rudaki
247:dabīra
166:ruler
164:Seljuk
108:Indian
2392:Plays
1771:Qaani
1724:1800s
1689:1700s
1620:1600s
1588:1500s
1523:1400s
1496:Hafez
1479:1300s
1413:Saadi
1352:1200s
1288:Attar
1278:Am'aq
1233:1100s
1194:Sanai
1083:1000s
733:(PDF)
671:Brill
669:(2).
577:. In
321:Delhi
243:dabīr
125:Ganja
100:mhsty
62:مهستی
2836:Iran
1827:Iran
1545:Jami
1442:Rumi
991:900s
975:800s
691:2021
648:ISBN
626:ISBN
602:ISBN
558:ISBN
536:ISBN
112:satī
94:Name
800:Old
715:doi
319:in
283:of
218:of
135:or
104:māh
2860::
2838:,
1419:/
711:13
709:.
682:.
665:.
594:.
581:;
419:^
398:^
359:^
314:c.
196:r.
173:r.
131:,
64:,
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2846:.
2008:)
2004:(
1423:)
1415:(
1295:)
1014:)
1010:(
779:e
772:t
765:v
721:.
717::
693:.
656:.
634:.
610:.
566:.
544:.
433:.
271:(
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34:.
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