Manx cat - Knowledge

1122:, the Isle of Man Shorthair is essentially a fully tailed Manx cat. That is, it is a cat of Manx stock, with Manx features, but without any expression of the Manx taillessness gene. As of March 2013, it is only recognised by New Zealand Cat Fancy (NZCF) with its own breed standard. Any coat colour and pattern acceptable in the British Shorthair is permissible in the IoM Shorthair (the same restriction is applied to the Manx in the NZCF standard), and it requires the double coat of the Manx. In other international registries (e.g. GCCF, who also treat Manx as a British Shorthair variant), such cats are designated "Tailed Manx" and only recognised as Manx breeding stock (they are important as such, since breeding two tailless Manx together results in birth defects), and cannot be show cats. 870:

country and cat organization referenced, rumpy, rumpy risers and stumpies are the only Manx cat tail types that fit the breed standard for Manx cats. The longer cat tail lengths seen in some Manx cats are considered a breed fault, although they occur as naturally in the breed, but not as often, as the shorter tails. Although these longer tail types are of purebred Manx ancestry, they do not possess the dominant gene so cannot pass it on. However, since the Manx tail mutation gene is dominant, these longer-tailed purebred Manx cats may still be used in breeding programs and may even be considered in an effort to help avoid the fatal spinal deformities that sometimes result in tailless Manx cats.

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the colours in this variety seem somewhat limited" and that the breed "does not comprise all the colours usually associated with other short-haired varieties". He reported only very common orange, common orange and white, common cream tabby, uncommon tortoiseshell, and very rare all-white specimens in 1903. Calico and point-coloured are notably absent from this list, as are even today's common colourful tabbies. However, writing in England only five years later, Barton suggested that "the Manx may be of any colour, but probably orange is the most frequently met with."

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considered separate breeds. The term "Tasman Rex" has been applied to cats with this gene that do not fall into one of the previously mentioned labels (lacking the Manx face and body shape to qualify), though relation if any to extant Rex mutation breeds is unclear. All of these additional terms beyond "Tasman Manx" appear to be "recognised", even promulgated by NZCF but without breed standards, and even the permissive Catz registry does not include them as of July 2014.

5593: 1175: 881:" to a stubby but distinct tail, which is kinked or curled and usually has a slightly bulbous and fluffy appearance; by contrast, the Manx has a straight tail when one is present at all. The Japanese Bobtail has a markedly different appearance from the Manx, and is characterized by almond-shaped eyes, a triangular face, long ears, and lean body, like many other Asian breeds. The gene responsible for the bobbed or kinked tail in that breed is 954: 850: 388: 1679: 351:. Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the breed, along with elongated hind legs and a rounded head. Manx cats come in all coat colours and patterns, though all-white specimens are rare, and the coat range of the original stock was more limited. Long-haired variants are sometimes considered a separate breed, the 983:, has a silky-textured double coat of medium length, with "breeches" (i.e. a distinct jump in fur length at the hocks giving the appearance of old-fashioned, baggy, knee-length pants ) belly ruff and neck ruff, tufts of fur between the toes and full "ear furnishings" (hairs in ears). The CFA considers the Cymric to be a variety of Manx and judges it in the short-hair division even though it is long-haired, while 739: 4521: 946: 920:

many smaller examples but only rare ones larger. The hind legs of Manx are notably longer than the fore legs, causing the rump to be higher than the shoulder and creating a continuous arch from shoulders to rump giving the cat an overall rounded or humped appearance, though the breed is comparatively long when stretched out. The fore legs are strong and straight. The shape is often described as

1265:. Very small bladders are indicative of the disease, and it is often difficult to diagnose. Death can occur quite suddenly, and some live for only 3–4 years; the oldest recorded was a female cat named Pharrah at 7 years when affected with the disease. In one report, it was shown to affect about 30% of Manx cats studied, but nearly all of those cases were rumpies, which exhibit the most extreme 415:, where they remain a substantial but declining percentage of the local cat population. The taillessness arose as a natural mutation on the island, though folklore persists that tailless domestic cats were brought there by sea. They are descended from mainland stock of obscure origin. Like all house cats, including nearby British and Irish populations, they are ultimately descended from the 779:. Tail length is random throughout a litter of kittens. Manx to non-Manx breeding will usually produce some Manx-type tail varieties in kittens. Whether the shorter tailed kittens of these varieties are labeled Manx is up to the breed standard consulted. Manx cats' tails are classified according to proportional tail length as kittens (the proportion does not change after birth): 1134:, i.e., a cat of Cymric (and thus Manx) stock, the Isle of Man Longhair has Cymric features, but without expression of the Manx taillessness gene. As of March 2013, it is only recognised as a separate breed by NZCF with a breed standard. Coat colours are limited to those acceptable in the British Shorthair, and requires the double, thick, long coat of the Cymric. 714:, but noted that already by the time of his writing "if the judge understood the variety" a Manx would be clearly distinguishable from some other tailless cat being exhibited, "as the make of the animal, its movements and its general character are all distinctive." Not all cat experts of the day were favourable toward the breed; in 694:, as a named, distinct breed (and with the modern spelling "Manx"), since the late 1800s. In that era, few shows provided a Manx division, and exhibited specimens were usually entered under the "Any Other Variety" class, where they often could not compete well unless "exceptionally good in size and markings". Early pet 987:(TICA) judges it in the long-hair division as a distinct Cymric breed. The long-haired variety is of comparatively recent development. Lane wrote in 1903 that the Manx "to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, does not include any long-haired specimens", in his detailed chapter on the breed. 1562:

coins. The first two, issued in 1970 and 1975, are stand-alone releases in both copper-nickel and silver proofs, while the third, in 1988, inaugurated an ongoing series of annual cat coin issues that have also been produced in gold in various sizes; an almost-hidden Manx cat appears in the background

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HiSeq X Ten sequencer, down from original projections of £10,000 before the X Ten was available for non-human sequencing. The dramatic drop in costs allowed the first cat's sequencing to be done well ahead of the original schedule. MCGP has already identified the location of the mutation responsible

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the longer tails a few days after birth. Although illegal in many jurisdictions (including much of Europe), the practice was formerly recommended, although with the caveat that the commonness of the practice meant that many spurious Manx cats – i.e., random British cats – were altered to resemble the

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bloodlines (and none of the rex breeds are permitted as out-cross partners with Tasman Manx in Catz breeding guidelines). Depending on length of tail (if any) and coat, kittens may sometimes be termed "Tasman Cymric", "Tasman Isle of Man Shorthair" or "Tasman Isle of Man Longhair", but these are not

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Four new, consistent varieties have been developed from the Manx (the original version of which is now sometimes consequently called the Shorthair Manx). These are the Cymric (Longhair Manx), the Isle of Man Shorthair and Isle of Man Longhair, and the Tasman Manx, though only the Cymric has garnered

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Manx cats' heads are rounded in shape, and medium in depth with a long neck. The upright, round-tipped and front-facing ears are largish. The eyes are large, rounded, and prominent, with their outer corners higher than the inner ones. Absent any bloodlines with a dominant alternative eye color (such

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ancestry, have been celebrated on Isle of Man postage stamps since the 1980s, and recent publications often show marbled and spotted varieties. The original insular stock, however, were of less widespread variation. Lane, having "seen a great many of them" wrote of Manx cats that "t is curious that

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Manx cat postcards, a 1996 one-stamp decorative sheetlet, one stamp in a 1994 tourism 10-stamp booklet, a 1996 five-stamp series of Manx cats around the world, and a 1989 set of the breed in various coat patterns, plus two high-value definitives of 1983 and 1989. The cat appears prominently as the

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Manx are medium-sized cats, broad-chested with sloping shoulders and flat sides, and in show condition are firmly muscular and lean, neither bulky nor fatty. Lane reported the original, native breed as ranging typically from ten to twelve pounds for males and eight to ten pounds for females, with

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These beliefs about the Manx's behaviour were not described in the past. Lane's early and experienced account of the temperament of this "variety, which is quaint and interesting" is simply that they were "docile, good-tempered and sociable", and that a prize specimen should be "an alert, active

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gene were shown to be responsible for failure of tail development in the Manx cat, as well as four other tailless breeds of cat. Mutations in orthologs of this gene have been shown to cause tail-loss defects in a number of other species, notably the mouse. Mutations in the human version of the

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have been rumpy through stumpy specimens, with stubby and longy Manx not qualifying to be shown except in the "Any Other Variety" or household pet class. Kittens with complete tails may be born in a purebred Manx litter, having not inherited the taillessness appearance at all. Depending on the

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of the gene. Because of the danger of having two copies of the taillessness gene, breeders avoid breeding two entirely tailless Manx cats together. Because neither parent carries the tailless allele, a fully tailed Manx bred to another fully tailed Manx results in all fully tailed kittens.

616:, and an update of the Noah story. Because the gene is so dominant and "invades" other breeds when crossed (often without owner knowledge) with the Manx, there was a folk belief that simply being in the proximity of a Manx cat could cause other breeds to somehow produce tailless kittens. 894:

breed also has a short tail, and may be genetically related to the Manx. More will be clear about tail genetics as more genetic studies are done on cat populations and as DNA testing improves; most domestic animal genetic work has been done with dogs and livestock breeds.

2073:, and broke desert racing records shortly after its introduction. It was named after the cat, due to its design – short-bodied, tall-wheeled, and manoeuvrable. The original designer has revived and updated it as the "Manxter" (2000–present, Meyers Manx, Inc.). 2057:

road race (which the brand dominated for decades, until the 1970s), was long promoted with Manx cat badges, in the forms of both enameled metal pins and sew-on patches. The Manx Norton has experienced a major revival among modern enthusiasts of classic motorcycle racing.

2092:, features a very short tail (thus the name), has a 32.5 inch wingspan (in versions IV and V), can accommodate .19 to .35 engine sizes, and can be modified with a Dumas Spectrum "combat" wing. It was profiled in hobbyist magazines, like the February 1957 1364:(NCBI). It is the Isle of Man's first gene sequencing programme, with samples collected and data analysed by MCGP in the Isle of Man, with the input of scientists around the world, initial sequencing work being performed by the firm Edinburgh Genomics and the 746:

Although tail suppression (or tail length variety) is not the sole characteristic feature of the breed, the chief defining one of the Manx cat is its absence of a tail to having a tail of long length, or tail of any length between the two extremes. This is a

1158:, due a recessive mutation which arose in Manx litters in both Australia and New Zealand. As of March 2013, the breed is only recognised by the NZCF and the Catz Inc. registry (also of New Zealand) with breed standards. The coat may be short or semi-long. 1058:

The Cymric or Manx Longhair is a tailless or partially tailed cat of Manx stock, with semi-long to long hair, e.g. as the result of cross-breeding with Himalayan, Persian and other longer-haired breeds early in its development. While its name refers to

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One desired result of this research is the development of tests that can be used to keep the breed healthy by identifying cats which should not be bred. A minimum of three cats' genes will have to be sequenced to obtain the required genetic data.

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Manx (and other tail-suppressed breeds) do not exhibit problems with balance; balance is controlled primarily by the inner ear. In cats, dogs and other large-bodied mammals, balance involves but is not dependent upon the tail (contrast with

1035:). New Zealand Cat Fancy (NZCF) does likewise for colour and markings, but requires a double-coat and other Manx-specific features that GCCF does not. Some other registries are even more restrictive, while others are more liberal. 561:

There are numerous folktales about the Manx cat, all of them of "relatively recent origin"; they are focused entirely on the lack of a tail, and are devoid of religious, philosophical, or mythical aspects found in the traditional

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and unrelated to the dominant Manx tail-suppression gene; the bobtail gene is not connected to any serious deformities, while the tail-suppression gene can, under certain conditions, give rise to a pattern of sometimes lethal

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The selected second sample is from a kitten that had to be euthanised for Manx syndrome, and it is hoped that this new sequence can identify the genetic specifics of the condition and why it only affects some offspring.

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patterns occurring in the breed today run the gamut of virtually all breeds due to extensive cross-breeding, though not all registries may accept all coats as qualifying for breeding or show. The most common coats are

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In the mid-1880s, Kermode still spells it "Manks" in a journal that already prefers "Manx". He reports "We have no representatives wild of the Cat Tribe or of the Dog Tribe" in his enumeration of native

1408:(GCCF) aids controlled study of a specific bloodline. Bonnag's samples were sent for sequencing in April 2016, with raw gene sequence results received by MCGP in August 2016; the laborious process of 1299:

Following on updated genetic research, both the Australian Cat Federation and (less stringently) the GCCF impose special breeding restrictions on Manx cats (and derived stock like the Cymric), for

1087: 185: 771:" in Manx cats. Attempting to force the tailless trait to breed true by continually breeding tailless Manx cats to tailless Manx cats has led to increased negative, even fatal genetic disorders 678:

breed, but Manx, Japanese Bobtails and other short-tailed cats are not used in its breeding program, and the mutation seems to have appeared in the breed spontaneously. Possible relation to the

221: 34: 1269:. Feline expert Roger Tabor has stated: "Only the fact that the Manx is a historic breed stops us being as critical of this dangerous gene as of other more recent selected abnormalities." 3649: 1076: 969:

lengths. Short- or long-haired, all Manx have a thick, double-layered coat. The colour and pattern ranges exhibited should conform to the standards for that type of coat in non-Manx.

627:, purporting to explain why it has no or little tail, long hind legs and a sometimes hopping gait. The cat-rabbit halfbreed tale has been further reinforced by the more widespread " 1292:, which is a recurring condition causing constipation that can be life-threatening to the cat if not properly monitored. It is a condition in which, due to absence of a tail, the 937:

or related ancestry), Manx often have some hue variant of gold eyes, and for show purposes follow the eye colour standards of the same coat colour/pattern in non-Manx short-hairs.

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An Historical and Statistical Account of the Isle of Man, from the Earliest Times to the Present Date; with a View of its Ancient Laws, Peculiar Customs, and Popular Superstitions

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when it began to rain, and accidentally cut off the tail of the Manx cat who had almost been left behind. Over the years a number of cartoons have appeared on postcards from the

1689: 197: 1031:(BSH), and thus requires that Manx cats to have one of the coat patterns that would be permissible in the BSH rather than any that is exclusive to a "foreign" type (e.g. 2216:

appears in this edition, it is a later interpolation in Kelly's 1805 manuscript, after 1835; like many entries in the 1866 published version, it directly cites Cregeen.

658:, though whether they are genetically related to maritime Manx cats or are a coincidentally similar result of insular genetic diversity limitations, like the unrelated 4311: 3963: 1107: 133: 3756: 3579: 3995: 725:(CFA) (the predominant United States-based pedigreed cat registry, founded in 1908), which has records on the breed in North America going back to the 1920s. 581:

foundering in the area, though there is no evidence to suggest this actually occurred. Folklore has further claimed that a tailless cat swam ashore from said

3916: 1618: 2185:. Douglas, Isle of Man/London, England : Whittaker, Treacher & Arnot, et al. pp. 106 ("kayt"), 107 ("keiyt"), 122 ("Manninagh"), 193 ("stubbin"). 4146: 1571: 1448:

Manx are prized as hunters, known to take down larger prey (e.g. adult rats) even when they are young, and were thus long in demand for working roles like

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Hackett, Stacy N. (September 2009). "Long on Personality: Manx Enthusiasts Claim the Cat's Larger-than-life Personality Makes Up for Its Lack of a Tail".

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as the Manx Cat V, and in printed plan form as the Manx Cat I through IV, with progressively larger wings. Designed by Bob Buragas, the hand-launched

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that causes the cat severe pain, and in rare cases Manx-bred kittens are born with kinked short tails because of incomplete growth of the tail during

1955: 718:, Frank Townend Barton wrote in 1908: "There is nothing whatever to recommend the breed, whilst the loss of the tail in no way enhances its beauty." 1110:(FFE) does not recognise the breed or sub-breed at all, under any name, as of October 2014 (their Manx standard was last updated 17 May 2004). 3216: 1881: 4027: 1385:

What genes control tail length? (The Manx taillessness gene only determines whether the tail will be suppressed, not the extent of suppression.)

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The more common short-haired Manx – the original breed – has a coat with a dense, soft, under layer and a longer, coarse outer layer with

585:, and thus brought the trait to the island. However, tailless cats are not commonly known in Spain, even if such a shipwreck were proven. 1826: 3786: 3122: 1579:

subject of a large number of tourist goods and Manx pride items available on the island and over the Internet, serving (along with the

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Specific registries have particular, and differing, standards of points with regard to coloration and patterning. For example, the

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breed, another naturally occurring insular breed. The Japanese Bobtail always has at least some tail, ranging from a small "

5434: 4115: 3438: 2210:(1866 reprint ed.). Douglas : Manx Society pp. 110 ("kaytlag"), 127–8 ("Manninagh, Mannanagh"), 177 ("stubbin"). 3021: 2941: 1241:

name given to the condition which results when the tailless gene shortens the spine too much. It can seriously damage the

706:, himself the owner of a prize-winning rare white rumpy Manx named Lord Luke, published the first known (albeit informal) 358:

Manx are prized as skilled hunters, and thus have often been sought by farmers with rodent problems, and been a preferred

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on each of the 1989-onward releases featuring other breeds. A Manx, with a kitten, was the featured cat again in 2012.

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for suppression of Bonnag's tail, the deletion of a single bit of genetic data among 2.8 billion making up the genome.

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and by 99 Lives, and server resources donated by Isle of Man biomedical information technology company ServiceTech.

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Since Manx kittens are naturally born with any tail length, from none to long, it was formerly common to surgically

3985: 3269:. Ferntree Gully, Victoria, Australia: Co-ordinating Cat Council of Australia (CCCA). November 2012. Archived from 2762:

Rabbits, Cats and Cavies: Descriptive Sketches of All Recognized Exhibition Varieties, with Many Original Anecdotes

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song, "What Happened to the Manx Cat's Tail?", as the B-side of "Stein! Stein! Ev'rywhere We Go", on an 8-inch,

2007: 374:. Manx have been exhibited in cat shows since the 1800s, with the first known breed standard published in 1903. 3052: 1412:

has begun, to be followed by comparison with previously collected cat genomic data from 99 Lives, and eventual

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rumpy named Bonnag, selected because the registry of this dam (breeding female) and her kittens in the British

4500: 4466: 3259: 2684: 2151: 2135:-style "elder gods". Like most modern comics, it features digitally-colored art, over hand-drawn pencil work. 976:. The overall appearance of the coat is fine, short and lying close to the skin, versus fluffy or voluminous. 5444: 5439: 4203: 2641: 1712: 1106:

have explicit Cymric standards (published separately or along with Manx). Of the major registries, only the

178: 5509: 4934: 4673: 4058: 3227: 1154:, the Tasman Manx is a tailless or partially tailed Manx cat with a curly-haired coat not unlike that of a 1083: 722: 362:

breed. They are said to be social, tame and active. An old local term for the cats on their home island is

85: 1420:. Fundraising for the second genome to be sequenced by the project began September 2016; costs dropped to 150: 5637: 5573: 5459: 4954: 4822: 4772: 674:, is unknown. The Manx gene may be related to the similarly dominant tail suppression gene of the recent 245: 1554:

The Isle of Man uses the Manx cat as one of the symbols of the island nation and its unique culture. On

1094:(GCCF) recognise the variety as a longer-haired Manx rather than "Cymric" (the CFA and CCCA call it the 650:

may be due to the arrival on the island of cats of Manx origin, by ship. Similar cats are also found in

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sequenced by the 99 Lives project in 2014). Bonnag was bred by Zoe Grundey at the Triskele Manx Cats

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showing scenes in which a cat's tail is being run over and severed by a variety of means including a

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Is there a genetic basis for any health problems associated with the breed other than Manx syndrome?

790:– having no tail at all, though often a small tuft of hair where the tail would have grown from the 5519: 5429: 4924: 4703: 4217: 4084: 3231: 1704: 173: 90: 2821: 2766: 2119:. The story involves "The Manx Cat", a statuette of such a cat that at first seems to be a simple 1539: 1530: 5568: 5532: 5379: 2297: 2012: 1633: 1555: 1365: 1341: 442:, the Manx taillessness gene, that eventually became common on the island because of the limited 2245: 577:

on the coast of the island is often thought to have arisen from the local tale of a ship of the

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After the initial fundraising goal was reached in December 2015, the first cat sequenced was a

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folktales that seek to explain why the Manx has a truncated tail. In one of them, the biblical

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In 2013, prior to initiation of the Manx Cat Genome Project (below), genetic mutations in the

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The Manx cat that the narrator sees during a lunch party in chapter one of Virginia Woolf's

5176: 5071: 4969: 4792: 2849: 2331: 1651: 1559: 1337: 764: 435: 121: 2478:(corrected reprint ed.). Douglas : Mona's Herald . pp. 18 ("cat"), 47 ("Manx"). 2452: 2183:

A Dictionary of the Manks Language with the Corresponding Words or Explanations in English

8: 5622: 5542: 5424: 5271: 5056: 5026: 4807: 4757: 3847: 1642:), and only the second cat of any breed to receive this level of study (the first was an 1584: 638:, only 250 miles (400 km) from the Isle of Man. A population on the small, isolated 447: 226: 4448:. Wheathampstead, Herts., UK: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Archived from 2760: 2335: 2291: 1424:

1,400 per cat in November 2015, and as of April 2016 dropped to about £1,200, using the

5494: 5399: 5191: 5101: 5016: 4982: 4964: 4685: 4402:"Florrie Ford – Stein! Stein! Ev'rywhere We Go / What Happened to the Manx Cat's Tail?" 3684:

Mamm Genome. 2013 Oct;24(9-10):400-8. doi: 10.1007/s00335-013-9471-1. Epub 2013 Aug 15.

2974: 2354: 2319: 2050: 2020: 1992:'s Manx cat in Lawrence Block's "Burglar" series of mystery novels, first appearing in 1425: 1417: 503: 455: 3627: 1348:

that make the Manx distinct from other cat populations, and to contribute data to the

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Populations of tailless cats also exist in a few other places in Europe, most notably

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art, also appears on the island's 1980–83 penny. The breed figures on numerous

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that normally contracts to push stools toward the rectum loses its ability to do so.

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of the United Kingdom government between 1964 and sometime between 1969 and 1976.

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Which mutations are unique to the breed, aside from the obvious suppressed tail?

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under the fur, most noticeable when the animal is happy and raising its tail end

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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Long-haired or semi-long-haired specimens are considered a separate breed, the

138: 102: 4343: 831:– having a short tail of non-fused bones, up to about half an average cat tail 5611: 5596: 5504: 5489: 5394: 5327: 5276: 5246: 5226: 5121: 5011: 4889: 4658: 3501:

Vella, Carolyn; Shelton, Lorraine; McGonagle, John; Stanglein, Terry (1999).

2858: 2139: 2025: 1996:. Bernie is not convinced the cat is a Manx but it does have no tail. (1994, 1982: 1575: 1477: 1293: 1238: 1189: 991: 966: 791: 756: 699: 601: 404: 359: 250: 3592: 3404: 2562:(Revised ed.). St. Judes, I.o.M.: Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh . p. 30. 2344: 114: 5322: 5251: 5241: 5221: 5166: 5131: 5096: 5021: 4906: 4839: 4782: 4695: 4603: 4588: 3635: 3600: 2689: 2363: 1805: 1329: 1250: 1162: 1103: 1053: 980: 958: 574: 352: 264: 33: 4449: 3745:"Scientists looking for money for project to decode the Manx cat's genome" 3475: 2799: 2460: 857: 5389: 5291: 5236: 5231: 5196: 5186: 5091: 5076: 5046: 4884: 4869: 4797: 4663: 4620: 4583: 4379: 2062: 2046: 1558:, Manx cats are the subject of the reverse of four special commemorative 1413: 1242: 1211: 1155: 1151: 973: 934: 865:

Since the early days of breed recognition in the late 19th century, Manx

605: 408: 340: 73: 4787: 903:, for whom the tail is a quite significant portion of their body mass). 5464: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5307: 5261: 5256: 5156: 5136: 5116: 5111: 5081: 5041: 4874: 4762: 4650: 4630: 4575: 4180:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016 3990: 2147: 2116: 2115:

in January 2011, and has since seen print as a six-issue miniseries by

2089: 2070: 2065:(1964–1971, B. F. Meyers & Co.) is the original, much-copied 1744: 1657: 1599:, Lipstick, and Smokey, three Manx cats that were companion animals to 1580: 1401: 1284:

the Manx was noticeably under-represented, with an odds ratio of 0.35.

1273: 1201: 1193: 1174: 1143: 1131: 1004: 768: 760: 647: 609: 593: 328: 202: 3878: 3573:

Albasan, H.; Osborne, C. A.; Lulich, J. P.; Lekcharoensuk, C. (2012).

3161: 3085: 1007:

and solid colours. Widely divergent Manx specimens, including even a

5206: 5201: 5086: 5066: 5061: 4844: 4635: 4625: 4593: 3798: 2869:

article reuses information from other sources but does not name them.

2120: 2081: 1810: 1784: 1775: 1312: 1289: 1266: 1262: 1223: 1147: 996: 891: 814: 804: 679: 655: 619:

Another genetically impossible account claimed that the Manx was the

582: 3694: 2010:, one of the two main characters of the American animated TV series 953: 643: 5419: 5414: 5341: 5266: 5051: 4879: 4812: 4802: 4668: 4608: 4189: 3830: 3716: 3530: 3270: 3184: 2666:. Douglas, I.o.M. (among others): Quiggin (among others). pp. 2253:"Manx Cat Breed Information, Pictures, Characteristics & Facts" 2112: 2104: 1596: 1449: 1397: 1369: 1353: 1316:

brachyury gene are associated with a range of neural tube defects.

866: 849: 691: 635: 589: 515: 439: 238: 387: 5369: 5312: 5211: 4318:. Gibraltar: World Online Philatelic Agency. 2011. Archived from 3572: 2085: 1647: 1604: 1441:

Fancier's often describe the Manx as being doglike in behaviour.

1200:

from two Manx parents are generally born without any tail. Being

682:

breed, which also ranges from rumpy to fully tailed, is unknown.

639: 391:

Silverwing, a tabby, rumpy Manx male champion show cat (UK, 1902)

4536: 2580:

Fargher, Douglas C. (1979). Stowell, Brian; Faulds, Ian (eds.).

1773:, a recurring guest character in the American daily comic strip 738: 5364: 5281: 5181: 5036: 4854: 4713: 4598: 4520: 2616:, England: Animalia Books/Interpret Publishing. pp. 7–35. 2237:. Alliance, Ohio, US: Cat Fanciers' Association. Archived from 1792: 1349: 1306: 1206: 1197: 1082:

Simply covering it in their Manx breed standards, the US-based

1072: 921: 878: 651: 628: 624: 4446:"Genetic welfare problems of companion animals: Manx Syndrome" 4316:

WOPA-Stamps.com: The First International Face Value Stamp Site

3500: 2439:

Robinson, R. (1993). "Expressivity of the Manx Gene in Cats".

2019:

Tiara Boobowski was planned to be a Manx cat character in the

945: 5151: 5141: 2290:

Barton, Frank Townend (1908). "The Siamese—Abyssinian—Manx".

1574:, including a 2011 series of six that reproduce the art from 1254: 1246: 1060: 3695:"OMIM Entry - * 601397 - T-BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR T; TBXT" 2317: 5499: 4735: 4730: 2997:"Manx Syndrome & Spina Bifida | International Cat Care" 1751:

Ma Manx, matriarch of a crime gang in the children's novel

1184: 597: 570:, and in legends about cats from other parts of the world. 348: 309: 3616:

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

2318:

Driscoll, C. A.; Macdonald, D. W.; O'Brien, S. J. (2009).

1632:

Bonnag, a female Manx, the first of her breed to have her

979:

The long-haired Manx, known to some cat registries as the

4864: 4567: 4531: 3445:. Te Awamutu, New Zealand: Catz Inc. 2012. Archived from 2826:

Animal Planet: Pets, Wild Animals, Dog Breeds, Cat Breeds

900: 332: 306: 274: 2293:

The Cat: Its Points and Management in Health and Disease

716:

The Cat: Its Points and Management in Health and Disease

407:, were known by the early 19th century as cats from the 3123:"TICA Manx Breed Group (Manx and Cymric) Show Standard" 3053:"Manx Cat: Everything You Need to Know About the Breed" 1615:

Bob the Preschool Cat: A Biography of an Urban Manx Cat

721:

The Manx was one of the first breeds recognised by the

3580:

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

3531:"TWISTY CATS AND THE ETHICS OF BREEDING FOR DEFORMITY" 3503:

Robinson's Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians

1204:

for (having two copies of) the gene is usually lethal

1044:

widespread acceptance in breed registries as of 2014.

813:(stumpie) – having a partial tail of vestigial, fused 461:

In the Manx language, the modern name of the breed is

1288:

Some tailless cats such as the Manx cats may develop

514:, and depending on the exact construction, it may be 315: 312: 1324:

To better understand the genetics of the breed, the

403:(apparently both singular and plural) in colloquial 3642: 3194:. Katikati, NZ: New Zealand Cat Fancy. January 2007 2792:"HALELØSE KATTE, haleloese, tailless, cats, katzen" 2537:(Revised ed.). Glasgow, Scotland: Gairm Pubs. 2224: 2222: 592:and historical reality, there are various fanciful 303: 300: 4342: 3816: 3550:Breed Predispositions to Diseases in Dogs and Cats 2530: 1884:'s "Max the Cat" 1986 series of children's books, 3776: 3774: 3650:"ACF Breeding Policy for the Manx and Cymric Cat" 3614:Bertoy, Robert W (2002). "Megacolon in the cat". 2533:An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language 2382:"Some Remarks on the Mammals of the Isle of Mann" 1950:Narrator, an orange Manx, in the children's book 1113: 5609: 3956:"Scientists sequence the genome of the Manx Cat" 2219: 1782:Mayor Manx from the American animated TV series 1125: 873:The Manx breed is genetically distinct from the 845:(tailie) – having a half- to normal-length tail. 4292:. Douglas, I.o.M.: Isle of Man Government. 2011 4169: 2679: 2677: 2558:Goodwin, Edmund (1987). Thomson, Robert (ed.). 1445:animal of much power and energetic character." 1027:(GCCF) classifies the Manx as a variant of the 4471:The Cat in the Mysteries of Religion and Magic 4443: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3771: 3470: 3468: 3337:"Breed Code IMS – Isle of Man Shorthair" 3295: 3293: 3291: 3174:"Manx" is a subsection of "British Shorthair". 2853:. Irvine, CA, US: BowTie Inc. pp. 25–26. 1590: 1520: 4552: 4078: 4076: 4042: 3369:"Breed Code IML – Isle of Man Longhair" 3150:"Recognised Breeds and Registration Policies" 2296:. London, England: Everett & Co. p. 1935:Mika, title character of the children's book 1362:National Center for Biotechnology Information 1137: 431:), of which the island has long been devoid. 3842: 3840: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3566: 3548:Gould, Alex; Thomas, Alison (9 April 2004). 3144: 3142: 2922:. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare 2765:. London, UK: J. M. Dent & Co. pp. 2674: 2417:"Feline Genetic Loci Table | Cat-World" 2080:of the late 1950s was the Manx Cat, sold in 1742:Gordon from the American animated TV series 1638: 1307:Identification of the Manx Cat tailless gene 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3901: 3712:"Manx tailless cat genome project launched" 3706: 3704: 3659:. Australian Cat Federation. Archived from 3547: 3465: 3288: 3254: 3252: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2944:. Cat Fanciers' Association. Archived from 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2411: 2409: 1375:The project aims to answer four questions: 1272:The breed is also predisposed to rump fold 1065: 1012: 990:Regardless of coat length, the colours and 5633:Cat breeds and types with suppressed tails 4559: 4545: 4073: 3978: 3870: 3211: 3209: 2814: 2638:"Isle of Man website page on Spanish Head" 2603: 2601: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2434: 2432: 2430: 1822:), and the 1979 Japanese anime based on it 1636:(in 2016, by the Manx Cat Genome Project, 1607:renowned for communicating in rudimentary 1506: 1498: 1490: 1482: 1470: 1462: 1454: 1319: 1222:Some partial tails are prone to a form of 544: 536: 528: 520: 508: 496: 488: 480: 472: 463: 438:of taillessness arises from a spontaneous 397: 32: 5628:Cat breeds originating in the Isle of Man 4378:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 4363: 4340: 4334: 4278: 4153:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 4122:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 4107: 4057:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 3923:. Manx Cat Genome Project. Archived from 3917:"Project update and say hello to Bonnag!" 3837: 3810: 3808: 3732: 3575:"Risk factors for urate uroliths in cats" 3139: 2497: 2495: 2476:English–Manx Pronouncing Dictionary 2392:(4). Douglas, IOM: J. H. Johnson: 119–129 2375: 2373: 2353: 2343: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 1804:Manx Cat, the antagonist for the bulk of 1733:Bluebeard, from the German animated film 1382:What genes are involved in Manx syndrome? 1328:(MCGP) was launched in August 2015, as a 1161:The type arose possibly without existing 1047: 733: 685: 4426:Manx Cats: A Complete Pet Owner's Manual 4422: 4235: 4138: 4011: 3939: 3701: 3439:"Judges Guild Index and Breed Standards" 3397: 3361: 3329: 3310:. op. cit. February 1997. Archived from 3249: 2960: 2873: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2438: 2406: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 1496:loosely 'scratcher, scratchy-one', from 1173: 1038: 952: 944: 887: 856: 848: 817:, up to about 3 cm (1 in) long 774: 759:. As with the sometimes-tail-suppressed 737: 386: 4498: 4444:Godfrey, Rosie; Godfrey, David (2011). 4147:"We're fundraising for genome number 2" 3818:"Sequencing the Genome of the Manx Cat" 3433: 3431: 3429: 3378:. op. cit. January 2003. Archived from 3342:. op. cit. January 2007. Archived from 3206: 2846: 2840: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2607: 2598: 2582:Fargher's English–Manx Dictionary 2579: 2566: 2557: 2551: 2528: 2522: 2427: 2379: 2311: 2201: 2199: 2180: 1958:, illustrated by Garner Beckett (2003, 1071:), the breed was actually developed in 454:and, at the sub-specific level, of the 5610: 4920:Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana 4369: 4175: 4144: 4113: 4082: 4048: 4017: 3962:. Manx Telecom Trading. 8 April 2016. 3914: 3876: 3814: 3805: 3780: 3613: 3260:"Manx/Manx Longhair: General Standard" 3177: 3050: 2501: 2492: 2370: 2289: 2167: 1668: 1230:. Stumpy to long tails are sometimes 1169: 1088:Co-ordinating Cat Council of Australia 1075:, which has honoured the breed with a 382: 4540: 4507:. Cassell & Co. pp. 244–253. 4475:Reprinted 1955 by A. Richmond; 1981, 4464: 4304: 3541: 3494: 3106: 2991: 2989: 2822:"Cat Breed Profile: American Bobtail" 2659: 2648: 2473: 2467: 2453:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111311 2266: 2205: 2053:), though ostensibly named after the 1981:), a children's book modeled on "The 1811:Manxmouse: The Mouse Who Knew No Fear 1515: 1356:Cat Genome Sequencing Project of the 1280:. In a review of over 5,000 cases of 558:in English well into the late 1800s. 4261:"1⁄25 Crown - Elizabeth II Manx Cat" 4176:Glover, Rachel (27 September 2016). 4145:Glover, Rachel (27 September 2016). 3426: 3405:"Breed Code IMS – Tasman Manx" 3230:(CFA). 28 April 2012. Archived from 3051:Caplan, Christy (30 December 2019). 2758: 2705: 2228: 2196: 1672: 1234:at birth as a preventative measure. 5643:National symbols of the Isle of Man 4473:. Rider & Co. pp. 244–247. 4095:from the original on 3 October 2016 4051:"We have Bonnag's genome sequence!" 4030:from the original on 3 October 2016 4018:Glover, Rachel (12 December 2015). 3998:from the original on 3 October 2016 3966:from the original on 3 October 2016 3889:from the original on 3 October 2016 3858:from the original on 3 October 2016 3789:from the original on 3 October 2016 3301:"Registration Policy for Manx Cats" 2111:, was serialised as a Comicmix.com 1994:The Burglar Who Traded Ted Williams 1587:) as an emblem of the Isle of Man. 1512:'scratching, scratchy, scraping'). 1237:"Manx syndrome" or "Manxness" is a 612:, a reference to motorcycle racing 550:, 'kitten' (with various plurals). 13: 4945:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 4415: 4222:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 4083:Glover, Rachel (8 November 2015). 3986:"Secrets of the Manx cat revealed" 3523: 3158:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 3107:Broad, Michael (20 January 2017). 2986: 2380:Kermode, P. M. C. (October 1885). 2049:motorcycle line (1947–1962, 1703:by removing the content or adding 1662:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office 1406:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 1092:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 1025:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 14: 5654: 5405:Congenital sensorineural deafness 4960:The International Cat Association 4915:American Cat Fanciers Association 4566: 4513: 1798:Slimer! and the Real Ghostbusters 985:The International Cat Association 690:Manx cats have been exhibited in 654:, a near-island peninsula in the 323:, in earlier times often spelled 5592: 5591: 4940:Fédération Internationale Féline 4519: 4370:Glover, Rachel (November 2015). 4049:Glover, Rachel (2 August 2016). 3915:Glover, Rachel (26 April 2016). 3755:. 11 August 2015. Archived from 3084:. 4 January 2017. Archived from 1973:by Kathy Dollina Creamer (2001, 1677: 1538: 1529: 1416:publication of the results in a 1344:of the Manx cat, uncovering the 914: 911:Manx, to defraud unwary buyers. 470:literally 'cat of Mann' (plural 296: 66: 4394: 4253: 4210: 4114:Glover, Rachel (October 2016). 3687: 3678: 3607: 3115: 3100: 3078:"7 Facts About Your Cat's Tail" 3070: 3044: 3014: 2934: 2912: 2784: 2630: 2419:. 4 August 2017. Archived from 2208:Fockleyr Gailckagh as Baarlagh 2142:released a 1930 recording of a 1829:'s series of children's books, 1253:, as well as problems with the 4286:"Isle of Man Stamps and Coins" 4008:In the embedded audio portion. 3877:Glover, Rachel (August 2015). 3815:Hughes, Joe (11 August 2015). 1114:Isle of Man Shorthair (tailed) 949:Short-haired stumpy black Manx 1: 4465:Howey, Mary Oldfield (1931). 3628:10.1016/s0195-5616(02)00020-7 3185:"Breed Code MAN – Manx" 3109:"What are britches on a cat?" 2584:. Douglas: Shearwater Press. 2161: 2152:78 RPM gramophone record 1126:Isle of Man Longhair (tailed) 767:, tail suppression does not " 728: 642:peninsula (former island) of 506:noun, is also encountered as 4341:Patterson, Francine (1985). 4020:"Genome number 1 is funded!" 3160:(GCCF). 2012. Archived from 3156:. Bridgwater, Somerset, UK: 2759:Lane, Charles Henry (1903). 2529:MacBain, Alexander (1982) . 2181:Cregeen, Archibald (1984) . 2129:novel and films of that name 1436: 861:A "rumpy riser" tail example 7: 5574:List of longest-living cats 5455:Lower urinary tract disease 5435:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4955:Southern Africa Cat Council 4091:. Manx Cat Genome Project. 4026:. Manx Cat Genome Project. 3885:. Manx Cat Genome Project. 3785:. Manx Cat Genome Project. 2608:Radford, Victor H. (2001). 2154:(serial number 1430 on the 2029:but the game was cancelled. 1637: 1591:Famous real-world Manx cats 1521:Isle of Man national symbol 1130:Essentially a fully tailed 1098:, while GCCF uses the term 614:being popular on the island 573:The name of the promontory 395:Tailless cats, then called 10: 5659: 4930:Cat Aficionado Association 4085:"Shock genome price drop!" 2828:. Discovery Communications 2502:Craine, J. Ffynlo (2011). 1572:Isle of Man postage stamps 1214:. Thus, tailless cats can 1138:Tasman Manx (curly-coated) 1100:Semi-longhair Manx Variant 1077:commemorative 50-cent coin 1051: 377: 5587: 5561: 5518: 5410:Feline corneal sequestrum 5378: 5340: 5300: 4997: 4978: 4935:Cat Fanciers' Association 4905: 4771: 4694: 4649: 4574: 4499:Simpson, Frances (1903). 4485:The Cat in Magic and Myth 4483:, by Tuttle; and 2003 as 4202:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3848:"Manx Cat Genome Project" 3228:Cat Fanciers' Association 3022:"Breed Profile: The Manx" 2504:"On-line Manx Dictionary" 1952:The Cats of Grand Central 1699:Please help Knowledge to 1613:Bob, the male subject of 1084:Cat Fanciers' Association 742:A longy white Manx female 723:Cat Fanciers' Association 710:for the Manx in his 1903 623:offspring of a cat and a 554:itself was often spelled 534:. The diminutive word is 272: 261: 256: 244: 232: 220: 208: 196: 184: 172: 156: 144: 132: 120: 108: 96: 84: 79: 61: 53: 43: 31: 26: 4925:Canadian Cat Association 4429:. Barron's Educational. 4423:Commings, Karen (1999). 4243:"Isle of Man Government" 2779:Charles Henry Lane manx. 2088:model is constructed of 2040: 1791:Manx, the antagonist to 1753:Rex Tabby: Cat Detective 1566:A Manx cat, in stylized 1108:Feline Federation Europe 712:Rabbits, Cats and Cavies 5569:List of individual cats 3781:Glover, Rachel (2015). 3593:10.2460/javma.240.7.842 3414:. op. cit. January 2007 2345:10.1073/pnas.0901586106 2013:The Ren and Stimpy Show 1366:University of Edinburgh 1342:whole genome sequencing 1340:, to perform the first 1334:computational biologist 1326:Manx Cat Genome Project 1320:Manx Cat Genome Project 940: 927: 494:lit. 'bob-tailed cat'. 5445:Infectious peritonitis 5440:Immunodeficiency virus 4532:The Manx Breed Council 3753:Isle of Man Newspapers 3226:. Alliance, Ohio, US: 2972:"A Tale About Tails". 2685:"Here endeth the tail" 2660:Train, Joseph (1845). 2474:Kneen, J. J. (1990) . 1634:whole genome sequenced 1609:American Sign Language 1548:Manx cat on 1970 crown 1507: 1499: 1491: 1483: 1471: 1463: 1455: 1358:University of Missouri 1178: 1066: 1048:Cymric (Manx Longhair) 965:Manx cats exhibit two 962: 950: 862: 854: 749:cat body-type mutation 743: 734:Tail (or lack thereof) 686:Recognition as a breed 545: 537: 529: 521: 509: 504:masculine and feminine 497: 489: 481: 473: 464: 423:) and not from native 398: 392: 5510:Viral rhinotracheitis 5485:Tritrichomonas foetus 4950:New Zealand Cat Fancy 4818:Cats in ancient Egypt 3507:Butterworth-Heinemann 2560:First Lessons in Manx 2235:Cat Fanciers' Almanac 2229:Hall, Marion (1995). 2206:Kelly, John (1977) . 2191:a cat without a tail. 2078:flying model aircraft 1969:Olaf, protagonist of 1939:by D. M. Hart (2012, 1332:volunteer project by 1177: 1090:(CCCA), and the UK's 1039:Variants (sub-breeds) 956: 948: 860: 853:A "rumpy" Manx kitten 852: 741: 660:Kuril Islands Bobtail 390: 339:) originating on the 267:, in some registries. 5072:Colorpoint Shorthair 4970:World Cat Federation 4704:Cat–dog relationship 4528:at Wikimedia Commons 4349:. Scholastic Press. 4178:"We need your help!" 3217:"Manx Show Standard" 3135:on 15 November 2012. 1825:Marco the Manx from 1808:'s children's novel 1779:(1999–present) 1701:improve this section 1652:Douglas, Isle of Man 1583:and the four-horned 1556:Isle of Man currency 1338:Douglas, Isle of Man 1249:, causing a form of 1102:). The majority of 765:Old English Sheepdog 186:CCC of A 5272:Traditional Persian 5057:California Spangled 5027:Brazilian Shorthair 4823:Cultural depictions 4808:Cat-scratch disease 4505:The Book of the Cat 4495:, by Courier/Dover. 4408:. Zink Media. 2016. 4249:on 8 February 2007. 3032:on 20 December 2018 2948:on 20 December 2018 2908:on 23 January 2012. 2896:"CFA Standard Manx" 2612:. Pet Love series. 2441:Journal of Heredity 2336:2009PNAS..106.9971D 2241:on 29 October 2012. 2034:A Room of One's Own 1713:independent sources 1669:Fictional Manx cats 1619:E. Romayne Hertweck 1585:Manx Loaghtan sheep 1216:carry only one copy 1170:Health and genetics 1013:long-haired variant 803:– having a bump of 600:closed the door of 568:native Manx culture 450:(an example of the 448:island biogeography 383:Origin and folklore 38:A male "riser" Manx 5638:Natural cat breeds 5192:Oriental Shorthair 5102:European Shorthair 5017:American Shorthair 4965:World Cat Congress 3854:. 12 August 2015. 3164:on 8 December 2012 3088:on 2 February 2020 2982:. 25 January 1965. 2975:Chicago Daily News 2802:on 6 December 2018 2693:. 23 November 2002 2386:The Manx Note Book 2138:In popular music, 2107:comic book story, 2051:Norton Motors Ltd. 2021:Sonic the Hedgehog 1516:In popular culture 1418:scientific journal 1282:urate urolithiasis 1183:Manx taillessness 1179: 963: 957:Long-haired Manx ( 951: 863: 855: 744: 704:Charles Henry Lane 588:Regardless of the 456:species-area curve 393: 347:that shortens the 5618:Mammals of Europe 5605: 5604: 5430:Hepatic lipidosis 5336: 5335: 5032:British Shorthair 4641:Tortoiseshell cat 4524:Media related to 4452:on 7 October 2011 4382:on 3 October 2016 4376:ManxCatGenome.com 4290:IoMPostOffice.com 4157:on 3 October 2016 4151:ManxCatGenome.com 4126:on 3 October 2016 4120:ManxCatGenome.com 4116:"Sequence my cat" 4089:ManxCatGenome.com 4061:on 3 October 2016 4055:ManxCatGenome.com 4024:ManxCatGenome.com 3994:. 5 August 2016. 3927:on 3 October 2016 3921:ManxCatGenome.com 3883:ManxCatGenome.com 3759:on 19 August 2015 3460:MS Word .doc file 3317:on 4 October 2013 2980:Field Enterprises 2870: 2510:. Ballaugh, I.o.M 2330:(S1): 9971–9978. 2156:Edison Bell Radio 2123:like the classic 2067:Volkswagen Beetle 2016:(1991–1996) 2002:978-0-525-93807-1 1990:Bernie Rhodenbarr 1979:978-1-873120-15-6 1964:978-0-9730951-0-4 1945:978-0-61567-18-95 1937:Mika the Manx Cat 1930:978-0-382-09246-6 1918:978-0-382-09245-9 1906:978-0-382-09244-2 1894:978-0-382-09243-5 1875:978-0-931551-08-6 1863:978-0-931551-05-5 1851:978-0-931551-03-1 1839:978-0-931551-02-4 1820:978-0-698-10237-8 1801:(1988–1991) 1788:(1993–1995) 1765:978-0-439-45286-1 1748:(2005–2007) 1730: 1729: 1627:978-1-4327-3555-5 1352:databases at the 1346:genetic mutations 1336:Rachel Glover of 1278:corneal dystrophy 1120:British Shorthair 1033:point colouration 1029:British Shorthair 670:, and Indonesian 564:Irish–Norse 502:, used as both a 444:genetic diversity 425:European wildcats 288: 287: 5650: 5595: 5594: 5579:Cats in folklore 5177:Norwegian Forest 5147:Kurilian Bobtail 5127:Japanese Bobtail 5107:Exotic Shorthair 4995: 4994: 4860:National Cat Day 4617: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4538: 4537: 4523: 4508: 4474: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4440: 4410: 4409: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4348: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4322:on 30 March 2012 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4245:. Archived from 4239: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4201: 4193: 4187: 4185: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4080: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4015: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3960:Isle of Man News 3952: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3912: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3844: 3835: 3834: 3828: 3826: 3820: 3812: 3803: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3778: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3741: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3665: 3654: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3472: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3435: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3409: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3384: 3373: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3316: 3305: 3297: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3275: 3264: 3256: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3237:on 25 April 2013 3236: 3221: 3213: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3189: 3181: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3146: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3128:. Archived from 3127: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3028:. Archived from 3018: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3007: 2993: 2984: 2983: 2969: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2942:"About the Manx" 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2901:. Archived from 2900: 2892: 2871: 2864: 2862: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2798:. Archived from 2788: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2774: 2756: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2681: 2672: 2671: 2657: 2646: 2645: 2640:. Archived from 2634: 2628: 2627: 2605: 2596: 2595: 2577: 2564: 2563: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2536: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2499: 2490: 2489: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2436: 2425: 2424: 2423:on 15 June 2006. 2413: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2377: 2368: 2367: 2357: 2347: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2287: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2226: 2217: 2211: 2203: 2194: 2193: 2178: 2098:American Modeler 1922:Max in Australia 1725: 1722: 1716: 1681: 1680: 1673: 1641: 1542: 1533: 1510: 1502: 1494: 1486: 1474: 1466: 1458: 1069: 875:Japanese Bobtail 676:American Bobtail 668:Japanese Bobtail 664:Karelian Bobtail 566:folklore of the 548: 540: 532: 524: 512: 500: 492: 484: 476: 467: 429:Felis silvestris 401: 322: 321: 318: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 302: 283: 277: 72: 70: 69: 54:Common nicknames 46: 36: 24: 23: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5647: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5583: 5557: 5520:Cats by country 5514: 5381: 5374: 5332: 5296: 5172:Neva Masquerade 4999: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4901: 4774: 4767: 4758:Righting reflex 4690: 4645: 4613: 4570: 4565: 4516: 4511: 4455: 4453: 4437: 4418: 4416:Further reading 4413: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4385: 4383: 4368: 4364: 4357: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4310: 4309: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4195: 4194: 4183: 4181: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4143: 4139: 4129: 4127: 4112: 4108: 4098: 4096: 4081: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4016: 4012: 4001: 3999: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3954: 3953: 3940: 3930: 3928: 3913: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3824: 3822: 3813: 3806: 3792: 3790: 3779: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3743: 3742: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3720:. 4 August 2016 3710: 3709: 3702: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3669: 3667: 3666:on 11 July 2015 3663: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3612: 3608: 3571: 3567: 3560: 3546: 3542: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3482:. op. cit. 2011 3474: 3473: 3466: 3452: 3450: 3449:on 7 March 2013 3437: 3436: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3385:on 25 July 2012 3382: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3349:on 25 July 2012 3346: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3276:on 9 April 2013 3273: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3167: 3165: 3148: 3147: 3140: 3132: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3005: 3003: 2995: 2994: 2987: 2971: 2970: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2920:"Manx Syndrome" 2918: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2874: 2867:tertiary source 2845: 2841: 2831: 2829: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2772: 2770: 2757: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2683: 2682: 2675: 2658: 2649: 2644:on 1 June 2012. 2636: 2635: 2631: 2624: 2614:Dorking, Surrey 2606: 2599: 2592: 2578: 2567: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2527: 2523: 2513: 2511: 2500: 2493: 2486: 2472: 2468: 2437: 2428: 2415: 2414: 2407: 2395: 2393: 2378: 2371: 2316: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2288: 2267: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2227: 2220: 2204: 2197: 2179: 2168: 2164: 2043: 1971:Olaf Comes Home 1956:Laura Archibald 1886:Max Leaves Home 1771:Mac Manc McManx 1726: 1720: 1717: 1698: 1694:popular culture 1682: 1678: 1671: 1593: 1568:Celtic knotwork 1552: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1535: 1534: 1523: 1518: 1468:'mouser', from 1439: 1410:genome assembly 1322: 1309: 1287: 1210:, resulting in 1172: 1140: 1128: 1118:Resembling the 1116: 1056: 1050: 1041: 943: 930: 917: 888:health problems 736: 731: 688: 417:African wildcat 385: 380: 299: 295: 279: 273: 268: 80:Breed standards 67: 65: 44: 39: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5656: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5548:United Kingdom 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5524: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5495:Skin disorders 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5450:Leukemia virus 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5386: 5384: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5346: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5287:Turkish Angora 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5067:Chinese Li Hua 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4992: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4850:Cats and Islam 4847: 4842: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4777: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4711: 4706: 4700: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4666: 4661: 4655: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4580: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4564: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4515: 4514:External links 4512: 4510: 4509: 4496: 4467:"Manx Legends" 4462: 4441: 4435: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4393: 4362: 4355: 4333: 4303: 4277: 4252: 4234: 4209: 4168: 4137: 4106: 4072: 4041: 4010: 3977: 3938: 3900: 3869: 3836: 3804: 3770: 3731: 3700: 3686: 3677: 3641: 3622:(4): 901–915. 3606: 3587:(7): 842–847. 3565: 3558: 3540: 3535:messybeast.com 3522: 3515: 3493: 3464: 3425: 3396: 3360: 3328: 3287: 3248: 3205: 3176: 3138: 3114: 3099: 3069: 3057:Wide Open Pets 3043: 3013: 2985: 2959: 2933: 2911: 2872: 2839: 2813: 2796:www.reersoe.dk 2783: 2704: 2673: 2647: 2629: 2622: 2597: 2590: 2565: 2550: 2543: 2521: 2491: 2484: 2466: 2426: 2405: 2369: 2310: 2265: 2244: 2231:"The Manx Cat" 2218: 2195: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2133:Cthulhu Mythos 2125:Maltese Falcon 2055:Isle of Man TT 2042: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2030: 2017: 2005: 1986: 1967: 1948: 1933: 1898:Max in America 1878: 1823: 1802: 1789: 1780: 1768: 1749: 1740: 1728: 1727: 1692:references to 1685: 1683: 1676: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1655: 1630: 1611: 1592: 1589: 1547: 1546: 1537: 1536: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1438: 1435: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1321: 1318: 1308: 1305: 1301:animal welfare 1171: 1168: 1139: 1136: 1127: 1124: 1115: 1112: 1104:cat registries 1052:Main article: 1049: 1046: 1040: 1037: 942: 939: 929: 926: 916: 913: 847: 846: 832: 818: 808: 794: 755:, caused by a 735: 732: 730: 727: 708:breed standard 687: 684: 579:Spanish Armada 465:kayt Manninagh 452:founder effect 436:dominant trait 384: 381: 379: 376: 286: 285: 270: 269: 262: 259: 258: 254: 253: 248: 242: 241: 236: 230: 229: 224: 218: 217: 212: 206: 205: 200: 194: 193: 188: 182: 181: 176: 170: 169: 164: 154: 153: 148: 142: 141: 136: 130: 129: 124: 118: 117: 112: 106: 105: 100: 94: 93: 88: 82: 81: 77: 76: 63: 59: 58: 57:Stubbin, rumpy 55: 51: 50: 47: 41: 40: 37: 29: 28: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5655: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5598: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5560: 5554: 5553:United States 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5517: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5505:Toxoplasmosis 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5460:Panleukopenia 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5227:Scottish Fold 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5012:American Curl 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4984: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4898: 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