622:
7386:
35:
7228:
520:
915:
689:
7435:
7333:
7065:
602:
506:
666:
7321:
7204:
7053:
8248:
1171:
7732:
7036:
6975:
7240:
4947:
7118:
7094:
6812:
8236:
1159:
7403:
7277:
7170:
6912:
7306:
7216:
7187:
7106:
6958:
6895:
6878:
6824:
6795:
6783:
7374:
6861:
7345:
7289:
7019:
6946:
1695:
7142:
7357:
7082:
6929:
6987:
7130:
1438:, disputes broke out between Gerakan and MCA as seven ex-MCA members (with support from MCA) stood against Gerakan. The party lost some seats but managed to retain its stronghold Penang despite losing its position as the biggest party in Penang. Gerakan also sought to expand its influence in others states, especially in Perak, an effort helped by continued defections from MCA. In 1979, Michael Chen stood against
716:
2927:
2880:
2833:
2786:
2694:
2562:
2518:
2474:
2424:
2974:
2739:
2650:
2606:
1540:, the party suffered its worst electoral defeat. The party retained only two parliament seats, compared to the 10 seats it had before the election. As a result, the party lost its only cabinet post in the ensuing cabinet shuffle. In addition, Gerakan also lost power in Penang after governing the state for almost 39 years. Soon after the defeat, a number of prominent members, such as
1552:
to voice
Gerakan's ideology, policy position and advocate Malaysian solutions for various major issues, to rebuild, rebrand and re-empower the party at all levels, and to regain people's confidence. The party also launched a new slogan, "Forward Together with One Heart" (Satu Hati Gerak Bersama), and set out its area of concerns and strategies.
1399:, which won in Kelantan, were the only parties not then affiliated with the Alliance Party to form a state government in Malaysia. However, due to internal disputes within the party, for example over plan for closer ties with Alliance, the party was split. Many of its members, such as Syed Hussein Alatas,
1551:
After the dismal performance in the 12th general election, Gerakan launched a party rejuvenation campaign in conjunction with the party's 40th anniversary celebrations on 25 May 2008 in its bid to rebound in mainstream politics and to regain people's confidence. It outlined three main thrusts, namely
1458:
should replace Lim Chong Eu as Penang Chief
Minister after his term expired. Gerakan threatened to resign from BN unless it was allocated more seats. It was then allocated 9 seats, it nevertheless lost 4 of these, thereby ending with the same number of seats (5). It also saw increased pressure from
1442:
for the MCA Presidency but lost, then later in 1981 joined
Gerakan. He was followed by 120,000 dissidents MCA members, thereby allowing Gerakan to create of new branches and become a nationwide organisation. (Chen however later rejoined MCA after a failed challenge to replace Lim Keng Yaik as leader
1430:
and Paul Leong Khee Seong, joined
Gerakan. In 1980, Lim Chong Eu decided to retire from the post of party president, and Lim Keng Yaik won the presidency over Lim Chong Eu's preferred candidate Paul Leong. Lim Keng Yaik stayed as president of Gerakan until he decided to retire in 2007.
6046:
1498:, and became closely associated with the fortune of Penang. In that time there had been only two chief ministers in Penang, Lim and Koh Tsu Koon, both from Gerakan. In 1996, in an attempt to win broader support, the party shifted its headquarter to
1579:, Gerakan failed to win any seat and therefore had no representation in Parliament for the first time. On 23 June 2018, the party unanimously decided to leave BN in the aftermath of the election. Following the party's departure from
4617:
6158:
1493:
For nearly four decades, from 1969 to 2008, although not necessarily the biggest party (UMNO was the biggest party in Penang for many years from the late 1970s onward), Gerakan played a dominant role in the
6732:
1411:(PEKEMAS). The PEKEMAS party however proved to be short-lived, and Gerakan itself became reduced and largely Chinese as many non-Chinese left the party. In 1972, Gerakan joined the Alliance which became
5888:
6653:
4693:
6435:
5938:
5903:
1359:
in 1962. In 1968, UDP was dissolved and its former members, together with the Labour Party and others, joined force to form a new party
Gerakan. The six founders of the party were Professor
6679:
6198:
5908:
5467:
1651:
8163:
7987:
6151:
5763:
5492:
6725:
6194:
6165:
5928:
5898:
1283:
Gerakan played a dominant role in the Penang state legislature from 1969 until 2008. It also enjoyed some success nationally as part of the ruling BN coalition, particularly in the
1567:
for the post. In 2016, for the first time in history, the
President of BN did not attend the annual general meeting of Gerakan and instead briefly appeared on video for 2 minutes.
1375:. Although the majority of its supporters were Chinese, the party positioned itself as a Malaysian, non-communal party that received some support from the Indians and Malays. Its
5873:
6674:
5753:
5502:
6079:
5958:
5943:
7735:
6718:
5527:
5512:
5447:
1029:
1921:
4663:
8108:
7361:
5883:
5758:
5918:
5748:
5487:
2043:
7916:
6659:
5878:
5507:
2055:
1993:
1909:
5793:
8268:
2143:
2137:
2107:
1817:
1807:
1624:
680:
135:
127:
1482:
in his Padang Kota constituency, after which Lim Chong Eu retired from politics. Nevertheless, Gerakan retained the post of Chief
Minister of Penang with Dr.
4935:
2119:
1973:
1968:
1812:
131:
5893:
4185:
1988:
1948:
1310:
The party is assisted by an affiliated think tank called SEDAR Institute (Socio-Economic
Development And Research Institute). The party is a member of the
892:
6741:
6701:
6669:
2113:
1958:
1861:
1827:
799:
143:
7788:
6828:
4701:
2033:
4913:
7993:
7772:
6190:
6127:
6072:
2131:
2070:
2060:
2038:
1933:
1822:
139:
7220:
2028:
2023:
2018:
1978:
6664:
5973:
5829:
2101:
2083:
2065:
1998:
1983:
1963:
1885:
1837:
1797:
405:
153:
119:
8288:
8005:
7542:
6258:
5836:
5798:
2149:
2089:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1953:
1938:
1873:
1849:
1211:
181:
99:
5597:
5432:
1943:
1447:, it increased its representation in both the national level (from 4 to 5, out of 7 seats allocated) as well as state level (from 12 to 15).
807:
7782:
6145:
6065:
4117:
861:
8303:
8033:
7074:
6493:
6482:
4741:
4200:
7818:
7337:
6506:
3041:
1708:
1307:. Despite clashes with its coalition allies, the party is perceived to be dependent on continued membership within Perikatan Nasional.
4804:
4760:
5653:
4928:
4778:
8293:
8283:
5708:
5452:
5387:
5292:
5008:
4973:
1602:
coalition. However, it again failed to win any seat in the parliamentary or state elections. However, the party won a seat in the
1509:, Gerakan achieved its best electoral result, winning 10 parliamentary seats and 30 state seats. On 27 August 2005, its president
1025:
8011:
7880:
7855:
6415:
5074:
1311:
415:
8273:
7910:
5235:
1184:
8073:
6642:
6499:
5325:
4951:
4646:
4601:
4574:
4547:
4520:
4493:
4466:
4422:
4395:
4368:
4341:
4314:
4287:
4239:
1044:
989:
954:
941:
555:
4823:
4671:
8278:
6921:
6799:
6316:
5968:
5743:
5477:
5472:
5392:
5166:
4998:
4921:
1395:
by taking 16 out of 24 seats, winning control from the MCA. Lim Chong Eu became Penang's Chief
Minister. Gerakan and the
7760:
6938:
6579:
6390:
6281:
5592:
5341:
5297:
5274:
5026:
3036:
1355:. Dr Lim requested that MCA be given 40 seats to contest (MCA was allocated 30 seats). He left MCA, and later set up the
747:
8298:
8061:
8051:
7439:
7395:
7378:
7232:
7134:
6632:
6573:
5923:
5868:
5738:
5698:
5572:
5397:
4943:
3046:
1479:
1460:
1408:
1356:
1204:
262:
245:
4137:
1517:
in its party election. Lim retained his party
President post after winning with 983 votes against 628 votes for Kerk.
8092:
7981:
7427:
6848:
6548:
6449:
5983:
5863:
5703:
5320:
5135:
4884:
3031:
3021:
1495:
1464:
1434:
Gerakan had continual conflicts with MCA as it challenged MCA's position as the main Chinese party within BN. In the
1269:
1559:, the party failed to improve its position and losing one its two remaining parliamentary seats. Later in the year,
8203:
8183:
8017:
7824:
7778:
6991:
6853:
6816:
6530:
6422:
6376:
6141:
5858:
5848:
5768:
5733:
5382:
5356:
5225:
5064:
3056:
3051:
3026:
3016:
2904:
2857:
2810:
2763:
2718:
2674:
2630:
2586:
2542:
2498:
2454:
2401:
1656:
1576:
1556:
1537:
1506:
1487:
1471:
1451:
1444:
1435:
1392:
1292:
1257:
889:
6950:
6518:
6294:
6134:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5351:
5176:
5059:
5003:
4160:
2951:
1595:
1288:
1284:
933:
921:
4890:
Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005). "National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence".
8197:
8067:
8027:
6472:
6462:
6183:
6121:
5683:
5678:
5658:
5522:
1352:
7898:
7836:
7792:
7098:
7057:
6870:
6833:
6567:
6428:
6409:
6217:
5517:
5482:
5407:
5361:
5240:
5145:
5031:
1584:
1340:
1197:
1010:
704:
577:
239:
7941:
7873:
7045:
6607:
6345:
5988:
5953:
5819:
5673:
5422:
5256:
5117:
1607:
1304:
1039:
343:
8126:
8120:
8039:
7923:
7796:
7569:
7325:
7244:
6882:
6838:
6561:
6542:
6524:
6442:
6339:
6310:
6306:
6287:
6227:
6003:
5913:
5723:
5402:
5369:
5346:
5315:
5220:
1396:
1018:
864:
853:
764:
731:
707:
6057:
1521:
became the new Deputy President which he won unopposed after the nomination day for the party election.
8226:
8209:
8193:
8023:
7935:
7929:
7814:
7802:
7449:
7298:
7191:
7006:
6787:
6601:
6585:
6476:
6320:
6300:
6270:
6008:
5978:
5688:
5092:
5041:
4638:
he Influence of the Type of Dominant Party on Democracy: A Comparison Between South Africa and Malaysia
4360:
he Influence of the Type of Dominant Party on Democracy: A Comparison Between South Africa and Malaysia
1716:
1533:
took over as acting president in 2007, and won the presidency uncontested in the 2008 party elections.
1142:
782:
739:
6710:
4868:
Chin, James (2006) New Chinese Leadership in Malaysia: The Contest for the MCA and Gerakan Presidency
4483:
1529:
In 2008, Lim Keng Yaik retired from politics after relinquishing the post of party president in 2007.
8045:
7947:
7891:
7499:
7407:
7040:
6619:
6554:
6327:
6047:
List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency
5933:
5728:
5718:
5648:
5587:
5442:
5245:
5161:
5102:
5036:
2440:
1802:
1603:
1300:
1261:
841:
833:
794:
636:
123:
7604:
7999:
7884:
7661:
7310:
7249:
7179:
7086:
6403:
6211:
5693:
5607:
1073:
6804:
8151:
7808:
7254:
6962:
6383:
6333:
6177:
5993:
5963:
5824:
5497:
5427:
5140:
5112:
4993:
4963:
1090:
873:
7554:
4114:
621:
8169:
7969:
7717:
7711:
7444:
7349:
7281:
7227:
6933:
6916:
6843:
6636:
6512:
6369:
6277:
5998:
5843:
5803:
5668:
5643:
5602:
5417:
5181:
5051:
1000:
978:
844:
810:
672:
657:
613:
266:
251:
4636:
4591:
4385:
4304:
4277:
4229:
8114:
7422:
7264:
7146:
6904:
6899:
6625:
6591:
6468:
6264:
6223:
6205:
6099:
6013:
5853:
5437:
5377:
5284:
5171:
5084:
4564:
4537:
4510:
4439:
4412:
4358:
4331:
4255:
4208:
1130:
1068:
1063:
983:
929:
906:
881:
823:
560:
484:
398:
7011:
4456:
1295:, where Gerakan lost all its seats, it left the coalition. The party joined the then ruling
8177:
8173:
7489:
7122:
6247:
6237:
6036:
5713:
5462:
5069:
2991:
2351:
1773:
1636:
1095:
1078:
644:
587:
550:
87:
8:
8104:
7639:
7616:
7537:
7417:
7293:
7023:
6974:
6231:
6111:
5948:
5230:
5203:
4164:
2189:
1380:
1372:
1360:
774:
189:
173:
8057:
7830:
7654:
7174:
7110:
6613:
6117:
5617:
5412:
5266:
5250:
5127:
5097:
4841:
2984:
1599:
1588:
1348:
1296:
1277:
1137:
1118:
973:
385:
363:
227:
7680:
7634:
7239:
7151:
6967:
6887:
6595:
6241:
5457:
5307:
4880:
4642:
4597:
4570:
4543:
4516:
4489:
4462:
4418:
4391:
4364:
4337:
4310:
4283:
4235:
1315:
519:
34:
1454:, Gerakan came into conflict with UMNO when it was suggested that a Malay, possibly
914:
8132:
7904:
7867:
7694:
7559:
7390:
7259:
7001:
6865:
6456:
6365:
6171:
5582:
5107:
5018:
4124:, Liberal International, www.liberal-international.org. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
2937:
2890:
2843:
2796:
2749:
2704:
2660:
2616:
2572:
2528:
2484:
1580:
1412:
1319:
1273:
963:
628:
378:
7609:
7599:
8252:
8240:
8187:
7644:
7594:
7547:
7509:
7484:
7474:
7332:
6396:
6041:
4985:
4441:
The Politics of Accommodation: An Analysis of the 1978 Malaysian General Election
4121:
1564:
1175:
1163:
1124:
968:
750:
688:
322:
7479:
7434:
7412:
7196:
6771:
5622:
5612:
2944:
2329:
2095:
1897:
1832:
1761:
1721:
1560:
1548:
to take up posts with Opposition-led state governments in Penang and Selangor.
1545:
1514:
1404:
1364:
1314:. At its height, the party's primary source of support came from the country's
1229:
356:
177:
163:
7532:
6979:
6352:
4805:"Former BN party Gerakan joins Malaysia's ruling Perikatan Nasional coalition"
8262:
7589:
7579:
7504:
7028:
6251:
5638:
4485:
Non-sectarian Politics in Malaysia: The Case of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
2803:
2756:
2711:
2667:
2623:
2579:
2233:
2125:
1785:
1541:
1510:
1475:
1455:
1439:
1427:
1100:
785:
742:
109:
7649:
7574:
7494:
7469:
7069:
6753:
6489:
5663:
5577:
4969:
4965:
4387:
Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary
4279:
Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary
4225:
2897:
2850:
2535:
2491:
2447:
2282:
2255:
2211:
1530:
1518:
1499:
1483:
1344:
1323:
1299:
in 2021. It had no representation at the national or state-level until the
1276:(BN), the ruling coalition of Malaysia until 2018. It has been a member of
1237:
1105:
1084:
734:
723:
696:
601:
469:
454:
280:
185:
1490:, Gerakan bounced back, winning 7 parliamentary seats and 23 state seats.
505:
7686:
7564:
7527:
7385:
7064:
6996:
6087:
4694:"Will a party rejuvenation program save Gerakan from its impending doom?"
1368:
665:
352:
193:
8247:
4723:
4186:"Gerakan in tough position within Perikatan over brewery donation issue"
1170:
7320:
7203:
7052:
6740:
6700:
1249:
348:
312:
302:
7035:
6359:
5204:
Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies
4562:
4535:
1645:
7117:
7093:
6811:
4946:
1423:
1400:
1347:
resigned his position as president after conflict with UMNO leader
1253:
368:
1383:, and later Lim took over the presidency which lasted until 1980.
1272:. In 1972, Gerakan joined the Alliance Party, which later became
7584:
7402:
7366:
7305:
7276:
7215:
7208:
7186:
7169:
7105:
6957:
6945:
6911:
6894:
6877:
6823:
6794:
6782:
6536:
4132:
4130:
1376:
4589:
4481:
7373:
7356:
7344:
7288:
7141:
7081:
7018:
6928:
6860:
1652:
List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2023–present)
1467:
and overtook Gerakan as the second largest party in the state.
1265:
715:
4127:
7129:
6986:
4906:
1738:
1700:
1563:
took over as president after beating Penang Gerakan chairman
1419:
1318:
who constitute 80% of the party's membership, with 15% being
1303:, where the party achieved its first electoral victory since
533:
4661:
7854:
7269:
4618:"Sdr Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon (President from 2007 to 2013)"
4566:
Malaysia's 1986 General Election: The Urban-rural Dichotomy
4539:
Malaysia's 1986 General Election: The Urban-rural Dichotomy
4593:
The City in Southeast Asia: Patterns, Processes and Policy
4282:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 603–605.
1474:, it suffered a setback when Lim Chong Eu was defeated by
1606:, which is the party's first electoral victory since the
1544:
and Lee Kah Choon, went over to the opposition coalition
307:
Socio-Economic Development And Research Institute (SEDAR)
4758:
7759:
4461:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 9–11.
4444:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 58–59.
5799:
United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK)
5433:
Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)
1625:
Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament
874:
High Court in Malaya ∙ High Court in Sabah and Sarawak
8224:
8091:
6088:
Member parties of international liberal organisations
5478:
Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)
4390:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 634.
4309:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 259.
2158:
5974:
United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)
4761:"Gerakan: Mah Siew Keong is the new party president"
4515:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 50.
4417:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 12.
6743:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
6702:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4302:
1646:Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)
1256:.Formed in 1968, Gerakan gained prominence in the
5939:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)
5555:
4779:"Do more to win people over, Najib urges Gerakan"
8260:
5293:United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)
4563:Sankaran Ramanathan; Mohd. Hamdan Adnan (1990).
4536:Sankaran Ramanathan; Mohd. Hamdan Adnan (1990).
4508:
4454:
4410:
5709:United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)
5654:Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)
5009:United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)
4488:. Trafalgar Publishing House. pp. 84, 90.
4384:Cheah Kooi Guan (2012). Leo Suryadinata (ed.).
4383:
4276:Cheah Kooi Guan (2012). Leo Suryadinata (ed.).
4275:
4158:
5473:Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)
4759:L. Suganya; D. Kanyakumari (26 October 2013).
4662:Dharmender Singh; Chritina Tan (29 May 2008).
4271:
4269:
8269:Observer parties of the Liberal International
6726:
6073:
5889:Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)
5352:Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)
4929:
4821:
4437:
1418:In 1973, a number of former MCA members from
1205:
7876:(represented through two individual members)
5453:Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)
5388:Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)
5326:Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)
5236:All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF)
4634:
4569:. Institute of Southeast Asian. p. 58.
4542:. Institute of Southeast Asian. p. 29.
4356:
4329:
4198:
1426:who were expelled from the party, including
1367:, Dr. J.B.A. Peter, Lim Chong Eu, Professor
8150:
5859:Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)
5744:Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)
5167:Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)
5136:Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)
4590:Peter James Rimmer; Howard W. Dick (2009).
4482:Neil Jin Keong Khor; Kay Peng Khoo (2008).
4266:
2370:
7968:
6733:
6719:
6080:
6066:
5864:Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)
5573:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)
5468:Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)
5027:United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
4936:
4922:
1613:
1463:which increased its representation in the
1287:, but Its fortune declined sharply in the
1212:
1198:
6098:
5929:Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)
5904:United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)
5699:United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)
5659:Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)
5398:Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)
5383:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
5357:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
5321:Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)
5060:United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)
4824:"Gerakan to contest under Perikatan logo"
2999:
1391:The party won the state of Penang in the
5984:Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)
5704:United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)
5684:Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)
5518:Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)
5226:Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)
4336:. Scarecrow Press. pp. ixvi–ixvii.
4220:
4218:
7856:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
5969:Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)
5909:Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)
5849:North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)
5769:Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)
5523:Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)
5493:Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)
5146:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)
4724:"Gerakan still has a role to play: Koh"
4596:. Univ of Hawaii Pr. pp. 123–124.
1312:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
724:House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)
416:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
8261:
5954:Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)
5924:Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)
5774:Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)
5403:Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)
5275:Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)
8289:Political parties established in 1968
8149:
8090:
7967:
7853:
7758:
6714:
6699:
6097:
6061:
5944:Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)
5874:Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)
5784:Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)
5734:Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)
5679:Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)
5593:Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)
5554:
5483:Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)
5316:Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)
5202:
5177:Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM)
4962:
4917:
4215:
4192:
990:List of political parties in Malaysia
5914:United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)
5764:Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)
5649:Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)
5632:Defunct former parliamentary parties
5241:Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP)
5093:Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)
5065:Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)
4872:(CSEA), Vol. 28, No. 1 (April 2006).
4306:Indian Communities in Southeast Asia
4159:Minderjeet Kaur (11 February 2021).
1351:over the allocation of seats in the
7761:Liberal South East European Network
5879:Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)
5754:National Association of Perak (NAP)
5448:Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)
5257:Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)
5032:Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
4224:
1322:, and the remaining spread between
13:
8304:Multiracialist parties in Malaysia
5989:Community Coalition Congress (CCC)
5959:Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)
5899:United People's Party (1976) (UPP)
5820:Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)
5779:Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)
5535:Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)
5528:Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)
5423:Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)
5370:Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)
5221:Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)
5075:Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)
4877:Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics
2159:List of party leaders (Presidents)
1486:taking over the position. In the
1409:Parti Keadilan Masyarakat Malaysia
1291:. Following the fall of BN in the
600:
226:Legalised as 'political party' by
14:
8315:
8093:Liberal Network for Latin America
5934:Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)
5724:Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)
5463:Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)
5443:Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)
5408:Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)
5347:Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)
5042:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)
4898:
4822:Lo Tern Chern (26 October 2022).
4700:. 29 October 2013. Archived from
4641:. Springer VS. pp. 106–108.
4199:Suthakar, K. (20 November 2006).
4140:. New Straits Times. 23 June 2018
4138:"Gerakan leaves Barisan Nasional"
1268:and won the majority of seats in
1226:Malaysian People's Movement Party
439:(Forward Together with One Heart)
279:8, Jalan Pudu Ulu, Cheras, 56100
26:Malaysian People's Movement Party
8246:
8234:
7731:
7730:
7433:
7401:
7384:
7372:
7355:
7343:
7331:
7319:
7304:
7287:
7275:
7238:
7226:
7214:
7202:
7185:
7168:
7140:
7128:
7116:
7104:
7092:
7080:
7063:
7051:
7034:
7017:
6985:
6973:
6956:
6944:
6927:
6910:
6893:
6876:
6859:
6822:
6810:
6793:
6781:
6032:* denotes non-registered parties
6009:Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)
5979:Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)
5689:Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)
5362:People's Alternative Party (PAP)
5118:Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)
5103:Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)
4945:
4512:Malaysia's 1982 General Election
4458:Malaysia's 1982 General Election
4414:Malaysia's 1982 General Election
4303:K S Sandhu, A Mani, ed. (1993).
4234:. Scarecrow Press. p. 106.
2972:
2926:
2925:
2879:
2878:
2832:
2831:
2785:
2784:
2737:
2693:
2692:
2648:
2604:
2561:
2560:
2517:
2516:
2473:
2472:
2423:
2422:
1693:
1657:Kedah State Legislative Assembly
1169:
1157:
913:
890:Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak
714:
687:
664:
620:
518:
504:
33:
8294:Political parties of minorities
8284:1968 establishments in Malaysia
5919:Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)
5884:Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)
5719:Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)
5674:National Convention Party (NCP)
5342:Malaysian Indian People’s Party
5246:Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)
5037:Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)
4834:
4815:
4797:
4771:
4752:
4734:
4716:
4686:
4664:"Gerakan's Tan 'joins' Pakatan"
4655:
4628:
4610:
4583:
4556:
4529:
4502:
4475:
4448:
4431:
4404:
4377:
4350:
4323:
2979:No representation in Parliament
2932:No representation in Parliament
1725:
1596:2022 Malaysian general election
1587:, which it lost. It joined the
1570:
922:Election Commission of Malaysia
18:Political party in Malaysia
5608:Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)
5488:Malaysian National Party (PNM)
5298:Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
5113:Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)
4296:
4248:
4178:
4152:
4108:
2973:
2738:
2649:
2605:
1:
8274:Political parties in Malaysia
7953:*associate member **observer
5869:Social Democratic Party (SDP)
5844:Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)
5825:Malayan Communist Party (MCP)
5739:United Democratic Party (UDP)
5729:People's Justice Front (AKAR)
5644:Sarawak National Party (SNAP)
5556:Defunct parties and coalition
5508:Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)
5498:Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)
5438:Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)
5428:Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)
5393:People's Welfare Party (KITA)
5141:Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)
5004:National Trust Party (AMANAH)
4994:Democratic Action Party (DAP)
4952:Political parties in Malaysia
4622:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
4260:Parti Gerakan Rakyak Malaysia
4115:Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party
4102:
1749:
1585:2019 Tanjung Piai by-election
1583:, the party contested in the
1513:was challenged by the Deputy
1341:Malaysian Chinese Association
1234:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
1019:Chief ministers of the states
240:Malaysian Chinese Association
70:Malēciya makkaḷ iyakkak kaṭci
45:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
5999:Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)
5804:Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)
5789:Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)
5749:Muslim League of Malaya (ML)
5714:Sabah National Party (SANAP)
5669:Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)
5532:Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)
5503:People First Party (URPARTI)
5418:Malaysian United Party (MUP)
5052:Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)
4999:People's Justice Party (PKR)
4256:"The Early Years, 1968–1972"
3061:Total won / Total contested
1608:2014 Telok Intan by-election
1591:coalition in February 2021.
1524:
1386:
1334:
1260:when it defeated the ruling
7:
8279:Liberal parties in Malaysia
6752:European Parliament group:
6014:Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)
5854:Selangor Labour Party (SLP)
5794:Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)
5378:Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)
5374:Socialist Alternative (SA)*
5285:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
5214:Friends of Barisan Nasional
5172:Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)
5085:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
4964:Parties represented in the
4870:Contemporary Southeast Asia
4363:. Springer VS. p. 99.
4201:"PPP offers Gerakan merger"
3011:State Legislative Assembly
1618:
1397:Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party
865:Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim
708:Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah
67:மலேசிய மக்கள் இயக்கக் கட்சி
10:
8320:
5994:Sabah People's Front (SPF)
5964:Sabah People's Party (PRS)
5513:Barisan Penyatuan Nasional
5366:Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)
5251:Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)
5070:Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)
3010:
1929:Central Committee members:
1781:Deputy National President:
1649:
1622:
1329:
1270:Penang's state legislature
58:Mǎláixīyà mínzhèng yùndòng
8299:Chinese-Malaysian culture
8158:
8145:
8099:
8086:
7976:
7963:
7862:
7849:
7767:
7754:
7726:
7704:
7671:
7627:
7518:
7500:Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck
7462:
7160:
6769:
6762:
6750:
6708:
6695:
6106:
6093:
6030:
5949:Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)
5894:Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)
5812:
5631:
5565:
5561:
5550:
5334:
5306:
5283:
5265:
5231:Love Malaysia Party (PCM)
5213:
5209:
5198:
5154:
5126:
5083:
5050:
5017:
4984:
4980:
4958:
4879:. Pelanduk Publications.
4509:Harold A. Crouch (1982).
4455:Harold A. Crouch (1982).
4411:Harold A. Crouch (1982).
3007:
2174:
2082:Federal Territory :
1922:Syed Nor Azman Syed Daros
1857:Deputy Secretary-General:
1803:Baljit Singh Jigiri Singh
1735:
1686:
1604:2023 Kedah state election
1301:2023 Kedah state election
546:
531:
526:
517:
512:
503:
498:
483:
468:
453:
443:
432:
421:
411:
395:International affiliation
394:
374:
362:
342:
331:
321:
311:
301:
287:
275:
258:
234:
219:
207:
199:
169:
159:
149:
124:Baljit Singh Jigiri Singh
115:
105:
93:
83:
75:
63:
51:
41:
32:
23:
7771:Bosnia and Herzegovina:
7705:Affiliated organisations
7662:Von der Leyen Commission
7570:Valery Giscard d'Estaing
6126:Bosnia and Herzegovina:
6004:Human Rights Party (HRP)
5413:Penang Front Party (PFP)
5162:Heritage Party (WARISAN)
5098:United Sabah Party (PBS)
4875:Goh, Cheng Teik (1994).
4862:
2371:General election results
1675:Parliament Constituency
1632:His Majesty's appointee:
1496:Penang State Legislature
1379:president was Professor
748:Leader of the Opposition
740:Leader of the Government
576:This article is part of
8152:Arab Liberal Federation
7674:at the European Council
7161:Member parties (non-EU)
5759:Radical Party (RADICAL)
5664:National Party (Negara)
5618:Barisan Alternatif (BA)
5458:Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)
5308:Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA)
5267:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
5128:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
4120:26 October 2011 at the
2112:Negeri Sembilan :
2044:Raymond Cham Choon Fatt
1614:Elected representatives
1480:Democratic Action Party
1461:Democratic Action Party
1357:United Democratic Party
1339:In 1959, the leader of
1058:Ideologies and concepts
437:Satu Hati Gerak Bersama
364:Political position
263:United Democratic Party
246:United Democratic Party
7970:Africa Liberal Network
7718:European Liberal Forum
7712:European Liberal Youth
7628:European Commissioners
5108:Love Sabah Party (PCS)
4438:Ismail Kassim (1978).
4333:The A to Z of Malaysia
4231:The A to Z of Malaysia
3000:State election results
2056:Joseph Khoo Kha Sheang
1994:Puvaniten M Helangovan
1910:Prabagaran Vythilingam
1594:Gerakan contested the
845:Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat
811:Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar
673:Parliament of Malaysia
605:
252:Labour Party of Malaya
228:Registrar Of Societies
7362:RPR-PARNAS/РПР-ПАРНАС
6100:Liberal International
5830:Revolutionary Faction
5813:Other defunct parties
5019:Barisan Nasional (BN)
4635:Malte Kaßner (2014).
4357:Malte Kaßner (2014).
4330:Keat Gin Ooi (2010).
1577:2018 general election
1557:2013 general election
1538:2008 general election
1507:2004 general election
1488:1995 general election
1472:1990 general election
1465:Penang state assembly
1452:1986 general election
1445:1982 general election
1436:1978 general election
1393:1969 general election
1353:1959 general election
1293:2018 general election
1285:2004 general election
1258:1969 general election
882:Chief Judge of Malaya
697:Senate (Dewan Negara)
629:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
604:
485:Dewan Undangan Negeri
406:Alliance of Democrats
399:Liberal International
214:Officially registered
47:ڤرتي ڬرقن رعيت مليسيا
7555:Jean-François Pintat
7490:Uffe Ellemann-Jensen
6037:Politics of Malaysia
5603:Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)
5583:Socialist Front (SF)
4986:Pakatan Harapan (PH)
2992:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
2393:Outcome of election
2352:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
2144:Henry Teoh Kien Hong
2138:Alexander Lo Su Hyen
2108:Michael Gan Peng Lam
1818:Parameswaran Ganason
1808:Alexander Lo Su Hyen
1774:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
1637:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
1244:or less commonly as
645:Conference of Rulers
551:Politics of Malaysia
412:Regional affiliation
375:National affiliation
136:Parameswaran Ganason
128:Alexander Lo Su Hyen
88:Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
8004:Equatorial Guinea:
7672:Heads of government
7617:European Parliament
7538:Cornelis Berkhouwer
7519:European Parliament
6257:Equatorial Guinea:
5623:Pakatan Rakyat (PR)
5613:Gagasan Rakyat (GR)
5588:Alliance Party (AP)
4842:"Former Presidents"
4811:. 12 February 2021.
4165:Free Malaysia Today
2885:Governing coalition
2838:Governing coalition
2791:Governing coalition
2744:Governing coalition
2699:Governing coalition
2655:Governing coalition
2611:Governing coalition
2567:Governing coalition
2523:Governing coalition
2479:Governing coalition
2435:Governing coalition
2190:Syed Hussein Alatas
2120:Ranndy Yap Kim Heng
1974:Dennis Gan Thau Onn
1969:Jimmy Chew Jyh Gang
1869:National Treasurer:
1813:Ranndy Yap Kim Heng
1769:National President:
1709:Kulim-Bandar Baharu
1681:State Constituency
1381:Syed Hussein Alatas
1361:Syed Hussain Alatas
1252:political party in
1176:Politics portal
1164:Malaysia portal
942:Electoral districts
190:Veerappen Veerathan
174:Syed Hussein Alatas
132:Ranndy Yap Kim Heng
7655:Margrethe Vestager
7265:Girchi-MF/გირჩი-მთ
5639:Malayan Party (MP)
5566:Defunct coalitions
4704:on 15 January 2018
4674:on 9 December 2017
4161:"Gerakan joins PN"
2985:Perikatan Nasional
2148:Terengganu :
1989:Peilin Ooi Pei Nar
1845:Secretary-General:
1600:Perikatan Nasional
1589:Perikatan Nasional
1349:Tunku Abdul Rahman
1326:and other groups.
1297:Perikatan Nasional
1278:Perikatan Nasional
1138:Malaysian Malaysia
1119:Dayaks in politics
1026:State legislatures
893:Abdul Rahman Sebli
606:
386:Perikatan Nasional
8222:
8221:
8218:
8217:
8141:
8140:
8082:
8081:
7959:
7958:
7845:
7844:
7813:North Macedonia:
7750:
7749:
7744:
7743:
7681:Alexander De Croo
7605:Stéphane Séjourné
7458:
7457:
6691:
6690:
6670:Netherlands Group
6649:National groups:
6505:North Macedonia:
6055:
6054:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6021:
5694:Semangat 46 (S46)
5578:Labour Front (LF)
5546:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5189:
4809:The Straits Times
4742:"Gerakan Matters"
4648:978-3-658-04437-4
4603:978-0-8248-3313-8
4576:978-981-3035-12-6
4549:978-981-3035-12-6
4522:978-9971-902-45-2
4495:978-983-43245-1-3
4468:978-9971-902-45-2
4424:978-9971-902-45-2
4397:978-981-4345-21-7
4370:978-3-658-04437-4
4343:978-0-8108-7641-5
4316:978-981-210-017-7
4289:978-981-4345-21-7
4241:978-0-8108-7641-5
4211:on 11 March 2007.
4099:
4098:
2997:
2996:
2368:
2367:
2357:17 November 2018
2338:17 November 2018
2114:Gary Lee Ban Fatt
1959:Chandra Balabedha
1862:Wendy Subramaniam
1828:Gary Lee Ban Fatt
1747:
1746:
1443:in 1984). In the
1403:, Veerappen, and
1280:(PN) since 2021.
1222:
1221:
1113:Race and politics
1091:Malay nationalism
1040:Local governments
1011:State governments
956:Political parties
930:General elections
591:
569:
568:
556:Political parties
271:
144:Gary Lee Ban Fatt
95:Secretary-General
8311:
8251:
8250:
8239:
8238:
8237:
8230:
8147:
8146:
8088:
8087:
7965:
7964:
7851:
7850:
7756:
7755:
7734:
7733:
7695:European Council
7560:Martin Bangemann
7551:
7521:Group Presidents
7463:Party Presidents
7438:
7437:
7406:
7405:
7389:
7388:
7377:
7376:
7360:
7359:
7348:
7347:
7336:
7335:
7324:
7323:
7309:
7308:
7292:
7291:
7280:
7279:
7243:
7242:
7231:
7230:
7219:
7218:
7207:
7206:
7190:
7189:
7173:
7172:
7145:
7144:
7133:
7132:
7121:
7120:
7109:
7108:
7097:
7096:
7085:
7084:
7068:
7067:
7056:
7055:
7039:
7038:
7022:
7021:
6990:
6989:
6978:
6977:
6961:
6960:
6949:
6948:
6932:
6931:
6915:
6914:
6898:
6897:
6881:
6880:
6864:
6863:
6827:
6826:
6815:
6814:
6798:
6797:
6786:
6785:
6770:Member parties (
6767:
6766:
6756:
6744:
6735:
6728:
6721:
6712:
6711:
6697:
6696:
6631:United Kingdom:
6602:FDP.The Liberals
6095:
6094:
6082:
6075:
6068:
6059:
6058:
5837:Marxist-Leninist
5563:
5562:
5552:
5551:
5211:
5210:
5200:
5199:
4982:
4981:
4974:State Assemblies
4960:
4959:
4950:
4949:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4907:Official website
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4785:. 9 October 2016
4775:
4769:
4768:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4670:. Archived from
4659:
4653:
4652:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4273:
4264:
4263:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4222:
4213:
4212:
4207:. Archived from
4196:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4134:
4125:
4112:
4094:
4081:
4074:
4063:
4056:
4044:
4027:
4020:
4004:
3995:
3969:
3958:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3784:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3714:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3644:
3635:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3579:
3570:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3514:
3505:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3459:
3450:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3394:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3324:
3309:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3274:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3219:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3005:
3004:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2959:
2941:
2938:Barisan Nasional
2929:
2928:
2912:
2894:
2891:Barisan Nasional
2882:
2881:
2865:
2847:
2844:Barisan Nasional
2835:
2834:
2818:
2800:
2797:Barisan Nasional
2788:
2787:
2771:
2753:
2750:Barisan Nasional
2741:
2740:
2726:
2708:
2705:Barisan Nasional
2696:
2695:
2682:
2664:
2661:Barisan Nasional
2652:
2651:
2638:
2620:
2617:Barisan Nasional
2608:
2607:
2594:
2576:
2573:Barisan Nasional
2564:
2563:
2550:
2532:
2529:Barisan Nasional
2520:
2519:
2506:
2488:
2485:Barisan Nasional
2476:
2475:
2462:
2444:
2426:
2425:
2409:
2396:Election leader
2384:Seats contested
2381:Total seats won
2375:
2374:
2335:26 October 2013
2163:
2162:
2142:Selangor :
2100:Kelantan :
2034:Cheang Chee Gooi
1743:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1581:Barisan Nasional
1413:Barisan Nasional
1274:Barisan Nasional
1214:
1207:
1200:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1003:
957:
917:
909:
826:
767:
718:
691:
668:
660:
637:Ibrahim Iskandar
624:
616:
594:
589:
581:
571:
570:
542:
539:
537:
535:
522:
508:
493:
478:
463:
427:
403:
390:
383:
379:Barisan Nasional
335:
269:
259:Preceded by
230:
215:
106:Deputy President
96:
37:
21:
20:
8319:
8318:
8314:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8245:
8235:
8233:
8225:
8223:
8214:
8154:
8137:
8095:
8078:
7998:Côte d'Ivoire:
7972:
7955:
7858:
7841:
7763:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7722:
7700:
7673:
7667:
7645:Didier Reynders
7623:
7622:
7595:Guy Verhofstadt
7545:
7520:
7514:
7510:Hans van Baalen
7485:Willy De Clercq
7475:Willy De Clercq
7454:
7432:
7400:
7383:
7371:
7367:Yabloko/Я́блоко
7354:
7342:
7330:
7318:
7303:
7286:
7274:
7237:
7225:
7213:
7201:
7184:
7167:
7156:
7139:
7127:
7115:
7103:
7091:
7079:
7062:
7050:
7033:
7016:
6984:
6972:
6955:
6943:
6926:
6909:
6892:
6875:
6858:
6821:
6809:
6792:
6780:
6758:
6754:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6704:
6687:
6654:Brazilian Group
6397:Future Movement
6210:Côte d'Ivoire:
6102:
6089:
6086:
6056:
6051:
6042:Politics portal
6033:
6018:
5808:
5627:
5557:
5538:
5330:
5302:
5279:
5261:
5205:
5186:
5150:
5122:
5079:
5046:
5013:
4976:
4954:
4944:
4942:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4865:
4860:
4850:
4848:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4820:
4816:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4757:
4753:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4707:
4705:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4633:
4629:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4604:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4561:
4557:
4550:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4507:
4503:
4496:
4480:
4476:
4469:
4453:
4449:
4436:
4432:
4425:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4382:
4378:
4371:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4274:
4267:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4223:
4216:
4197:
4193:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4169:
4167:
4157:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4122:Wayback Machine
4113:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4092:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4045:
4042:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4005:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3970:
3967:
3959:
3956:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3785:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3715:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3645:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
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3589:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3562:
3559:
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3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3515:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3460:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3395:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3325:
3322:
3310:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3275:
3272:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3220:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3042:Negeri Sembilan
3008:State election
3002:
2982:
2981:
2960:
2957:
2935:
2934:
2913:
2910:
2888:
2887:
2866:
2863:
2841:
2840:
2819:
2816:
2794:
2793:
2772:
2769:
2747:
2746:
2727:
2724:
2702:
2701:
2683:
2680:
2658:
2657:
2639:
2636:
2614:
2613:
2595:
2592:
2570:
2569:
2551:
2548:
2526:
2525:
2507:
2504:
2482:
2481:
2463:
2460:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2410:
2407:
2390:Share of votes
2373:
2314:26 October 2013
2288:4 October 2008
2175:Term of office
2161:
2156:
2132:Chek Kwong Weng
2106:Malacca :
2078:State Chairman:
2071:Chang Soon Tiew
2061:Lim Thuang Seng
2039:Chua Chong Yong
1949:Ch'ng Boon Chye
1934:Woo Cheong Yuen
1917:Deputy Speaker:
1823:Chek Kwong Weng
1793:Vice President:
1752:
1736:
1694:
1692:
1664:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1643:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1598:as part of the
1573:
1565:Teng Chang Yeow
1527:
1407:, left to form
1389:
1337:
1332:
1218:
1189:
1185:Other countries
1180:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1143:Social contract
1125:Ketuanan Melayu
1110:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1035:
1005:
1001:
993:
992:
988:
959:
955:
947:
946:
938:
911:
907:
899:
898:
897:
869:
854:Court of Appeal
849:
828:
824:
816:
815:
808:Chief Secretary
790:
769:
765:
757:
756:
755:
751:Hamzah Zainudin
712:
685:
681:15th Parliament
662:
658:
650:
649:
641:
618:
614:
592:
588:
575:
565:
532:
499:Election symbol
494:
491:
479:
476:
464:
461:
428:Red & Green
425:
404:
401:
388:
384:
381:
355:
351:
333:
292:
265:
249:
243:
235:Split from
225:
224:
213:
212:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
142:
140:Chek Kwong Weng
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
94:
68:
56:
46:
28:
27:
19:
12:
11:
5:
8317:
8307:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8256:
8255:
8243:
8220:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8206:
8200:
8190:
8180:
8166:
8159:
8156:
8155:
8143:
8142:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8129:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8084:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8076:
8070:
8064:
8054:
8050:South Africa:
8048:
8042:
8036:
8030:
8020:
8014:
8008:
8002:
7996:
7990:
7986:Burkina Faso:
7984:
7977:
7974:
7973:
7961:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7950:
7944:
7938:
7932:
7926:
7920:
7913:
7907:
7901:
7895:
7888:
7877:
7870:
7863:
7860:
7859:
7847:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7839:
7833:
7827:
7821:
7811:
7805:
7799:
7785:
7775:
7768:
7765:
7764:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7747:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7720:
7715:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7690:
7684:
7677:
7675:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7665:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7640:Janez Lenarčič
7637:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7624:
7621:
7620:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7524:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7480:Colette Flesch
7477:
7472:
7466:
7464:
7460:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7398:
7393:
7381:
7369:
7364:
7352:
7340:
7328:
7316:
7313:
7301:
7296:
7284:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7235:
7223:
7211:
7199:
7194:
7182:
7177:
7164:
7162:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7149:
7137:
7125:
7113:
7101:
7089:
7077:
7072:
7060:
7048:
7043:
7031:
7026:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6982:
6970:
6965:
6953:
6941:
6936:
6924:
6919:
6907:
6902:
6890:
6885:
6873:
6868:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6819:
6807:
6802:
6790:
6777:
6775:
6764:
6760:
6759:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6738:
6737:
6730:
6723:
6715:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6647:
6646:
6639:
6629:
6622:
6616:
6610:
6604:
6598:
6588:
6582:
6576:
6572:South Africa:
6570:
6564:
6558:
6551:
6545:
6539:
6533:
6527:
6521:
6515:
6509:
6503:
6496:
6486:
6479:
6465:
6459:
6453:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6419:
6412:
6406:
6400:
6393:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6362:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6336:
6330:
6324:
6313:
6303:
6297:
6291:
6284:
6274:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6244:
6234:
6220:
6214:
6208:
6202:
6187:
6180:
6174:
6168:
6162:
6155:
6150:Burkina Faso:
6148:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6114:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6062:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5822:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5569:
5567:
5559:
5558:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5372:
5367:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5217:
5215:
5207:
5206:
5196:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5130:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
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4899:External links
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4846:gerakan.org.my
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4730:. 26 May 2008.
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2267:4 October 2008
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2029:Azmar Md Ilias
2026:
2024:Chin Phen Fong
2021:
2019:Tan Heng Choon
2016:
2011:
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1546:Pakatan Rakyat
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6447:
6444:
6440:
6437:
6433:
6430:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6417:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6341:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6302:
6301:Liberal Party
6298:
6296:
6292:
6289:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6181:
6179:
6178:Liberal Party
6175:
6173:
6169:
6167:
6163:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6149:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6129:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6101:
6096:
6092:
6083:
6078:
6076:
6071:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5833:
5831:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5598:Barisan Sabah
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5553:
5549:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:Other parties
5333:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5201:
5197:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:Other parties
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4948:
4939:
4934:
4932:
4927:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4908:
4903:
4902:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:967-978-475-4
4882:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4784:
4780:
4774:
4766:
4762:
4755:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4729:
4728:The Sun Daily
4725:
4719:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4658:
4650:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4605:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4532:
4524:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4505:
4497:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4478:
4470:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4380:
4372:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4272:
4270:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4243:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4226:Ooi, Keat Gin
4221:
4219:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4195:
4187:
4181:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4000:
3998:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3780:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3710:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3640:
3638:
3631:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3575:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3510:
3508:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3390:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3305:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3215:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3090:2/3 majority
3089:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3006:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:Lim Keng Yaik
2802:
2798:
2792:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:Lim Keng Yaik
2755:
2751:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2712:Lim Keng Yaik
2710:
2706:
2700:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:Lim Keng Yaik
2666:
2662:
2656:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:Lim Keng Yaik
2622:
2618:
2612:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:Lim Keng Yaik
2578:
2574:
2568:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2304:Chang Ko Youn
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2242:8 April 2007
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2234:Lim Keng Yaik
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2136:Sabah :
2135:
2133:
2130:Perak :
2129:
2127:
2126:Oh Tong Keong
2123:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:Chung Mon Sie
2099:
2097:
2094:Kedah :
2093:
2091:
2088:Johor :
2087:
2085:
2084:Lau Hoi Keong
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Ching Su Chen
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Teoh Chin Wan
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Tan Chin Hock
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Chai Ko Thing
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:Chung Mon Sie
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:Chung Mon Sie
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:Koo Shiaw Lee
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1786:Oh Tong Keong
1784:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1542:Tan Kee Kwong
1539:
1534:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:Lim Keng Yaik
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:Lim Kit Siang
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1456:Anwar Ibrahim
1453:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1440:Lee San Choon
1437:
1432:
1429:
1428:Lim Keng Yaik
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:2008 election
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Islam Hadhari
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
997:
996:
991:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
958:
951:
950:
943:
940:
939:
935:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
919:
918:
916:
910:
903:
902:
894:
891:
888:
886:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
871:
870:
866:
863:
860:
859:
856:
855:
851:
850:
846:
843:
842:Chief Justice
840:
839:
836:
835:
834:Federal Court
831:
830:
827:
820:
819:
812:
809:
806:
805:
801:
797:
796:
795:Civil service
792:
791:
787:
786:Anwar Ibrahim
784:
781:
780:
777:
776:
772:
771:
768:
761:
760:
752:
749:
746:
744:
743:Anwar Ibrahim
741:
738:
736:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
721:
720:
719:
717:
709:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
694:
693:
692:
690:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
670:
669:
667:
661:
654:
653:
646:
643:
642:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
626:
625:
623:
617:
615:Head of State
610:
609:
603:
599:
598:
595:
586:
585:
582:
579:
573:
572:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
545:
541:
530:
525:
521:
516:
511:
507:
502:
497:
489:
486:
482:
474:
471:
467:
459:
456:
452:
449:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
424:
420:
417:
414:
410:
407:
400:
397:
393:
387:
380:
377:
373:
370:
367:
365:
361:
358:
354:
350:
347:
345:
341:
337:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
304:
300:
296:
291:GERAKAN Today
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
247:
241:
237:
233:
229:
222:
218:
210:
206:
203:24 March 1968
202:
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
155:
154:Chung Mon Sie
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:Koo Shiaw Lee
118:
114:
111:
110:Oh Tong Keong
108:
104:
101:
98:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
66:
62:
59:
54:
50:
44:
40:
36:
31:
22:
16:
8113:Costa Rica:
8044:Seychelles:
8032:Mozambique:
8010:Madagascar:
7952:
7940:ROC Taiwan:
7692:
7659:
7650:Kadri Simson
7635:Věra Jourová
7614:
7575:Yves Galland
7543:Jean Durieux
7495:Werner Hoyer
7470:Gaston Thorn
6755:Renew Europe
6684:
6660:German Group
6648:
6553:Seychelles:
6481:Mozambique:
6461:Montenegro:
6414:Madagascar:
6408:Luxembourg:
6204:Costa Rica:
5834:
5827:
4970:Dewan Rakyat
4966:Dewan Negara
4891:
4876:
4869:
4849:. Retrieved
4845:
4836:
4827:
4817:
4808:
4799:
4787:. Retrieved
4782:
4773:
4764:
4754:
4745:
4736:
4727:
4718:
4706:. Retrieved
4702:the original
4697:
4688:
4676:. Retrieved
4672:the original
4667:
4657:
4637:
4630:
4621:
4612:
4592:
4585:
4565:
4558:
4538:
4531:
4511:
4504:
4484:
4477:
4457:
4450:
4440:
4433:
4413:
4406:
4386:
4379:
4359:
4352:
4332:
4325:
4305:
4298:
4278:
4259:
4250:
4230:
4209:the original
4204:
4194:
4180:
4168:. Retrieved
4154:
4142:. Retrieved
4110:
2978:
2931:
2898:Koh Tsu Koon
2884:
2851:Koh Tsu Koon
2837:
2790:
2743:
2698:
2654:
2610:
2566:
2536:Lim Chong Eu
2522:
2492:Lim Chong Eu
2478:
2448:Lim Chong Eu
2434:
2428:
2387:Total votes
2360:
2350:
2328:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2291:16 May 2013
2283:Koh Tsu Koon
2281:
2266:
2262:8 April 2007
2261:
2256:Koh Tsu Koon
2254:
2232:
2212:Lim Chong Eu
2210:
2188:
2150:Tan Lee Ngee
2090:Teo Kok Chee
2077:
2050:
2014:Loke Ah Hong
2009:Yap Kea Ping
2004:Gan Kim Keng
1954:Sin Koon Yen
1939:Tan Lee Ngee
1928:
1916:
1904:
1892:
1880:
1874:Hng Chee Wey
1868:
1856:
1850:Loh Kah Yong
1844:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1737:
1655:
1631:
1593:
1574:
1571:2018–present
1554:
1550:
1535:
1531:Koh Tsu Koon
1528:
1519:Koh Tsu Koon
1504:
1500:Kuala Lumpur
1492:
1484:Koh Tsu Koon
1469:
1449:
1433:
1417:
1390:
1345:Lim Chong Eu
1338:
1309:
1282:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1223:
1131:
1123:
1112:
1111:
1106:Asian values
1085:Rukun Negara
1083:
1074:Conservatism
1038:
1009:
920:
884:
872:
852:
832:
793:
773:
735:Johari Abdul
722:
713:
695:
686:
671:
627:
574:
470:Dewan Rakyat
455:Dewan Negara
447:
436:
389:(since 2021)
323:Women's wing
295:e-periodical
294:
281:Kuala Lumpur
276:Headquarters
267:Labour Party
223:28 May 1968
211:22 May 1968
186:Lim Chong Eu
182:J.B.A. Peter
100:Loh Kah Yong
79:PGRM/GERAKAN
76:Abbreviation
69:
57:
52:Chinese name
15:
8119:Guatemala:
8103:Argentina:
7934:Sri Lanka:
7928:Singapore:
7879:Indonesia:
7872:Hong Kong:
7687:Kaja Kallas
7565:Simone Veil
7546: [
7533:René Pleven
7528:Yvon Delbos
7428:Holos/Голос
6963:Liberálisok
6685:* observer
6584:Sri Lanka:
6498:Nicaragua:
6402:Lithuania:
6344:Indonesia:
6305:Guatemala:
6299:Gibraltar:
5182:Independent
4698:Rakyat Post
4170:12 February
2309:16 May 2013
1944:Tan Po Kiat
1893:Youth Chief
1450:Before the
1373:V. Veerapan
1369:Wang Gungwu
659:Legislature
590:Politics of
382:(1973–2018)
353:Nationalism
332:Membership
194:Wang Gungwu
160:Youth Chief
150:Women Chief
8263:Categories
8056:Tanzania:
7992:DR Congo:
7946:Thailand:
7915:Pakistan:
7903:Mongolia:
7897:Malaysia:
7866:Cambodia:
7835:Slovenia:
7777:Bulgaria:
7087:Nowoczesna
6618:Thailand:
6612:Tanzania:
6566:Slovenia:
6560:Slovakia:
6517:Paraguay:
6455:Mongolia:
6427:Malaysia:
6326:Honduras:
6269:Ethiopia:
6189:DR Congo:
6182:Colombia:
6170:Cambodia:
6140:Bulgaria:
6133:Botswana:
4103:References
2477:3 seats;
2429:Opposition
1750:Leadership
1132:Bumiputera
1002:Federalism
513:Party flag
402:(observer)
349:Liberalism
313:Youth wing
303:Think tank
283:, Malaysia
208:Registered
64:Tamil name
42:Malay name
8208:Tunisia:
8192:Morocco:
8182:Lebanon:
8162:Comoros:
8066:Tunisia:
8038:Senegal:
8022:Morocco:
7909:Myanmar:
7823:Romania:
7801:Hungary:
7787:Croatia:
7689:(Estonia)
7683:(Belgium)
7270:Droa/დროა
7260:Lelo/ლელო
6871:DiPa/ΔηΠα
6866:EDI/Ε.ΔΗ.
6624:Ukraine:
6541:Senegal:
6529:Romania:
6467:Morocco:
6448:Moldova:
6395:Lebanon:
6360:Yesh Atid
6351:Ireland:
6338:Iceland:
6332:Hungary:
6293:Germany:
6286:Georgia:
6276:Finland:
6263:Estonia:
6236:Denmark:
6216:Croatia:
6164:Burundi:
6116:Belgium:
6110:Andorra:
2836:8 seats;
2789:3 seats;
2697:2 seats;
2565:1 seat;
2427:1 seat;
2378:Election
2361:Incumbent
2169:Portrait
2051:Observer:
1525:2008–2017
1415:in 1973.
1387:1969–2007
1335:Formation
1096:Reformasi
1069:Communism
1064:Anarchism
908:Elections
862:President
825:Judiciary
766:Executive
705:President
561:Elections
448:Satu Hati
288:Newspaper
270:(partial)
220:Legalised
84:President
8253:Politics
8241:Malaysia
8125:Mexico:
8072:Zambia:
8016:Malawi:
7980:Angola:
7829:Serbia:
7807:Kosovo:
7736:Category
7445:Lib Dems
7440:Alliance
7282:Viðreisn
6968:Momentum
6800:Open Vld
6641:Zambia:
6637:Lib Dems
6606:Taiwan:
6590:Sweden:
6547:Serbia:
6535:Russia:
6511:Norway:
6441:Mexico:
6421:Malawi:
6389:Latvia:
6382:Kosovo:
6358:Israel:
6315:Guinea:
6278:Keskusta
6176:Canada:
4828:The Star
4765:The Star
4708:17 March
4678:17 March
4668:The Star
4228:(2010).
4205:The Star
4118:Archived
3037:Selangor
2966:305,125
2930:1 seat;
2919:128,973
2883:1 seat;
2872:191,019
2825:184,548
2778:257,763
2770:10 / 219
2521:1 seat;
2416:178,971
2178:Remarks
1905:Speaker:
1757:Advisor:
1728:GERAKAN
1619:Senators
1424:Selangor
1401:V. David
1254:Malaysia
1079:Feminism
800:agencies
593:Malaysia
578:a series
536:.gerakan
344:Ideology
55:马来西亚民政运动
8227:Portals
8202:Sudan:
8168:Egypt:
8105:Recrear
7988:ADF-RDA
7890:Japan:
7714:(LYMEC)
7585:Pat Cox
7408:EPU/ЄПУ
7396:glp/pvl
7391:FDP/PLR
7338:LDP/ЛДП
7221:PFP/ПСП
7209:Müsavat
7192:ANC/ՀԱԿ
6922:RKP/SFP
6917:Kesk./C
6839:IDS/DDI
6817:DPS/ДПС
6763:Parties
6614:CCW/CUF
6578:Spain:
6537:Yabloko
6513:Venstre
6429:Gerakan
6375:Kenya:
6364:Italy:
6246:Egypt:
6242:Venstre
6157:Burma:
6152:ADF-RDA
4972:and/or
4851:2 April
4789:2 April
4746:Gerakan
4144:23 June
3713:30 / 31
3662:13 / 40
3643:21 / 25
3597:10 / 33
3578:22 / 26
3532:10 / 33
3513:10 / 18
3458:13 / 22
3393:15 / 18
3323:12 / 17
3273:15 / 18
3237:11 / 27
3218:26 / 38
3172:16 / 24
3047:Malacca
2958:0 / 222
2911:0 / 222
2864:1 / 222
2817:2 / 222
2725:7 / 193
2681:7 / 192
2637:5 / 180
2593:5 / 177
2549:5 / 154
2505:4 / 154
2461:5 / 144
2408:8 / 144
2318:Acting
2271:Acting
1684:Member
1575:In the
1555:In the
1536:In the
1505:In the
1470:In the
1377:pro tem
1330:History
1250:liberal
1248:) is a
1242:GERAKAN
1030:members
775:Cabinet
732:Speaker
527:Website
492:1 / 611
477:0 / 222
422:Colours
338:285,100
200:Founded
170:Founder
8131:Peru:
7994:ANADER
7789:HNS-LD
6849:Centar
6434:Mali:
6391:LPP/LC
6222:Cuba:
6191:ANADER
6159:NLD-LA
4883:
4645:
4600:
4573:
4546:
4519:
4492:
4465:
4421:
4394:
4367:
4340:
4313:
4286:
4238:
4093:1 / 36
4080:0 / 36
4073:0 / 56
4062:0 / 40
4055:1 / 36
4043:0 / 14
4026:0 / 42
4019:0 / 59
3994:0 / 56
3957:0 / 28
3933:0 / 31
3926:0 / 60
3919:0 / 56
3912:0 / 28
3905:0 / 36
3898:0 / 56
3891:0 / 42
3884:0 / 59
3877:0 / 40
3870:0 / 36
3858:3 / 31
3851:2 / 60
3844:1 / 56
3837:0 / 28
3830:0 / 36
3823:0 / 56
3816:0 / 42
3809:0 / 59
3802:0 / 40
3795:0 / 36
3783:4 / 31
3774:2 / 56
3767:0 / 28
3760:0 / 36
3753:0 / 56
3746:1 / 42
3739:0 / 59
3732:0 / 40
3725:1 / 36
3704:3 / 56
3697:1 / 28
3690:2 / 36
3683:4 / 56
3676:1 / 42
3669:4 / 59
3655:2 / 36
3634:2 / 40
3625:1 / 32
3618:2 / 48
3611:1 / 38
3604:3 / 52
3590:2 / 36
3569:2 / 40
3560:1 / 32
3553:1 / 48
3546:1 / 38
3539:5 / 52
3525:2 / 36
3504:1 / 36
3493:0 / 42
3486:1 / 33
3479:1 / 46
3472:7 / 33
3449:1 / 36
3440:0 / 28
3433:0 / 42
3426:1 / 33
3419:1 / 46
3412:9 / 33
3405:1 / 28
3384:1 / 32
3377:0 / 20
3370:0 / 24
3363:1 / 33
3356:1 / 32
3349:3 / 42
3342:8 / 27
3335:1 / 26
3308:1 / 33
3299:2 / 42
3292:8 / 27
3285:1 / 26
3258:1 / 33
3251:1 / 32
3244:1 / 42
3230:1 / 26
3209:0 / 32
3202:1 / 20
3193:4 / 28
3186:1 / 24
3179:2 / 40
3165:2 / 24
3032:Pahang
3022:Penang
2969:1.97%
2922:1.07%
2875:1.73%
2828:2.27%
2433:later
2166:Order
1698:
1687:Party
1669:State
1662:1 / 36
1371:, and
1363:, Dr.
1324:Malays
1320:Indian
1266:Penang
1238:abbrev
885:Vacant
580:on the
462:1 / 70
444:Anthem
433:Slogan
426:
369:Centre
334:(2022)
327:WANITA
317:PEMUDA
248:(UDP)
242:(MCA)
8006:UDENA
7881:PDI-P
7803:SzDSz
7550:]
7423:SN/СН
7418:SL/Сл
7413:CP/ГП
7255:SA/სა
7250:FD/თდ
7245:RP/რპ
7197:BA/ԼՀ
7175:ACC!Ó
6854:Fokus
6259:UDENA
4863:Notes
4050:2023
4010:2022
4003:0 / 8
3975:2022
3968:0 / 5
3940:2021
3865:2018
3790:2013
3720:2008
3650:2004
3585:1999
3520:1995
3465:1990
3400:1986
3330:1982
3280:1978
3225:1974
3160:1969
3151:2 / 3
3144:2 / 3
3137:2 / 3
3130:2 / 3
3123:2 / 3
3116:2 / 3
3109:2 / 3
3102:2 / 3
3095:2 / 3
3057:Sabah
3052:Johor
3027:Perak
3017:Kedah
2781:3.7%
2419:7.5%
2239:1980
2220:1980
2217:1969
2198:1969
2195:1968
2172:Name
1739:Kedah
1733:Total
1717:Kulim
1701:Kedah
1420:Perak
1230:Malay
254:(LPM)
8074:UNDP
7911:NCUB
7899:PGRM
7793:HSLS
7783:NSDV
7693:see
7660:see
7615:see
7450:Libs
7326:LPCG
7046:LRLS
7029:Par!
6844:Glas
6834:HSLS
6788:NEOS
6643:UNDP
6633:APNI
6519:PLRA
6483:PPDD
6463:LSCG
6317:UFDG
6252:Ghad
6218:HSLS
6146:NDSV
4881:ISBN
4853:2018
4791:2018
4710:2015
4680:2015
4643:ISBN
4598:ISBN
4571:ISBN
4544:ISBN
4517:ISBN
4490:ISBN
4463:ISBN
4419:ISBN
4392:ISBN
4365:ISBN
4338:ISBN
4311:ISBN
4284:ISBN
4236:ISBN
4172:2021
4146:2018
2952:2022
2905:2018
2858:2013
2811:2008
2764:2004
2719:1999
2675:1995
2631:1990
2587:1986
2543:1982
2499:1978
2455:1974
2402:1969
1705:P018
1678:No.
1672:No.
1422:and
1343:Dr.
1305:2014
1246:PGRM
1224:The
1045:list
934:2022
538:.org
8204:LDP
8184:NLP
8178:GTP
8174:FEP
8170:DFP
8164:NAC
8115:PML
8109:PPG
8068:PSL
8062:UDP
8058:CUF
8046:SNP
8040:PDS
8034:PDD
8018:UDF
8012:MFM
8000:RDR
7982:PLD
7942:DPP
7930:SDP
7917:LFP
7905:IZN
7892:DPJ
7885:PKB
7868:PSR
7837:LDS
7825:PNL
7819:LDP
7815:LPM
7809:PLK
7797:IDS
7779:DPS
7773:LDS
7379:PSG
7315:CUB
7299:PDK
7294:AKR
7180:PLA
7135:C's
7111:USR
7075:VVD
7070:D66
7007:LDE
6951:FDP
6939:UDI
6829:HNS
6608:DPP
6580:CDC
6568:LDS
6562:ANO
6555:SNP
6549:LDP
6543:PDS
6531:PNL
6507:LDP
6500:PLI
6494:VVD
6490:D66
6471:*,
6469:AdL
6457:IZN
6450:PRL
6436:PCR
6423:UDF
6416:MFM
6404:LCU
6384:PLK
6377:LDP
6370:FdL
6366:Rad
6340:FSF
6334:MLP
6328:PLH
6321:UFR
6319:*,
6309:*,
6295:FDP
6288:RPG
6282:SFP
6271:EDP
6248:FEP
6232:ULC
6228:PSD
6224:PLC
6212:RDR
6206:PML
6199:URC
6197:*,
6195:ARC
6172:PSR
6166:ADR
6142:DPS
6135:BMD
6128:LDS
6122:VLD
2963:23
2916:11
2869:11
2822:11
2775:12
2413:17
1742:(1)
1713:N35
1478:of
1264:in
984:GRS
979:GPS
540:.my
534:www
8265::
8210:PR
8198:UC
8196:,
8194:MP
8188:FM
8186:,
8176:,
8172:,
8133:JN
8127:NA
8121:MR
8107:,
8060:,
8052:DA
8028:UC
8026:,
8024:MP
7948:DP
7936:LP
7924:LP
7894:**
7887:**
7883:,
7874:DP
7831:LS
7817:,
7795:,
7791:,
7781:,
7548:fr
7311:PL
7233:NS
7123:PS
7099:IL
7058:DP
7041:LP
7024:LA
7012:TK
7002:RI
6997:+E
6980:FF
6934:PR
6905:RE
6805:MR
6772:EU
6635:,
6626:UM
6620:DP
6594:,
6586:LP
6574:DA
6525:LP
6492:,
6477:MP
6475:,
6473:UC
6443:NA
6410:DP
6368:,
6353:FF
6346:PD
6311:PP
6307:MR
6280:,
6265:RE
6250:,
6240:,
6238:RV
6230:,
6226:,
6193:,
6144:,
6120:,
6118:MR
6112:LA
4968:,
4844:.
4826:.
4807:.
4781:.
4763:.
4744:.
4726:.
4696:.
4666:.
4620:.
4268:^
4258:.
4217:^
4203:.
4163:.
4129:^
2977:;
2742:;
2730:9
2653:;
2609:;
2431:,
2345:6
2323:5
2298:–
2276:4
2249:–
2227:3
2205:2
2183:1
1610:.
1502:.
1240::
1236:;
1232::
974:PN
969:PH
964:BN
932::
250:•
244:•
238:•
8229::
7919:*
7350:V
7152:L
7147:C
6992:A
6900:K
6888:V
6883:B
6774:)
6734:e
6727:t
6720:v
6656:*
6645:*
6628:*
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